TAP CHi PHAT TRlfiN KH & CN. TAP 19. S 6 0 2 - 2016
Cac ygu td duy tri hoat dong d6i moi, cai tien cua doanh nghiep cong nghiep dien tu
thanh pho Ho Chi Minh '
• Tran Thanh Long
Trudng Dfi hpc Kinh tl - Luft, DHQG HCM
• Huynh The Nguyin
Trudng Cao Ding Tii Chfnh - Hii Quan - Email. fomis.„^^„~^^,,, , „ „ '^"•>^'^'Sl'>ingO,ndn.20,6.hadnch«*^C^.^.S,^,^,„,^^
T 6 M TAT
Nghien cihi ndy phdn lich cdc yiu lo duy tri hogi dpng ddi mai. eii tiin cua eie doanh nghilp irong ngdnh edng nghilp difn tu ihdnh pho Hd Chi Minh Nghien ciiu duac thvc hifn Iheo cdeh liip cpn DPM (Dynamic Probit Model) vtri phuang phdp irdc lupng MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) vd CML (Conditional Maximum Likelihood) cho bp di'r lilu bdng dupe Iruy xudt li, cae cupc diiu Ira doanh nghilp giai dogn 2007 - 2013 ciia Tdng
Tir khoi: Dynamic Random Effects Prohii. ddi mdi.
eve ndng ke. Kit qua nghien cm, cho Ihdy quy md doanh nghilp vi tinh trgng so hiiu nude ngoii CO dnh hudmg din khd ndng du,' lr) hogt dpng ddi mai. eii tiin cua doanh nghilp edng nghilp diln IU Ihdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Vi vpy.
irong Ihdi gian tai edc doanh nghifp trong nganh ndy tdn thiit phii cimg cd vd tdng citdng qui md. Ihu hut vdn ddu tu nuac ngodi di Igo diiu kiln liin hdnh ddi mai. cii tiin nhdm phdt lrien dn dinh. bin vSng.
eii lien.
I.CidlTHIflU
Nginh cdng nghifp difn tu dupc dinh gii la nginh edng nghifp mui nhpn. trpnu dilm eua Ihinh phd Hd Chi Minh vfi ci nudc. Vdi dfc tnmg la nginh cdng nghf cao. ham lupng chit xfim Idn. ed Ipi ihl so sfinh ddng vi di vao kinh le fri Ihflc nen nginh cdng nghifp difn ifl ludn dupc uu liin diu IU phil friin. Tuv nhiin Romer (1990) cho ring mpt nginh edng nghifp hofc mdl nen kinh ll mudn phil friln bin vOng tmng dii hfn Ihi cfin Ihilt phii thilt lap cac ddng lyc de Ihuc diy qua frinh phil triln dd mpi cich on djnh va hifu qua. Chinh vi ttil, neinh edng
Jim.^.^Jfi*'
nghi?p difn tu Ihinh phd Hd Chi Minh ttong Ihdi gan ldi phfii hinh thinh vi xfy dyng cfic ddng lye phfit ttiln nhim dam bio mye tifu phfit men dflng hudng vi cd chii lupng.
Theo ly ttiuylt ling trudng npi sinh Ihl ddi moi, cii tiin (Imiovation) li ddng lyc chlnh cfla ling ttuong vi phii ttiin kinh tl (Wei vi Liu, 2006). Odi mdi, cai tiln cd thi dupc tfo ra tu hofi ddng nghien cuu va phit friln (R&D) sau dd lan truyin qua nhilu kinh khic nhau din nfing sufit. Ning suit ling si kich thfch ting iruong vi ning suit Ii co chl ttuyin din ddng lyc phfit ttiln (Nelson vi Winter 1982; Nelson,
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol 19, No 02 - 2016
2008). Tuy nhiin, ttieo Nguyin Qudc Duy (20IS) ttil ddi mdi, cfii tiln trong cfic doanh nghifp Vift NamMfn nay cdn nhilu hfn chl vfi chua dupc chfl bpng. Cfic hoft ddng ddi mdi sfing tfo d cfic doanh nghifp chfl ylu vin dflng Ifi Ifi nhflng cai tiln nhd hofc cfii bifn nhOng cfii di ed mang tinh khdng chinh Ihflc vfi thy ddng (Phan Thj Thyc Anh, 2014). Dilu nfiy 0 ^ ttiinh cfic Iyc cfin trong vifc tfo ra Ipi Ihl cfnh ttanh, din sy tdn lfi v i dpng Iyc phfit tiiln Ifu dii cfla cic doanh nghif p. -
Bii vilt xem xit cfic ylu td duy tti hof t ddng ddi mdi, cfii tiln trong cfic doanh nghifp cfla ngfinh cdng nghifp difn tix ttifinh phd Hd Chf Minh giai dofn 2007 - 2013. Myc tifu diu tifn li phfin tich ylu id If o ra sy duy tti mdl cfich lifn tyc vfi vai tt* cfla cfic hinh vi ttudc dfiy frong qufi Oinh ddi mdi, cii tiln. .Thfl hai, bfii vilt cd ging xfic djnh nhflng finh hudng cfla cfic biln gifii ttifch din xfic suit duy tti hof t ddng ddi mdi, eii tiln bing cfic phuong phfip Pooled Probit, Random EfTects Probit v i Dynamic Random Effects Probit Ciu ttflc bfii vilt gdm 03 phin CO bfin: (i) Co sd ly ttiuylt vfi phuong phfip nghifn cflu; (ii) Phfin tich kit qufi nghiin cflu; (iii) Kit lufn vfi gpi y chlnh sfich. Cfic phfit hifn cfla nghifn cflu cd ttil dupc coi Ifi cfic co sd khoa hpc dl doanh nghifp vfi ngfinh cdng nghifp difn tii ttifinh phd Hd Chi Minh htah ttifinh cfic ddng lyc phfit biln ttong tuong Uu.
2. CO Sd Lf T H U Y £ T VA PHUONG PHAP NGHI£N
ciru
2.1. C o sdiy thuylt
Theo Damanpour vfi Wischnevsky (2006) ttii ddi mdi, cfii tiln (Innovation) Ii vifc i p dyng nhflng y hrdng mdi hofc hinh vi mdi ttong td diflc. 'i tudng mdi, hinh vi mdi cd ttil Ii sin phim, djch vy mdi; phuong phip sfin xuit mdi;
tim kilm ttij ttudng mdi hofc ddi mdi td chfle.
Nelson vfi Winter (1982X Nelson (2008) cho ling ddi mdi, cfii tiln ttong doanh nghifp dupc Trang 68
Ihl hifn qua cic hoft ddng nhir gidi thifu sfin phim mdi, td chfle qui trinh sfin xuit mdi, ddi mdi qufin ly hofc phfit triln ngudn cung radi, phfit friln till ttudng mdi. Theo Silva vfi LeitSo (2007) ttil ddi mdi, cfii tiln Ifi mdt qufi ttinh tiln hofi phfle tfp md tfi khfi nfing sfing tfo, nfing ddng cfla doanh nghifp v i kit qufi qufi trinh ddi mdi, sing tfo li ddi mdi sin phfim, quy tiinh v i td chfle. Ndi ehung bilu hifn hoft ddng ddi mdi, cii tiln cfla mdt doanh nghifp qua cic hoft dfng nhu sau: (i) Ddi mdi, sing tfo v l sin phim. Dfiy li hinh ttiflc gidi ttiifu sin phim mdi khic bift vdi sfin phim hifn cd cfla doanh nghifp vfi thj tivdng. Ddi mdi sfin phim ed ttil l i cfic ttiay ddi nhd tit ttiilt kl mlu mfi, kilu dfing; llnh ning su dyng din vifc sfin xuit ra sfin phim hofin tofin mdi cd tfnh nfing vupt tt^i tofin difn (Amara vfi cdng sy, 2009). (ii) Ddi mdi qui frlnh, phuong phfip sfin xuit, bao gdm nhflng thay ddi v l hofch djnh, phfn tfch, ttiilt kl cfich ttiflc sfin xuit; cfich thflc td chfle sfin xuit vfi phuong thflc sin xuit. Ddi mdi qui ttinh sfin xuit cd till Ifi sy dilu chlnh mdt khfiu hofc tit c i cfic khfiu cfla qufi ttinh sfin xuit (Amaia vfi cdng sy, 2009).
(iii) Ddi mdi, cfii tiln v l td chfle, qufin ly doanh nghifp gdm cd cfic hoft ddng tiiln khai vfi ttiyc ttii cfic hinh thflc qufin tti mdi trong hoft ddng sfin xuit dl tfo ra sy khfie bift hofi vdi cfic doanh nghifp khfie (Amara v i cdng sy, 2009).
Theo Triguero vfi Cdrcoles (2013) ttil cd hai nhdm ylu td lie ddng din qufi ttinh ddi mdi, cfii tiln gdm cd: cfic ylu id bin trong vfi cfic ylu td bin ngofii doanh nghifp. Tuy nhifn, hiu hit cfic ylu td mdi tiirdng bin ngofii cd rit ft tfic ddng din khfi ning duy o i hoft ddng ddi mdi, cfii tiln frong cfic doanh nghifp. Ddng thdi vifc tiln hinh vfi duy tti hoft ddng ddi mdi, cfii tiln dfl bj finh hudng bdi cfic ylu td bin ngofii nhung chfl ylu phy ttiudc ndi lyc vfi quylt djnh bfn ttong cfla doanh nghifp (Triguero vfi Cdrcoles, 2013).
Ndi chung, cfic y l u td Ifo ra kha ning duy tri hofI dfng ddi mdi bao gdm:
TAPCHiPHATTTOfeNKH & CN, TAP 19. S 6 0 2 - 2016 M^ la, quy md doanh nghifp, Triguero vfi
Cdrcoles (2013), Segaira vfi Teruel (2014) cho ling quy md doanh nghifp ddng vai frd quan ttpng oting vifc dilu khiln cfic cdng suit hoft
<>dng cfla doanh nghifp dl tfl 45 doanh nghifp cd ttil sfing tfo vfi phfit ttiln. Ngofii ra, quy md cd inh hudng ttvc tifp din ning lyc cdng nghf vi khi ning diu m cho cic hoft ddng R&D dl doanh nghifp tiln hfinh cic hoft ddng ddi mdi sfin phim vfi ddi mdi quy ttinh sin xuit (Qu, Huang, Zhang vi Zhao, 2007).
Hai la, ttidi gian hoft dpng hay tiidi cfla doanh nghifp, ttieo Lee vfi Ging (2007), Almeida vfi Femandes (2008), Seker (2012) ttii ttidi gian hoft dfng cd inh hudng ding kl din nfing lyc sfing Ifo vfi doanh sd bin hfing eua mdt doanh nghifp cdng nghifp. Bfn canh dd, Triguero vfi Cdrcoles (2013) cho ring thdi gian hoft ddng cfla doanh nghifp cd tfie ddng ttye tilp din kinh nghifm cii tiln vi khi ning duy ti-i sy ddi mdi. Dilu niy Ii do cfic doanh n^ifp cd mdi Idn ed dilu kifn hpc tfp, bit chudc vfi hoc hdi kinh nghifm vl ddi mdi, cfii tiln sfin phim, ddi mdi qufin ly.
Ba Id, ngudn nhin Iyc cfla doanh nghifp,
*eo Huang, Arundel vi Hollanders (2010) tfil vdn nhin Iyc li mdt ngudn lyc quan ttpng dl tiln hinh cfic hoft ddng ddi mdi, cii tiln cua doanh nghifp. Trong dd, ngudi lao ddng cd ky ning li ylu td ttien chdt, quylt djnh din khi ning sfing tfo vfi cfii tiln hoft ddng sfin xuit, cfii tiln sfin phim (Seker, 2012; Segarra vfi Teruel, 2014). Theo Triguero vfi Cdrcoles (2013) ttii tiinh dd hpc vin cfla lyc lupng lao ddng Ifi tiln dl sin ed, cin ttiilt dl cd ttil hinh ttifinh ning Ivc edng nghf vfi khfi ning khai ttific cfic co hfi cOng nghf phye vy hoft dfng ddi mdi vfi sfing tfo frong doanh nghifp.
Bin Id. tinh ttfng sd hOu cfla doanh nghifp, tfieo Almeida vfi Femandes (2008) till quyln sd hflu cd liin quan din sy ddi mdi cfla doanh
nghifp frong mdt ngfinh cdng nghifp, nhit Ifi cic doanh nghifp cd sd hOu nudc ngofii vdi quy md Idn. Cfic doanh nghifp cd sd hflu nude ngofii ttiudng cd ning lye ddi mdi vi hp cd ngudn lyc vfi dfinh mdt phin ngudn lyc dd ttiyc hifn diu hi R&D dl tiin hinh ddi mdi, cii tiln. Ddng tfidi cfic sd hOu nudc ngofii cd nhilu co hdi tilp cfn kifn ttiflc, cdng nghf mdi hofc bj chi phdi bdi cfic quylt djnh cua cdng ty m? ttung vifc sfing chi sfin phim mdi.
2 J . Phuong phfip nghifn cfln
Theo Triguero vfi Cdrcoles (2013) ttii ddi mdi, cfii tiln Ifi mdt qufi tiinh phfle tfp, khdng chi Ifi kit qufi cfla cfic hoft dfng khai ttific eo hdi c«ng nghf. tfn dyng chfnh sich cua Nhi nudc hofc tim cfich vupt qua fip lyc cfnh ttanh mi cdn phy ttiudc vio ngudn tii nguyfn, tii chfnh hofc khfi ning sfing tfo cfla mdi doanh nghifp.
Sy tdn lai cfla cfie ylu td ndi tfi (bfn tiung) cfla doanh nghifp ttong qufi ttinh ddi mdi da tfo ra cfic kit qui ddi mdi khic nhau ttong cic. doanh nghifp khic nhau hay cd sy khie bift ttong cii tiln, sfing tfo d cfic doanh nghifp (Triguero vfi Cdrcoles, 2013). Ndi cfich khfie cd sy hifn difn cua dfc dilm rifng vfi tfnh khdng ddng nhit ttong ddi mdi, sfing IfO cfla mdi doanh nghifp tiong mdt ngfinh cdng nghifp. Hon nOa, kit qui doi mdi ttong qufi khfl si ttvc tilp inh hudng din khi nfing lya chpn hofI ddng ddi mdi hifn tfi vfi ttifinh cdng cua ddi mdi hdm nay si finh hudng tfch eye din vifc djnh hudng vfi hoft ddng ddi mdi frong nhOng nim tilp flieo (Triguero vi Cdrcoles, 2013). Do dd, nhflng nd lyc ddi mdi, sing Ifo dang ttiyc hifn tItOng ttiudng dupc xfiy dyng dya frfn cfic hoft ddng sfing IfO frong qui khfl.
Tfl dfc dilm nfiy, bfii vilt ttiilt kl md hinh nghiii, cflu vl cfic ylu id tfic ddng din khfi ning duy fri hofi < ^ g ddi mdi, sfing tfo cd tfnh din sy hifn difn « c dilm rifng, khdng ddng nhit vfi phy ttiudc vfio kit qufi qufi khu hay md hinh Trang 69
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol 19, No 0 2 - 2016
n^iin cihi Ifi md hinh ddng cho dO lifu bing.
Theo cfich tilp cfn nfiy thi md hinh nghiin cflu cfla bfii vilt cd dfng DPM (Dynamic Probit Model) nhu dl xuit Triguero vfi Cdrcoles (2013). Dfc ttvng cfla DPM la kha ning (xfic suit) xfiy ra sy kifn cua biln kit qufi (ddi mdi.
cii tiln cfla cic doanh nghifp) ehju sy chi phdi cfla 03 vin dl: (i) cfic biin gifii Ihich; (ii) kit qui qui khfl cua biln phy Ihupc (biln kit qufi) vi (iii) dfc dilm riing. khong ddng nhit cua cfic ddi tupng. Md hinh nghiin cflu cd dfng:
(1)
y,= neu y'„>0
>',;<o
"ifv.vco, a„=) ai~N(0, a«*) Trong dd: y^ li biln tiim in, y„ biln kit qui
(phy thudc) cd tinh chil nhj phfin phin anh cd ddi mdi, sfing tfo (INNj, = yi, - 1) hofc khdng ddi mdi, sing tfo (INN^, = yj = 0). X;, li tfp biln giii thfch gdm cd: quy md doanh nghifp (SIZE), tudi doanh nghifp (AGE), ngudn nhfin Iyc (SKILL) vi tinh tt^ng sd hOu cfla doanh nghifp (OWN). Sai sd Ui, dupe gii thilt cd ttung binh /l = Corr(v„,v„) = Stewart (2007) cho ring o', = I thi (1) cd dfng gdp PP (Pooled Probit), nlu o^. = I thi (1) li md hinh inh hirdng nglu nhiin REP (Random Effects Probit). Vifc udc lupng (1) theo hai dfng thflc nfiy phii ed gii thilt vl gii tti diu yn (Stewart 2007). Woodridge (2005) vi Stewart (2007) dl nghj gii tti diu y^ li ngofi sinh vi cd nrong quan vdi a, nin (I) cd Ihl udc lupng bing phuong phip MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) cho hai hinh thflc PP vi REP. Tuy nhiin gii ttiilt y^ cd ttiong quan vdi Oj din din hifn tirpng nhin mfnh Iham sd y (Stewart, 2007), vl vfy Stewart (2007) di nghj ip dyng dl xuit cfla Heekman (1981) vl gifi ttj diu nhu sau:
X ' i = z > + ;7, (3)
bing 0 vfi phuang sai a„. Tham sd Oi phin inh dfc dilm rifng cua lung doanh nghifp edng nghifp difn tii dupe gii thilt li khdng ddi theo thdi gian. Theo Stewart (2007) thi dfc dilm niy lim cho tdng sai sd v„ = Oj + u„ cfla (I) si tiiong quan theo thdi gian vi hf sd tuong quan X d hai thdi dilm dupc xie djnh:
t,s = 2,T;t*S (2)
Vdi Zii li biln cdng cy ngofi sinh vi ij, tuong quan vdi a, nhung khdng tuong quan Ui,.
Theo Stewart (2007) nlu su dyng phip chilu tivc giao thi (3) cd ttil dupc vilt lfi thinh:
7, =6'a,+«„ (4)
Thay vio (3) thu dupe gii frj diu eua biin tilm in nhu sau:
>>*, =z;,;r + ftjf,+a., (5) Theo Stewart (2007) thi hf thing phuong ttinh (I) - (5) theo tilp cfn cfla Heekman cd thi udc lupng bing phuang phip MLE vdi dfi lupng Log Likelihood ed dfng:
'^l{^[{^»''*^y){'^y,i-^)]h<i>[{yy,i,.»*x^
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JTAP CHl P H A T TRI^N KH & CN, TAP 19, S 6 0 2 - 2016
Trong do * lfi him phin phdi tich luy cfla phin phdi ehuin, F la phfn phdi cfla a* vdi:
a =— vfio- = , / _ i _
<^. ' Vl-A
Trong khi dd, Wooldridge (2005) cho ring ode Iupng theo phuong phfip Heekman phfii dya vio xip xi xfic suit Chung cfla ehudi quan sit diy du vl biln phy thupe. VI vfy dl xem xft phfin phdi eua tfp biln phy thudc nfn fip dyng phuong phip CML (Conditional Maximum Likelihood) vdi gifi frj diu Ifi ngof i sinh si cho
•j{n»[(,
HOC lupng tdl cua (I). Theo Stewart (2007) tiXMig ttudng hpp niy ttii mdi quan hf gifla dfc difm rifng cua cac ddi mpng vfi gifi frj diu dupe xfic djnh:
«;=''o+a|>'n+A',a +77,(7) Thay (7) vao (1) ttiu dupc
y« = Yy,u.^ +X„p+X,a+aa +0|>'ji +7, +u„
(8)
Arulampalam vi Stewart (2009) cho ring udc lupng (g) bing phuong phfip CML theo dl xufit cfla Wooldridge (2005) cd dfi lupng Likelihood nhu sau:
ry,u.» +x„p+x,a+a„ +t',yi,
Trong do g«(n) d (9) li him mft dd cfla n, tiong phuong trinh (7).
23. Ngudn do lifu
DO lifu nghifn eflu dupc fruy xuit tfl bf do hfu dilu tra doanh nghifp cfla Tdng eye Thdng kf tu nim 2007 din nim 2013. Theo kit qufi dilu fra thi ngfinh cdng nghifp difn tfl thfinh phd Ho Chl Minh cd sd doanh nghifp gia nhfp mdi hofc nil lui khdi ngfinh liin tyc dao ddng nin ed sy ttiay ddi vl sd lupng doanh nghifp hoft dfng chlnh thuc qua timg nim. VI thi dl dfim bio linh dn djnh vi dfi difn. bfii vlit di lofi ttii cic doanh nghifp cd sd nim hoft ddng It hon sd nim quan sit hofc tfm ngung hofI ddng frong Ihd, gian nghiin cuu. Nhu vfy, mJu nghiin cuu cua bii vilt dft dupc sy nhit quin cfla dO lifu vi sd doanh nghifp dua vio nghiin cuu gdm ed 99 doanh nghifp hofI ddng dn djnh, tifu bilu vi dfi difn ttong giai dofn 2007 - 2013.
Biln quy md doanh nghifp (SIZE) dupc xie dmh bing sd lao ddng cua doanh nghifp ttong nim (Lee vi Ging. 2007; Segarra vi Teruel, 2014). Biln ngudn nhin lye (SKILL) dupc xfic djnh bdi vdn nhfin lyc (Huang, Arundel vfi Holhmdeis. 2010). Theo Syverson (2011) cho
"')(2y.,-i)fjg-{'7)dr,
(9) rtng cd nhiiu thdng sd phin inh vdn nhfin lyc nhu: ttinh dd giio dye, tiln luong, kinh nghifm 14m vifc, lao ddng linh nghl vi mue dd dupc hufin luyfn dfio tfo cfla ngudi lao dpng tfi doanh nghifp. Theo Ho vfi Fukao (2005) thi ty If lao ddng Ifinh nghl ttong tdng sd lao ddng li din xufit tdt nhit eho chit lupng nhin lyc vi ty If lao ddng linh nghl phy ttiudc vio ty If vdn - lao<ldng cfla doanh nghifp. Do dd vdn nhin lye (SKILL) dupc din xuit qua ty If vdn - lao dpng cfla doanh nghifp. Biln llnh frfng sd hOu (OWN) ed tfnh ehfit nhj phfin, nhfn gii frj | nlu 14 doanh nghifp cd vdn diu tu nude ngoii ngupc lfi nhfn gifi frj o (Segarra vfi Teruel,' 2014). Biln ttidi gian hoft ddng (AGE) dupc do ludng bing sd nim hoft ddng cua doanh nghifp (Lee vfi Ging, 2007; Seker, 2012). Ngofi frfl eic bifn ed tmh ehfit nhj phan thi gifi frj cfla tfil ci cfic biin cdn lfi dupc liy logarit ttudc khi dua vfio phfin tich dl frinh cfic cu sdc hofc gii ttj dj bifl, bfit ttiudng ttong dfl lifu.
3. KfeT QUA VA THAO LU^N
Kit qufi phfin tfch ttidng ki cfie biln nghiin cmi ttong 99 doanh nghifp cdng nghifp difn tfl On djnh vfi tiiu bilu nhit giai dofn 2007 - 2013 dupc ttinh bfiy ttong Bing I.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol 19, No 02 - 2016
#
Bing I. Thdng kf od t i cfic biln
sd quan sfit Gifi tii Idn nhit Gifi trj nhd nhit Gifi trj tiung btah Gifi trj frung V) Dd Ifch chuin
INN 693 1 0 0,4704
0 0,4994
AGE 693 1,5910
0 0,8293 0,8450 0,3082
OWN 693
I 0 0,3737
0 0,4841
SIZE 693 3,6154 03010 1,4636 1.2304 0,8052
SKILL 693 5,3674
0 2,4795
2,424 0,5390
au cM: Biin AGE. SIZE. SKIU 4a lay logarit
Ngudn: Tuih lodn eua ldc gii Bd do lifu nghifn cflu cd biln ddng tuong
ddi giOa gifi tti ttung blnh, gifi trj Idn nhit, gifi tti nhd nhit vfi dd Ifch chuin. Ndi cfich khfie cd sy chfnh lfch vl gifi trj cua cfic biln trong miu nghifn cflu. Ddng didi kit qufi hdi quy md hinh cfic ylu td finh hudng din khfi nfing tiln hfinh ddi mdi, cfii tiln ttong cfie doanh nghifp cdng nghifp difn ti> ttifinh phd Hd Chf Minh d
phuong ttinh (1) dupc tiinh biy tfi Bfing 2.
Trong dd, cdt 2 cho bilt kit qufi udc lupng ttieo phuong phfip Pooled Probit, cdt 3 udc lypng flieo phuong phfip Random Effects Probit, eft (4) dupc ude Iupng tfieo phuong phfip Heekman Dynamic Random Effects Probit vfi cdt (5) udc lupng theo phuong phfip Wooldridge Dynamic Random Effects Probit
Hfsd
T OWN
SIZE SKILL
AGE A.OWN A.SIZE A.SKILL
Bfing 2. Kit qui udc lupng md hinh nghifn clhi Pooled Probit
- 0 3 1 8 * * (0.1088) 0.2757*
(0.1547) 0.2559**
(0.0987) 0.1617 (0.1106) -0.1999 (0.2291)
RE Probit -0.3833**
(0.1342) 0.2924*
(0.1741) 0.2763**
(0.1103) 0.1672 (0.1206) -0.2451 (0,2534)
Heekman DRE Probit
- 0,3986**
(0,1332) 0,3030*
(0,1778) 0,2743*
(0,1113) 0,1648 (0,1217) -0,2546 (0,2561)
~~^-^^—.~^—^—^
Wooldridge DRE Probit
-0,3923**
(0,1340) 0,2822 (0,1809) 0,2034 (0,2702) 0,0809 (0,2347) -0,6492 (0,4569) - 0,0538 (0,3001) 0,1307 (0,2759) Trtng72
TAP CHl P H A T TRieN KH & CN, TAP 19, S 6 0 2 - 2016 A.AGE
Hfing sd X
0
So quan sfit Log likelihood
-0,6691**
(0,3218)
594 -392,01911
-0,6413*
(03540) 0,0624 (0,0556)
594 -391,29447
-0,6193*
(0,3592) 0,0714 (0,0542) 0,2342 (1,0185) 693 - 450,4262
0,5447 (0,4966) -0,8111**
(0,4127) 0,0634 (0,0552)
594 - 390,36733
w
Ngudn: Tinh lodn cia ldc gid.Kit qufi hdi quy eho ttiiy cic gii tti 0, X khdng cd y nghTa ttidng kf, do dd chua du bing chflng kit lufn sy tdn tfi cfla gii ttj diu bj ndi sinh ttong md hinh Heekman DRE Probit vfi Wooldridge DRE Probit (Stewart, 2007). Ddng ttidi ttong cfi hai md hinh Random Effects Probit vfi Dynamic Random Effects Probit diu khdng dfl CO sd chip nhfn gii ttiuylt vl inh hudng cua dfc dilm rifng cfla timg doanh nghifp din kha ning duy tti ddi mdi, cii tiln. Ndi ehung, kit qufi ude Iupng cho phip md hinh Pooled Probit phfl hpp nhit ttong vifc phfn tfch kit qui nghiin cflu. Do dd chflng tdi nhfn difn cic ylu id tie ddng din vifc duy tii hoft ddng ddi mdi, eii tiln ttpng nginh cdng nghifp difn tfl thfinh phd Hd Chl Minh nhu sau:
Mpl la, vifc ddi mdi, cfii tiln trong nfim tiTidc ed finh hudng din khi ning ttiye hifn ddi mdi, sing tfo ttong nfim nay vi hf sd Y = 0,2918 cd y nghla ttidng ki. Tuy nhiin ddi mdi, cfii liln ttong nim ttude Ifim gifim khfi ning liln hfinh cfic hoft ddng ddi mdl hifn tfi ttong dilu kifn cfic ylu td khfie khdng ddi. Kit qufi nfiy cd till khdng phfl hpp vdi ky vpng ttidng ttiudng vl mdt hifu flng tieh eye drong vifc duy tti khfi ning ddi mdi, cfii tiln nhung thieh hpp ttong bdi cfinh nhflng kinh nghifm ttudc dfiy khdng phfii
li lpi till df ttiyc hifn ddi mdi frong cfic doanh nghifp cdng nghifp difn ta. Dilu nfiy xuit phit tir vifc cfie sfin phim cdng nghifp difn tii hifn nay diu Ii hing nhfp khiu nguyfn chile hofc Ifip rip til cfic linh kifn nhfp khiu. Dfc bift, nginh nfiy khdng chi If thudc vio edng nghf v i mfiy mdc ben ngofii mfi phin ldn thupng ngudn sfin phim dupe sfin xuit ttong nudc diu nhfp khiu tir nudc ngofii (Hd Lf Nghla, 2011).
Hai Id, khdng tim ttiiy bing chflng vl tic ddng eua ngudn nhfin lyc (SKILL), thdi gian hoat ddng cfla doanh nghifp (AGE) din khi ning duy fri cii tiln cfla cic doanh nghifp cdng nghifp difn Wi thinh phd Hd Chl Minh vl eic hf sd udc lupng cua chung khdng cd y nghia ttidng ki. Kit qufi nfiy phu hpp vdi nghiin cflu eua Lee vfi Gmg (2007) ddi vdi cfic doanh nghifp nhd d Malaysia, nhung n^i ngupc vdi kit qui nghifn cflu cua Seker (2012). Dilu niy cd thi li do phfin Idn cfie doanh nghifp cdng nghifp difn tfl ttifinh phd Hd Chf Minh cd thdi gian hoft ddng ngin (mmg binh 8,5 nfim) vfi frong ttidi gian dfii chfl ylu li gia cdng, lip rip hofc nhfp khiu sfin phim nguyin chile nin nhOng kinh nghifm qufi khfl vfi ky ning ngudi lao ddng khdng cd anh hudng lfch eye din khi nfing duy fri ddi mdi, cfii tiin onng hoft ddng sfin xuit kinh doanh cfla hp.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol 19, No 0 2 - 2016
Ba Id. cac yiu td lien quan din dfc diem ey the cua doanh nghiep nhu: trang thai sd hOu (OWN) va quy md doanh nghiep (SIZE) cd anh hudng tich eye din xie suit duy fri hoat ddng ddi mdi, eii tiin do cac he sd udc lupng cd y nghia thdng ke d cfic mflc 5'!i va 10%. Kit qua nfiy phu hpp vdi nghiin cuu eua Triguero vi Cdrcoles (2013), Segarra va Teruel (2014) cho cie doanh nghiep Tay Ban Nha, Almeida va Femandes (2008). Seker (2012) cho cac doanh nghiep d 43 nude dang phip ttiin tai Chau Phi, ChSu A vi Ddng Au.
4. KET LUAN VA Cgi Y CHINH SACH Nghiin euu dS phit hifn duoc kha ning duy tri hoat dpng ddi mdi, cii tiin frong cae doanh nghifp edng nghiip diin tii thinh phd Hd Chi Minh ehju inh hudng cfla boat ddng ddi mdi. cai tiin trong qui khfl vi trang thai sd hiru, quy md ciia doanh nghifp. Mfc di nghiin ciiu chua xie djnh rd npi dung cua ddi mdi di nang cao hifu qui san xuat kinh doanh nhung lu kit qua tim dupe chflng loi nhan thay ring doanh nghifp va nginh cdng nghifp diin tu thinh phd Hd Chi Minh ttong thdi gian Idi ein thilt phai hoaeh djnh vi trien khai cfic npi dung sau:
TTiii- nhat, eung ed va ling eudng quy md hoft dpng cua doanh nghifp trong do ehfl trpng cung cd quy md sin xufil. Hom nfla, giai phip phit ttien quy md, phit triin sin xufil phii hudng din npi dung ddi mdi, cai tiin di ting cudng hifu qua san .xuii vi kinh doanh eua doanh nghifp.
7>iif hai, ting cudng thu hul dau lu iruc tiep nudc ngoii FDI vao nganh. tuy nhiin vifc thu hut FDI phai chu trpng khuyen khich cfic doanh nghifp FDI diu tu vao san xuit sin phim hoin chinh hofc tham gia khfiu thupng ngudn cfla qufi frinh san xuat sin pham dien tu. Dong thdi, vifc ting cudng thu hiit diu tu FDI phai uu tiin cae FDI cd cong nghf hien dai vdi myc dich san xuat thanh phim ed gii tri gia ting eao.
5. H;^N CHE VA C p l Y CHO CAC NGHIEN CUU TIEP THEO
Nhu da phan tieh, nghien eiiu chi dung lfi tim kiim kha ning duy fri ddi mdi, eai tiln cua doanh nghifp, chua ehi ra dupc npi dung eiia ddi mdi, cai tiin di nang cao hifu qua sin xuit kinh doanh. Hon nOa, nghiin cuu ehua bao qufit hit eie ylu td ben trong doanh nghifp cd kha ning tac dpng din vifc duy fri ho?t ddng ddi mdi nhu: td chfle, quin ly doanh nghifp, ning lye cdng nghe, mue diu tu R&D cua doanh nghifp... Do dd, khi ning giai thich ciia md hinh nghien cuu chua phan inh toin difn eie khia canh doi mdi, cai tiin frong cic doanh nghifp cdng nghifp dien tu TP. Hd Chl Minh.
Dong thdi, cic nghiin cflu tiip theo ed thi md rong sang cie nginh edng nghifp khie ed hoft dpng chil yiu la ehi tie di kiim djnh sy dong gdp eiia yeu td tudi (thdi gian hoft dpng) doanh nghifp vi chit lupng ngudn nhan lyc vio kha ning duy tri eai tiln, ddi mdi trong doanh nghifp.
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TAP CHI' P H A T T R | £ N KH & CN, TAP 19. S 6 0 2 - 2016
Determinants of persistence in innovation of electronics enterprise in Ho Chi Minh city
• Tran Thanh Long
University of Economics and Law, VNU HCM
• Huynh The Nguyen
College of Finance and Customs - Email: fomis.nguyen^a'.gmaiLeom ABSTRACT
This study analyzes Ihe factors affecting the persistence in innovation of enterprises in electronics industry in Ho Chi Minh Cil), using DPM (Dynamic Probit Model) • with MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) and CML (Conditional Maximum Likelihood) estimation method Data are collected from annual enterprise surveys in the period between 2007 and 2013 hy GSO. The results show thai firm
size and foreign ownership affect the persistent innovation of the electronic enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. This indicates that enterprises in Ihe electronic industry in the upcoming lime need to strengthen and enhance size, attract foreign investment to facililale this innovation performance for the stable and sustainable development.
Keywords: Dynamic Random Effects Prohii. Innovtion
TAI Lifu THAM KHAO
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