KHAO CUU CACH GHI DIA DANH THUAN VIET TRONG CAC TRAN TONG XA DANH BI LAM
LA MINH H A N G '*'
N
gudn thu lich ghi bing chir Hdn, chii Ndm la cdn cii quan trpng de nghien cum ljch sir ndng thdn Vift Nam ndi chung va dja danh hpc ndi rieng.Hifn nay tai Vifn Nghien ciiu Hdn Ndm cdn luu giii khd nhieu tu lifu ghi chep ve dja danh nhu O chdu can luc (1548
1553), Phu bien tgp luc (1776), Hodhg Viet nhdt thdng du dia chi (1860), Nhdt thong du dia chi (1806), Dgi Nam du dia chi udc bien (1905), Nam Viet du dia chi (1889 1916), Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi, Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi luge bien, Hdi Duang dia du. Tuy nhien, phdi den ddu the ki XIX mdi xuit hifn cac cdng trinh chuyen khdo cim gidi thifu ve dja danh, nhu Cdc trdn tdng xd danh bi ldm (1802-1819), Danh muc cdc ldng xd Bdc ki (1928)^'^ vd Dja danh vd tdi lieu lieu trie ve ldng xd Bdc ki (1999)^^^
Trong 3 bd sdch neu tren, Cdc trdn tdng xa danh bi ldm {CTTXDBL) dugc nhdc den nhieu hom trong cdc ludn an vd cdng trinh khdo cuu vl dja danh sau ndy.
CTTXDBL cd 567 dja danh dugc ghi bdng chir Ndm (dja danh thuin Vift).
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Bdi viet lan ndy lap trung khdo cuu ve cdch ghi dja danh thuan Vift trong CTTXDBL thdng qua vifc khdo sdt ve cau tao hinh thiic vd ndi dung cua cac dja danh neu tren.
1. Cau true ngi bo cua dja danh Ndi den cau tnic ndi bd tiic Id mudn de cap den mat ngi dung cua dja danh, bdi viet se tap trung khdo ciru dia danh thudn Vift tren phuang difn ngii dm vd vdn tu sir dyng.
I.J. Dja danh thudn Vift xet vi mgt ngir dm
Trong cdc nghien cuu ve dia danh deu xdc djnh: mdt phirc the dia danh gdm thdnh td chung vd dja danh ten rieng khu bift ddi tugng (ggi tdt dia danh - LMH), vi dy: thdn Yeu, nui Kim Quan San... cd thdn, nui la thdnh td chung, Yeu vd Kim Quan San la dia danh. Dia danh dugc ghi bdng van tu cua cdc dan tgc (chu Hdn, chir Ndm Viet, Ndm Tdy...) Trong bdi vilt nay,
<*' TS. Vifn Nghien ciru Han Ndm
chiing tdi lap trung khdo cuu ve dia danh ghi bdng cdc dang chii Ndm (Ndm Vift, Ndm Tdy... cdn ggi dia danh thuan Vift). Dja danh thuin Vift ghi trong CTTXDBL cd sd lugng am liet klidng thdng nhat: cd dja danh cd 1, 2, 3 va tham chi cd dia danh cd tdi 6 am lilt.
* Dia danh 1 am tiet: Cdc dja danh thuan Vift 1 am tiet dimg de ghi ten ggi rieng ciia dom vj hanh chinh cap thdn (30 dja danh), vorP^ (4 dja danh), sach^''^ (1 dja danh) vd trai (1 dja danh). Cac ten gpi Ihudmg dugc diing de dat ten cho cdc dom vi hanh chinh neu tren gdm cdc lir:
Danh tir chi loai dja hinh: Bai, Ben, Cdn, Ddng, Liing, Ma, Ngdi, Non, Niii, Rudng; Rdo (tieng Tdy, nghTa "sdng nhd").
Vi dy: thdn Ngdi, van Cdn, thdn Rao...
- Danh tir chi dom vi hanh cliinh: Xdm, Ldng. "Lang" va "xdm" vdn Id dom vj hdnh chinh, nay lai dugc dimg de ghi ten thdn, vi dy: thdn Lang, thdn Xdm;
- Danh tir chi ddc trung, sdn vat rieng cua tirng dia phuang, nhu: Bira (nghTa "cdi bira"), Ngdi, Ga, Hin, Voi deu dugc dung ghi dja danh. Vi dy: van Hen, van Gd, van Ngdi, trai Voi;
- Danh tir chi udc mudn cua dan dia
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phuomg: Sang (nghTa "gidu sang"), Sdng (nghTa "sinh sdng"). Vi dy: thdn Sang, thdn Sdng;
Dja danh 01 am tilt Id dja danh nguyen goc. Mdt sd dia danh 01 am tilt cd the dimg ldm yeu td chinh phy cho cau tnic dia danh mdi vdi sd lugng am tiet nhieu hom.
* Dia danh 2 am tiet: Tir cdc dja danh chi loai dia hmh (1 am tiet) cd the tao nen nhilu cdc dia danh khac nhau vdi sd
lugng am tilt nhilu hom (2 hoac 3 am till) tlieo cdng thiic: lu chi loai dja hinh + X = DjADANHMdi.
Vi dy: danh lir chi loai dja hinh
"Ben" da dugc diing lam ten gpi cho nhieu thdn d Iran Hdi Duang vd Iran Thanh Hda, bang each them 01 ylu td khu bift vdo sau "ben", tao thdnh cac dia danh mdi, nhu: trang Bin Bai, xa Bin Chudng, thdn Ben Da, phudmg Bin Hanh, trang Ben Vang... liic nay "ben" trd thanh yeu Id chinh phy trong kel cau djnh danh song tiet cua cdc dja danh mdi, la thanh td chung cho nhieu dia danh mdi.
Cdc tir chi loai dja hinh (1 am tiet) ddng vai trd thanh Id chung (cdn gpi thanh td phy) trong ket cau dia danh 02
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am tiet, gdm: bai, ben, cdn, ddng, ddng, eo, kenh, khudi va nam (nghTa "sudi"), lung, na vd ndi (/na) (nghTa "ddng rudng"), ngdi, niii, non, pha, qudn, sudi, trai vd tram.
Cdc yeu td nhu: cay, be. Id... ciing cd the trd thanh yeu td tham gia cau tao dia danh mdi theo cdng thiic: cay + ten gidng cay dugc. trdng d dia phuomg;
hodc: be + phuomg vi tir (thugng/ha).
Ngoai ra, cd 1 sd dja danh mang tinh cd bift, rieng cd ciia limg dia phuang, khdng tuan theo cdng thiic cau lao neu tren, vi dy: thdn Doi Sudi, thdn Soi Hai, trang Thay Dai, trai Bdo Giai (tran.Nghf An) vd sdch Thiiy Da (tran.Thanh Hoa)...
* Dia danh 3 am tiet: loai nay cd
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sd lugng khdng nhieu. Nhdm cdc dia danh loai nay mang tinh ca bift cao, khdng theo 1 quy tdc cau tao chung.
Bdi vay, chiing khdng cd sue san sinh cdc dia danh mdi (nhu loai dja danh 2
TAP CHi HAN NOM so 2 (105) - 2011 LA IVIINH HANG am till). Ap dyng phuang phdp phan
lich cdc thanh td Iruc liep tham gia cau lao dja danh thdn Chg Ben Da, cd the nhan thay:
Chg Ben Da (ten thdn, dja danh 3 am tiet)
chg + Ben Da (ten thdn, dia danh 2 am tiet)
i
Ben (ten thdn, dja danh 1 am lilt)) + da
Nhu \ay, "ben" la ten ggi ciia 1 thdn a \cn sdng cd ben sdng —+ thdn Ben (dja danli 1 ani tiet, dja danh cap 1). Q 1 dia phuang khac lai thdy diing "bin" vdi tu cdch la yeu Id gdc kel hgp vdi yeu to chi loai hinh thd nhuong "da" dl dat ten cho ban thdn do cd ben sdng dugc xdy bang dd —> dja danh thdn Ben Da (dja danh cap 2, cap trung gian). Lai thay cd dja phuang kit hgp "Bin Da" vdi "chg" (dan vj hdnh chinh) dk ghi dja danh thdn Chg Ben Da (dja danh cap 3). Khi dat ten nhu vay, dan thdn mudn phan bift ten ggi thdn ban minh vdi ten ggi cdc thdn lang khac: thdn Chg Bin Dat, thdn Chg Bin Cdt, hay thdn Chg Bin Ca... Cdc dja danh thdn Ngd Hdng Tning (phu Hoai Dirc- thudc phd Ddng Thdi, ndm trong khu phd cd Hd Ndi ngdy nay), thdn Ngd Hang Cd (phii Hoai Due)... deu cd the dp dyng phuang phap neu tren de phan lich ciu tao.
Cdc dja danh khac nhu: phudng Bin Cao Ngan, phudng Nga Ba Cdn, phudng Nga Ba Mac, ddng Ban Nd Diln diu thudc nhdm cac dja danh 3 am tilt.
* Dja danh 4 am tiet: Trong dja danh 4 am tilt, "vdng nhi" vd "tiir chiing"
la 2 yeu to cd sire sdn sinh dia danh mdi, cdng thiic nhu sau:
vdng nhi/ lir chieng + X = DIA DANH M 6 1
Vi dy: van Vdng nhi dng Hucmg;
phudng Tu chieng tnic vdng-**
Mgt sd dia danh 4 am tiet khde cd cau tnic lu do, khdng luan theo quy tdc cau lao, vi dy: trai Bd y keo dua, trai Pha Ian sudi phdt;
Cd the thay rd, trong sd cdc loai neu tren thi cdc dja danh 3 - 4 am tiet cd sd lugng han che vd gan nhu khdng tudn thii theo quy tdc cau tao nhat djnh; dia danh 1 vd 2 am tiet giii vai trd chii dao, hai loai nay cd mdi quan hf qua lai khd gdn giii.
1.2. Ngon ngu, vdn tu sir dung trong dia danh
De ghi lai dia danh thuin Vift, cd the diing chir Ndm Kinh hodc chii Ndm dan tdc. Cd dja danh chi dimg mdt dang van tu de ghi lai, tuy nhien ciing khdng il dja danh dugc ghi bdng 2 dang vdn tu khac nhau. Xet tren phuang difn ngdn ngii vdn tu, cd the chia thdnh 2 nhdm chinh nhu sau:
a. Nhdm dja danh chi ghi bang 1 dang van ty (thuan nhdt ve phuang difn ngdn ngur vdn lu): hodc dimg chir Ndm Kinh hodc dimg chii Ndm dan tdc
* Vdi cdc dja danh 1 am tilt, ngdn ngir sir dyng hien nhien chi cd mdt dang duy nhat (dom nhat v l vdn tu). Vi dy:
Cdc dja danh ghi bdng chii Ndm Kinh: Bai %, Bin >t, Cdn j ^ , Ddng;{^, Md J4, Ngdi />F, Non ^ , Nudc y^, Niii
^ , Rugng "li; Xdm "B,, Lang /^, Bira ^C, Ngdi iJl, Ga m, Hin ¥g, Voi i$,. Sang
^ , Sdng ^ .
Cdc dja danh ghi bdng chii Ndm dan tdc, nhu: Liing Fii, Rao ° ^
* Vdi dia danh da am tiet, trong phan khdo cuu nay, chiing tdi budc dau tap tnmg vao nhdm dja danh 2 am tiet.
Hifn tugng thuan nhdt ve ngdn ngii vdn tu the hlfn d vifc cd 2 yeu td cau thdnh dja danh deu dugc ghi bang chir Ndm Kinh hodc deu dugc ghi bang chii Ndm dan tdc. Sa dd cau lao cua loai dja danh nay nhu sau:
- CHU NOM KINH + CHU NOM KINH: trong cac dja danh thdn Ben Da
•^i^, trang Trai Se ^fli^, thdn Ciu Chdy^.^ i^i, xa Bai Rudng iS"!!,, trang Bin Bai / t [ i l , trai Cdy Gao 4« #-, thdn Bai Ddng l-Is], thdn Bai Giira 'i^?^, trai Cdy Dira ; ^ ^ # . . . cd 2 yeu td cau thdnh dja danh deu dugc ghi bang chii Ndm Kinh.
C H C N O M D A N TOC + CHU NOM DAN TQC thudc vao loai ndy Id trudmg hgp hai yeu td cau thdnh cua cdc dia danh: phd Nd Phja ^ ^ , trgi Nd Pja
^ f e , trgi Phja Hodng "t^t, trgi Pe Ludng ; ^ ^ ... diu dugc ghi bdng chii Ndm Tay.
b. Nhdm dja danh khdng thuan nhat vl ngdn ngir, vdn tu: d moi mdt dom vi dja danh loai nay cd sy hifn difn song song cua hai dang van tu khde nhau. Thudc vao lihdm nay gdm cd cdc dang sau:
* CHU NOM KINH + CHlT NOM DAN XOC:
Vi du 1: trong kit ciu dia danh trai Khudi Tdm ii,fc (trin Cao Bdng), cd
"khudi" (Ndm Tdy, nghTa "sudi") kit hgp vdi "tdm" (Ndm Kinh);
Vi dy 2: trong ket cau dja danh xa Ddng Na (sj fl^ (xir Thai Nguyen) vd dja danh thdn Rudng Na "E^P (trin Nghf An) deu cd na (chii Thdi) kel hgp vdi ddng (hodc rugng) (ehtr Ndm Kinh).
* CHU H A N + CHU' NOM KINH
Trong kel cau dja danh thon Phu Rugng %'^'^, cd phu (chir Han nghTa
"gidu cd") ket hgp vdi rugng (chii Ndm Kinh); trong kel cau dia danh sdch Kim Den -irM, cd kim (chir Hdn nghTa "vdng bac") kel hgp vdi den (chii Ndm Kinh).
Hai dja danh neu tren deu cd cau tnic theo trat ty lir phap tieng Han (dinh ngir diimg trudc trung tam ngii), "phii" vd
"kim" trong trudmg hgp ndy khdng phdi la chii Ndm (thudc lieu loai vay mugn), day la mdt chii Hdn.
* CHlT NOM DAN TOC + C H C HAN:
C) vimg mien mii phia Bac, nhan dan hai nudc Vift Trung cd quan hf ldng gilng, tham hdi, thdng thuang hdng ngdy. Cdc ghi chep ve dia danh d viing bien da phdn dnh mdi quan hf gan giii dd: ben canh cdc dia danh ghi bdng vdn tu dan tdc, khdng it cdc dia danh dugc ciu lao bdi 2 yeu td: chii Hdn + chii dan tdc. Vi dy cac dja danh trai Nd Diln ^ W , ddng Khudi Dat i ^ i t vd ddng Khudi Trang J^ ^ (trin Cao Bdng)... cd nd, khudi (chii Ndm Tay) ket hgp vdi dien, dgt hodc trgng deu Id cdc chii Han.
Cd the thay, mdi dia danh ra ddi gdn vdi lich sir, xa hdi, dia li, dan cu, ngdn ngii cua mdt dan tdc, mdt viing dit nhit dinh: cdc dia danh dugc ghi bdng 1 chii Ndm Kinh (hoac bang chir Ndm dan tdc) ket hgp vdi 1 chii Hdn
TAP CHi HAN NOM so 2 (105) - 2011 L/i IVIINH HANG da the hien mdi quan hf gdn bd vc lich
sir lau dai trong qua trinh tiep xuc vdi vdn hod Han ciia cgng ddng cu dan Vift, thl hicn tinh hinh dja li, cu dan ciia cdc dan tdc mien mii phia Bac nai cd dudng bien va cd boat ddng thdng thuang lau ddi vdi nudc lang gieng Trung Qudc. Cac dja danh dugc ghi bang 1 chii Ndm Kinh ket hgp 1 chir Ndm dan loc da the hicn linh hinh cdng cu, linh than doan ket dan ldc trong dai gia dinh cac dan ldc Vift Nam ciing chung tay xay dirng thdn xdm, ban lang.
2. Cau tnic hinh thiic ciia dia danh Mdt dja danh dugc cau tao bdi hai bd phan: npi dung va hinli thirc. Khao cim
\e hinh thirc ciia dja danh, liic la di tim hieu nguyen tac dat ten, ndi cdch khac la di lim hieu phuang Ihiic dinh danh
Khao ciiu CTTXDBL thay: ngodi mdt sd it dja danh cd cau true dan (gdm cac dja danh dan am va dja danh da liet mang linh chat dan le, khdng cd khd ndng sdn sinh dja danh mdi) mdt phirc thl dja danh trong CTTXDBL lhdng thudng gdm hai bg phan: thanh td chung vd ten rieng. Thanh Id chung trong phiic the dja danh phan ldn chi loai hinh dia li nhu ddi, nui, sdng, sudi, xd, thdn, bdn, cdu, diedng, cira khdu vd nhin chung y nghTa cua thdnh to chung chu yeu phdn dnh birc tranh dja hinh d miic do khdi qudt. Ten rieng, thuc chit la dja danh, dugc cau tao theo cdc phuang thirc djnh danh khde nhau.
Giiia hai bd phan nay cd moi quan hf chinh phy (thdnh Id chung = ylu to
chinh vd ten rieng = ylu td phy). Khdo ciru phuang thiic djnh danh trong CTTXDBL, cd thl thay:
* Thanh Id chung, gdm: danh tir chi loai hinh dja li, hodc danh tir chi dan vj hanh chinh; danh tir chung chi lodi (cay, hoa, con), tir chi ngdnh nghe budn ban hodc sdn xudt (diing chir
"hang"); cdc danh lir khac, gdm: lir chi ngudi (dng, ba), sd tir (ba), cdc yeu td
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cdn rai rdt lai ciia td hgp phy am ddu trong lieng Vict cd (cd) vd tir cd (ke).
* Ten rieng: de thuan lgi cho vifc khao ciru, chiing tdi da chia ten rieng thanh cdc nhdm: ten rieng chi dom vj hanh chinh; loai hinh di lich; phuang vj lir; kich thudc; ddc diem hinh thiic; loai dja hinh; dja chat; ddng, thuc vat vd sdn vat ciia dja phuang vd mdt vdi yeu td khde. Kha ndng ket hgp cua 2 bd phan nay khd linh boat, tiiy thudc vdo nhdn thiic the gidi khdch quan cua chu the djnh danh. Mdt vdi dja danh sau day cho thay rd khd ndng ket hgp cua 2 bd phan nay:
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Dja danh Ddng Niii, Ddng Na, Ben Bai —» ket hgp giiia loai hinh dja ly (thanh Id chung) vd loai hinh dja ly (ten rieng);
Dia danh Kenh Trong, Bai Giiia, Lung Bdc, Limg Ddng —» ket hgp giira loai hinh dja ly (thdnh td chung) vd phuang vi tir (ten rieng);
Dia danh Non Lieu, Khudi Tdm - • kit hgp giiia loai hinh dia Iy (thanh td chung) vd dgng thuc vat dugc nudi trdng d dia phuang (ten rieng);
Dia danh Bd Thugng, Be Ha -^ rieng). Sau day la bdng long hgp cdc kit hgp giiia p h u a n g tifn giao thdng thdnh to tham gia c i u thdnh dia danh (thdnh Id chung) vd phuang vi tir (ten song tilt:
Bang 1; T6NG HQP cAc THANH T 6 CAU THANH DIA DANH SONG TIET T h a n h to chung
i. Loai hinh dia ly: bai (7)*'\
ben (9), chieng (5), con (9), ddng (15), dong (4), eo (2), kenh (15), kliuoi (28), lung (29), na (2), na (34), nam (2), ngdi (3), niii (2), non (4), npi (3), pha (3), phja (2), sudi (7)
2. Dan vi hdnh chinh: chiia (2), huong (2), lang (9), mudng (9), quan (2), trgi (4), tram (6), triln (11), van (2) 3. Danh tie chung chi lodi: cay
(6), hoa (3), hang (15)
4. Phurffng tien giao thong: cau (17), be (2), cua (9)
5. Yiu td khac: ke (17), la (67), ba(6),6ng(13),ba(12),ca(5)
rwy A • A
I e n rieng /. Lo(i/ hinh dia li
2. Dffn vi hanh chinh 3. Loai hinh di tich 4. Phuang vi tir 5. Kich thu&c
6. DUc diem liinh thirc 7. Dia chdt
8. Dgng, thuc vdt; sdn vdt
Doi, nuong, than, rupng, dong, son, giang, nui, suoi, son, bai, cau, khe, npi, giang, xuyen, na, ngdi, cong, phja
Lang, xom, thon, trgi
Quan, dinh, chiia, mieu, am, lang, diem
Dong, lay, nam, bac, doai, trong, giiia, thupng, trung, ha Luong (Idn), pja (be), dai
Bang (phang), bgc, vang, huang
Da, cat, ngdi
9. Kluic
Tom, se, trai, lau, bong, cai, ca, ga, bun, dan, gao...
Mo, da, ki, tien, but.
Giiia thanh td chung vd ten rieng cd the xdy ra cdc khd nang ket hgp sau:
SO DO K H A I Q U A T P H U O N G THirC DINH DANH
Thanh to chung
J. Logi hinh dia ly 2. Dan vi hdnh chinh 3. Danh tic chung chi lodi 4. Phuang tien giao thdng 5. Yeu td khac
Ket hgp vdi
\ % > > ^ y r
\ \ | ^ ^ : ^ > ^
,^-v^yvO<^ ^
" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^
^ ^ A ^ v ^
\ ^
W V
^
n - 1 A • A
Ten neng
1. Logi dia hinh 2. Dom vi hdnh chinh 3. Logi hinh di tich 4. Phuang vi tir 5. Kich thudc
6. Dgc diem hinh thiec 7. Dia chdt
8. Ddng, thirc vgt; sdn vgt 9. Khac
TAP CHi HAN NOM so 2 (105) - 2011 LA MINH HANG
Khdo cim kha ndng kel hgp ciia thanh to chung na (/nd) cho thay: na (Tay) va na (Thai) deu cd nghTa "dong rudng" ngudi dan Tay, dan Thai dd dat ten cho lang ban minh bang each cho them yeu td khu bift nghTa vao phia sau, dimg de ghi cdc dja danh: phd Nd Hinh (xii Lang San), Ihdn Nd Trung (trin Nghf An), trgi Nd Pja (xii Lang San)^^'>...
Qua thdng ke, cd 34 dia danh diing na (hodc nd) lam thdnh Id chung trong kel cau dinh danh, ghi ten rieng cho cac dan vj hanh chinh cdc cap d viing mii phia Bdc vd dai dit Trung Bd cua Vift Nam, gom: trai (15 dja danh), phd (10 dja danh), phudng (1 dia danh), xdm (3 dja danh), xa (2 dja danh) vd thdn (3 dja danh). Dja danh dimg ylu td "na" (hodc "nd") lam thdnh td chung dugc phan bd nhu sau:
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cdc Iran Cao Bdng vd xii Lang San cd 30/34 dja danh (chiim li If 88,2%), xir Nghf An, Thanh Hda cd 2/34 dja danh, trin An Qudng cd 1/34 dja danh vd xii Tuyen Quang cd 1/34 dja danh. Kit qud thdng ke neu tren cung da phdn dnh diing thyc trang cu dan d cdc vimg nay: theo dilu tra dan sd cdc linh mien mii phia Bdc, ngudi Tdy chiim 60,4% dan sd tinh Bdc Can; ngugc lai, linh Thanh Hod, ldc Thai chi chiim 5,82% (tdc Kinh chiim 84,59%) dan sd loan tinh. Day ciing Id li do gidi thich dja danh mang yeu Id "na" (hodc
"na") d khu vuc miln niii phia Bic Vift Nam ehilm ti If dp ddo. Dilu ndy cho thiy, dja danh la cii lifu quan trgng de nghien cuu lich su, dja ly ciia dja phuang.
THAY Ldl KfeT
Dja danh phan nao phdn dnh each nhin nhan, ddnh gid chu quan hay khach
r
quan cua con ngudi ddi vdi hifn thuc cugc song sinh dgng vd phong phii. Vi the ben canh chiic ndng cd the hda ddi tugng, dja danh cdn cd chirc ndng phdn dnh hifn thuc khdch quan. Ddy Id chiic ndng ca bdn, gdp phan tao nen tinh cd li do ciia dja danh vd ldp y nghTa sinh ddng an dudi be mat con ehtr.
Cd the thay: cho den nay, mdc dii vd ngii am da bj thay ddi chut il, ngtr nghia khdng cdn bao luu dugc nguyen nghTa hodc lai dugc giai thich theo tir nguyen dan gian, nhung lan theo dja danh Ndm trong CTTXDBL chimg ta cd thl dung lai dugc dja bdn cu tni vd cdc diem ty cu lau ddi ciia timg cdng ddng ngudi, giiip chiing ta cd cdn cir de hieu them ve thuc trang dja ly cua cdc vimg mien ciing nhu tdm li. tinh cdm cua chii the dinh danh.
Vdi lg dd, Dja danh hgc Id mdt ngdnh hgc can dugc quan tdm nghien cuu hem niia trong mdi lien quan den cdc bd mdn Vdn hod hgc, Ljch sir, Dan tgc hgc.^^^
L.M.H
Chii thich:
(1) Ten tieng Phap Nomenclature des Communes du Tonkin ciia Ngd Vi Liln do' nha in Le Van Tan phat hanh nam 1928.
Sach dugc viet bdng chu- Phap (ten pho d Ha Npi), ehtr Vift (ten lang, phu, huyfn, chau, tinh va thanh pho) va chii Han (ten lang).
(2) Ten tieng Phap Repertoire des toponymes et des archives villageoises du Bdc ky. Tac gia Vu Thj Minh Huong, Nguyin Vdn Nguyen va Philippe Papin bien tap.
(3) Vgn: don vj hanli chinh d viing cu dan lam nghi danh ca, tuong duong "lang" d viing ddng bang.
(4) Sach: don vj hanh chinh d mien nui, tuong duong "lang" d viing dong bdng.
(5) Tir trong ngogc chi sd dja danh dugc tgo ra tir thanh to chung dd (qua ket qua thong ke trong CTTXDBL.
(6) Pja (tieng Tay), dpc thanh khdng -* nghTa "ca", dpc thanh nang -^ nghTa
"nhd, be"
(7) Tran trpng cam on Quy Phat trien klioa hpc va cong nghe Quoc gia (NAFOSTED) da giup toi thuc hien bai viet nay.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Ten ldng xa Viet Nam ddu the ki XIX, Duong Thj The Phgm Thj Thoa djch va bien sogn, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1981.
2. Ngd Vi Lien: Danh muc cdc lang xa Bdc ki (1928) (ten tieng Phap Nomenclature des Communes du Tonkin), in trong Ten Idngxa vd dia die cdc tinh Bdc ky, Nxb. Van hda - Thdng tin, H. 1999.
3. Vu Thi Minh Huong, Nguyen Van Nguyen va Philippe Papin: Dia danh vd tdi lieu luu trit ve ldng xa Bdc ki (ten tieng Phap:
Repertoire des toponymes et des archives villageoises du Bac ky), Vifn Vien dong Bac cd Phap, Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin.
Cue Luu tru nha nudc, H. 1999.
4. Trin Thj Phuang Hdng: Dgc diem lich sie vdn hda dia danh thdnh phd Dien
Bien vd tinh Dien Bien, Lugn van Thgc sT, Dgi hpc Su phgm Thai Nguyen, 2009.
5. Tir Thu Mai: Nghien cieu dia danh Qudng Tri: Lugn an Tien sT khoa hpc Ngu"
vSn, Trirdng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan van, H. 2004
6. Hoang Van Ma Luc Van Pao Hoang Chi: Tir dien Tdy - Nimg - Viet, Nxb.
Tir dien bach khoa, H. 2006.
7. Dia danh vd nhirng vdn de lich sir - vdn hda ciia cdc ddn tdc nhdm ngdn ngit Tdy Thdi Viet Nam, Hpi nghj Thai hpc Vift Nam lan thir V. Nxb. The gidi, H. 2009.
8. ^^m^Zi^%, ki hifu A.570/1-2, Vifn Nghien ciru Han Nom.
9 Trang difn tir tinh Cao Bang http://doitacaav.vn
10. Trang dien tu tinh Thai Nguyen http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i Nguv%C3%AA
11. Trang difn tir tinh Thanh Hoa http://tuoitrethanhhoa.com/forum/nguoi-xu- thanh/5-cong-dong-dan-toc-tinh-thanh- hoa.html.
12. Ban dd difn tu Thanh Hda.
http://thanhhoa365.com/map/index.asp?
nlD=862«fenewid=23.
13. Dia danh d Qudng Nam, Ha Quang Nang (chu bien), Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Nam, Sd Khoa hpc va cdng nghf Vifn Khoa hpc xa hpi Vift Nam, Vifn Tir dien hpc va Bach khoa thu Vift Nam, Ha Npi Quang Nam, 2009 (Tai lifu danh may)./.