XUAN NHAMTHIN -2012
GIAI PHAP THAY DOI HiNH THUC VE LUQIT
VA VE THANG mim NANG CAO CHAT LUONG PHUC VU CHO VT CC B U N G XE BUYT HA NOi
ThS. NGUYEN MANH HUNG Dgi hpc Cong ngh? GTVT
I. Dat v a n de
Trong 10 t h a n g nai7i 2011 s a n lUdng v a n c h u y e n h a n h k h a c h b a n g xe buyt c i i a Ha Ndi dat tren 377 trieu lUdt k h a c h , c h i e m 93°o tdng san lUdng v a n c h u y e n h a n h khach toan m a n g , dU kien ea nam se van c h u y e n duoc 410 trieu lUdt h a n h k h a c h . Theo sd lUdng t h d n g ke lUdng hanh khach sii d u n g dich vu v a n tai h a n h k h a c h edng edng ( V T H K C C ) b a n g xe buyt chli y e u trong khu vuc Ha Ndi cu (chiem tdi 7 8 % ) , trong khi s d hanh k h a c h dang sinh sdng tai khu vue Ha T a y (eu) ehi chie'm k h o a n g 1 1 % . D d n g thdi hanh k h a c h s i i d u n g xe buyt da sd la hoc sinh - sinh vien (chiem 6 5 % ) , edng n h a n ( 1 5 % ) , c d n g c h i i e , vien ehue ( 8 % ) , vdi muc dich c h u y e n di ehu y e u la di h c c va di lam (chiem 5 9 % ) . Hien nay. xe buyt Ha Ndi dap dng dupe k h c a n g 1 0 % nhu c a u di lai eiia ngudi d a n .
Vdi con sd thdng ke tren, de thue hien dUdc mue tieu den nam 2020, VTHKCC Ha Ndi ed the dap dng dupe 2 5 % nhu eau di lai ciia ngudi dan can cd nhieu giai phap ddng bd. Ben canh nhung giai phap nang cao nang luc cung ung, viec nang cao chat lapng djch v u , khuyen khi'ch hdn nua nhu cau sd dung phUdng tien VTCC ndi chung va phUdng tien van tai xe buyt ndi rieng ciia
ngudi dan Ha Ndi eung la giai phap quan trong khong k e m . Nhung giai phap giup ngudi dan tiep can xe buyt thuan tien, de dang can dUdc nghien cdu ky hon.
Cung vdl nhdng giai phap khac, viee thay ddl he thdng ve luot va ve thang hien nay vdi mue tieu trude mat giup ngudi dan tiep can xe buyt thuan tien hon cung la giai phap can duoe nghien c u u . Voi quan diem tren, bai bao trinh bay mdt sd giai phap cu the se dua ra giup eho hanh khach de dang hon trong viee lua chon tuyen xe buyt. dong thdi su dung tdi uu ve xe buyt ciia minh.
Khdng nhung vay no co the giup doanh nghiep van tai nang eao dUoe doanh thu.
II. Ndi d u n g
2.1. Hl$n trang hd thdng ve sd dung trong VTCC bing xe buyt tai TP. Ha Ndi
Can eu theo Quyet dmh 35/2005/QD-UB ve viec dieu ehinh gia ve V T H K C C bdng xe buyt tren dia ban TP Ha Ndi, hien nay co eau va gia ve dang duoc ap dung bao gom ve thang (don t u y e n , lien tuyen) va ve ludt (theo quang dudng va toan tuyen). Ve hinh thue ve hien dang sQ dung chii yeu ve giay, ngoai ra hinh thdc the S M A R T CARD cung mdi ung dung thi diem tren tuyen 32, tuy nhien chUa dupe dp d y n g rpng rai. Cae hinh thdc ve hien nay dupe trinh bay nhu trong bang 2.1
TAP CHf CAU DUdNG VIET NAM
XUAN NHAM THIN 2012
Bang 2.1 : Cac logi ve suf dyng trong VTCC bang xe buyt Ha Noi Loai ve
Ve ladt
Ve thdng 1 tuyen
Ve thdng lien tuyen
Hi$u li/c Tgi thdi diem
1 thdng
1 thdng
Dgc diem Khdng yeu eau gid'y td
cua cd nhdn
Cd nhdn Idm thd, ed ddn dnh ghi ede thdng tin tren thd
Cd nhdn Idm the, cd ddn dnh ghi ede thdng tin tren thd
Nhdn vien kiem sodt, bdn ve vd xe ve khi hanh khdeh len xe mua ve
DUde kiem sodt khi len xe bang m i t eiia nhdn vien kie'm sodt ve
Dugc kiem sodt khi len xe b i n g m i t eua nhdn vien kiem sodt ve
2.1.1. Velirgt:
Ld logi hinh ve phd bie'n nhd't hien nay, hinh thQc bdn ve Id khi hdnh khdeh len xe, nhdn vien phu xe bdn ve vd thu tien vdi mQc gid ve dQde quy djnh nhu sau:
Vdi ede tuyen ed cQ ly van ehuyen dudi 25km vd ede tuye'n trong ndi thdnh Id 3.000d/ve.
Vdi ede tuye'n ed cQ ly van ehuyen tQ 25km de'n dQdi 30km Id 4.000d/ve
Vdi ede tuye'n ed cQ ly van ehuyen tQ 30km trd len Id 5.000d/ve.
Ve iQdt chl cd the sQ dung tren 1 tuye'n vd chl ed gid trj tren mpt hdnh trinh ey the.
2.1.2. Ve thing:
Theo ddi tUdng sQ dung, ve thdng dUdc phdn ra Idm 2 logi
Ve thdng bdn eho ddi tUdng au tien (gdm hpe sinh phd thdng, hpe sinh trung hpe chuyen nghiep, dgy nghe (khdng ke edn bp, bp dpi di hpe) vd sinh vien cdc tradng dgi hpc, eao dang), mQc gid eho ede ddi tQdng ndy Id:
+ Gid ve thdng 1 tuye'n :
25.000d/ve/thdng + Gid ve thdng lien tuyen :
50.000d/ve/thdng
Ve thdng bdn eho ddi tupng khdng uu tien, mQc gid cho cdc ddi tQdng ndy Id:
+ Gid ve thdng 1 tuyen :
50.000d/ve/thdng + Gid ve thdng lien tuyen :
80.000d/ve/thdng
Ngodi ra, rieng vdi tuyen 54: Long Bien - B l e Ninh edn ed quy djnh rieng.
Tap nam ddnh eho ddi tupng hpe sinh, sinh vien: menh gid 84.000d/tdp (1 tap = 60ve) ed thdi hgn sQ dyng trong nam vd cd gid tri di tren td't ed tuyen xe buyt ed trd gid.
Tap nam ddnh eho ddi tUdng hdnh khdeh khde:
+ Menh gid 90.000d/tdp (tap = 30ve) dQde sQ dyng tQdng Qng vdi ve iQdt cd menh gid 4.000d/ladt.
+ Menh gid 112.500d/tdp (tap = 30ve) dddc sQ dyng tddng Qng vdi ve IQdt ed menh gid 5.000d/ladt.
2.13. Nh$nxet:
Uu diem eua he thdng ve dang dp dung hien nay:
+ Viee phdt hdnh ve Id rd't ddn gidn.
+ ThQc hien thu cdng.
+ Gidi quye't dQde bdi todn lao dpng.
TAP CHI CAU DUdNG VIET NAM
XUAN NHAM T H I N - 2 0 1 2
NhQpc diem eua he thdng vd dang dp dyng hien nay:
+ D P khdng mudn mat them ehi phf ndn hdnh khdeh cd g i n g sao eho sQ dyng ft tuyen vdn tdi nhd't vi vdy ldm tdng nhu edu eua nhQng tuye'n nhat djnh.
+ Do khdng mudn md't them chi phf ndn hanh khdeh ed g i n g sao eho sQ dyng ft tuye'n van tai nha't nen thdi gian chd ddi ciia hdnh khach eo the bi tang len, vi vay dan tdi sQ ldng phi eho ngudn lu xa hdi ddng thdi gidm chat ludng dich vu xe buyt.
+ Kho khan cho edng tae thanh tra giam sdt ddc biet vao gid cao diem do hoan toan thQc hien thu e d n g , de phat smh tieu cue, khdng kiem soat ehinh xac lUdng khach.
+ Gay ra su thait thoat doanh thu cho doanh nghiep van tai.
2.2 Giai phap dua ra
De khac phuc nhung nhUde diem tren ddng thdi phat huy nhung uu diem eua he thdng ve hien tai, tdi eho rang VTCC bdng xe buyt trong giai doan hien nay van ed the sQ dyng 2 loai ve dd la: ve lupt va ve thang.
Tuy nhien, de thuan tien hdn eho hanh khdeh, ve lUdt va ve thang deu cd nhung ddc diem khae diet so vdi trude day. NhQng ddc diem eu the ciia cac loai ve nay dUdc trinh bdy nhu trong bang 2.2
Ve IQdt: nhu trong Bang 2.2, ve luot dQde phan thanh 2 loai la ve luot theo thdi gian vd ve lupt theo tuyen.
Ve lupt theo thdi gian la ve cd gia tri trong khoang thdi gian nhat dinh. Viec xac djnh thdi gian trung binh cua ve can can c u vdp cQ ly di lai binh quan ciia hanh khach so vdi van tde lu hanh binh quan cua phUdng tien. Trong loai ve nay chung ta cung cd the phdn thdnh cac loai khac nhau theo tieu chf thdi gian (chang han chung ta cd the phan
tiep thdnh : logi 1 ve cd gid tri trong 20 phut, logi 2 vd ed gid trj trong 40 phut...). Hanh khdeh ed the mua ve d bd't cQ ddu, nhang khi hdnh khdeh b i t dau sQ dyng phQdng tien bp phdn kiem tra se ghi thdi diem len xe cua hdnh khdeh vd nhQ vdy, hdnh khdeh ed the sQ dyng vd ndy tQ thdi diem an djnh tren cho tdi khi hd't thdi gian ghi tren ve eung cd the bo ptian kiom tra can cu vao thoi gian len xe cua hanh khach ddi chieu vdi thdi gian hieu luc ghi tren ve va ghi thdi diem het hieu lUc cua ve. Trong thoi gian hieu luc ciia ve, hanh khach ed the su dung nhieu tuye'n xe buyt khae nhau.
Bang 2.2 : Cac loai ve ludt cd the su dung trong VTCC bang xe buyt
L o a i ve
Ve luot
Ve 1 thang
Ve 2 thang
Ve 3 thang
T i e u c h i p h a n loai
Thoi gian
T u y e n
uu tien
Khong Uu tien
uu tien
Khong uu tien
uu tien
Khong uu tien
uu tien
Khong uu tien
l/u tien
Khong uu lien
Khu vuc1 Khu vuc 2 Khu vuc1 Khu Vl/C 2 Khu vuc1 Khuvuc2
j
Khu vuc1 Khuvac 2 Khu vuc1 Khu vuc2 Khu vuc1 Khu vi/c2 Khu vuc1 KhuvLfc2 Khu v U d Khu vuc 2 Khu v U d Khu vuc 2 Khu v u d Khu vuc 2
TAP CHI CAU DUdNG VIET NAM
XUAN NHAM THIN-2012
Ve IQdt theo tuyen Id logi ve ladt nha hien nay dang phdt hdnh. Tuy nhien, de trdnh nham ldn vdi ve thdi gian, ve tuyen can ghi cy the ve sQ dyng tuyen ndo. Ngadi mua ed the mua d bd't ky ddu, nhung khi b i t dau sQ dung len phddng tien thi bp phdn kie'm tra ghi thdi diem vd tuyen md ngudi dd dang sQ dyng len vd.
Ve thdng: De' thudn tien hdn eho hdnh khdeh, tdi thie't nghT ehung ta nen logi bd ve thdng 1 tuye'n md eh? sQ dyng ve lien tuyen.
Ddng thdi phdt hdnh ve thdng theo thdi gian, va td't nhien nhQng hdnh khdeh mua thdi gian edng ddi thi se dQde au tien gidm gid.
Vdi edeh lam ndy ehung ta ed the' tgo dieu kien dd ddng hdn cho bd phdn kie'm tra.
Ngpdi ra cung gidng nhu he thdng ve hien nay, ddi tupng sQ dung VTCC bang xe buyt eung dUde chia thdnh hai ddi tUdng Id:
ddi tddng Uu tien vd ddi tUPng khdng dUde UU tien. Trong dd ddi tUdng uu tien gdm: hpe sinh phd thdng, hpe sinh trung hpe chuyen nghiep, dgy nghe (khdng ke edn bd, bd dpi dl hpe) vd sinh vien cdc trddng dgi hpe,cao dang...Cde ddi tUdng khdng dUdc du tien Id nhQng ddi tUdng edn Igi. Tuy nhien sQ khde biet d ddy so vdi trade ddy. Id nhQng ddi tQdng QU tien dUde dp dyng eho ed ve lUdt.
NhQng ddi tQdng uu tien ludn phdi mang trong minh nhQng gid'y td chQng minh minh thupc ddi tQdng dQdc Qu tien. Hdn nQa, theo tdi ede logi ve xe buyt can phdn biet dQde khu VQe sQ dung. Vide phdn logi ndy giup ede nhd van tai tinh todn bu d i p nhQng ehi phi cho nhQng ehuye'n van tdi ed cQ ly qud Idn.
NhQ hien nay, he thdng xe buyt hien tgi da phdn thdnh xe buyt ndi dd vd xe buyt ke can.
2.3. Nh$n xet ve giai phip dua ra l/u diem:
+ Rat thuan Idi eho hdnh khdeh tQ vide mua
ve tdi vide iQa chpn loai ve vd tuyen xe chay.
+ Chia sd nhu eau van tdi eho cdc tuyen xe buyt khde nhau.
+ Tdi Qu hda ehi phf eho hdnh khdeh.
+ Ndng eao ehd't lapng phye vu VTCC bang xe buyt.
+ Gidm ehi phf sdn xud't eho doanh nghiep van tdi (doanh nghiep van tai khdng can dpi ngu phy xe eung nhU nhdn vien ban vd mat dd't. Ve cd the' dUde mua d bat ky ddu chang hgn nhu dgi ly buu dien, nhQng cQa hdng sdeh bdo...)
+ Gidm that thodt doanh thu eho doanh nghiep.
Nhi/qjc diem:
+ Khd cd the ldm thij edng vi vay can dau tu mdt he thdng kiem sodt ve ta ddng.
+ Tang ehi phi thanh tra gidm sdt eho doanh nghiep van tdi.
III. Nhan xet
Nhu da trinh bdy d tren, vdi giai phdp dua ra ehung ta ed rd't nhieu Uu diem. Tuy vdy cung edn tdn tgi nhQng nhupe die'm nhd't djnh. Mdt ngdde diem Idn nhd't eua giai phdp Id can mdt Iddng vdn rd't Idn eho vide dau tu he thdng kid'm sodt tQ ddng. Tuy nhien hgn ehe ndy trong giai dogn hien nay khdng phai Id vd'n de qud nghiem trpng do Sd GTVT Hd Ndi trong thdi gian qua eung dd trinh UBND thdnh phd ve dQ dn xdy dang he thdng ve xe buyt tQ ddng. Thie't nghT vdi nhQng Qu diem gidi phdp neu ra, vide nghien cQu de IQa chpn mpt he thdng ve xe buyt tQ ddng phu hdp eung Id rd't can thie't.
Vide ngien cQu de' dua ra mdt ehfnh sdeh gid vd hdp ly can dddc nghien cQu ey the va can dQde tfnh todn bdi ede ehuyen gia dau ngdnh. NhQng y tadng ed bdn dddc tde gid trinh bay trong bdi bdo tiep theo •
T A P CHI QAU DUdNG VIpT NAM