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Business Ethics

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Nguyễn Gia Hào

Academic year: 2023

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Why we have to study ethics

We have to give the right answer to the question "what should I do?" or to the question why we do what we do.

Other reasons for studying ethics

The reasons for studying business ethics

Although ethics applies to all people, not everyone knows what it is and few really know what this word hides. It is therefore essential to come to terms with the word 'ethics' and its many alternative meanings.

The meaning of the word ‘ethics’

Each contributed to the good administration of the entire city, within his or her ability. Plato also pointed to the importance of the division of duties and the role of work in the proper management of the whole society.

Ethics in the ethos

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  • Ethics in morality
  • Autonomous, heteronomous, theonomous
  • Definition of ethics
  • Goals of ethical study
  • System classification of ethics
  • Descriptive ethics

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Normative ethics

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Meta-ethics

It is not only about exploring the moral and ethical 'what', but also the 'how'. Another narrower approach is a reduction of morality and ethics to the "what"—only the world of concepts (Ricken 1995).

Graphical depiction

This is called a broad approach to meta-ethics, and it not only takes very seriously how moral and ethical concepts work, but also places emphasis on describing how good ethical values ​​are formed. This is shown for example in the saying: "The good must be practiced, while the wrong must not."

Ancient hedonism

Normative Schools of Ethics Maximizing pleasure and minimizing suffering are the goals of hedonistic ethics. The ultimate pleasure was spiritual peace and you can only achieve this kind of mental state, called αταραξια (ATARAXIA), through reasoning.

Utilitarianism

Epicurus' form of hedonism, however, differed from hedonism as it was commonly known in the ancient world of that time.

Empiristic ethics

In the case of the second point – the so-called moral statistics – values ​​cannot be accepted as morally binding just because the majority consider them to be good. Click on the ad to read more. Click on the ad to read more. Click on the ad to read more. Click on the ad to read more. Click on the ad to read more. Click on the ad to read more. Click on the ad to read more. per ad for more Click on ad for more Click on ad for more Click on ad for more Click on ad for more.

Ethics by norms or principles

Ethics according to norms or principles is a very interesting approach, however there are still situations that we call moral dilemmas or ethical conflicts. Moral dilemmas or ethical conflicts are a situation in which individual moral norms come into conflict with each other.

Casuistic ethics

Schools of Normative Ethics How to deal with conflicts that arise from ethics with norms or principles that simultaneously leave human beings to their fate and cast doubt on the full validity of ethical beliefs. Rather than a new system, casuist ethics is actually more about modifying the methodology used in ethics with norms or principles.

Situation ethics

However, it is unjust if the degradation of the highest moral principles becomes more and more entangled in many differentiated, all kinds of case-driven purposes, hidden in the nimbus of the unconditional and wanting to impose norms and morality on the whole human realm. existence,. Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more.

Ethics of reckoning

Deontological ethics

He admits that the opinion of the general public is not just the opinion of philosophers who rely on the moral law. Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more.

Ethics of responsibility

But this is not the original ethics of duty, because the entire obligation of Protestantism has narrowed down to the concept of a completed profession. And when work becomes the only duty, or duty without the eschatological element of temporal and eternal reward from God, the Protestant ethic is in crisis.

Applied ethics

Ethics is treated as practical philosophy, a discipline that helps people with key decision-making. Thomas Ng defines business ethics as follows: “Business ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions that address issues of right and wrong.” (Ng 2012).

Anthropological orientation

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Values in business ethics

Thomas Ng describes business ethics as follows: Business ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions where questions of right and wrong are addressed. According to Thomas Ng, business ethics is a descriptive discipline based on a metaethical analysis of right and wrong.

Freedom

For freedom arising from humanity, the determinants are mental skills, possessions, rights and social status. Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more Click on the ad to read more read.

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There are many obstacles to freedom, called 'determinants', and there are many types.

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Justice

In reality, this means that everyone is entitled to own an equal share of all goods. However, there is one more justice – the legal form that says that what is legal is also just.

Responsibility

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Trust

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Progress

Prosperity

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Sustainability

Rationality

We hope that this kind of descriptive methodology can help us understand ethical phenomena. Therefore, we will interpret each phenomenon from the perspective of descriptive ethics and from normative positions.

Case study

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Definition of the case study for ethics

The first sentence of this book defines case study as a method that attempts to describe one problem from many perspectives: “A case study is expected to capture the complexity of a single case.” For this reason, we have defined the case study in ethics as the cases analyzed from an ethical point of view and we have tried to describe the relationship between human action and options from a normative ethical perspective.

Introduction

He had just opened his friend's computer files, downloaded the text for a chapter of his thesis.

Case analysis from different schools of normative ethics perspective

Definition of ethics by norms or principles (see chapter 4.4 on page 36): Ethical maxims shape human life in the form of norms. The first student had time comfort because he/she passed all the exams on time and he/she could concentrate on the research.

Introduction

Analysis of the case from the perspective of different schools of normative ethics

Definition of utilitarianism (see Chapter 4.2 on page 32): The principle it supports is simple: good is useful. It should be that his/her personal business endangered his/her employer's existence in the market.

Referensi

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