KHOA HOC CONG N G H |
AIMH HUQIXIG C U A V I E C X U L Y K E T H O P K E O IXIHUA THdiXIG - BOROIVl D E M H i O T S O TilXIH C H A T V A T L Y C U A
G d D U O I V G
Nguydn Thi Thanh Hidn^ T r ^ Nho Quydtf'
T6MTAT
Nhua thong la mot san pham tit thiSn nhien, co dac tinh ky nude rat tot va than thien voi con nguoi. Trong nghi&n cuu niy, gb Duong {Populus ussunensis Komo) da duac xii ly ngam tam boi h6n hop cua 3% axit boric vol 1%, 2% va 4% dung dich keo nhua thong de danh gia anh huong ciia viec liet hop keo nhua thong - boron den mot sd tinh chat vat ly ciia gb Dinmg gom: do hiit am, hiit niroc cung nhu do truong no ciia g6 truoc va sau xir ly. Ket qua da xac dmh: so vol go idiong xir ly, gb Duong sau khi duoc xir ly boi h5n hop dung dich keo nhua thSng - boron da giam dang ke kha nang hiit am, hiit nuoc cung nhir kha nang truong no cua g6, dong thai da tang hieu qua chdng hiit nuoc va chdng truong na ciia g6 len tuong ling khoang 25% va 30% sau khi ngam trong nuac 30 ngay. Nong do keo nhua thong tang iSn thi hieu qua chong hiit nuac vi hi^u qua chdng truong na ciia g6 cung tang \tn. Su dung keo nhua thong ket hop vdi axit boric de ngam tam cho gd Duong da lam giam su dan no ciia g6 do hiit am va hiit nude, ddng thdi gdp phan lam tang kha nang on dinh kich thud«c cua gd,
Tirkhda: Dd dn dinh kich thudc, do hut nuoc. gd Duong, hi€u qua chdng truong no, nhua thong-boron.
1 . BAT VAN BE
Cac hop chat chua Bo nhu axit boric va horax duoc str dung de ngam tam cho go tir nhiing nam 1930, boi vi chiing duox; danh gia la co kha nang chdng lai cac sinh vat hai lam san, dac biet co hieu luc tdt doi vm mpt hai go, nam moc, nam muc va con CO kha nang phong chong chay. Tuy nhien, cac hgp chfit ciia Bo lai bl han che sir dung b ngoai troi vi rat Ah hi rira troi hoi nuoc [14]. De khac phuc nhugc diem nay, mot loat he thong nghien cuu cd dinh boron da dugc phat trien nhu ket hpp boron voi glycerol/glyoxal, vinyl monomers, silanes, alkydes, din xuat dau tho, protein, hop chat chdng am, g6 hoa long va nhu sap than non (montan wax emulsions) de ngam tam gd [2 - 3,10 -12]. Tuy nhien, nhiing giai phap nay co yeu cau chi phi cao, hoac mpt sd phai tam kep, it co tnen vong trong kmh doanh, do do ca ban chua dugc ap dung trong san xuat.
Nhua thong la mot hdn hpp phuc tap cac chat, tao ra fong qua hinh tong hgp nhua cua cay thdng.
Nhua thdng rat than thien vdi con nguoi va moi hirong. Thanh phan cau tao chinh cua nhua thong la axit abietic, mot hop chat chua bao hda voi 3 vdng lien kdt h-ong phan hj va mdt nhdm cacboxyl. Vi vay.
Tnrdng Dai hoc Lam nghiep Email: [email protected]
- Trucmg Dai hpc Lam nghiep Dong Bac - Trung Qudc
nhua thdng co dac tinh ky nude rat tdt. Trong nhieu nam qua, nhua thdng duoc ling dung rdng rai trong nganh cdng nghiep giay lam keo nhua thdng [13].
Trong nghien ciru truoc day, keo nhua thong da duoc su dung don le hoac ket hpp vdd ddng sunphat hoac axit boric de ngam tam gd, ket qua cho thay keo nhua thdng cd kha nang co dinh dong va boron trong gd, gdp phan cai thien kha nang chong muc va kha nang on dinh kich thudc cua gd [4-9]. Nghien ciiu nay, chii yeu danh gia su anh hudng ciia viec ket hgp keo nhua thdng - boron den mdt sd tinh chat vat ly ctia gd Duong nhu dd hiit am, hut nude cung nhu dp truang nd cua gd truoc va sau xir ly.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUBNG PHAP NGHIBI CUU 2.1. Chuin bi v^t li^u nghi6n cihi
+ Go thi nghiem: Trong thi nghiem nay go Duong {Populus ussunensis Komo) dupe lua chpn theo Tidu chuan GB 1929-2009 cua Trung Qudc (tuong duong vdi Tieu chuan Qudc te ISO 3129) tai Hdc Long Giang - Trung Qudc, de lam m^u gd ngam t^m. Mau gd dugc cat tir gd Duong chira xu ly vdi kich thuoc mlu la 20 x 20 x 20 mm. Lua chon cac mau go khdng cd khuyet tat de tien hanh ngam tam.
+ Dung dich ngam tam: Nhua thong su dung trong nghien cuu nay la keo nhua thong (NS-801) (mdt san p h ^ sir dung rdng rai trong nganh cdng nghiep giay) c6 ham luong khd la 49,6596 do Cdng ty Cong nghiep hda hoc Guangxi Wuzhou Arakawa san
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 6/2020 137
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE xuat. Trong nghien cuu nay keo nhua thong dupe
pha loang vdi nuoe thanh 3 cap ndng do khac nhau la 1%, 2% va 4% ket hgp vai 3% axit boric H:,B03 (BA) (do Cong ty Tianjin Kennel Chemical Reagent cung cap) diing de ngam tam gd.
2.2. Phuong phAp xw Ij^ gd
Trudc khi xir ly, tit ca cac mau gd dupe dat vao trong hi say d- nhiet dp lOS^C den khdi lugng khdng doi va can chinh xac den 0,01 g (W,). Sau dd, mSu gd dupe hen hanh xu ly ngam tim vdi 1%, 2% va 4% dung dich keo nhua thdng va axit boric bang phuong phap tam ap luc chan khdng. Cac budc thuc hi6n nhu sau:
Dau hdn miu dupe dat vao thimg chua dung dich va hut chan khdng dat 0,1 MPa khoang 60 phiit, sau do tang ap len 0,3 MPa va duy tri trong 2 gid. Sau dd mlu dupe giir nguyen trong dung dich tam khoang 60 phiit a dieu kien ap suat khdng khi. Cudi ciing mau gd dugc lay ra va lau nhe phan dung dich cdn du tren b^ mat mlu.
T^t ca mlu gd sau khi xir ly duge dat trong dieu kien khdng khi 4 tuan sau dd moi hen hanh kiem tra cac tinh chat khac.
2.3. K i ^ tra ti 1^ t^ng khdi lugng cila g6 Cac mlu gd da xir ly duoe say khd d-103 ± 2''C d^n khdi luong khdng doi va tien hanh can de xac dinh khdi luang khd kiet sau khi tam hda chat. Ty le tang khdi lugng (WPG) duge xac dinh theo cdng thtrc:
W P G C % ) = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 0 0 ^^^
mo
Trong do: mo la khdi luong mlu gd khd kiet truoc khi tam hda chat (g); m, la khoi lugng mau gd khd ki^t sau khi tam hda chat (g).
2.4. Phirong phip do d0 hiit Im
Cac mlu gd da xir ly (kich thude 20 x 20 x 20 mm) dugc say khd cr 103 ± 2''C den khdi luong khdng ddi va hen hanh can de xac dinh khdi lugng khd kiet.
Sau khi say, cac mlu gd duge dat trong mdt budng tieu khi hau cd nhiet do la 2 0 T va do am la 65%
khoang 4 hian. Sau khi bao hoa, mdi mlu gd duac can xac dinh khdi lugng chinh xac den 0,01 g. Ham lugng Im can bing (EMC %) duoe tinh toan bing cdng thuc sau:
EMC (%) =[{G'GJ/GJx\00 (2) Trong do: G la khdi luong can bang cua gd sau khi hiit am (g); G„ la khdi lugng khd kiet ciia mau gd (g).
2.5. Phuong phAp do dO hut nu6c v4 dO 6n dinh kich thuoc
Cac mlu gd vdi kich thuoc 20 x 20 x 20 mm sau khi da say khd kiet duge dat vao h-ong mdt cdc thuy tinh 1.000 ml co chua nude loc. Cac sen mau dugc dat rieng re h-ong cdc vdi mdt ludi thep khdng ri dat ben tren ngan khdng cho mlu ndi tren bd mat nude.
Sau mdi thai gian 6 gid, 1 ngay, 2 ngay, 4 ngay, 8 ngay, 12 ngay, 20 ngay va v^ sau cir 10 ngay, mlu gd lai duoc lay ra khdi cdc va duac thim qua bo lugng nude du tren be mat gd, rdi dugc can xac dmh khdi lugng, sau dd lai dugc dat vao cdc va nude ti-ong cdc ciing duge thay the bang mdt luang nude mdi. Qua trinh kiem ti-a didn ra hen tuc trong khoang it nhat 30 ngay. Do truang net theo the tich, theo chidu xuyen tam va chieu tidp tuyen ciia cac mlu ki^m tra duge do bang mdt thi^t hi do cd dp chinh xac ± 0.01 mm.
Dd tiirong nd khac nhau giira mlu khdng xir ly (ddi chimg) va mlu da xir ly dugc xir dung de tinh toan hieu qua chdng truang nd- (the anti-swelling efficiency ASE) theo cong thiic sau:
ASE( (3)
Trong dd, 5„ la do truang na th^ tich cua mlu gd khdng xir ly (%) va 5 la do truong nd the tich cua mau daxuly(%).
s(%) = [iv„-v^/v,]xm (4)
Trong do, V^the tich cua mlu gd sau khi da bao hda vdi nude (mm^ va V^la the tich ciia mlu gd khd kiet ban ddu (mm^.
H^ sd truang nd theo chieu ti^p tuyen va xuyen tam duac tinh nhu sau:
S„(%) = [(«„-ad)/arflxlOO (5) Trong do: a^ia kich thudc theo chieu xuyen tam hoac hep tuyen ciia mlu go khd kiet ban dau (mm) va a^ la kich thude theo chieu xuyen tam hoac ti^p tuyen cua mlu gd sau khi bao hda vdi nude (ram)
Dd hut nude (WA) dugc tinh theo cdng thiic sau- WA(%) = [(WAi])/lV,]xm (6) Trong dd: W^ la khdi luang ciia mlu sau khi ngam nude (g) va U) la khdi luong khd kiet ban dau a i a mlu (g).
Hidu qua chdng tham nuoc (WRE) duoc tinh theo cdng thiic:
WRE (%) ^ [ (IV^^ irj/ WJ X 100 (7) Trong do: W„ la do hiit nude cua mlu gd da xir ly (%) va W^. la dd hut nuoc cua mlu ddi chung khdng XLT ly (%).
138 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
2.6. Quan s^t dudi kinh hi&i vi SEM
Sau khi xu ly, cac mlu gd dugc quan sat duoi kinh hien vi di$n hi (SEM, FEI Quanta 200) ciia My (Hinh 1). Cach tao mlu va quan sat nhu sau: Cac mlu gd trudc va sau khi xu If dugc cat thanh miu mdng CO kich thude 10 x 10 x 1 mm (dai, rdng, day).
Cac mlu nay dugc gan I6n mdt la kun loai va dugc phun h-ang mdt lop mdng (day khoang 20 nm) vang.
Cac mlu sau dd dugc quan sat bing kinh hien vi dien tu. Quan sat nglu nhi^n da dugc thuc hi§n tren cac cau tnic khac nhau d^ xac dmh su ton tai cua nhua thdng v l boron trong cac can tnic giai phlu cua cac mlu gd.
Hinh 1. Kinh hi^n vi di$n tii 2.7. Phuong phap xtr ly sd Mu
D^ xac dmh miic do anh hudng ciia hdn hgp dung dich keo nhua thdng-boron den tinh chat ciia gd, phuong phap kiem dinh One-way Anova da dupe su dung va su ddng nhlt gitra cac nhdm da duge xac dinh bang phan mem thong ke SPSS 20.0.
3. KET QUA N6HIBU CUU VA TUAQ LUAN 3.1. Ty le tang kh6i lugng m l u go sau tam Ket qua kiem tra ty le tang khdi lugng cua mlu gd sau tam the hien d-bang 1.
Bang 1. Ty le tSng khoi lugng cua m l u gd dugc xu ly Che do ngam tam
3«BA 1%R+3«BA 2%R + 3%BA 4%R + 3%BA
WPG(%) 1.85 (0,32)"
2,41 (0,16) 3,41 (0,53) 6,58 (0,75) Ghi chu: ^Kdt qua trung binh cua 24 mau. Sd tiong ngodc don la sai tieu chuan mdu.
Bang 1 cho thay, ty le tang khdi lupng ciia mlu gd duoc xu ly boi hdn hgp keo nhua thdng - axit boric cao hon so vdi gd chi duoc xir ly bdi axit boric don le. Di^u nay cho thay keo nhua thdng khong lam anh hudng ddn kha nang tham thau cua dung dich tam vao trong gd. Khi ndng do dung dich keo nhua
thdng tang tir 1% d^n 4% M lugng hda chat di chuyen vao vl ton tai trong gd nhidu hon. Ket qua nay hoan toan tuong dong vdi ket qua tinh toan lugng thudc tham vao trong gd da dugc cdng bd trong nghien ciiu trudc day [9].
3.2. DO hiit & i ciia gd
Ham lugng am can bing (EMC) cua mlu gd tam vdi hdn hgp keo nhua thdng va axit boric dugc trinh bay d-hang 2.
Bang 2. K^t qua ki^m tra h ^ lugng am (EMC) cua m l u gd Duong dugc xu 1^ bdi dimg dich keo nhtea
thdng-boron Che dp ngam
tam 4%R+3%BA 2%R + 3%BA 1%R + 3%BA 3«BA Control
EMC (%) 10,25 (0,15)"
10.88 (0,17) 11.05 (0,42) 11.69 (0.18) 11,20 (0.23)
Miic hien thi'"
A B BC
D C Ghi chu: *Sd tiong ngoac don la sai tieu chuan miu. "Cac ki tu gidng nhau the hi$n su khac nhau khong dang ke gida cac nhom khi su dung hem dinh One-way Anova dmucy nghia a^O.OS.
Bang 2 cho thay tat ca cac mlu gd duoc xu ly deu anh hudng den kha nang hut am cua gd. Ddi vdi mlu khdng xii ly, binh quan ham luong am can hang la 11,20%, nhung ham lugng am can bing cua mlu g6 dugc xir ly vdi axit boric dat tdi 11,69%. Tuy nhien, ham lugng am ciia mau go sau khi dugc xir ly hdi hdn hop cua keo nhua thdng va axit boric da giam xudng rd ret Binh quan ham lugng am can bang cua gd dugc xir ly bdi 3% axit boric ket hgp vdi 1%, 2%
hoac 4% keo nhua thdng hiong ling la 11,05%, 10,88%
va 10,25%. K6t qua cung cho thay ring kha nang chdng am ciia gd tang len khi ndng do keo nhua thdng SLf dung tang len. Dieu nay la do ban than keo nhua thdng cd kha nang ky nude rat tdt. Khi ndng do keo nhua thdng tang len, lugng keo nhua thdng tham vao ben trong cac khoang te bao gd nhi^u hon, tir do lam giam kha nang hut am cua go [6-9]. Tuy nhien, ket qua phan tich phuong sai Anova (Bang 2) cho thay, so vdi gd khdng xu ly hoac gd chi xu ly boi axit boric thi gd dugc xu ly bdi keo nhua thong da giam dang ke kha nang hiit am cua gd. Khi ket hgp 1% va 2% dung dich keo nhua thdng vdi 3% axit boric thi ham lugng am can bang ciia gd thay ddi khdng dang ke. Tuy nhien, khi sir dung 4% dung dich keo nhua NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 6/2020 139
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
thdng k^t hgp vdi axit bone de xir ly gd thi ham lugng am can bing cua gd da giam dang ke so voi cac xir ly khac.
Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, sir dung ket hgp keo nhua thdng va axit boric cd the giam dugc kha nang hiit am ciia gd, gdp phin nang cao do on dmh kich thudc cua gd va nong do keo nhua thdng cang cao thi kha nang chdng am cua gd clng ldn.
3.3. DO hiit nu6c vA hiOu qua ch6ng t h ^ nude ciiag5
Ket qua ki^m tra do hiit nude cua mlu gd dugc xir ly bdi keo nhua thdng k^t hgp vdi axit boric dugc do o cac thdi di^m khac nhau the hien d- hinh 2.
260 1 240 • 220 • 200
^ 0 i € 0 • ,«10 •
?20 • 100 • 80 '
fy^^,-^^—^^ —•—Control
P -•-l%R+3%
\ BA
' 5 l%ho^iag<igaS(n|S,) =5
da giam dang ke. Hon nOfa, khi ndng dp keo nhua tiidng tang len thi kha nang hiit nude cua gd xir ly cang giam. Dieu nay la do su cd mat ciia keo nhua thdng. K^t qua chup SEM da cho thay, sau khi dugc ngam tam vao ti-ong cac mlu gd, cac phan tii nhua thdng tich tu ben h-ong khoang t^ bao va tao thinh mdt lop mang bao phu len b^ mat vach te bao gd (Hinh 3). Khi ndng do tang len thi cang nhieu phan tii keo nhua thdng tich hi hen h-ong cac khoang te bao, tao ndn mdt rao can vat ly va co hpc can tro su di chuyen cua cac phan tu nude [5 - 6, 9], tir dd lam giam kha nang tham thau ciia nude vao trong vach t^
bao gd.
Bang 3. NSng li;rc hiit nude (WA) vk hlOu q u i chdng t h ^ nudrc (WRE) ciia g6 Duong dugc xir Ij^ b6i nhi;ra
thOng-boron sau khi b5o hda vdd nu6c
Hinh 2. Sv thay d6i ndng li;ic hiit nude cua mlu ddi chiing v^ m i u g5 dugc xu 1^ vdi keo nhua thdng-
boron trong qu^ trinh ngdm nude (%) Hinh 2 cho thay, tat ca cac mlu gd kiem tra ke ca mlu ddi chiing va mlu gd da xir ly, trong 8 ngly dau ngam nude, tdc dp hiit nude cua cac man gd d^u r i t nhanh, ve sau tdc dp da giam din. Day cd the la do ban dau nude da xam nhap rat nhanh vao cac khoang trdng trong ruot td bao, theo thdi gian nhung khoang trdng trong mdt te bao nay se giam dan, vi thd tdc dp hiit nude cua go se giam din theo thdi gian. Tuy nhien, tdng ca qui trinh ngam nude, tdc dp hiit nude ciia gd dupe xir ly hdi hdn hgp keo nhua thdng - axit boric deu cham hon gd khdng xii ly va gd chi diing axit boric d^ xu ly (Hinh 2). Sau 30 ngay ngam nude, tdng lugng nude hiit bdi mlu ddi chiing la 225,4% va khi mlu gd dugc xir ly bdi axit boric, do hiit nude cua gd cdn cao hon, dat 242,5%. Ket qua cung tirong ddng vdi cac nghien ciiu trudc day [1, 14]. Tuy nhien, kha nang hiit nude cua gd sau khi dugc xii ly bdi hdn hgp nhua thdng - boron chi trong khoang hi 168 -195% (Bang 3). so vdi gd khdng xii ly
Ch^dg ngamt^m Control 3%BA 1%R+3%BA 2%R+3%BA 4% R+3% BA
WA(?6) 225,40 (7.97)' 242,50 (e.OS)' 195,47 (8,51)' 194,74 (7,66)' 168,49 (7,42)"
WRE
(%)
-7,59 13,28 13,60 25,25 Ghi chu: Chi sd Uen cua cac gia tri trung binh b-ong ding mgtcdtcd cac kl tu gidng nhau the hiin su khac nhau khdng dang ke khi su dung kiem dinh One-way Anova dmucy nghia 5%.
Hieu qua chong tham nuoc cua g6 (WRE) sau 30 ngay ngam nuoc duoc the hien trong bang 3. Nang luc hiit nude cua g6 cang thap thi kha nang chong thaim nuoc cua g6 cang cao. Tir l<et qua trong bang 3 cho thay, g6 Duong sau khi duoc xir ly boi keo nhtra thong k^t hop voi axit boric da lam giam dang ke nang luc hiit nuoc ciia gb va lam tang kha nang chdng tham nuoc ciia gd. Khi nong do keo nhua thong ket hop axit bone lang len thi kha nang chong tham cua gd co xu huong tang len. Vol nong do ciia keo nhua thong su dung la 1% thi kha nang chong tham nuoc cua ga la 13,28%, nhung nong do tang len den 4% thi kha ning chdng tham cua go dat den 25,26%. Kdt qua phan tich phuong sai Anova (bang 3) cung cho thay: so vdi mlu gd khdng xu ly, tat ca cac mau gd duoc xu ly boi axit boric don le hay ket hop vol keo nhua thdng deu anh huong den nang luc hiit nude ciia gd. Tuy nhien. khdng cd su khac biM rd rang vt kha nang hiit nude ciia gd khi xii ly bdi 1%
hoac 2% keo nhua thdng ket hop vdi axit boric. Kdt
140 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY I - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG N G H £
qua da cho thay, khi ket hgp dung dich keo nhua thdng va axit boric d^ xu ly cho gd Duong da lam giam ding k^ kha nang hiit nude cua gd, tir dd cai thien hieu qua chdng tham nude cua gd.
a) h) c) Hinh 3. Hmh anh SEM cua mlu gd Duong dugc xii
ly boi nhua thdng-boron a- Bdi chung; b- S%BA; c- 2%R-hS%BA 3.4. Tf 1§ truang na va hieu quS ch6ng truong ncV Ket qua do ty Id truong no' theo chi^u hep tuyen, xuyen tam va the tich cua mlu gd da xu ly va khdng xir ly sau khi ngam trong nuac 30 ngay dugc the hien d hinh 4.
The tich
Hinh 4. K^t qud ki^m tra miic dg huong no cua mlu gh dugc xii ly bdi dung dich keo nhua thdng don le hay k^t hgp vdi axit boric sau khi bao hda vdi nude Hinh 4 cho thay, sau khi k^t hpp axit boric vdi cac ndng do khac nhau cua dung dich keo nhua thdng thi kha nang harong nd' ciia gd cung dupe cai thien d' cac miic dd khac nhau. Sau 30 ngay ngam nude, hung binh ty le truong nd tiieo chidu xuyen tam, ti^p hiy^n va the tich cua m l u gd khdng xu ly hrong ling la 6.64%, 8,65% va 16,25%. Vl khi chi diing axit boric de xir ly thi ty Id truong nd theo chidu xuyen tam, tiep tuyen va the tich cua gd phan biet la 6.94%, 9,02% va 16,8%. Tuy nhien, khi diing keo nhua thdng k^t hgp vdi axit bone de xir iy thi ty le huong
nd cua gd theo chieu xuyen tam chi trong khoang 4,86% - 5,64%; theo chidu tiep tuyen la 6,06% -7,48% va theo the tich la 11,29% -12,57%. So vdi gd khdng xii ly hoac gd chi dugc xii ly bdi axit boric thi gd sau khi duoe xu ly hdi hon hgp keo nhua thdng - boron da lam giam dang ke ty le truang n a cua gd. Di4u nay la do dudi tac dung cua chan khdng ap lire, hdn hop keo nhua thdng-boron da di chuyen vao ben b-ong gd va tich tu ben trong cac khoang te hao, lam han che kha nang tham hut nude cua gd va han che dugc su bien doi kich thudc theo cac chieu cung nhu ty le truong no cua gd, tir dd nang cao dupe kha nang 6n dinh kich thude cua gd. Ket qua d hinh 4 cung cho thay, khi ndng dp cua keo nhua thdng tang len thi ty le truong no ciia gd cung cd xu hudng giam xudng va kha nang on dinh kich thudc ngay cang tang len. Tuy nhien, tir ket qua phan tich phuong sai Anova (Bang 4) cho thay: So vdi gd khdng xu ly hoac chi dugc xu ly hdi axit boric, ty le truang nd theo chieu tiep tuyen, xuyen tam va theo the tich cua cac mau gd dugc xii ly hdi keo nhua thdng ket hpp vdi axit boric, da giam rd ret. Tuy nhien, khong cd su khac biet ve ty le truong nd cua gd chi xii ly bdi axit boric so vdi gd khdng dupe xu ly va cung khong cd su khac biet giira cac ndng dp keo nhua thdng (1%, 2% va 4%) khi ket hpp vdi axit bone. Ket qua da cho thay, sii dung ket hgp keo nhua thdng - boron d^ xir ly gd Duong da giam dang k^ kha nang truong no* cua gd. Tuy nhien, ndng dp keo nhua thdng sir dung trong nghien ciiu nay anh hudng khdng dang ke den kha nang truang no- cua gd.
Ket qua tinh toan hieu qua chdng truong nd (ASE) cila mlu gd xir ly duoc tdng hgp h-ong hang 4.
Bang 4 cho thly, khi chi dimg axit boric de xir ly cho gd Duong, hieu qua chdng truang no cua gd theo chidu xuyen tam, ti^p tuyen va the tich phan hiet la 4,49%, 4,26% va -3,36%. Dieu nay cho tiiay, chi dimg axit boric de xii ly cho gd da lam giam kha nang chdng truang nd cua gd. Tuy nhien, m l u gd sau khi dugc xir ly vdi hdn hgp keo nhua thong- boron, hieu qua chdng truong n a cua gd theo chi^u xuyen tam dat tir 15% - 26%, theo chieu hep tuyein dat 13% -30% va theo the tich dat tii 22% - 30%. Kdt qua nay cho thay, sit dung ket hgp keo nhua thdng va axit boric de xir ly cho gd cd the giam thieu kha nang dan nd' ctia go do hiit am, hiit nude trong qua trinh su dung, hi dd nang cao dupe dp dn dinh kich thudc cua gd.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 • THANG 6/2020
Bang 4. Anh hudng
Dung dich xuly Control 3%BA 1%R+3%BA 2%R+3%BA 4% R+3% BA
KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 N G H E
ciia vide xiil^ keo nhua thdng-boron ddn dd dn djnh kich thudc cua gd Duong sau khi Tytetrmmend(%)
Xuyen tam 6.64' 6.94' 5.64"' 5.03"
4.86"
Tiep tuyen
s.es'
9,02'' 7,48"' 6,86"
6,06'
The tich 16,25=
16,80<
12.57' 12.28' 11,29"
ASE (%) Xuyen tam
.
-4.49 15,02 24.18 26.77
Tiep hiyen 4.26 13.47 20,68 30.00
The tich -3.36
-
22,67 24,42 30,52 4.KETLUliN
G6 Duong sau khi dugc xir ly ngam tam vdi dung dich keo nhua thdng ket hgp vdi axit boric cd chat lugng dugc cai thidn dang ke tiiong qua cac chi tieu nhu: Kha nang hiit am, hiit nude cung nhu kha nang truang na cua gd dugc xu ly bdi hdn hpp dung dich keo nhua thdng-boron da giam rd ret so vdi gd khdng xir ly, dong thdi da tang hieu qua chdng hiit nude va hieu qua chdng truong no cua gd ldn tuong ling khoang 25% va 30% sau khi ngam trong nuoe 30 ngay. Ndng dd keo nhua thdng tang len thi hieu qua chdng hiit nude va chdng tiuong nd' ciia gd cung tang len. K^t qua da cho thay. su dung hdn hop dung dich keo nhua thdng vdi axit boric de ngam tam gd gdp phan cai thidn dd dn dmh kich thude ciia gd.
LOI CAM ON
Tac gia chin thanh cam on suhd tiocua Trudng Dai hoc Lam nghiep va Quy phat triSn Khoa hoc &
Cdng nghe Qudc gia Viet Nam (Nafosted) ma sd 106.99-2018.16
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Baysal E, Sonmez A, Colak M, Toker H (2006). Amount of leachant and water absorption levels of wood treated with borates and water repellents. Bioresource Technology. 97: 2271-9.
2. Kdse Ck, Terzi E, Kartal SN. Erilkun B, Imamura Y (2011). Prelimmary evaluation of boron release and biological resistance of wood treated with disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and a water-repellent compound. African Joumal of Biotechnology. 10 (10):1833-1839.
3. Lesar B, Budija F. Kralj P, Petn"c M, Humar M (2012). Leaching of boron from wood unpregnated with preservative solutions based on boric acid and liquefied wood. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 70: 365-367.
4. Nguyen T. T. H.. U S., U J. (2012). Effects of water-home rosm on the fixation and decay
resistance of copper-based preservative ti-eated wood, Bioresources, 7 (3): 3573-3584.
5. Nguyen T. T. H., Li S., Li J., UangT. (2013a).
Micro-distribution and fixation of a rosm-based micronized-copper preservative in poplar wood.
Intemational Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 83:
63-70.
6. Nguyen T. T. H.. U S., U J. (2013b). The combined effects of copper sulfate and rosin sizmg agent treatment on some physical and mechanical properties of poplar wood. Construction and Buildmg Materials 40: 33-39.
7. Nguyen Thi Thanh Hien and U Shujun (2017).
Effects of Rosin Sizing Agent on the Fixation of Boron in Styrax tonkinensis Wood, Advances in Biochemistiy, 5 (4): 67-72.
8. Nguyen Thi Thanh Hien and Tran Van Chu (2018). Effects of Rosm sizing agent on the dimensional stabiUty of Styrax tonkinensis wood.
Joumal of Forestry Science and Technology. No.5- 2018,136-143.
9. Nguyen Thi Thanh Hien etal. (2020). Effects of Rosin-Alummum Sulfete Treatinent on the Leachability, Color Stability and Decay Resistance of Wood Treated with a Boron-Based Preservative.
BioResources. 15 (1); 172-186.
10. Sen S, Tascioglu C, Tuak K (2009). Fbtation, leachabihty, and decay resistance of wood h-eated with some commercial extracts and wood preservative salts, hitemational Biodeterioration &
Biodegradation. 63:135 - 41.
11. Temiz A, Alfredsen G, Eikenes M. Terziev N (2008), Decay resistance of wood ti-eated with boric acid and tall oil derivates. Bioresource Technology 99: 2102-2106.
12. Tomak ED, Viitanen H. Yiidiz UC. Hughes M (2011). The combined effects of boron and oil heat 142 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
treatment on the properties of beech and Scots pme 14. Yahnkihc, M. K. (2000). Improvement of wood. Part 2: Water absorption, compression Boron Immobihty m the Borate-freated Wood and strength, color changes, and decay resistance. J. Composite Materials [Ph.D. Thesis], Kyoto Mater Sci. 46:608-15. University, Kyoto, Japan.
13. Yao X., Zheng L. (2000). Development potential of rosin sizing agent. Chemical Technology Market, 10; 21.
EFFECTS OF THE COMBINED ROSIN SIZING AGENT-BORON TREATMENT ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POPLAR WOOD
Nguyen Thi Tiianh Hien\ Tran Nho Qpyel?
^ Vietnam National University of Forestry
^Northeast Forestry University, China Summary
Rosin is a natural product, it has a good hydrophobic character, and human-friendly. In this study, poplar wood (Populus ussunensis Komo) treated with mixtures of 3% boric acid and 1.0%, 2.0% or 4.0% rosin sizing agents. Furthermore, the effects of the combination of rosin sizmg agent and boric acid on some physical properties of wood such as moisUire absorption, water absorption, and swelling properties of wood before and after treated were also evaluated. The results indicated that the poplar wood after treated with the mixture of rosin sizing agent-boron significantly decreased the moisture absorption, water absorption and swelling properties of wood, whilst increasing water repellent efficiency and anti-swelling efficiency to approximately 25% and 30% respecUvely, after 30-day immersion in water compared to unfreated wood. The water-repellent efficiency and anti-swelling efficiency of wood increased with increasing the concentration of rosin sizing agents. This result showed also that the use of rosm sizing agents combined with boric acid to impregnate poplar wood could reduce swelling of wood due to water/moisture absorption during use and contribute to the increased dimensional stability of wood.
Keywords: Dimensional stability, water absorption, poplar wood, anO-swellmg eBciency, rosm -boron.
Ngu6i phan bien: PGS.TS. Nguyto Thi Bich Nggc Ngiy nhan bai: 6/4/2020
Ngdy Ihong qua phan bi^n: 6/5/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: 13/5/2020
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 6 / 2 0 2 0 143
