c
D I E N D A N T R A O D O IThong bao ve viec ma Chuyen mue trao doi:
"HOI NHAP KINH TE, CO HOI VA THACH THU'C DOI VOI N G A N H CHAN NUOI"
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h u cae ban da bie't, Vift Nam cimg vdi 11 quo'e gia khu vue chau A-Thai Binh Duong hifn dang tiong giai doan nude rut dam phan Hifp dinh doi tac kinh te chieh lupc xuyen Thai Binh Duong (TPP), mdt hiep djnh thuong mgi dupe danh gia la tieu bieu cua the ky 21, d u kieh se dupe ky ket tiong nam 2015.Khi Hifp dinh dupe ky ke't, nhieu chuyen gia d y bao Viet Nam se la nude dupe huong Ipi nhieu, ben canh nhiing thach thiic gay gat can vupt qua, nude ta se cd ra't nhieu co hdi. Tuy vay se ed mdt sd nganh san xua't gap nhieu khd khan, tiong do cd nganh Chan nudi.
Hieu the ndo ve TPP? Bau se la nhiing ca hgi vd nhiing thu: thach gay gdt md ngdnh Chdn nuoi chiing ta phdi duang dau?
Cdn CO nhwtggidi phdpgivd cdn kie'n nghj ra sao vdi Chinh phu, Bg, Ngdnh, Dfa phU0ttg...de ngdnh Chdn nuoi tie'p tqc phdt trien theo hudng gia tdng gid trj vd phdt trii'n ben viing?
Dd la nhiing npi dung ma Ban bien tap Tgp ehi KHKT Chan nudi da rat vinh d u cimg cae nha quan ly, cae ehii doanh nghifp, tiang tiai, h p p tae xa Chan nudi, eac nha nghien euu, dao tgo... hogt ddng Uen quan tdi nganh Chan nudi tham gia
trao ddi tien Chuyen myc nay thdng qua 13 bai vie't dupe dang tai tien so ehuyen de SAN X U X T & THI TRL/dNG eiia Tgp ehi KHKT Chan nudi xua't ban nam 2014, vao cac tiiang le: 1,3,5, 7,9,11 nam 2014.
Ban bien tap xin tian tipng cam on mpi y kieh tiao ddi, cac bai vie't tien ehuyen mue nay va xin dupe phep trich cac y kieh thao luan eua tae gia de tdng h p p thanh cac y kieh, cac giai phap, kie'n nghi de giii tdi eac CO quan lien quan.
Nam 2015, la Nam Hpi nhgp Kinh te, ngoai 8 Hifp djnh Thuong mgi t y do (FTA) da ky ke't va bat dau qua trinh thuc hifn, Vift Nam dang thao luan de tie'n tdi ky ke't 6 FTA niia tiong dd cd ca AEC va TPP.
Theo yeu eau eiia ddng dao bgn dpc, Tgp ehi KHKT Chan nudi tie'p tuc md chuyen myc nay vdi Chit de rpng hon: "Hpi nhgp Kinh le, Co hpi v^ Thach Ihiic doi vdi nganh Chan n u o i " de dupe tiao dd'i eae y kieh ddng gdp quy bau cimg cae quy vi ban dpc va cung ca'p eac thdng tin bo ich va can thie't cho ngudi ehan nudi. Tac gia bai vie't se duoc hudng eac ehe dp u u tien nhu quy djnh khi giri dang bai tien Tap chi KfCG!' Chan nudi theo dat hang eiia Tong bien tap Tgp ehi.
Ban bien tap Tap chi KHKT CHAN NUOI
C O N G DONG KINH TE ASEAN ? ^ ^5 ^-^
Dodn Xuan True, Tdng Bien tap (Bai tdng hop)
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am 2015 la Nam Hgi nhqp, se md ra Hi$p dinh Thuongmqi tyedo Vi$tNam - EU mgt loqt su ki$n quoc tt quan trgng (Vietnatn - EU FTA), vd Hi^ dinh Bo'i tdc lien quan den qua trinh hgi nhqp quoc te xuyin Thdi Binh Duang (TPP),...ciia Vi$t Nam. Cdjheki'rajngt sos^e kien chdng tdi xin tdm luge gidi thieu ve Hgi nhqp: Cgng dong ktnh te ASEAN (AEC), Q^„g ^§^^ j ^ , - ^ ; ^ te ASEAN vd Nhung thuqn
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Igi, kho khan doi vdi Ngdnh Chdn nudi nude ta khi Hgi nhqp AEC de ciing trao doi.
1. Cpng dong kinh le ASEAN (tiaig Anh:
ASEAN Economic Community, viet tat: AEC) la mot khdi kinh t e k h u vue ciia cae qude gia thanh vien ASEAN d u dinh se dupe thanh lap vao cudi nam 2015. AEC la mdt tiong ba try cpt quan trpng eua Cpng ddng SEAN nhSm thyc hifn cac myc tieu de ra tiong Tam nhin ASEAN 2020. Hai try cot cdn Igi la: Cdng dong An ninh ASEAN va Cdng ddng Van hda-Xa hdi ASEAN.
2. Bon myc tieu cua AEC
Tir lau ASEAN vdi 10 nude thanh vien da nhgn tha'y tam quan tipng eua vife thiic day tu dd hda thuong mgi ndi khoi va day nhanh qua tiinh gSn ke't cae thanh vien trong mpt san choi ehung, nham thiic day sy thjnh vuong a i a timg thanh vien,
Khu vue thuong mai tu do ASEAN (AFTA, thanh lap nam 1993) van dang timg bude tie'n tdi thyc hifn nhiing cam ket cud'i cung. Mpt bude tie'p tiieo, vdi nhieu tham vpng va ky vpng hon, la AEC se chinh thiic dupe tharih lap vao cud'i nam 2015.
Myc tieu eua AEC la tgo dung mdt thj trudng va co sd san xua't thd'ng nha't eho eac qud'c gia thanh vien, thuc day ddng ehu chuyeh tu do ciia hang hda, djch vy, dau t u v^ lao ddng cd tay nghe tiong khd'i.
Bd'n mue tieu eiia AEC dupe tuyen bd' bao gom: (1) thj trudng va eo sd san xuat thdhg nha't; (2) mdt khu vue kinh te cgnh tranh; (3) mpt khu vyc phat trien ddng deu;
va (4) hdi nhap vdi nen kinh tetoan cau.
3. AEC: Canh cufa mdi cho nen kinh te Vif I Nam cat canh?
Mqc tieu hudng den ciia AEC Id thanh lap mgt thj trudng vd ca sd sdn xuai duy nhai trong khu vue ASEAN; mdt khu viec kinh teed tinh cqnh tranh cao; mgt khu vue
phdt trien kinh tedong deu vd hgi nhqp s^u rgng vdo nen kinh tetodn cau.
Ndi dung eiia AEC gom 5 ye'u to co ban: t u do luu chuyeh hang hda, t y do luu chuyeh djch vy, t y do luu chuyeh dau tir, tu do luu ehuyen vd'n va tu do luu chuyeh lao ddng ed ky nang.
Dupe eoi la mpt bude ngoat danh da'u s y hda nhgp toan difn eua neh kinh te Ddng Nam A, AEC se ddng nhat nen kinh te eua 10 quoc gia thanh vien thanh mpt khdi san xua't thucmg mgi va dau tu, tgo ra thj trudng ehung a i a khu vye vdi dan so 600 trifu ngudi va GDP hang nam khoang 2.000 ti USD.
Vifc hifn thue hda AEC se dem Igi thuan loi va eo hdi tieh eye cho cac nude thanh vien. Tuy nhien, ben cgnh dd eiing edn nhieu thach thiie, tham chi nguy eo de dpa tyt hgu tiong qua trinh lien ke't, hfi nhap va phat tiieh.
Viec tich cue va chii ddng tham gia AEC se mang Igi nhiing Ipi ich to Idn cho VN n h u tang trudng kinh te nhanh hon, tao ra rtiiieu vifc lam, thu hiit deiu tu tryc tie'p nude ngoai mgnh me hon, phan bo ngudn lye td't hpn, tang cudng nang lye san xua't va tinh cgnh tranh. Dong thdi, AEC ciing dge bift chii trpng thiic day myc tieu thu hep khoang each phat trien giira eac qud'c gia, tang cudng tham gia vao chuoi gia trj toan cau.
Cac CO hpi doi vdi Vift Nam khi tham gia AEC:
Ca hgi md rgng thj trudng AEC ra ddi mang !ai nhieu co hpi eho DN cae nude Asean ndi ehung va doanh nghiep VN ndi rieng thdng qua vifc md ra mdt thi trudng rpng Idn, binh dang cho cac doanh nghifp.
Cac doanh nghifp se ed eo hdi tie'p can thj trudng Asean, mpt thi trudng rpng Idn vdi tdng GDP tren 2,7 ti USD; tang tiudng trung binh 5% deh 6% mdi nam; thu hut
KHKT r.han nuni Stf3-201S
djiu t u nude ngoai n a m 2012 la 110 ti USD;
long tij gia giao dich thuong mgi dgt 2,5 nghin ti USD...
Sy ra ddi ciia AEC se khuyen khieh cac hogt ddng kinh doanh va dau t u Idn hon d khu vyc, dau t u tryc tiep nude ngoai tang;
tgo lap mpt khu vue tiij trudng va san xua't tiidhg nha't.
Cahgi tdng cuang xuat kha'u Khi tham gia vao AEC, thj trudng xua't khau cho hang hda a i a VN se ngay cang md rpng. Them vao dd, VN se cd co hdi thu hiit dupe nhieu vdh dau t u nude ngoai hon, dae bift la tir eae nude ed nen kinh te phat tiien eao hon n h u Singapore, Indonesia...
Asean hifn la ddi tae thuong mgi quan tipng hang dau a i a VN va la ddng lye giiip nen kinh te' nude ta duy tii toe dp tang trudng va xua't khau tiong nhieu nam qua.
So vdi nam 2002, thuong mgi hai chieu Vift Nam Asean n a m 2013 da tang 5 lan;
chie'm gan 20% tong kim ngaeh xua't nhap khau hang hda ea nude. Giai dogn 2002- 2013, toe dp tang trudng xuat khau trung binh eiia VN sang Asean dat 28,4%/nam va nhap khau dgt 27%/nam.
Khi AEC dupe hinh thanh, cac doanh nghifp VN ed the ban hang sang Asean gan nhu ban hang tiong nude vdi miic thue sua't gan ve 0%. Ben eanh dd, eac thu tuc xuat nhap khau, thii tyc thdng quan se do rudm ra hon, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho doanh nghifp.
Theo d y bao, trudc t h ^ AEC, xua't khau ciia VN sang Asean se tiep tuc tang trudng on djnh nho dupe hudng u u dai thue quan vdi tien 99% ddng thue a i a Asean 6 da ve miic 0% theo Hiep djnh ATIGA.
Ca hgi ndng cao ndng luc cqnh tranh cho hdng xuai khau
Sau khi gia nhgp AEC, doanh nghifp VN se CO thi tiudng xuat khau rpng Idn hon. Ben canh dd, khi thue sua't tiong Asean giam xuo'ng 0%; eac doanh nghifp
VN se cd dieu kifn de giam chi phi, gia thanh san pham; gdp phan gia t5ng nang lye eanh tianh.
Theo quy djnh eiia Asean, cac san pham san xua't ed ty le npi khoi 40% dupe xem la san pham vung va se dupe hudng cac uu dai khi xua't khau sang thj trudng khu vyc.
Cahgi thu hut dau tunudcngodi Co hpi Idn nha't ma VN cd th§' nhan dupe sau khi AEC duoc hinh thanh chinh la kha nang thu hiit dau t u tir eac nen kinh te' Idn va phat tiieh. Vifc xay dyng mdt Asean thd'ng nha't se giiip cae nha dau tu nhin nhgn Asean n h u mpt san choi chung, mot edng xudng ehung vdi ngudn nhan lue cd ky nang va chi phi re.
AEC ciing se giiip VN cai thifn tot hon mdi trudng kinh doanh tir thii tyc hai quan, thu tyc hanh chinh tdi vifc tgo ra cac uu dai dau tu. Thu h u t dau tu nhieu hon ddng nghia vdi qua tiinh chuyeh giao cdng nghf dien ra nhanh va tieh eye hon; gdp phan nang eao chat lupng san pham cdng nghifp; tgo da cho nen kinh te VN phat tiieh cdng bang vdi cac quoc gia khac.
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing thugn loi Idn, cdc doanh nghi$p cdng se phdi doi mat vdi nhiing thdch thiic khong nhd khi AEC CO hiiu l^ic. Cgnh tianh ve hang hda, djch vu va dau tu se gay gat hon; phai dd'i mat vdi cac bien phap phdng vf thuong mgi va yeu eau ve dia't lupng hang hda ciing n h u eae phuong thiic kinh doanh ngay cang eao. Ne'u khdng cgnh tianh td't, mdt sd nganh, san pham se phai thu hep san xua't;
tham chi nit khdi thi trudng.
Do vgy, ben cgnh nhirng nd luc a i a Chinh phu tiong vife dieu chinh eo che^
chinh sach de phii hpp vdi tieh tiinh hdi nhap, cdc doanh nghiep VN cdn chu dgng tan diJing toi han cdc ca hgi trudc mat. Theo do, cae doanh nghiep phai ehii dpng xay dung eac chieh lupc kinh doanh, phat tiien san xua't de ed the eanh tianh vdi hang hda tir cac nude tiong khu vyc ngay ca thi trudng npi dja va thj trudng xua't khau.
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Ddng thdi, doanh nghifp VN phai tiiudng xuyen nang eao chat lupng va siic eanh tranh a i a hang xua't khau^ tgo gia tij gia tang de tham gia cae chudi san xuat khu vue...
4. Vift Nam dang het siie no lye De tiiam gia va hien thue hda AEC la mpt no luc rat Idn cua cac quoc gia thanh vien ndi ehung va Vift Nam ndi rieng.
Thie nha't, ve quye't tdm chinh trj, y chi vd no l^c cua Vi$t Nam. Day la van de dupe cho la quan tipng nha't de danh da'u sy thanh cdng hay thai bai eua Vift Nam, eung nhu chinh AEC. Dieu nay the hifn cae hoat dpng a i a Vift Nam tiong ASEAN n h u td chiic Hpi n ^ j Bp trudng tai chinh ASEAN, hdi nghj cac quan chiie ehuyen mdn cao... deh vifc thyc thi va ky ke't cae hifp djnh ve kinh te'eiia ASEAN.
Tuy nhien nhimg tid ngai Idn ma hifn nay Vift Nam can phai vupt qua bao gom:
ddng thuan vdi cac thanh vien tiong vifc dua ra cac ke hoaeh, cac bifn phap thue hifn; ehu nghia bao hp cdn kha mgnh va niu keo edn kha Idn tiong khu vue, thu h?p chenh leeh phat trien va cai each the ehe dieu tiet khu vyc.
Thu hai, vetiein luc quoc gia. Vift Nam ed nhieu the mgnh de phat trien va hpi nhgp khu vyc, the' gidi. La da't nude ddng dan (hon 90 tiifu ngudi), cd ngudn tai nguyen phong phu va da dang, tiem nang can phai dupe Idiai thae va sir dung.
Tuy nhien, nguon nhan lue cua Vift Nam chat lupng van con tha'p va chua hifu qua. Dieu nay lam lang phi va that thoat nguon nhan luc a i a Viet Nam so vdi eae nude tiong khu vyc. Ben eanh dd, tai nguyen thien nhien (nang lupng, du Ifch, bien dao...) la uu the Idn ciia Viet Nam nhung cdn nhieu bat cgp.
Thii ba, vendng life cqnh tranh, trinh dg phdt trim kinh te vd tdng trudng. Theo
danh gia ciia Dien dan kinh te' th^ gidi WEF, nam 2014-2015, nang luc cgnh tianh toan eau ciia Vift Nam da tang len 2 bac so vdi nam 2013. Vifc tang hgng nay chu ye'u nhd nhung cai thifn eua Viet Nam ve mdi trudng kinh te vi md, lam phat tid ve miic 1 con so tiong n a m 2012; chat lupng eo sd hg tang, giao thdng dupe eai thifn; hifu qua thj trudng hang hda dupe nang cao nhd giam eac rao can thuong mai va thue quan.
Xet ve td'c dp tang trudng kinh te', khu vyc ASEAN ndi ehung ed miic dp tang trudng kha eao so vdi eae khu vye khac tren the gidi, nam 2010 la 7,8%; deh nam 2012 dat bmh quan la 5,2%. Trong dd, Vift Nam dat td'c dp tang trudng kha cao, tir 5,3% (nam 2009) len 6,78% nam 2010; nam 2012 Igi giam xudhg 5,03%; n^m 2013 khoang 5,42% va nam 2014 la 5,98%.
Ben cgnh do, vah de lgm phat, np nem, tha't nghiep, tham hyt thuong mgi cung kha quan tipng tiong khu vue ndi ehung va Vift Nam ndi rieng. So vdi cae nude tiong khu vyc, Vift Nam cd miic lgm phat Idn nha't tu 7,5% nam 200616n 9,2% nam 2010; tiong khi dd miic trung binh eiia ASEAN la 4%.
Nam 2011, lgm phat ciia Vift Nam tang vpt len 18,13%; cao nha't trong ASEAN. Sau do lgm phat giam xuo'ng miie 1 eon so la 6,81% nam 2012; 6,04% n3m 2013; xe'p thiif ba tiong khu vyc va nam 2014 cdn 4,09%.
Lgm phat eiia Vift Nam giam tiong khoang 4 nam tid lai day la nhd chinh sach that ehat tieh tf a i a Chinh phii.
Mac dii cd nhieu cd' g3ng va nd luc trong thdi gian qua, song nhin chung, de hifn tiiyc hoa AEC, Vi^t Nam cdn day mqnh ndng cao ndng luc cqnh tranh han nUa, riit ngan khoang each phat tiien vdi cac nude trong khu vue va tren th6' gidi.
Ben cgnh do, Vift Nam can tan dyng tot thanh tyu khoa hpc cdng nghf cua cac nude tien tieh; tang cudng lien ke't khu vyc nhSm nit ngan khoang each phat tiieh...
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KHKT Chan nudi So 3-2015Vi$t Nam da chd dgng gidm cdc ddng thueXNK:
Bao eao eiia Bp Tai chinh cho thay thye hifn 10 trinh cam ket a i a eac FTA, hang logt eae bieu t h u ^ n h a p khau hang hda vao Vift Nam se bj cat giam. Theo dd, hang hda nhap khau tir thi trudng the' gidi va cac nude lang gieng vao Vift Nam se dupe hudng miic thue suat tha'p, dgc biet la Cdng ddng kinh te ASEAN (AEC).
Tinh deh he't nam 2014, miie dp t u do hda tiong ASEAN dat ty If cao nha't, khoang 75% so' ddng thue da cat giam xuo'ng thue' sua't 0%. Cac FTA cdn Igi dat ty If ty do hda tha'p hffn nhieu so vdi ASEAN, trung binh khoang 30-40% so ddng thue^ tiong khi miic dp ty do hda eiia bieu thue u u dai ehung tiieo cam ket WTO (MEN) 6 miic 32%.
Nhimg mat hang ma Vift Nam khdng cam ke't xda bd thue tiong hau he't cae FTA chie'm khoang tir 5-7% so ddng thue^ bao gom tiiudc la, rupu bia, x3ng dau, dtd, mpt so linh kifn va phy timg dtd, mpt sd' mat hang s^t fhep, cae mat hang ap dung ban nggch thue quan (dudng, tning, la thud'e la) va eae mat hang an ninh qud'c phdng (vii khi, thud'e no...)
Rieng tiong ASEAN, chi ed hai nhdm hang dupe loai trir nghia vu xda bd thue' quan g6m: cac mat hang ndng nghifp nhgy cam n h u gia cam song, thjt ga, tning gia cam, qua ed miii, thdc, ggo liit, thjt ehe bie'n, dudng dupe duy tii thue sua't 5%; cac mat hang an ninh quoc phdng (vii khi, dan dupe) hoae anh h u d n g d « i siic khde (can sa, thud'e phifn)...
Lp tiinh cit giam thuS' quan tiong cac FTA cho timg giai doan, bat dau tir 1999 deh he't nam 2014 da dupe Viet Nam thuc hifn nghiem tiic va day dii. Cho den nay, Vift Nam da giam Ihue n h a p khau cho hon 10 nghin dong Ihue xudng miic 0-5%
theo Hifp dinh thuong mgi hang hda Asean (ATICA), chiem ^khoang 98% sd ddng thue Irong bieu Ihe.VN la mdt tiong 4 thanh vien Asean cd ty If hoan thanh tot
nha't cae cam ke't tiong Id trinh tdng the thuc hifn AEC. Bude sang nam 2015, tie'p tyc trieh khai cam ke't trong khudn khd cac FTA ndi tien, Bp Tai chinh da ban hanh nam Thdng tir (tir sd 165-169/2014/TT-BTC) ban hanh Bieu thue nhgp khau u u dai dae biet eiia Vift Nam de thyc hifn eac Hifp dinh thuong mai t u do giai doan 2015- 2018.
Tie ngdy 1-1-2015, Viet Nam se cit gidm them 1.720 dong thue tie thuS'sudt hien hdnh 5% xudhg 0% theo cam kit Hiep djnh thuong mqi tu do ASEAN (ATIGA). Nhu vay, nam 2015, se chi con 7% dong thue', tuang duang tren 600 mat hdng dugc xem la nhay cam nhdl chua cat gidm ve0%.
Trong sd' cdc mat hdng nhay cam, Viit Nam cdn nhdc mgt sd'nhdm hdng dac biet nhay cam nhu sat thep, d to, linh kien phu tung 6 td, rugu bia... se keo ddi thdi gian cdt gidm thue xudng 0% vdo nam 2018. Rieng hai mat hdng xdng dau vd thuoc Id da vd dang dugc ddm phdn trong ASEAN di' co Id trinh thuc hien gidm thue'keo ddi sau 2018. Dac biet, Viet Nam dd ddm phdn debao luu miec thueNK 5% dd'i vdi mgt sd' nhom mat hdng dac biet nhay cam trong ndng nghiip, do la cdc muoi, dudng, thit gd, thit lgn, triing, cdc loai hoa qua nhiet ddi nhu cam, quyt...
5. Nhvtng thach Ihiic lo Idn doi vdi nganh Chan nudi
Do nhiing dieu kifn nhu san xuat manh miin, nang sua't vgt nudi con tiia'p, nang sua't lao dpng tiong nganh ehan nudi thap; ty If nhap khau eac loai nguyen lifu thiic an chan nudi cao, lien ket theo chudi gia trj tiong nganh chan nudi cdn ye'u, hifu qua kem; nguy co djch bfnh va thie'u kiem soat ch3t ehe san pham nhgp lau qua bien gidi; nhieu van de tiong an toan vf sinh thue pham... lam cho gia thanh cae san pham ehan nudi eao va kha nang eanh tianh kem. Tai eo cau ehan nudi theo hudng gia tang gia tii va phat trien ben
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D I ^ N D A N TRAO D O I
vung edn liing tiing d hau he't eac dja phuong, thie'u co ehe, chinh sach phii hpp.
Day la nhiing nguyen nhan chu yeu dang lam eho nganh ehan nudi bj ye'u the va chiu siie ep rat Idn trong qua trinh Hpi nhap khu vue va quoc te.
Cac chuyen gia deu nhan djnh nganh ehan nudi bd, lpn, ga dupe danh gia se bj tae ddng true tiep do giam thue tir cac Hifp dinh nhu ASEAN, Trung Qud'c, Han Qude, ASEAN-Oc-New Zealand... vdi miie thug' sua't tha'p hon nhieu so vdi miie thue u u dai chung theo cam ke't WTO.
Cac doanh nghifp Vift Nam nhgp khau phan Idn eac mat hang thupc jiganh chan nudi tir mpt sd thj tiudng nhu An Df, eac nude TPP va the gidi, cao hon nhieu so vdi eac tiij trudng ASEAN, Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban va Han Quoc.
Vdi Id trinh thue' sua't giam xuong 0%, Bp Tai ehinh d y bao, thdi gian tdi, kha nang nhgp khau eae mat hang thjt se tang, nha't la thjt ga tit H a n Quoc. Nganh siia nhgp khau ciing chju tac dpng theo cam ke't trong Hifp djnh ASEAN-Australia- New Zealand khi thue sua't nhgp khau mgt hang nay se giam xud'ng miic 0% vao nam 2020.
Vifc hg thue sua't nhgp khau se khiai nguy eo phy thupc vao nguyen lifu siia ngoai nhgp va cae san pham siia nhap khau ngay cang cao./.
Ghi chU: Bdi tdng hgp dd tham khdo nhieu thong tin tit cdc Bg Tdi chinh, Cdng thuang, Tong cqc Hdi quan. Ban Kinh tfTrung Uong vd y kieii cua m0t so chuyen gia.
CAM KET THUE TRONG CAC FTA DA KY KET
Ban hiin tap
B
en eanh vifc gia nhgp WTO, Vift Nam da tham gia vao tam khu vue mau djch tu do (FTA) bao gom Khu vyc mau djeh tu do-ASEAN (ATIGA), ASEAN-Trung Quoc, ASEAN-Han Qud'c, ASEAN-Nhat Ban, Vift Nam-Nhat Ban, ASEAN-Ue-New Zealand, ASEAN-An Dp va Viet Nam-Chile.Hau he't cac hifp djnh cua Viet Nam deu cd lp tiinh cam ke't tiong vdng 10 nam, nhung do thdi diem b^t dau thyc hifn cam ke't khae nhau nen giai doan ke't thiic cua timg hifp dinh khac nhau.
Trong giai doan 2015-2020, cae hifp dinh n h u ASEAN, ASEAN - Trung Qude, ASEAN - Han Qud'c cd miie dp giam sau nha't va dgt deh miie cam ke't cud'i cimg.
Cae hifp dinh khac n h u ASEAN - Austialia New Zealand, ASEAN Nhat Ban, ASEAN - An Dp, Vift Nam - Nhat Ban va Vift Nam - Chi Le se cd miic dp. Id tiinh giam thue' dai hon, tdi cae mo'c n h u nam
2022 (FTA ASEAN - Austialia - New Zealand), n a m 2025 (FTA ASEAN - Nhgt Ban), nam 2030 (FTA Vift Nam - Chi Le).
Theo cam ke't ve thue' ciia Vift Nam tiong Hifp djnh ASEAN, deh 2015, hau het cac mat hang phai ve miic 0% deh 5%.
Trong do, 7% mat hang dupe phep linh hogt den 2018.
E>uai day, Ban hihi tap xin tran trgng gidi thi$u cdng Bqn dgc Cam ke't thuf trong cdc Hiqj dinh mqu djch tu do dd ky ke't vdi hy vgng cung cap them thdng tin de cdc doanh nghi^ vd ngudi chdn nuoi tham khdo:
1. Hifp djnh khu vyc m a u dich ty do ASEAN (ATIGA)
Vift Nam tham gia vao khu vyc mau djch ty do ASEAN tir nam 1995 va bat dau thyc hifn cac cam ket ve thue tir nam 1999.
Theo cam ke't ve thue a i a Vift Nam tiong Hifp dinh ASEAN, deh 2015, hau het eae
70 KHKT Chan nudi So 3-2015