B ; £ B Kinh tg" - Van hda - Giao diie
YEU TO ANH HU^dNG DEN DUY TRI NGUON NHAN LlTC TRONG CAC KHU C 6 N G NGHIEP TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN RESOURCES MAINTENANCE AT INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN HO CHI MINH CITY
Nghien cieu ndy tap trung nhdn dien vd xdc dinh cdc yiu td dnh hu&ng din duy tri ngudn nhdn lue tgi cdc khu cdng nghiep trin dia bdn TP. Hd Chi Minh. Nghiin cint sir dung ky thugt thu thdp dir Ueu sa cdp qua bdng hdi khdo sdt vd xie ly tren SPSS.
Bdng cdu hdi diiu tra chinh thuc dugc xdy dung lic nghiin cuu dinh linh sau khi ed su tham vdn y kien eua cdc chuyen gia, cdc dir hiu se duge tien hdnh kiim tra. phdn tich, ddnh gid. Bdng ky thudt chgn mdu phdn tdng, kieh ihic&c mdu n = 263, nghien euu khdo sdt lao ddng trong cde khu edng nghiep tgi qudn Tdn Binh. Binh Tdn, Binh Chdnh vd Thii Dice. Phdn tich dd tin cdy Cronbach's Alpha vd phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd EFA, phdn tieh hdi quy bdi dugc dp dung di xdc dfnh muc do dnh hu&ng cua tirng yiu td den duy tri ngudn nhdn luc. Kit qud cho thdy trong cdc yiu to cd dnh hu&ng den duy tri ngudn nhdn luc trong cdc doanh nghiip tgi khu cdng nghiep, yeu td mdi tru&ng ldm viec co tde dgng mgnh nhdt v&i hi sdp = 0.268, ki den Id nhdn to UTI dai khen thu&ng v&i he sd fi == 0.151. vd sau Cling Id nhdn Id quan hi ldnh dao v&l p ^ 0.125.
Tie khda: duy tri ngudn nhdn lue. ngudn nhdn luc, khu cdng nghiep.
1. Gidi thieu
Tlianh phd Hd Chi Minli (TRHCM) ludn di tiSn phong va dgt dupc nhieu thanh tyu xuat sac tren nhieu iTnh vuc, dgc biet la tdc do tang truong kinh te. Tinh din 31/12/2015, TPHCM cd 13 khu cdng nghiep va 3 khu che xuat vdi gan 1.400 du an dau tu con hieu lyc ca dau tu nudc ngoai va trong nudc. Chinh vi vay, nhu cau lao ddng cho khu cdng nghiep (KCN) ndi rieng vao khoang 281.000 (HEPZA, 2015). Theo bao cao cua trung tam dy bao ngudn nhan lyc, mdi nam cac KCN tai TP.HCM can it nhit \k 100.000 Iao dgng nham muc dich thay the cho lyc lupng Iao dflng khflng cdn tiep tuc Iam viec va tuyen mdi bd sung cho cac doanh nghiep (DN) mdi thanh lap hoac DN md rdng san xuit.
' Tien Sl. Trucmg Khoa Kinh le. Tnrdng Cao ddng Tdi chinh Hdi quan
Huynh Thj Thu Suong' Abstract
This paper focuses on identifying and determining the factors affecting the maintenance of human resources at industrial zones in HCM City. The research is conducted by using primary data collecting techniques through survey questionnaires and SPSS-based process. The final questionnaire is formed by the qualitative study based on the experts' consultation; the data will be examined, analyzed and evaluated. By stratified sampling techniques with sample size n = 263. the paper surveyed in the industrial zones in Tan Binh, Binh Tan and Thu Due. Analysis of Cronbach's Alpha reliability. Explore Factor Analysis (EFA) and Muhiple Regression Analysis (RA) were used to determine the degree of influence of each factor to maintain human resources. The results showed that the factors that affect the maintenance of human resources in enterprises in industrial zones conclude environmental working factor which has strong impact with, fi = 0268, factors of incentives and rewards with P = 0151, and the last factor in the relationship leader with fi = 0.125.
Keywords: human resources, maintenance of human resources, industrial zones in HCM City.
Thyc tl phat triln cua TP.HCM trong nhung nam vffa qua ndi chung va sir phat trien cac KCN noi rieng ddi hdi su phat trien ca ve chat va lupng cua luc lugng lao dgng. Tuy nhien, do mdi trudng lao dpng khac nghiet, luong thudng khdng thda dang, mau thuan quyen lpi ciia ngudi quan ly va nhan viSn nen ngirdi lao dong (NLD) khdng gin bd lau dai vdi cac KCN. Ben cgnh dd, khi nhac din moi trudng lam viec trong cac KCN, NLD tfiudng lien tudng din nhung noi iam viec ma d dd da phan NLD cd trinh dp thip, do do tit ylu xay ra sy djch chuyin cua lyc lupng Iao ddng cd trinh do chuyen mdn tdt, co trinh dd van hda cao den cac DN ngoai KCN. Chinh dilu nay khiln tinh trgng nghi viec, nhay viec cua NLD trong cac KCN ngay mgt tang, anh hudng kliflng nhd den kS hoach hoat ddng cua
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Kinh tg"- Van hda - Giao diic KfeM cac DN. Do dd, duy tri ngudn nhan luc dl lao ra
Igi the canh tranh la nhu ciu cip thilt cua cac DN trong bdi canh hien nay, dac biet ddi vdi DN trong cac KCN d TRHCM. Nhu ciu vl ngudn nhan luc Clia cac DN b'ong cac KCN tai TP.HCM, nhit la Iao dgng da qua dao tao tang trudng rat nhanh tu nam 2010. Kha nang dap ung ngudn nhan luc phye vu nhu cau phat triln cua DN trong cac KCN gap rit nhiSu khd khan do viec phat trien ndng cac KCN vS quy md va sd lugng tai TRHCM (HEPZA, 2015). Ddi vdi iao ddng phd thdng, hang nam sau nhung djp nghi le tit, mdt lugng ldn NLD khdng trd lgi DNlam viec . BSn cgnh dd, do ap luc cdng viec va mdi trudng lam viec khac nghiet tai DN trong cac KCN nen luc lupng lao ddng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn cao di chuySn sang lam viec d nhumg DN khac ngoai KCN. DiSu dd da gay ra rat nhiSu khd khan trong dam bao duy tri hoat ddng san xuit kinh doanh cua DN trong cac KCN. NghiSn ciiu cac ySu td anh hudmg dSn viec duy tri NNL tgi cac KCN nham nhan dien rd cac tac nhan va muc dp tac ddng Clia chung den viec duy tri NNL cho cac KCN la viec lam thudng xuyen va cd y nghTa nhat dinh cho cac DN tai cac KCN ndi rieng va TP.HCM ndi chung nham dam bao dugc su phat triln bin vifng ciia dia phuong.
2. Co' sd ly thuyet va phirong phap nghien cuu 2.1. Cg sd ly thuyet va khung phan tich
Duy tri NNL la mdt trong nhung chffc nang quan trgng cua quan tri NT^L nham sur dung cd hieu qua ngudn luc trong DN. Myc dich cua duy tri NNL la lam thi nao de NLD gan bd, Uung thanh vdi td chffc thdng qua cac bien phap: khich IS, ddng vien va cac hogt ddng khac nhim tao ddng luc cho hg lam viec hang say, tan tinh, cd y thuc trach nhiem va hoan thanh cdng viec vdi chat lugng cao. Theo David A.Decenzo (1988), "duy tri ngudn nhan luc"
la tgo ra mot mdi trudng dl NLD cam thiy phan khoi va thilt tha vl cdng viec nhu la mot phan khdng tfil thilu trong cupc sdng cua hp tai DN. Chuc nang nay chii trgng den viec duy tri va su dung cd hieu qua ngudn nhan lyc trong DN, cu the kich thich, ddng viSn lien quan dSn cac chinh sach va cac hoat ddng nhim khuyen khich, ddng vien NLD trong DN lam viec hang say, tan tinh, cd y thffc trach nhiem va hoan thanh cdng viec vdi nang suat cao. Bang viec giao cho NLD nhiing cdng viec mang tinh thach thffc cao, cho hg biet su danh gia cua can bg lanh
dao ve muc do hoan thanh va y nghTa ciia viec hoan thanh cdng viec cua hp ddi vdi hoat dpng cua DN, fra Iuong cao va cflng bang, kjp thdi khen tfiudng cac ca nhan cd sang kien, cai tien ky thugt, cd ddng gdp Iam tang hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh va uy tin ciia DN la nhung bien phap htfu hieu de thu hut va duy tri dugc ddi ngu lao dpng lanh nghe cho DN. Khai niem duy tri NNL, su gan ket hay sy trung thanh ciia NLD la tuong ddng vdi nhau, tuy thupc vao ddi tugng nghien ciru de xac dinh van de la gan ket, trung thanh hay duy tri. Khi ddi tugng nghien Cliu la NLD thi dd la su gin ket, trung thanh; khi ddi tupng nghiSn cuu la DN thi do la duy tri. Tgo dgng luc ldm viic la chuc nang quan trpng nhat cua ngudi lanh dgo va la mdt trong nhung yeu td then chdt dk duy tri N^NL (Bui Anh Tuin, 2009), dgng luc lao ddng la nhifng nhan td ben trong kich thich con ngudl tich cue lam viec trong dieu kien cho phep tgo ra nang suat, hieu qua cao. Bieu hiSn cua dgng lyc la su san sang, nd luc, say me lam viec nhim dat dugc muc tiSu cua td chirc cung nhu ban than ngudi lao ddng. Nhu vay, ddng lyc chinh la sy thuc day ben trong de tgo ra mdt thai do lam viec mang lai hieu qua cao ma td chiic mong mudn.
Ddng lyc phd bien nhat chinh la myc tiSu, neu mufln dgt dupc ket qua cao trong cdng viec phai cd nhftng muc tiSu ro rang. Neu cap quan ly khdng cimg nhan vien ban bac de tim ra nhiing myc tieu dung dan va kha thi thi nhan vien se khdng biSt nhiing diSu do dugc trdng dgi thuc hien va cung khdng quan tam din hieu qua cdng viec.
Mdt sd cdng trinh nghien ctiu ve cac nhan td anh huflng den duy tri NNL tren the gidi va tai Viet Nam trong nhieu nganh nghl khac nhau da dugc nghien cifu, cu the: Chew va cdng su (2005) nghiSn Cliu ve duy tri ngudn nhan luc chii chdt trong DN;
Bidyut Bijoya Neog va Mukulesh Barua (2015) nghien cuu vS cac ySu td anh hudng den duy tri nhan vien trong cac xuong dich vy d td tai tinh Assam - An Dp; Atif Salman va cdng sy (2014) nghien cuu cac yeu td anh hudng den duy tri nhan vien trong ITnh vyc ngan hang d Pakistan [dan theo NguySn Thj Thuy Nga va Nguyen Thi Binh An (2014) trong nghiSn cffu vS cac ylu td anh huong den duy tri va phat trien ngudn nhan lyc y te];
Trjnh Ba Sang (2015) nghiSn cifu cac yen tfl anh hudng din duy tri NNL tai Cdng ty TNHH djch vu hang hda Tan Son nhit. Hau het cac nghiSn cuu trSn diu sff dyng phuong phap nghien ciiu hdn hgp
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E M Kinh t e - v a n h d a - G i a o due giiia dinh tinh va dinh lugng, trong dd dimg md hinh EFA va RA de tim ra cac ylu td va mifc dp tac ddng cua chung din vin dS duy tri NNL, gdm:
mdi trudng lam viec, bo tri cdng viec, ca hpi phat triln, uu dai va khen thuomg, van hda DN, quan he lao ddng.
2.2. Khung phan tich ve cac yen to anb hirdng den duy tri NNL
2.2.1 Mdi lien hi giica mdi tru&ng ldm viec v&i sic duy tri cua NLD
YIU t l quan trpng nhit anh hudng den su cam kit ciia NLD la sy nhan thffc cua cip quan ly vl tim quan trpng cua cupc sdng gia dinh va ca nhan (Stum 1998). Ddi vdi nhiSii NLD, hoan canh va nhung uu tiSn ca nhan se lam nen su khac biet giua viec rdi bd hay gin bd vdi DN. NhiSu NLD se d lai vdi DN khi DN xem xet rd rang va quan tam nhifng uu tiSn ca nhan, cham sdc sffc khde, chia se khd khan, quan tam dSn gia dinh ciia NLD va nhirng nhu ciu ca nhan. Dd chinh la mdi trudng lam viec tdt ma DN tao ra cho hp (Gonyea & Googins, 1992; Kamennan & Kahn, 1987). Do do, gia thuylt dgt ra la: Mdi tru&ng ldm viic trong DN tdt segia tdng suduy tri cita NLD ddi v&i DN. (H1+).
2.2.2 Mdi quan he giira ndi dung cdng viic vd su duy tri cua NLD
Theo McKeown (2002), ndi dung cdng viec bao gdm pham vi cdng viec dugc giao va quyen tu chii trong cdng viec. Neog va Barua (2015) va McKeown (2002) cd ciing quan diem khi cho ring NLD thudng mong mudn lam nhimg cdng viec cd ndi dung thu vj va hg cd quyen ty chu trong cdng viec. Chew va cpng su (2005) chi ra rang NLD ludn mong muon dugc the hien nang luc ca nhan va ddng gdp cho td chuc thdng qua viec hp mong dpi dugc giao cho nhifng cdng viec cd tinh sang tao va nhieu thff thach. BSn canh dd, hp cdn mong mudn dupc tu chu xif ly cac van de lien quan den cdng viec, kiSm soat cdng viec va dugc khuyen khich de dua ra nhifng sang kiln (McKeovm 2002; Neog
& Barua 2015). Nhifng NLD cd mong mudn dugc ddng gdp nhieu cho cdng ty thudng cd y thffc gan kSt vdi cdng ly dai lau (Neog & Barua 2015). Phgm Thi Anh va Nguyen Thj Hdng Dao (2013), Nguyin Thj Tnic Phuang (2010), McKeown (2002) va Chew et al. (2005) deu ciing quan diem nhu vgy. Do dd, gia thuyet dgt ra la: NLD dugc bd tri cdng viec phii
hgp v&i chuyen mdn cita hg se gia tdng su duy tri cuahg v&i DN. (H2+).
2.2.3 Mdi lien h4 giira ca hgi phdt trien nghe nghiep v&i su duy tri cua NLD
NLD dugc mong dgi mang nhftng kiln thifc, kJ nang mdi ap dyng vao cdng viSc cua hp va chia se chung vai nhifng NLD khac. Viec dao tgo cung cap cho NLD nhung k5^ nang thilt thyc hogc giiip hp bii dip nhung thilu hyt kiln thffc hoac ky nang de hoan thanh cong vi^c. Trong khi dd, phat trien la mpt nd lyc de cung cap cho NLD nhiing kha nang ma td chffc can trong tuomg lai (Wilk & Sackett, 1996). Phat triln ky nang cd thi bao gdm viec cai thien kiln thuc ve bi quyet cdng nghS ca ban, kJ nang giao tiep va kha nang xff ly van dS (Chew va cpng su 2005). Nhieu nghien ciiu cho ring co mdi quan he chat che giira ca hdi phat trien nghe nghiep vdi su gin kit cua NLD nhu Chew va cgng su (2005), Neog va Barua (2015), Salman va cdng su (2014), NguySn Thi Thiiy Nga va Nguyen Thi Binh An (2014), McKeown (2002), Pham Thi Anh va NguySn Thi Hdng Dao (2013), Nguyin Thi Tnlc Phuang (2010). Do do, gia thuylt dat ra la: DNco chinh sdch ddo tgo phdt trien nghe nghiip cho NLD tdt se gia ldng su duy tri cua hg v&i DN, (H3+).
2.2.4 Mdi liin he giua che dg uu dai, khen thu&ng v&i duy tri cua NLD
NLD thudng cd xu hudmg gin ket vdi td chffc khi hg cam thay rang kha nang, su cd gang va thanh qua ddng gdp dupc cdng ty ghi nhan va danh gia cao. Viec NLD dugc ghi nhan tff cac cap quan Iy true tilp, cac thanh vien trong nhdm va tft khach hang se thffc day sy gin ket cua hg vdi td chffc (Walker 2001). Cac nha nghiSn cffu khac cung dong y vdi quan diem nay nhu Chew va cdng sy (2005), Nguyin Thi Thuy Nga va Nguyin Thi Binh An (2014), McKeown (2002), Pham Thi Anh va NguySn Thj Hdng Dao (2013), NguySn Thi Tnic Phuong (2010). Do dd, gia thuylt dgt ra la:
DNcd chi do uu ddi vd khen thu&ng tdt segia tdng su duy tri cua NLD ddi v&i DN. (H4+).
2.2.5 Mdi quan h4 giira vdn hoa DN vd su duy tri cita NLD
Van hda DN dugc md ta nhu la sue manh vd hinh djnh hinh cu$c sdng trong to chffc (Fitz-enz, 1990). Hpc thuylt va kilu quan ly, md tfiffc giao tilp va chinh sach tao ra sy ddng dgng trong DN.
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Kinh te" - Van hda - Giao due fj^JI NLD thudng tham gia vao mpt td chffc hoac tim
kiem cdng viec trong mdt ITnh vyc cu thS bdi vl hp tim ra su loi cudn trong van hda ciia cflng ly vdi ban than hp. Khi van hda thay dfli, hoac thay dfli he thong quan ly mdi thi nhilu ngudi trong DN se cam thay khdng thoai mai din dSn hp se tim kilm mgt DN khac phii hpp vdi van hda ciia hp (Stum 1998). Nhieu nha nghien cffu cung cho rang moi quan he giiia van hda DN va su gin kit cua NLD la ludn tin tai nhu Chew va cpng su (2005), NguySn Thi Thuy Nga va NguySn Thi Binh An (2014), McKeown (2002), Pham Thi Anh va Nguyin Thi Hdng Dao (2013), Nguyin Thj Tnic Phuang (2010). Do dd gia thuySt dugc dat ra la: Vdn hda DN phii hgp se gia tdng su duy tri eua NLD v&i DN, (H5+).
2.2.6 Mdi lien hi giica quan he lanh dgo vdsu duy tri eda NLD
Theo Chew va cpng sy (2005), cac nghien cuu trong qua khu da chi ra quan he lanh dao chuyin ddi (transformational leadership) cd mdi liSn he cao vdi thda man cam nhan ciia NLD. Yammarino va Bass (1990) da chiing minh rang anh hudng tich cue cua Ianh dao chuyen ddi trong td chiic se mang den ket qua la xu hudng rdi bd td chuc cua NLD se thap va gia tang hanh vi gan ket vdi td chuc cua NLD. Nhieu nghien cifu trudc day da chting minh rang cd mdi quan he tich cue giua quan he lanh dao vdi sy gan ket cua NLD nhu Chew va cdng su
(2005), Yammarino va Bass (1990), NguySn Thj True Phu'ong (2010). Do dd, gia thuylt dugc dat ra la: Mdi quan hi tdt giiia NLD v&i lanh dao cua hg se gia tdng su duy tri ciia hg v&i DN, (H6+).
2.2.7 Mdi lien hi giiea quan he ddng nghiep v&i stf duy tri cua NLD
NLD y thffc d Igi vdi DN khi hp cd mdi quan he tdt vdi nhung ngudi khac trong cung td DN cd lien quan trong cdng viec hang ngay cua hg (Clarke 2001). DN khuyin khich NLD xay dyng hinh thffc lam viec nhdm va cac mdi quan he xa hdi khac ngay trong thdi gian lam viec va ngoai thdi gian lam viec. Dya tren nhdm lam viec la ca sd dl thilt lap mfli quan he giua cac thanh vien. Xay dyng mdi quan he hieu qua vdi nhung NLD khac se cang lam gia tang ldng trung thanh ciia hp vdi td chuc (Chew va cdng su 2005). Do dd, gia thuySt dgt ra la: Mdi quan he tdt giira NLD v&i cdc ddng nghiip khdc trong DN se gia tdng suduy tri ciia hg v&i DN, (H7+).
• * Dya vao ca sd ly thuySt vS duy tri NNL, nghien ciiu nay nham tim hieu cac ySu td anh huong din duy tri NNL ciia NLD ddi vdi DN. iTng dyng md hinh nghien ciru ciia McKeovm (2002) cimg vdi viec tham khao cac cdng trinh nghien cuu cd lien quan dSn de tai, ket hgp vdi thyc tien tinh hinh duy tri NNL tgi dia ban nghiSn ciiu, thdng qua viec phdng van chuyen gia va thao luan nhdra, tac gia de xuat md hinh nghien cffu ban dau nhu sau:
Moi tmong lam viec Bd tri c d i ^ vffic C 0 hpi phat t r &
I/u dai va Idien thudng VanlioaDN Moi quan he Mnh dao Mdi quan he vai dong
n^iiep
H4 f+) ~ ~ " ~ ~ ' ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ Buv tri ngudn nhan luc
Hinh l.Md hinh nghien cdu dexudt
So 22, thdng 7/2016
P S M Kinh te - Van hda - Giao due
*
0,679
UDKT2 QHLD3 QHLB4 QHLD 1 QHLB2 QHDN4 QHDN3 QHDN 1 QHDN2 Gia tri ri£ng
Fhtrgng sai trich % 14,554 26,881 39,179 48,713 66,723 He sS tin c3y Cronbach's
Alpha 0,791 0,825 0,854 0,644
Nguon: Kit qua phan tich du lieu tren 263 phieu Ithao sdt lao dgng lai cdc KCN TP.HCM, 2015.
Bdng 3. Ket qua EFA cda bien phii lliuoc Yeu to
Bien quan sat . DTI
DT2 DT3 Eigenvalue Phtrtrne sai trich (%J
He so tin cav
0,852 0.860 0.845 2,217 73.895 0.662 Ngudn: Kit qud phdn tich die lieu trin 263 phieu khdo sdl lao ddng tgi cdc KCN TP.HCM, 2015.
Sau khi tien hanh cac budc danh gia thang do
va phan tich nhan to kham pha, t u d u lieu ban &\a gdm 54 b i l n quan sat vdi 8 thanh phin nhan to so biSn da giam cdn 35 biSn quan sat dugc chffa d p g trong 7 ySu td. Ket qua phan tich nhan td dfli voi thang do nay cho chiing ta thay cac biSn cd do ket dinh va cung phan anh mdt pham trii, dd la duy tri N N L . Kiem dinh m d hinh hdi qui dugc thyc hien bang each s u dung ky thuat hdi qui tren phan meni SPSS va p h u o n g phap Enter d e d u a cac biSn tac dpng mgnh vao trudc sau dd loai dan biSn tac dong ySu ra vdo phuomg trinh hdi qui.
Bdng 4: Kit qud kiim dinh md hinh nghiin cihi Mo H6 so tuong He s6 xic djnh He so x4c dinh c6 tuong quan
hinh quan (R^] hieu chinh Sai so udc lugng Durbin-Watson
Ngudn: Kel qud phdn tich dir lieu trin 263 phieu khdo sdt lao dgng tgi cdc KCN TP.HCM, 2015.
Bdng 5: Kel qud kiim dinh cdc gid thuyit nghiin cd'u He so
chua chuan hda
He so chuin \ Mixcy Thong kg da c6ng hoa Gid trj thong n_ghTa tuyin ' '" ;; : ke (t) thong k6 -—~ TTT^
Sai s i chuan Beta (Sig!)* Tolerance V I F ^ (hang soi 0.001
QHLD 0.126 0.056 QHDN 0.007 0.061
0.020 0.984
Q.I 26 2.055 0.041 0.832 .202 _
.210 ^ 1 UDKT 0.151
0.066
.464 _ .255 _ Tuang quan co y nghia a muc 5%
1
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Kinh tg" - Van hda - Giao due W(i ^ Bang 5 he sd hdi quy cho thiy mffc dd tac dgng
Clia tffng nhan td anh hudng trong md hinh din duy tri ngudn nhan lyc. Theo dd, cac ylu td MT (Mdi trudng Iam viec), kl din la ylu t l UDKT (Uu dai va khen thudng), QHLD (Quan he lanh dgo) la cd tac dpng manh nhit din duy tri ngudn nhan luc. Cac ylu td CH (Ca hpi dao tgo va phat triln) va BT (Bd tri cdng viec) cd tac ddng rat yeu den duy tri ngudn nhan luc, tham chi ylu td QHDN hau nhu khdng cd tac ddng den duy tri ngudn nhan luc. Ddng thdi, xac djnh dugc ba yeu td cd anh hudng den duy tri ngudn nhan lyc trong DN bao gdm: Quan he lanh dao, Uu dai khen thudng va Mdi trudng lam viec. Phuang trinh bdi quy Duy tri ngudn nhan luc chuin hda cd dgng nhu sau:
DT = 0.268 * M P -I- 0.151 * UDKP + 0.126
* QHLD' + 0,033CH''' + 0,033 BP-i- 0,007 QHDN"'
Trong dd, s : Mffc y nghTa thdng kS; ns : Khong cd ^ nghia thdng kS
3.2 Thao luan ket qua nghidn ciru
Ket qua nghien cuu nay gin tuang ddng vdi mdt sd nghiSn cffu lien quan, dua trSn kit qua nghien ciiu va sa luge cac nghien cuu trudc day vdi nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau, cac nha nghiSn cffu cd 16 ylu td anh hudng din su duy tri ngudn nhan Iuc. 0 mdi ITnh vuc, cac nha nghien cffu de xuat va chung minh cac yeu td anh hudng den duy tri ngudn nhan lyc trong cac td chffc khac nhau. Tuy nhien, cflng cd su khac biet, dd chinh la md hinh chi tdn tgi ba ylu td ca ban tac ddng din viSc duy tri NNL tai cac KCN TPHCM. Dilu nay dugc ly giai bdi mlu khao sat la cdng nhan, nhung ngudi lao dgng cd trinh dp khdng cao, ddng lyc va mdi quan tam hang diu ciia hp va cd the giu chan hg d Igi vdi DN la quan he gifta lanh dgo vdi hp cung nhu giifa hg vdi ddng nghiSp; khen thudng dac biet bing vat chat la rat quan trpng va mdi trudng lam viec an toan dam bao sue khde cho hp.
4. Ket luan va ggi y chinh sach 4.1 Ket lu^n
Kit qua nghiSn cffu cho thiy duy tri NNL tgi cac KCN tren dia ban TRHCM chju tac ddng bdi ba ylu td chinh la: Quan he lanh dao, Uu dai va khen thudng, Mdi trudng lam viec. NghTa la mdt DN trong khu cdng nghiep cd mdi trudng lam viec
tdt, hoac cd chinh sach uu dai khen thudng tdt, hogc quan he Ianh dgo tdt hoac hai hoac ca ba ylu td tren deu lam gia tang su gan bd cua nhan viSn vdi DN. Hay ndi each khac, mdt DN trong khu cdng nghiSp lam tot dupc cac yeu to tren day se duy tri tdt ngudn nhan luc cua DN dd. Trong cac ylu to cd anh hudng din duy tri ngudn nhan luc trong cac DN trong khu cdng nghiep, ylu td mdi trudng lam viec cd tac ddng manh nhit vdi he s6 p
= 0.268, ke dSn la Uu dai khen thudng vdi he sd p ^ 0.151, va thu ba la Quan he lanh dao vdi p = 0.125.
4.2 Goi y chinh sach
Su thanh cdng hay that bai cua cdng ty phu thudc rat ldn vao viec duy tri va sff dung hieu qua NNL. Khi NNL thudng xuySn thay ddi se tgo ra nhung khd khan cho nha quan trj trong viec kiem soat va diSu hanh. Dya tren ca sd ly thuylt va kit qua phan tich md hinh hdi quy, tac gia dl xuat mpt sd npi dung nham nang cao hieu qua ddi vdi cdng tac duy tri NNL tai cac KCN TPHCM gdm:
4.2.1 Duy tri NNL thdng qua tgo mdi trudng lam viec tdt, ddi tugng khao sat chil yeu la cdng nhSn va lao ddng phd thdng, hp thudng xuyen phai lam viec trong mdi trudng lam viec khac nghiet, thudng xuySn phai tang ca va moi ngudi phu trach mpl may lam viec ddc lap nhau nen trong cdng viec hp khdng cd su tiep xuc qua lgi vdi cac nhan viSn khac va cang khdng co sy tuang tac trong cdng viec. Ben canh dd, do muc luong cua tat ca cac cdng nhan cd tham nien cdng tac va ndi dung cdng viec nhu nhau la bang nhau nen giua cac cdng nhan trong cdng ty hau khdng cd sy xung dot quySn lpi vdi nhau. NLD Iam viec d DN trong cac khu cdng nghiep cd mdi trudng Iam viec tdt se thuc day hp duy tri cdng viec vdi DN, trong dd, NLD quan tam nhiSu den cac yeu td nhu bau khdng khi lam viec vui ve, nai lam viec thoang dang mat me, mdi trudng Iam viec thoai mai am cung va thdi gian lam viec hgp ly. Do dd, cac DN can cai thien mdi trudng lam viec tdt hon nham duy tri NNL cho DN minh, cu the DN can phai bd tri thdi gian Iam viec hop Iy, tao dieu kien cho cdng nhan cd thdi gian nghi ngai giai tri dl tai tao sue lao ddng. Ddng thdi, DN can giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudng trong khu vyc xung quanh noi Iam viec, cai tao nha xudng de cd khdng gian lam So 22, thdng 7/2016 l o i