Ill
NGHIEN CUU c i U l i G D UBOI DUONG NiNG LUC GlAl Q U Y I T VAN DE CHO HOC SINH V0I SIT H 5 TRU CUA BAI TAP VAT Lf
• • • •
m.niliaWallMm-fmKHGBllftNam n S . BhA TM Huf IlM - Tru&ng THPT Chuyin Thi Khoa Nghia, An Giang
SUMMARY
Problem-solving capacity is one of the necessary capacity of the 21st century. Physical exercise is a good environment for students can practice skills to solve the problem so that foster the capacity to solve the problem. The article presents the current status of the use of physical exercises towards fostering problem- solving agxibilities for students and the process of using physical exercise in teaching to foster problem- solving capacity for students.
Keywords: Problem-sohing ctpacity; Physical exercise.
Ngiy nhin bii: 4/5/2016; Ngiy phin Nfn: 15/5/2016; Ngiy diiyfl Mng: 20/5/2016.
1. D|t vin dl
Nang luc giii quylt vin dl (NLGQVD) li mdt trong nhiing ning luc d n thilt cda the ky 21.
NLGQVD dupe hlnh ttiinh vi phit triln din trong thdi gian dii, qua timg thinh phin rifng bift ho|e tdng thl vdi su lid trp cda nhftng phuong tifn vi hinh thuc td ehde khic nhau.
Bii tip V|t li (BTVL) khdng chl gdp phin ning cao hifu qui gid dsy mi cdn kich thIch dupe hdng thd hpc t|p, ning cao tinh tich cue, tu luc, sing tso, hinh thinh nhiing ning luc cho HS nhu: nang luc tir duy sing tso, NLGQVD, ...Trong qui trinh giii BTVL, HS ed flil phin tich cic dilu kifn di cho td dl bii, tu xiy dung nhOng l|p lu|n, tu tiiuc hifn cic thao tic tinh toin, cd khi phii tiln hinh cic thao tic till nghifm, xic djnh mdi quan hf giiia cic dsi lupng dl kiem tia cic kit lu|n ciia minh. Nhu v|y, cd flif ndi BTVL li mdi tiudng tdt dl HS cd till rf n luyf n nhdng kl ning giii quylt vin dl dl tii dd bdi dudng dupe NLGQVD.
2. Thyc trf ng vl vifc sir dyng bii tip v|t II theo hudng t>di dudng ning 1 ^ giii qnylt vin dl cho HS d trudng THPT hifn nay
D I tlm hilu thuc trsng vl vifc sd dung BTVL ttieo hudng bdi duilng NLGQVD cho HS d trudng THPT hifn nay, chdng tdi tiln hinh phit philu ttiim dd 260 HS thude trudng THPT chuyen Thu Khoa Nghia d cic Idp lOAl (44 HS); I0A2(44HS); 10A3 (44 HS); 10A5 (42 HS) vi 10A7 (42 HS). Cd 34 GV v|t II thude 4 trudng THPT trdn tinh An Giang dupe phit philu dilu tra: 11 GV trudng THPT chi^dn Thd Khoa Nghia, fliinh phd Chiu Ddc; 6 GV tiudng THPT Hda Lsc, huyfn Phd Tin; 7 GV tiudng THPT Vd Thj Siu, fliinh phd Chiu Ddc vi 10 GV tiordng THPT Chiu Phu, huyfn Chiu Phd.
!!l • TJM> a d m f r B| GiAo Dgc - Sii u o - 6/2016
2.1. Th^ trtfng vi vifc sir dtfng bii tfy>v§tll trong dpy hoc hifn nay
Qua dilu tia kit hpp vdi vifc trao ddi vdi GV vi HS mdt sd tiudng phd thdng thude dja bin thih An Giang vl vifc sd dung BTVL tiong dsy hpc cho fliiy nhitng vin dl sau:
- BTVL chua dupe GV khai tiiie trift dl trong d e khiu dsy hpc, cd 100% GV sir dung BTVL trong tilt bii tip, d nhOng khiu cilng ed v i v|n dung trong qui trinh day bii mdi, rIt it GV sd dung bii t|p trong khlu md diu tso tinh hudng hpc t|p vi nghifn cdu kien tilde mdi (8.8%).
- Do hsn chl vl m|t thdi gian nfn vifc giii bii tip hay hudng din » i i bii t|p cho HS thudng li GV fliuc hifn giii bii miu. sau dd HS tiln hinh lim theo (70.6%). Thl n6n cic em tiiudng chl giii dupe nhdng bii tip mi GV hudng din ho|c giii miu. mang tinh r|p khudn. miy mdc. it cd su sing tso.
- Da sd GV khi sd dung BTVL tiong gid hpc tiiudng sd dung bii t|p d SGK vi sich bii tip (73.3%), mdt sd it sd dung sich flam khio v i tu bifn sosn (26,5%) nfn vifc lua chpn bii t|p cda GV chua cd muc dich rd ring, fliudng GV chi ra nhftng bii t|p trong SGK ed lifn quan ngay din cic cdng thdc mi HS vda hpc. mang Unh cim tinh, chua lua chpn dupe nhdng bii t|p ed flil phit tiiln tit duy, sing tso vi bdi dudng NLGQVD cho HS.
2.2. Th^c trpng vi vifc sir d^ng bii tip vft II theo hudng bdi duihig ning life giii quyit vin dl cho hpc sinh
Hlu hit HS ed suy ngM NLGQVD li quan trpng vi rit ouan trpng (97.3%). vi 100% HS mong mudn dupe bdi dudng NLGQVD.
M|e du y thde dupe NLGQVD li tit quan trpng, tiiy nhifn eon sd tiiu dupe cho thiy rit nhilu HS ehui
IGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
III
I tdng ti^xuc vdi m$tsd cic ki ning GQVD:Cu till li cd rit it IB dupe ti^ xdc vdi K idng fliilt l|p
^ i f ^ j : ^ . ^ (23%) vi dinh gii giii phip vHi ae (5/.). Klu dui^&udc mpt bii t|p mdi, da sd cic U em dupe Ally cd budng din giii bii t|p mpt cich chl tiet (95,8%) tfie nen mdt sd ki ning giii quylt
^ ^ de cac em chua dupe tti^ CO ren luyfn (73%) Trong cac bii kiem tra djnh ki cic em cung it khi gap nhOng bii tip boi dudng NLGQVD (95%). Cung biM
• h d o d d m i i O O % c i c e m k h d n g t u t i n c d ^ g i i i quyetvande mpt cich fliinh tfiso. Ddng tiidi, C Q S
» edlM%GV nhin djnh NLGQVD cua HS hifn n ^ t cdn rSt hsn Che (chid muc tiung binh vi ylu)
xnr!^^ GV dIu cd nhin djnh vifc ren luyfn NLGQVD cho HS li quan ttpng vi tit quan tr^mg.
Mfc du nhsn ttidc dupe tlm quan tipng dd nhung
^S^^iJC'" <* ra lung tung tiong cich bdi dutal NLGQVD. Bdi nhilu GV chua dupe tilp c|n d S hinh thde d ^ hpc phit tiiln ttieo nang luc, trong dd I ^ ' ^ ° S e ^ ( ! 8 ' 2 % ) - T r o n g qui tiinh day hpTbii S F ^ F "^ "^ ° ^ hudng din bii tip miu cho HS
« 5 a u dd cho nhftng bii tip hiong tu dl HS cd till ip ' dung lim tiieo (70.6%). Vi All khiu fliilt Up khdng gian vin de. Up kl hosch cho giii phip haylanh g^
' giii phip khdng dupe GV chd tipng hudng tdi ' ,x .''?*!^Ph^''«:hcicsdUfudafliufli|p,cdflil 1 ket luln ring cic GV hifn nay vin chua cd su chd
! tipng dung mdc din vifc bdi dudng cic kl ning
; e l l quylt vin dl cho HS. Nhilu GV nh|n tiidc dupe tim quan trong cua vifc bdi dudng NLGQVD I liV nhifn hpcQngtdra lung tiing tiong khiu tdchuc
vi chiB ip dung cic bifn phip bdi dutlng NLGQVD I cho HS. Ddng flidi cQng chua dupe nhi tiudng quan , tarn-W cilng l i U do kWln NLGQVD cda HS phd
Uidng hijn nay vin cdn rit hsn chl.
3. Q«y trinh cna vifc sir dyng bii t|p v|t U trong day hoc theo hudng bdi du«ng ning lue giai quylt via dl cho hpc sinh « «^8»' HTV?*^ ^ ''^ "^s •**" ''*>' h9C. vai tid cda T . .. T*^ H^^ hdi dudng NLGQ'^ cho HS chdng tdi df xult quy tiinh sd dung BTVL tiong day hpctheo hudng boi dudng NLGQVD cho HS Aeo 4 budc sau:
d u ^ t ^ Q ^ ^ * " • ' " ^ ' * *^"« " ' **•• " ^ . V*i lia chpn bii tip d n ftiin tiieo d c nguvfn I «c^lia chpn BTVL flieo hudng bdi dudng NLa?VD
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ L ^ p k l h o s c h s i r d ^ n g b i i t l p b d i I Mdt kl hosch tdt se giim GVcd djnh hudng Id
rtng khi hfa hanh to ehde bdi dudng. Do dd. khlu
^ r^K^^'^S "b. '^ ='"^ ''' " = ^ * -^u
dio,Cich ttiuc td ehde, sd dung bii t l p d w tilt ly
C
Lua chcm dupe hf tii&ig bii tip bdi duSng NLGQVDT
I Lip kehoschsd dung bii tip bdi dudng ^
l^ NLGQVD I ( Td ehde bdi dudng NLGQVD tiieo kl hosch^
Td chdc kilm tra, dinh gii ^
c
flraylf khdng gidng vdi tilt bii t|p nen kl hosch bdi dudng NLGQVD duye phin ra lim hai phin nhu sau:
a Ke hopch bdi dudng NLGQVD cho tiit ly
thuyit ' + Xic djiih hinh tiiuc sd dung bii t|p: GV cd
tiie tifn hinh bdi dudng NLGQVD ttidng qua bii t|p dH vin df vio bii mdi, bii t|p nghifn cdu kiln ttidc mdi, bii tip ediK ed - v|n dung bii hpc vi bii t|p giao nhif m vu vl nhi.
^ + ^ djnh phuong tifn vi ttidi gian td ehde bdi dudng: Phuong tifn dsy hpc ddng vai tid quan tipng frong qui tiinh dsy hpc cOi^ nhu tiong qui tiinh bdi dudng NLGQVD. do dd khi l|p kl hosch GV d n chuan b| cic phupng tifn cin sd dung. Bfn csnh dd cung d n chu y den tiidi gian td chdc bdi dudng tung bii tip cu till. -o 6
+ Du kiln cich tilde td chdc bdi dudng: GV dndinh htah tiude cich ttiuc tiln hinh td ehde bdi dudng df vifc bdi dudng diln ra cd hifu qui.
A u c '^'™,*" dinh gii: U khiu d n thilt dl GV vi HS ed Af nhin nh|n Isi nhiing gi da lim dupe vi chiraJim Aipc dl rdt kinh nghifm cho lin sau. GV
«> the tifn hinh dinh gii qui tiinh hpc t|p (quan sit
^ i d t f t ^ ' ' f ""^^ ""0 ddi HS tiong qui tiinh b.Ke hopch bdi dudng NLGQVD cho tiit bii tpp
+ Xic djnh lupng bii tip d n bdi dudng tiong tiet: Lupng b i t|p dTra phii phd hpp vi b i , q u j dupe lupng kiln tilde da hpc tiude dd.
+ J ^ djnh phuong tifn v i flidi gian td chuc bdi dudng: Hiuoog tifn dsy hpc dong vai tid quan tipng tiMg qui timh dsy hpc cOng nhu tiong qui tilnh bS dudng NLGQVD, do dd khi l|p kl tosch G T ^ chuan b| cac phuang tifn d n su dung. Ben csnh dd
^ ^ « m , * u y d l n f l i d i g i a „ t d c h a i d u i a 2 .in t ? ? t 1 " ? ' • ^^ ^ «=h^ hdi dudng: GV d n dpih htah tiude dch tilde tiln hinh td chdc bdi T*PCHlTHrfrBiaA0DVC.s6130-6/2016 . 21
Ill
'iHIEN CUU & UNG D'dudng dl vifc bdi dudng dien ra ed hif u qui.
+ Kilm tra dinh gii: U khau d n ttiilt dl GV vi HS cd ttil nWn nh|n Isi nhiing gi di lim dupe v i chua lim dupe dl nit kiiih nghifm cho lin sau. GV cd thl tiln hinh dinh gii cu thl tiing HS trong qui trinh hpc t|p (quan sit HS lira vifc, l|p bing theo ddi HS trong qui tiinh bdi du8ng).Ngoii ra GV cd ttil dinh gii thdng qua bii kiem tra cua HS.
Budc 3: Td chiic bdi duihig NLGQVD theo luhofch
Khlu td chdc thue chat li qui trinh fliue hifn hda kl hosch bdi dudiig da dupe chuin bj. Trong qui trinh td chdc GV cin phii flieo sit HS dl cd flif djnh hudng, cd vin v i gidp dd cho HS khi cin thiet.
Budc 4: xd chdc kilm tra, dinh gii Dua vio kl hosch kilm tra, dinh gii di chuin bj, GV tiln hinh theo qinr tiinh di dl ra. Trong qui tiinh dinh gii GV cd flil dua vio bd tieu chi dinh gii cic mdc cda tibig ky ning cda NLGQVD trong lu|n van dl quy ra dilm sd. Td dilm sd GV cd till quy ra cic d p dd mi HS dst dupe tiong qui titah bdi dudng. Ddng thdi, GV cd till kit hpp vdi ttiuc tiln dsy hpc trong nhi trudng dl bd sung v i dilu chinh cho phd hpp.
Kilm tra, dinh gii cin phii tiln hinh cdng bang, khich quaa Trinh dinh gii qua loa. so sii.
khdng tiling thue. Kilm tra dinh gii li co sd dl GV xem xft hifu qui dst dupe dl tim ra nhOng fliilu sdt dl khic phue cho Ian bdi dudng tilp flieo.
4.Kltlu(n
V|n dung quy tiinh di dl xuit. chdng tdi xiy dung 1^ flidng bii tip vi tiln hinh tiiuc nghifm su phsm vdi HS Idp 10A7 v i lOAS nim hpc 2015-2016 tsi trudng THPT chuyfn Thii Khoa Nghia, fliinh phd Chiu Ddc, tinh An Giang nhim kilm chimg ttah hifu qui cda vifc sd dung quy trinh bdi duOng NLGQVD trong dsy hpc v|t II. Ket qui djnh tinh cho thiy khdng
XAY D Q N G B A I GIANG Dl|NTlif...r<^
khi Idp hpc sdi ndi. HS tich cue, chu ddng v i td ni hio hdng trong khi luyfn t|p cic 1^ nang giii quylt vin dl dudi su hudng din cda GV. Sau mdt flidi giw bdi dudng, cic ky ning giii quylt vin dl cda HS bd nen fliinh ttiso hon. Kit qui djnh lupng ttiu dupe theo su thdng kd vi phin tich kit qui bii kilm ba cho thiy kit qui kilm tra cic ky ning giii quylt vin de ciia diu ra cao hon diu vio. Cic kit qui niy dl khing djnh hifu qui cda vifc bdi dudng NLGQVD cho HS tiieo quy titah da dl xult.
Ddi vdi mdn V|t II d trudng phd Aidng, BTVLcd till gidp HS cdng ed dupe kiln tilde 11 ttiuylt, v|n dung giii thich dupe cic hifn titpng thue tl, ddng thdi cung li phuang tifn dinh gii kiln thdc, ky ning cda HS. VI v|y, dl qui trinh dsy hpc v|t II phd Aidng dst hifu qui cao thi vifc giing dsy BTVL ciing cin cd su thay ddi theo hudng hd trp bdi dudng ning luc ndi Chung vi NLGQVD ndi rifng cho HS,
Tii lifu tham khio
1, Bd Giio due v i Dio tso (2014), Tii ti4u tdp hudn xdy dung cic chuyin di dgy hpc vi kiim tra, dinh gii theo dinh hudng phit triin ndng luc hpc sinh mdn Vdt li. NXB Giio due. Hi N§i.
2, Luong Duyfn Binh (Tdng chd bifn) (2007), Vdt li 10. NXB Giio due. Hi Ndi.
3. Nguyln Anh TXiln (2004). Bdi dudng ndng luc phit hi4n vi giii quyit viin di cho hpc sinh THCS trong dpy hpc khdi nifm Toin hpc (thi hi^n qua m$t sd khdi nifm Dpi sS d Trung hpc casd). Lu|n in Tiln si Giio due hpc, Vifn Khoa hpc Giio due Vift Nam.
4. Thii Duy "HiySn (2006). Phuong phdp dpy hpc truyin thdng vi ddi mdi. NXB Giio due. Hi Nfi.
"•"•"•"I iii"<""> uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Iheo trang 6) - Sd dung bii giing module PLC theo tilp c|n
md hlnh io gdp phin khic phue dupe tinh tisng thilu ttiilt bj, thay thl md hlnh da hu hdng, xudng d p , gidp ngudi hpc cd them phuong tifn dl thue hinh, nghien cdu.
- Ap md hinh io tiong giing dsy gdp phin cii thifn phuang phip vi ning cao chit lupng dio tso d cic trudng dsi hpc vi cao ding.
Tii Ufa tham khio
I. Giio tilnh PLC Co bin - luu hinh ndi bd, 22 • TAP a d THlfrB|GlA0DVC-S6130-6/2016
tiudng Cao ding nghl Ca difn Hi Ndi - 2009.
2. Trudng Dsi hpc Su pham, Dsi hpc Thii Nguyf n. gKy dinh vi thiit ki va sir dyng bii giang difn til. Quylt djnh sd 1376 /QD-QLKH ngiy 11 ttiing07 nam 2011.
3. Nguyln Bi Hdi. Giio trinh t$p I4nh PLC SIEMENS S7. Dsi hpc Bich khoa Di Ning.
4. Nguyln Vin Tula Ly ludn dpy hpc. Trudng
DHSPKT TP. Hd Chl Minh. 1 5. TrIn Khinh Ddc (2013). i)> ludn viphuotd
phdp dgy hpc hiin dpi. NXB Dsi hpc Qudc gia.
