Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tu nhien va Cong nghe. Tgp 30, S6 4 (2014) 30-39
Buac diu nghien cuu cac kieu tham thuc vat tai Khu bao ton thien nhien Ngoc Son, Ng5 Luong, tinh Hoa Binh
Phung VanPhe\D6 AnhTuan^,Nguyin TrungThanh^*
' Vien Cdng nghi sinh hoc Lam nghiep. Trudng Dgi hgc Ldm ngbi?p. Xudn Mai. Hd Ngi 'Khoa Ldm hoc. Trudng Dgi hgc Ldm nghiep, Xudn Mai, Hd Npi. Viit Nam
^Khoa Sinh hgc, Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien, DHQGHN, 334 Nguyin Trdi, Hd Ngi. Vi^t Nam Nhan ngay 3 thang 11 nam 2014
Chinh sua ngay 09 thang 12 nam 2014; Chip nhan dang ngay 26 Ih^ng 12 nam 2014
Tom t i t : Bai bao gioi thieu kit qua nghien cihi so bp tham thitc vat cua Khu bao ton thien nhifin Ngpc Son, Ngo Luong, tinh Hoa Bmh. Nghien cuu chi ra rang tham thuc vat ciia Khu bao tdn ducfc phan loai va ra6 ta thanh 8 ph§n quIn he ciia 6 quan he, bao gdra: (1) quan hfi rimg kin thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi dat thip uen da voi, (2) quan he rung kin thudng xanh mua mua nhiet ddi niii thdp Uen da v6i. (3) quan he rimg thua thucmg xanh mira miia nhiet ddi dat thSp uSn dat dia ddi, (4) quan he trang c^y bui chu yeu thucmg xanh mua miia nhiet ddi cay 1^ rSng d dSt thdp va niii thap tren dat dia ddi, (5) quan he trang co dang Ida thap c6 cay bui, khdng c6 ciy go, (6) quan he trang co cao khong dang liia chu yeu song lau nam. Trong do, quan he rirag kin thudng xanh mira mua nhiSt ddi dat thap tten da voi co 2 phan quan he. (i) rimg kin M rdng thudng xanh ddt thdp Ufin da v6i bi tac dong nhe, (ii) riing kin la iBng thudng xanh ddt thdp u§n &i vdi bi t^c dpng vua din mgnh; qudn he rung kin thudng xanh mua miia nhiSt ddi niii thdp USn dd vdi cd 2 phan quan he: (iii) rimg kin la rdng thudng xanh niii thdp trSn da vdi hi tdc ddng nhe, (iv) riing kfn la rong thudng xanh niii thap uen dd vdi bi tac dong mgnh; quan he rung thua thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi dat thip tren dat dia ddi cd 2 phan quan he: (v) rimg thua Id rong thudng xanh ddt thap sau khai thac, (vi) rimg thua la rong thuong xanh dat thdp sau nuong rly; quan hS uang c3y byi chu yeu thudng xanh mua mua nhiet ddi cay la rong d ddt Uidp va niii thdp trSn ddt dia ddi cd 1 phan quan he: (vii) trang cay bin chii yeu thudng xanh cd cay gd hai I^ mam rai rdc, quan he trang cd cao khdng dang Ida chii yeu sdng 13u nam cd 1 phan quan he: (viii) trang cd cao thudc hp Gung, trang Cd lao. Quan hS rimg kin thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi dat thap Uen dd v6i vd qudn he rung kin thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi ndi thdp uen da voi chiem dien tich Idn nhdt, phan bd d tat ca 7 xa ciia fdiu bao ton, riing thudng cd cau tnic 2-3 tang cay go.
Titkhoa: Khu bao tdn thien nhien, Ngpc Son, Ngo Luong, tham thuc vat.
l . B ? t v a n d 6 dinh s6 27I4/(2D-UB, ngay 28 thang 12 nam 2004 d i a IJy ban Nhan dan tinh Hoa Binh, nSm Khu Bao tdn thien nhien (BTTN) Ngoc Uen dia ban ciia cac xa T u Do, Ngpc Son, NgQC Son, Ngo Luong dugc thanh lap theo Quydt Lau, mot phdn xa Tan M J huyen Lac Scm va xa Nam Son, Bac Son, Ngo Ludng huyen TSn Lac,
"Tac gia ben he. DT. 84- 914373627 each trung tam thi u d n Vu Ban, huyen L a c Scm Email: [email protected] 12 k m ve phia ddng bac, each thanh phd Hoa
P.V. Phi vd nnk. / Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tic nhiin vd Cdng nghi Tgp 30. So 4 (2014) 30-39 31
Binh 80 km, cd tdng di^n U'ch tu nhien la 19.254 ha [1]. Khu bao t6n ndm Uong viing khi h^u nhi^t ddi gid miia, cd dp cao khoang 200 - 1.400 m so vdi mirc nude bien, duac che phii hau het bdi he sinh thai rimg kin thudng xanh mua mua nhiet ddi tren niSi da voi, nam d phSn giiia cCia viing canh quan da vdi F*ii Luong - Cdc Phucmg, la nod cd tinh da dang sinh hoc cao, luu giii nhieu ngudn gen dong thuc vat nguy cap, bi de dpa tuy?t chung d cap Qudc gia.
Ngoai ra, Khu bao tdn cdng la noi cd 5' nghTa sinh hoc quan Ugng Uong cdng tdc bao tdn mau chuan he sinh thai rimg U6n ndi dd vdi, phuc vu nghien cuu khoa hgc, phdng hp va bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai canh quan Uong khu vuc.
Tuy nhien, tai nguyen da dang sinh hpc Uong Khu bao tdn dang bj de dpa nghiSm Uong bdi siic ep tir cong ddng dan cu dia phuong vdi nhung tac dgng d nhieu cdp do khac nhau. Vi vay, nghien cim danh gid cac kieu tham thuc v^t lam CO sd cho cdng tdc quan 15', bao tdn da dang sinh hpc va sir dung ben viing ngudn t^
nguyen thien nhien cd uong khu vuc la rat can thilt.
2. Doi tirgng va phuong phap nghien cihi 2.1. Ddi tugng vd thai gian nghiin cuu
Ddi tUQTig nghign cdu la tham thuc v^t rimg d Khu BTTN Ngoc Son, Ngd Ludng, tinh Hda Binh. Thai gian nghiSn cdu Uong cac nam 2007 -2012.
2.2. Phucmg phdp nghien cuu
- Thu th3p s6 li?u: dugc thuc hien theo cac phuong phdp nghign cuu ke thira tai li?u [2], diSu Ua thuc vat Uen tuyen va d tieu chuan dugc md ta theo cac tai li?u [3, 4].
- Xu ly so li^u: Tdn khoa hpc cdc loai cay dugc xac djnh b3ng phuong phdp hinh thai so sanh theo cac tai lifu [5-7]. Phan loai tham thyc vat dugc th\rc hien theo Khung phan lo^i tham thuc vdt cua UNESCO (1973) [8], da dugc Phan K I Loc van d\ing vao Viet Nam (1985) [9]. Mo ta cdc kidu tham thuc vat theo Richards (1996), Thai Van Trimg (1999) [10, II].
3. Ket qua ngbien cuu 3.1. Thdm thuc vdt tif nhien
3.1.1. Qudn he rimg kin thudng xanh mua mua nhiet ddi ddt thdp trin dd voi
+ Phan quan he 1: Rimg kin la rSng thudng xanh dSt thap trSn da voi b{ tac dgng nhe
Kilu phu rimg nay phSn bd chii y6u d cdc day niii da vdi xa dan cu, cd dien tich kha rgng nhung khong liln khoanh ma thudng theo viing, theo dai thugc cac xa Nggc Son (phdn giap xa Tu Do vd Ngd Ludng), Tu Do (thung La Bdn, xdm Khay) d do cao khoang 500-700 m, riing cd 3 tdng cdy gd rd rSt.
- Tang Al (tdng vugt tdn): Day Id tdn tan cao nhdt, bao gdm nhieu cay gd to vdi do cao khodng tir 30-35 m. Cac loai cdy chii yeu d tang tan nSy la Pometia pinnata, Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis, Excentrodendron tonkinense, Garcinia fagraeoides, Ficus sp., Aglaia sp.
Loai Anogeissus acuminata ciing xuat hien d tdng nay. Mdt sd loai it xuat hien hem Id Beilschmiedia sp., Dimocarpus fumatus, Heritiera macrophyila, Sterculia lanceolata, Bischofia javanica, Diospyros sp., Dracontomelon duperreaitu. Mpt sd cdy cua cdc loai Anogeissus acuminata. Pometia pinnata, Aglatas sp. cd thi dat chilu cao tdi 40- 50 m vdi dudng kinh ngang nguc dat tdi 1,5 m.
34 P-V. Phe vd nnk. / Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tu nhiin vd Cong nghf, Tdp 30. SS 4 (2014) 30-39
Aglaia sp., Heritiera macrophyila, Pterospermun heterophyllum, Sterculia lanceolata, Diospyros spp.
- Tdng A3 (tdng tdn trung gian): Chilu cao trung binh ciia cay gd d tang nay vao khoang 5-
10 m vdi dudng kinh trung binh vao khoang 10- 20 cm. Cac cay d tdng nay do khd thua va tan nhd nen hinh thanh nen mdt tdng tdn khong lien tuc vdi dp tan che vao khodng 30-45%. Tucmg tu tdng A2, hai lodi Streblus macrophyllus va Saraca dives la uu the nhdt ciia tdng rimg nay.
Nhieu loai cay thugc cac ho Aimonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae, Ebenaceae, Mimosaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae va Theaceae cung xuat hi|n d tdng nay. Ngoai ra, mdt s6 cay chua trudng thanh ciia cac loai d tang A2 ciing cd mat d tdng ndy nhu Aglaia sp., Heritiera macrophyila, Pterospermun heterophyllum, v.v.
- Tdng B (tdng cdy bifi): Chieu cao trang binh ciia tdng cay bui vao khoang 1.5-5 m va dp che phu vao khoang 10-30%. 6 tdng nay chu ySu la cdc loai thupc cdc hp Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrsinaceae, Sapindaceae, v.v. Cac lodi cdy chiem uu the d tdng nay la Breyma fruticosa, Claoxylon hainanense, Glochidion hirsutum, Melastoma spp. Streblus laxiflorus, Ardisia quinquegona. Maesa spp., Zanthoxylum avicenniae, Laportea spp., Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Kibatalia macrophyila, Kibatalia laurifolia.
• Tdng C (tdng thdm tuai): Chieu cao ciia Idp tham tuoi thudng dudi 1,5 m va mat dp bien ddng phu thupc vao do am noi moc. Nhiing noi am, Idp tham tuoi phdt trien manh do che phii cd chd tren 70%, ngugc lai d sudn khd va cac vdch dd dung diing dp che phu rat thdp (<
10%). Cdc loai thuc vat thudng dugc quan sat thay d tdng nay Id Aglaonema sp., Alpinia sp., Ardisia sp.. Begonia spp., Ophiopogon sp..
Strobilanthes sp.. Piper spp., Dichroa spp., Alocasia sp., Homalomena occulta. Polygonum barbatum., va mgt sd loai duong xi nhu Adiantum spp., Cyclosorus sp., Diplasium sp., Pteris ensiformis, Pleris sp., Teciaria spp. vd Thelypteris sp.
- Thifc vdt ngogi tdng: Mirc do da dang vd m^t do cua cac lodi thuc vat bieu sinh cd quan he chat che vdi dp dm Uong rimg. Trdn cdc vach da ddc va kho rdt ft xuat hien nhdm thuc vat nay. Tuy nhien a nhung thung liing dd dm udt thi xudt hien khd nhieu. Chung mpc thdnh dam tren than vd tdn cdc cay go. Nhieu loai phong lan va duong xi xuat hi$n d kieu rimg nay: {Asplenium nidus, Asplenium sp., Pyrrosia adnascens, Pyrrosia sp., Drynaria fortune).
Cdy bam dd Id mgt dang sdng quan Ugng, mpt thanh phdn sinh thai cOa kieu rimg thudng xanh Uen niii da vdi. Cd mdt sd loai dugc phdt hi$n nhu: Adiantum spp.. Begonia spp., Pothos sp., Pyrrosia adnascens va Pyrrosia sp. Co nhilu loai day leo ciing xudt hi^n d kilu rimg nay.
Dien hinh nhu: Bauhinia sp., Caesalpinia sp..
Dalbergia sp., Entada phaseoloides, Jasminum sp., Smilax spp,, Strichnos sp. va mgt so lo^
thupc cac hg Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Fabaceae, Menispermaceae va Rubiaceae.
3.1.2. Qudn hi rimg kin thudng xanh mua mda nhiet ddi nui ihjp trin dd voi
+ Phdn qudn h? 3: Rung kin l& rpng thudng xanh niii thap tren da vdi bi tac dgng nhe
Kilu phu rimg nay phdn bd chu ylu uSn cdc dai niii dd d do cao Uen 700 m, d cac khu vgc xa khu dan cu, dia hinh phiic tap, khd tilp can de khai thac, hien con d mgt sd noi cua xa Ngpc Scm, Ngd Ludng.
- Tdng AI (tdng vugt tdn): bao gdm cdc loai cay go Idn vdi chieu cao tmng binh 25-30 m va dudng kinh cay trung binh 40-50 cm, dp tan che
P.V. Phe vd nnL / Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN. Khoa hpc Tu nhien vd Cong nghe. Tdp 30, So 4 (2014) 30-39 35
vdo khoang 20-30%. Cac loai cay chii yeu d tang nay la: Excentrodendron tonkinense, Pometia pinnata, Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis, Aphanamixis sp., Garcinia fagraeoides, Pterospennum iruncatolobatum, Heritiera macrophyila. Tuy nhifin a cdc noi khdng qud xa khu dan cu, sd lugng cdc cdy Excentrodendron tonkinense vd Garcinia fagraeoides giam mgnh do bi khai thdc qud miic.
- Tdng A2 (tdng tdn chinh): cac loai cay gd ciia tang rimg nay cd chieu cao Uung binh 15- 20 m va dudng kinh cay tmng binh vao khoang 25-40 cm. Dp tan che ciia tdng nay tii 30-60%.
Ngoai mgt sd lodi cay xuat hien d tdng vugt tan, cdn cd cdc loai nhu Acer tonkinense, Aglaia sp., Cinnamomum spp., Garcinia sp., Heritiera sp., Lithocarpus spp., Polyalthia sp., Sterculia sp., va mgt sd loai cay thugc cdc hg Anacardiaceae, Lauraceae va Meliaceae. Dac biet, d mpt sd diem cd quan sdt dugc qudn hgp Nageia wallichiana vd uu hgp Nageia wallichiana + Excentrodendron tonkinense.
- Tdng A3 (tdng tdn trung gian): Tang nay cd chieu cao tmng binh tir 6-15 m, dudng idnh cay trung binh 10-20 cm, dg tan che vao khoang 20-35%. Ngoai mpt sd loai cdy d cdc t^ng tren, cdn cd mdl sd loai thudc cac hg Araliaceae, Ebenaceae, Apocynaceae, Sterculiaceae, Magnoliaceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae. Cac loai xuat hi?n nhieu nhdt d tdng nay Id Schefflera sp..
Magnolia sp., Cinnamomum spp., Quercus sp., Camellia sp., Actinodaphne sp., Litsea balansae, Polyalthia sp., Pterospennum sp., Streblus macrophyllus va Syzygium sp.
- Tdng B (tdng cdy bui): Tang cay bui cao khoang 2-6 m vdi dp che phu vdo khodng 10- 25%. Cac lodi xuat hien nhieu nhat d tang nay la: Ardisia sp., Breynia sp., Carallia sp., Maesa sp, Dichroa spp., Callicarpa macrophyila,
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Psychotria rubra, Ficus simpUcissima, v.v.
- Tdng C (tdng thdm tucri): Tdng ndy cd dp che phu 5-20% va cd do cao trung binh 1,5-2 m. Cd nhilu loai cay than thao d tang nay.
Strobilanthes sp., Dichroa sp., va Centosteca latifolia la cdc loai chinh. Ngoai ra cdn cd mdt sd loai duong xi vd thuc vat bat cao khac nhu:
Adiantum sp., Cyathea sp., Pteris sp. Alpinia sp., Leea rubra, Costus tonkinensis, Curculigo latifolia, Ophiopogon spp.. Polygonum spp.
- Thirc vgt ngogi tdng: Cdc loai bieu sinh d kiSu phu a nhiSt ddi ndy khd da dang. Chung sdng Uen cdc than va d tdng tdn cay theo timg ddm. Cac lodi duong xi va phong lan thudng dugc thay d day, dac biet la cdc loai Asplenium nidus, Dendrobium sp., Drynaria bonii, Aglaomorpha coronans, Pyrrosia adnascens, Cymbidium iridioides, Dendrobium lindleyi.
Cac loai cay bam da vd day leo khdng nhieu.
Mdt sd loai thudng quan sat dugc la Begonia spp., Pothos spp., Bauhinia spp., Caesalpinia spp., Dioscorea spp.. Piper spp., Smilax spp., va mdt sd loai thupc cac hg Annonaceae, Fabaceae vd Vitaceae.
+ Phan quan h | 4: Riing kin la rdng thudng xanh niii thdp tren d^ vdi bj tdc ddng manh
Kieu phu nay cd the quan sat dugc d khu vuc xdm Ca va xdm Ludng ciia xa Ngd Ludng va hdu het cac vung mii da d cdc xa Nam Son va Bdc Son. Cdc lodi cay gd Icm, cd gia tti nhu Excentrodendron tonkinense, Garcinia fagraeoides da Ud nen rat khan hiem do bi khai thac qud miic. Rimg thudng cd ciu tnic hai tdng cay gd. Saraca dives vd Streblus macrophyllus Id hai loai cay uu the d kiSu phu rimg nay.
3.1.3. Qudn hi rung thua thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi ddt thdp trin ddt dia ddi
+ Phan quan h$ 5: Rimg thua la rong thudng xanh dat thap sau khai thac
36 P.V- Phi vd nnk. / Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hoc T(t nhiin vd Cong nghi Tgp 30. S6 4 (2014) 30-39
Kilu phu rimg nay bao gdm nhieu dam rimg thii sinh ngheo phdn tan tren nui ddt ho^c ddi ddt, do hoat dgng khai thac chpn, tap Uung chu ylu d cac xa Nam Scm, Bdc Son vd Ngd Ludng. cdu trdc rimg ciia kieu phu nay khd don gidn gdm I tdng cay go.
- Tdng cdy gd: bao gdm mdt sd loai cdy gd d nhilu cdp tuoi khdc nhau. Ngoai mdt sd cay gS Idn gid tri thdp cdn sdt 1^ nhu Anogeissus acummata, Ficus spp., 6 tdng nay tap trung chu yeu cdc loai cay uu sang thudc cac hg:
Euphorbiaceae, Clusiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Alangiaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Elaeocarpaceae. Cac loai phd bien nhdt Id Bridelia balansae, Endospermum chinense, Mallotus paniculatus, Sapium discolor, Ormosia pinnata, Castanopsis indica, Lithocarpus pseudosundaicus, Engelhardtia roxburghiana. Litsea balansae. Phoebe pallida, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Cratoxylum cochinchinense. Alangium chinense, Mallotus barbatus, Archidendron spp., Wendlandia paniculata, v.v.
- Tdng cdy bi^i: Tang nay chd yeu bao gdm cac loai cay thupc cac hp Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae, Rhamnaceae, v.v. Cac loai chii ylu la: Alchomea mgosa, Alchomea tiliifoUa, Breynia fruticosa, Glochidion hirsutum, Mallotus apelta, Helicteres angustifolia, Helicteres hirsuta, Helicteres lanceolaia, Sida rhombifolia, Urena lobata, Psychotria rubra, Ixora coccinea, Evodia lepta, Ziziphus oenoplia, .v.v.
- Tdng thdm tuai: Cdc lodi thuc vat chi'nh cua tang cay nay chu yeu thupc cac hp Poaceae, Asterceae, Schizaeaceae, Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae (Pteris spp., Lygodium spp., Christella parasitica, Chromolaena odorata, Cynodon dactylon, Chrysopogon aciculatus.
Centosteca latifolia).
- Thuc vdt ngogi tdng bao gom nhieu lodi thudc cdc hp Schizaeaceae, Convolvulaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Smilacaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Rubiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae. Vi du nhu: Lygodium conforme, Lygodium flexuosum, Lygodium polystachyum, Lygodium scandens, Lygodium japonicum, Meiremia hederacea, Merremia hederacea, Streptocaulon juvenias, Dioscorea spp., Smilax spp., Uncaria spp., Desmos chinensis, Desmos spp., v.v.
+ Phan qudn h$ 6: Riimg thua la rdng thudng xanh ddt thap sau nuung rly va lira rimg
Kilu phu rimg nay phdn bd d cac khu ddi va nui thdp gan cdc khu dan cu vdi dp tdn che khd thap khoang 40-50%. Rimg cd cdu true mdt tdng cay gd.
- Tdng cdy go: Tang rimg nay bao gdm cac loai cay ua sang, deu tudi, mpc nhanh, cd chieu cao trung binh vao khoang 6-10 m. Mdt sd loai di8n hinh nhu: Bridelia balansae, Endospermum chinense, Mallotus paniculatus, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Ormosia pinnata, Engelltardtia roxburghiana, Phoebe pallida, Litsea glutinosa, Cratoxylum cochitwhinense, Elaeocarpus griffithii, Cratoxylum pruniflorum, Sapium discolor, Euodia meliifolia, Alangium chinense, Aprosa spp., Pterospermun heterophyllum, Wendlandia paniculata, Mallotus barbatus, Antidesma montanum, Choerospondias axillaris. Toxicodendron succedanea, Litsea glutinosa, Archidendron spp., v.v.
- Tdng cdy bi^i: cac lodi cay chu yeu cd d tdng riing nay thupc cac hg thuc vat Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae, Theaceae, Thymelaeaceae, v.v. Dien hinh Id cac loai Alchomea rugosa, Alchomea tiliifoUa, Breynia fruticosa, Glochidion hirsutum, Mallotus
' vd nnL / Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tv nhiin vd Cdng nghe, Tgp 30, So 4 (2014) 30-39 37
apelta, Helicteres angustifolia, Helicteres hirsuta, Helicteres lanceolaia, Sida rhombifolia, Urena lobata, Psychotria rubra.
Ixora coccinea. Evodia lepta, Ziziphus oenoplia, Zanthoxylum avicenniae, Adinandra sp., Wikstroemia indica, v.v.
- Tdng thdm tuai: Tdng nay chii yeu bao gom cac loai cdy thudc cdc hg Poaceae, Asterceae, Schizaeaceae, Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae- Vi du nhu: Pteris spp..
Christella parasitica, Chromolaena odorata, Cynodon dactylon, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Centosteca latifolia, Saccharum spontaneum, Imperata cylindrica, Digitaria sp.
- Thuc vgt ngogi tdng: chii ylu cac lodi Lygodium conforme, Lygodium flexuosum, Lygodium polystachyutn, Lygodium scandens, Lygodium japonicum, Merremia hederacea, Merremia hederacea, Streptocaulon juventas.
Hinh 2. Rimg thua \i rgng thudng 3.1.4. Qudn hi trdng cdy bui chd yiu thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi cdy Id rgng a ddt thdp va niii thdp trin ddt dia ddi
+ Phan quan he 7: Trang cay bui chu ylu thirdng xanh co cay go hai la mam rai rac
Trdng cay bui nay cd khd nhieu d khu bdo tdn. Dd la kit qud cua qua Uinh tdc dgng lau dai, liSn tuc tir ddi nay qua ddi khac do cac hoat dgng ciia con ngudi nhu khai thac gd qud mirc, khai thac ciii thudng xuyen lien tuc, rdi chan thd trdu bd hay ddt nuo^g lam rly nhilu idn.
Cac lodi cay g5 d kieu phu ndy dugc tdi sinh vdi m|t do rdt thap. Cac lodi cay bui thudng thdy la Psychotria rubra, Sageretia theezans.
xanh dat thap sau nuong rly vd lua rimg
Helicteres angustifolia, Helicteres hirsuta, Sida rhombifolia, Ixora coccinea, Mallotus apelta, Zanthoxylum avicenniae, Melastoma spp., Canthium horridum, .v.v. Cac loai thyrc vat d Idp tham tuoi Id Christella parasitica, Chromolaena odorata, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Centosteca latifolia, Saccharum spontaneum, Imperata cylindrica, Digitaria sp, Cynodon dactylon. v.v. Mdt sd loai day leo tim thay Uong kieu phu ndy Id Lygodium conforme, Lygodium flexuosum, Lygodium polystachyum, Lygodium scandens, Merremia hederacea, Streptocaulon juventas, v.v.
38 P-V- fii^ va nnk. / Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tu nhiin vd Cong ngh?. Tap 30. Sd 4 (2014) 30-39
3.1.5. Qudn he trdng co dgng lua thdp cd cdy biii, khdng cd cdy go
Trdng cd d khu bao tdn ciing la ket qua ciia qua trinh tdc ddng ciia con ngudi nhu canh tac nuong ray, chan tha gia sue hay chdy rirag lap di lap lai nhieu Ian. Kieu thdm thuc vat nay thay xuat hien d tat ca cac xa Uong khu bdo tdn.
Ngudi ddn dia phuong thudng sii dung n h u Id tdi nguyen cdng dong phuc vy chu yeu de chdn tha gia siic. Cac loai thuc vat chu yeu Id cdc loai cd va mdt sd thuc vat than thao, cay bui, day leo thudc cac hp Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Verbenaceae, Stemonaceae. DiSn hinh n h u cac lodi:
Centosteca latifolia, Dactyloclenium aegyptyum, Imperata cylindricg Thysanolaena maxima, Erianthus arundinaceus, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Ageraium conyzoides, Elephantopus scaber, Elephantopus tomentosus. Emilia sonchifolia. Taraxacum sp., Stemona tuberosa, Clerodendrum sp., Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Desmodium spp., Stachylarpheta jamaicensis, v.v.
3.1.6. Qudn hi trdng cd cao khong dgng lua chu yiu sdng lau ndm
+ P h a n q u d n b e 8: T r a n g cd cao thupc hg G i m g , t r a n g Cd lao
Kieu phu thdm thuc vdt ndy thudng gap d chan ddi thdp, rai rac d mdt sd noi thupc cac xa Uong khu bdo tdn. Ci nhirng noi ddt khd chua, Chromolaena odorata thudng c h i l m uu t h i , xen Ian mpt sd lodi cay bui nhd, co va rang nhu:
Imperata cylindrica, Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Christella parasitica, Alpinia globosa, Canthium sp., v.v. Nhirng noi dm hon, mpt s6 cay hp Gimg nhu Amomum villosum, Alpinia spp. thudng c h i l m uu t h i , xen Idn mgt sd lodi n h u Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum conyzoides, Imperata cylindrica, Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Christella parasitica, Alocasia sp., Costus speciosus, v.v.
3.2. Tlidm thuc vdt nlian tgo
Rimg Uong d Khu bao tdn la do ngudi dan t u trdng hoac do cac d u an tai \i<3 n h u D u an trdng rimg P A M , D u an 327, D u dn 6 6 1 . Bach dan vd keo Id cac loai cay chii yeu d u g c lira chgn u o n g rimg d khu vuc. Dien U'ch rimg Udng cdn ft, tap trung chii yeu d xa Ngpc Lau.
Gdn day ngudi dan dia phucmg tien hdnh Udng thSm mpt so dien tfch rimg Ue nua, n h u d xa Ngd Ludng.
L d i ciim o n
Cac tdc gia xin chdn thdnh cam on Ban quan IJ Khu Bdo tdn thien nhien Nggc Son, Ngd Ludng, tinh Hda Binh da tao mgi dieu kien Uong sudt qua trinh nghien cuu, dieu tta, thu m l u .
T a i lieu t h a m k h a o
[1] Ban quan ly Khu Bao t6n thien nhiln Ngpc Son, Ngd Luong, Bio cao danh giS nhu cau bao i6n ciia Khu Bdo ton thiSn nhien Ngpc Son - Ngfi Luong, tinh H6a Binh, 2010.
[2] Nguyen Quang Hieu, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, Nguyen Van Tap, Nguyen Sinh Khang, Pham Van The and Nguyen Tien Vinh, Botanical survey for potential taxa in Ngoc Son, Ngo Luong Nature Reserve, Hoa Binh Province, Center for Plant Conservation, Hanoi, Vielnam, 2011.
[3] Nguyin Nghia Thin, Nguyin Thanh NhSn, Da dang ihirc vat Vudn Quoc gia Pii Mat, Nxb. Nong nghiep. Ha Npi, 2004.
[4] Do Anh Tuan, Phung Van Phe, Nguyen Van Huy.
Nguyen Due Manh, Servey Report on Forest Types Servey of Ngoc Son-Ngo Luong Nature Reserve, Ngoc Son, Ngo Luong Project 2008.
[5] Nguyen Tien Ban (chu bien), Danh luc ci.c loai thirc v^it Viet Nam, T^ip 2-3, Nxb. Nong nghiep.
Ha Npi, 2003-2005.
[6] Phgm Hoang Hp, Cay co Vi^t Nam, QuyIn 1-3, Nxb. Tre, Tp. Ho Chi Mmh, 1999-2003.
[7] Trung tam nghien ciiu T^ nguySn \k M3i trudng - Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Vien Sinh thai \k Tai nguySn sinh vat - Vi?n Khoa hpc vk Cong ngh?
P. V. Phe vd nnk. / Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN. KIwa hpc T\r nhien vd Cong nghe. Tap 30, SS 4 (2014) 30-39 39
Viet Nam, Danh lye cic loai thuc v^t Viet Nam, phSn logi iham th^rc vgt Vift Nam, Tap chi Sinh Tip 1, Nxb, Nong nghiep, HaNpi, 2001. hpc, 7(4) (1985) 1.
[8] UNESCO, International classification and [10] Richards, P.W., Tropical rain forest (2nd mapping of vegetation, Paris, 1973. edition), Cambride University Press, 1996.
[9] Phan Ke Lpc, Vgn dyng bang phan l o ^ diam [11} Thai V5n Trimg, Nhimg he sinh ihai rimg nhiet thyc vat ciia UNESCO (1973) de xay dirag khung ddi Viet Nam, Nxb. Khoa hoc & KJ* thuft, TP H6
Chf Minh. 1999.
Preliminary Study on Forest Vegetation Types in Ngoc San, Ngo Luong Nature Reserve, Hoa Binh Province
College of Forestry Biotechnology, Vietnam Forestry University, Xudn Mai, Hanoi, Viemam 'Faculty of Silviculture, Viemam Forestry University, Xudn Mai, Hanoi. Vietnam Faculty of Biology. VNU University ofScience, 334 Nguyen Trdi, Hanoi. Viemam
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a preliminary research on vegetation types of Ngpc Son, Ngd Ludng nature neserve, Hda Binh province. The results of this research indicate that vegetation of the studied area can be classified and characterized by eight major subformations, belonging to six formations, including: (I) Uopical evergreen seasonal lowland forest on limestone, (2) tropical evergreen seasonal submontane forest on limestone, (3) Uopical evergreen seasonal woodland , (4) Uopical lowland and submontane evergreen seasonal broad-leaved shnibland, (5) short-grass communities with shrubs and without trees, and (6) mainly tall perennial flowering forbs. Of these, the formation of the Uopical evergreen seasonal lowland forest on limestone is divided into two subformations; (i) broad-leaved lowland forest on limestone lightly disturbed by human activities, (ii) broad-leaved lowland forest on limestone heavily disturbed by human activities; the formation of the Uopical evergreen seasonal submontane forest on limestone is divided into two subformations: (iii) broad-leaved submontane forest on limestone lightly disturbed by human activities, (iv) broad-leaved submontane forest on limestone heavily disturbed by human activities; the formation of the Uopical evergreen seasonal woodland is divided into two subformations: (v) broad-leaved lowland woodland regenerated after logging, (vi) broad-leaved lowland woodland regenerated after shifting cultivation and forest fires; the formation of the Uopical lowland and submontane evergreen seasonal broad- leaved shrubland has one subformation; (vij) lowland and submontane broad-leaved shnibland with scattered generating dicotyledonous trees; and the mainly tail perennial flowering forbs also has one subformation: (viii) tall forb communities of herbaceous plant species of Zingiberaceae, forb communities of Chromolaena odorata.
The formations of the Uopical evergreen seasonal lowland forest on limestone and the uopical evergreen seasonal submontane forest on limestone occupy the largest area in the reserve, and distributed in all the seven communes of the nature reserve. These vegetation types are commonly structured by 2-3 sUatums of ttees.
Keywords: Namre reserve, Nggc Son-Ngd Ludng, vegetation.
Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tu nhien va Cong nghf. Tap 30, So 4 (2014) 40-47
Phan lap gen ma hoa nhan td phien ma OsNAC5 lien quan toi tinh chdng chiu stress tu gidng liia Indica
Nguyin Duy Phuong*, Pham Thu H5ng, Pham Xuan Hoi
Vien Di truyin Ndng nghiep, Vien Khoa hgc Ndng nghiep Viit Nam. Phgm Vdn Ddng, Hd Ngi, Viit Nam Nhan ngay 09 thfing 2 nam 2014
Chinh sua ngSy 18 diang 6 nam 2014; ChSp nhan dang ngay 15 thang 10 nam 2014
Tdm tat: Ho NAC (NAM, ATAFl/2, CUC2) \k hp gen Idn nhSt thudc nhdm gen ma hda nhan to phien ma duoc tim thay d thuc v|t, co vai u6 quan trpng Uong su phat uien va d i p ihig vdi dieu kien bat Ipi cua thirc vgt. Trong nghien cuu niy, chiing tdi da ph5n lap dugc mpt doan gen ma hoa cho nhan to phien ma OsNAC5 tir cDNA cua giSng liia Indica xu ly han. Gen OsNACS phin lap dugc cd cM6u dM 993 nucleotide, co miic dp tuong ddng ve trat tu nucleotide so vdi trinh ty gen OsNACS cua gidng Iiia Japonica da dugc cdng bd uen ngSn hang gen the gidi (ma sd .NM_00107245I.I) dat 98%. Ket qua phSn tich trinh tu axit aminsuy diln cho thiy nhan id phien ma OsNACS cua giong liia Indica cd 330 amino acid, chira mdt trinh tu tin hieu dinh vj nh^u PRDRKYP dac trung cho cac nhan td phi€n ma phia diu N vk nam viing peptide khac d3c Uung ciia hp protein NAC.
Tirkh6a.Od\\x\\'^n, liia/m/i'ca, nhan to phien ma, 05NAC5, chuyen gen.
L Mff dau
Dudi di^u kien bat Igi cua mdi trudng n h u h?.n, m5n, Ianh..., thuc vat phai thay ddi cfic qua trinh sinh ly va sinh hda de tdn tai va Ihi'ch nghi. O mirc dd phan tir, dieu kien bSt Igi mdi Uudng se Xha. cho thuc vat gia tang miic dd bieu hien v^ tich ISy ciia hang I09I cac gen va protein dap ling bat Igi mdi trudng. Cac gen dap ling bat Igi mdi trudng dugc chia lam 2 nhdm:
(1) nhdm gen chtrc nang true tiep chdng lai didu kifn bat Igi va (2) nhdm gen dieu hda biSu hien ciia cac gen chiic nang tham gia trirc tilp vao phan ling chdng chiu didu kien hit Igi [1]. Cac 'Tac gia JiSn he. DT.: 84-983249148
Email, phuongnd.bio@gniail com
gen ma hda nhan td phifen ma thuOc nhdm thii hai va IS nhdm gen Idn. N h d m gen ma hda nhan td phien ma m i c du khdng tham gia true tiSp vao phan ling dap u n g vdi digu kien han ciia thuc vai nhung su bieu hien cua chiing lai cd vai Ud kich boat sir bieu hien ciia r i t nluSu gen chiic nang khac tham gia vao qua t n n h dap ling han, d i n tdi l a m tang c u d n g kha nang chiu han d thuc vat. Phat hi^n nay da m d ra mgt hudng nghien cihi rat mdi cho iinh vuc chgn gidng chuySn gen d thuc vat, do la chi ckn chuyin mdt hay mgt vai gen ma hda nhan to phiSn ma thay vi vai Uam gen chiic nang vao cay dd tang cudng tinh chdng chiu ciia cay u d n g . Chinh vi If do nay ma cac nghien ciiu phan I3p, dac linh hoa cac gen m a hda nhan td phien ma lien quan
N.D. Phuang va nnk. /Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Tu nhiin vd Cong ngh?. Tdp 30, So 4 (2014)40-47 41
den u'nh chdng chiu vdi cac difiu kien bat Igi dang trd thanh dinh hudng nghifin ciiu dSy tiem nang Uong viec chgn tao gidng chiu h^n, m3n, Ianh.
Cac nhSn td phiSn ma hp NAC chiia trinh ty ddng nhat (ddu tien dugc phat hien tii petunia NAM va tii Arabidopsis ATAFl, ATAF2 v^
CUC) ggi la vung boat dgng NAC d dku N la mdt hg gen dac trung ciia thuc vat, cd vai Ud quan Ugng Uong viec xdc dinh md phan sinh dinh chdi; bi^t hda cac ca quan re, hoa Uong sinh trudng phat tri^n thuc vat; phan ling vdi dieu kien bi tdn thuang va tac nhan gay h^ii tdn cdng; tang cudng tinh chiu ban, man va cac dieu kiSn bat Igi thdi tiet [2-5]. Cho tdi nay da cd khoang 117 gen NAC Uong he gen Arabidopsis va 151 gen A'AC Uong he gen Ida, 26 gen NAC a hg cam chanh, 152 gen NAC a dau tuang vli thudc la da dugc phan lap nhung chi mpt sd it gen NAC dugc nghiin ciiu chiic nang [6-9], Phan Idn protein cua gen NAC chiia vimg bam DNA d tSn ciing dSu N cd dg bao thii cao, trinh tu U'n hieu dinh vi nhan va mdt viing tan cbng dau C bien ddi [7],
Gen ma hda nhan td phien ma hg NAC lien quan den U'nh chdng chiu vdi bat Igi mdi Uudng d lua, SNACI dau tien dugc phan l^p va nghien ciiu chi tiet dSc U'nh [7]. Cay Ida chuyen gen SNACI tang cudng U'nh chju han, min va ket qua phSn u'ch microarray cho thiy bieu hien cua gen ngoai sinh SNACI da hoat hda hang loat gen chiic nang lien quan den tinh chiu ban. Ket qua thii nghifim Udn ddng rupng cac c§.y liia chuyen gen SNACI cho nang suSt cao hon 22- 34% so vdi cac cay ddi chiing d dieu kien han.
Tuong tu, nhdm nghiSn ciiu cua Shinozaki and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki (2007), da phan Igp va ngiiien ciiu dac tinh gen OsNAC6. Kit qua nghiSn ciiu cho thdy cac cSy lua chuyen gen tang cudng linh chiu han, man va Ianh. Dac biet, ngoai vi?c tang cudng tinh chdng chiu vdi
bat Igi thdi tiet, cSy liia chuyen gen OsNAC6 con tang cudng tinh khang benh b^c la so vdi cay doi chiing [5]. Trong m^t sd nghien ciiu gan dSy, gen OsNACS cdng dugc chiing minh
\k cd lidn quan den tinh chdng chiu vdi dieu kien bit Igi ciia mdi trudng. Protein OsNAC5 dinh vi Uong nhSn va bi6u hi^n m^nh Uong cac dieu Iden han, man, Ianh vk xii IJ ABA [10].
Trong nghien ciiu nay, chdng tdi da phln lap dugc gen OsNACS tir gidng lua indica va nhan ddng vko vector pGEMT vtji myc tieu 1 ^ phong phd ngudn gen phuc vu cho cdng tac nghien cum tao gidng cay Udng chiu han, man theo dinh hudng chuyen gen.
2. Nguyen lieu va phinmg phap nghien cuu 2.1. Nguyen lieu
Gidng lua Indica do Trung tSm KI thuat Di truyen va Cdng nghe Sinh hgc Qudc te (An Dd) cung cSp; chiing vi khuan E. coli DH5a do Bd mdn Bfnh hgc phan tu, Vien Di truyfin Ndng nghiep cung cSp.
Cac doan oligonucleotide diing cho phan ling PCR nhan ban gen dugc thiet ke dua Uen trinh tu gen da cdng bd uen NgSn hang gen the gidi (ma sd NM_001072451.1) va tdng hgp bdi hang Sigma (Bang I).
Bang 1. Trinh ty cac oligonucleotide su dung Uong nghien ciiu
Tfin mdi Trinh tu moi
OsNAC5-5'-GGATCCATGGAGTGCGGTGGT-3' Fw
OsNACS- 5' -GGATTCITAGAACGGCTTCTG-3' Rv
SP6 5' - ATTTAGGTG AC ACTATAG AA-3' T7 5'-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG-3'