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CAI CACH HANH CHINH 6 TRUNG QUOC TUT THdl DIEM CAI CACH M d CUlA DEN NAY
• ThS CHU THUY L I E N Vien Nghien ciru Trung Quoc Viin Han lam Khoa hoc xd hoi Viet Nam
•k TRAN T H I GIANG T H A N H Bgi hoc Duoc Ha Noi
• Tdm tdt: Hgi nghi Trung tidng 3lchdaXlDCS Trung Qudc(l 978) dda ra dtidng loi cdi cdch md cda dd ddnh ddu mgt bddc chuyen ldn trong lich sdphdt trien cua ntidc CHND TrungHoa. Sau Hdi nghi, cdng cugc cdi cdch md cda vdi quy md ldn diin ra tren tdt cd cdc linh viic, trong dd cd cdi cdch the che hdnh chinh nhdm thich dng vdi sti hinh thdnh, phdt trien cua nen kinh te thi trddng XHCN ddc sac Trung Qudc. Mgt logt bien phdp cdi cdch dddc dda ra vd thdc hien mgnh me nhti: cdi cdch cd cdu, chuyen doi chdc ndng chinh quyen, phdn chia quyen hgn, tdi du hda dich vu cdng xdy diing chinh phu phuc vu v.v..
Nhd vdy, sau 40 ndm cdi cdch, den nay, the che hdnh chinh cua Trung Qudc dd cd nhdng tiln bd vtidt bdc, tgo sti dam bdo vdng chac ve the che cho cdng cugc md cda, hdi nhdp quoc tevd xdy dting hien dgi hda d nddc ndy.
• Td khda: Trung Quoc, cdi cdch md cda, the che hdnh chinh, chinh phu phuc vu.
1. Cac giai doan cai each hanh chinh d bien nay ddi hdi the che hilnh chinh ciia Trung Trung Quoc Qudc cungphai cd su chuyen minh tuong ximg.
Cudi nam 1978, Tnmg Qudc tien hanh cdng Tir khi tiSn hanh cdng cudc cai each md cira cuoc cai each md ciia vdi quy md ldn sau Hgi (1978) dSn nay, dS thich ung vdi sir tang truong nghiTrungu(mg3khdaXI.Cugccaicachnayda nhanh cua nen kinh tS, cung nhu qua trinh huy dpng mpt hieu qua tinh tich cue cua nhan chuyen ddi md hinh phat trien kinh tS, Trung nhan trong ca nudc, giai phdng va phat triSn sue Qudc da tiSn hanh 8 lan cai each hanh chinh vol san xuat xa hdi, thuc day kinh te - xa hdi tien hp quy mo ldn. Ttr muc deu va nhiem vu ciia 8 lan toan dien. NSn Hnh te Ttung Qudc chuyen dan cai each, cd the chia tien trinh eai each hanh tit the che kmh tSke hoach tap trung cao dp sang chinh a Trung Qude lam 4 giai doan:
thS chS kinh te thi trudng XHCN tir ddng cira, Giai doan thiinMt (1978-1992). Day dupe eoi nua ddng ciia sang mo cita toan dien. Su chuyen la giai doan pha vd md hinh kmh te kS hoach va
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tiig chg quan ly hdnh chinh tap tirung cao do, tung buoc tim toi con duang xay dung va hodn tiiien tiig che hanh chmh thich img vol su phdt tiign cua ngn kinh te hang hda XHCN. Kgt thiic giai doan nay, ve tdng tbg, Tnmg Qude da budc ddu tiioat khoi su trdi huge cua mo hmh quan ly hanh chinh tap trung cao dp, kich thich siic sdng ciia kinh tg - xd hdi, thiic day giai phdng va phat trien sue san xudt xd hgi.
Giai do^n thU hai (1993-2002). Chinh phu giam dan su can thiep vdo nen kinh tg vi mo, di sau tim toi va xdy dung thg chg banh cbinh thich ling vdi su phdt trien eua nen kinh te thi tnrong XHCN. Sau Dai hpi XIV DCS Tmng Qudc nam 1992, Trung Qudc xac lap dirdng Idi xdy dung nen kinh te thi tiitdng XHCN ddc sde Trung Qudc. Vi vay, moi cai each, ke ca cai each thg chg hanh chinh ciuig Id de thich iing vdd the che kinh tg mdi. CuOc cai each lan ndy dugc chia tiidnh hai giai doan vdi nhirng muc tieu cu the la tach rdi chinh quyen va doanh nghiep, chuyen doi chiic nang chinh phu. Pham vi va trinh tu tign hanh cai each la tir Trung uong tdi dia phuong, nang cao hieu qua hdnh chinh trgn ca s6 tmh gidn 20%.
Tuy nhien, do khong xu ly tdt mdi quan he giiia chuyen doi chiic nang va tinh gian bp may nen trong ian cai each nay, muc tieu giam thieu cdc ban, bg, ngdnh trong bg may cbinb quyen 6 Tnmg Qudc chua datyeu cdu dg ra, hg tiidng bao higm xa hdi thong nhat toan qudc va che dp nhan su moi vdn chua dugc thiet lap ngn viec sdp xep lai sd nhan vien hi cdt gidm gap kho khan nen ganh nang tai chinh khdng nhiing khdng giam ma cdn co phan tang Ien. Muc tieu ciia Ian cai each tigp theo la xay dung hg tiidng quan ly hdnh chinh chinh phu boat ddng c6 hieu qua cao, hanh vi quy pham, van hanh hdi hda, hoan thign che do cdng vu vign nhd ntroc, xay dung dgi ngu quSn lyhanh chinh chuygn nghiep hoa co td chat
cao, timg buoc hinh thanh nen the che quan Iy hdnh chinh ciia chinh phii tiiich ung vai su phdt tiien cua ngn kinh te till tirudng XHCN. Thuc hien tdt cdc muc tieu do, viec chuyen bien ehiic ndng chinh phu cung dat duoc buoc tign trien quan trpng, tiig hien ndi bat nhdt 6 viec da xda bo hdu bet eac ban ngdnh kinh tg cdng nghiep chuygn nghiep - mpt san vdt cua tib,g chg kinh tg kg hoach tap tnmg cao do, gay tr6 ngai den viec xdy dung nen kinh tg thi tirudng XHCN.
Giai do^ tbi/ba (2003-2012). Day Id giai doan xdy dung vd hoan thien he thdng dich vu cong, ddt nen tang virng chdc cho mo hinh chinh phu phuc vu, ddng tiidi di sdu cai each tiig chg hanh chinh XHCN dae sde Trung Qudc. Trong giai doan ndy, Trung Qudc ddt muc tieu tiing buoc binh tbanh thg chg qudn ly hdnh chinh van hdnh hdi hda, cdng bdng, tirong sach, ligm khigt, hieu qua cao. Sd lupng edc ban ngdnh trong chinh phu dd gidm xuong chiic nang ciia chinh phii dupc digu chlnh cho phu hpp vdi thuc tg xay dung nen kinh tg thi trudng XHCN, tap tirung vdo 4 phuang dien chii ygu Id dieu tigt kinh te, gidm sat thi tnrong, quan Iy xd hgi va dich vu cdng, dat dupc muc dich dg ra ban dau.
Giai do$n thu tu (tu sau B0 hgi XVm DCS TrungQudcnim 2012 dinnay). Day dugc coi Id giai doan Trung Qudc nd Iuc tim each day manh hien dai hoa quan ti-i chinh phu. Nhiem vu chu ygu eua cai cdch hdnh chinh tirong giai doan ndy la thuc day tinh gian bo may, phdn quyen, kgt hap giiia buong vd quan, tdi uu hda dich vu v.v..
Nho vdy, cdi cdch tiie chg hanh chinh ngdy cang di vao chigu sdu.
2. Nh&ng k€t qua flat dirffc va van de con t6ii tai sau 40 nam cai each hanh chinh 6 Trung Quoc
a) Cai tdcodu, di sia thuchign toin di$n cbi ddbd da nganh
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Qua cdc Ian cai cdch viec digu ehinh, bd tri hgp ly bp may chinh quygn, tdi uu hda kgt cdu nhdn luc ciia Trung Qudc giai quygt dupc vdn dg CO cdu chdng cheo, ngudi nhieu hon viec, ddng thoi gidi quyet dupc vudng mac khi mpt sd ban ngdnh tang cudng chiic nang nhung nbdn luc khdng du, da thuc hien su phdi ket hgp nhip nhdng giua chiic ndng vd co cdu, nhiem vu va bign chg nhdn su. Mot diem quan trpng trong cdi each co cau bp may hanh chinb cua Trung Qudc kbi buoc sang thg ky XXI Id viec binh thdnh va day manh thuc hien the chg bp da ngdnh. Npi dung cdt ldi cua bien phdp cdi cdch ndy id tien hdnh tich hpp, sap nhap cde ca cau quan ly phdn tan eo chirc ndng tuong ddng lai voi nhau, nhdm giai quyet triet de hien tupng cdc ban ngdnh chiic ndng hanh chinh chdng cheo, dim day trdch nhiem cho nhau, gay kho khdn cho ngudi ddn khi tien hanb cdc thii tuc hdnh chinh, lam giam hieu qua hdnh chinh. Ben canh viec sap nhdp, tich hpp, ddi vdi cdc ban nganh cd pham vi cbiic nang qud rpng, quygn luc qud tap trung, Trung Qudc dd tien hdnh phdn chia bot quyen hdnh mpt each thich hgp, nhdm thay ddi tinb trang mat cdn doi trong kgt cau vd van hanh bp may. Ndm 2013, ban lanh dao khda mdi 6 Trung Qudc tiep tuc tien hdnh tdi uu hda viec bd tri cdc ban nganh chinh phii, digu hda moi quan he giiia cae ban nganh, khdng ngimg hodn thien co che van hanh hanh chinh CO su thdng nhat hai hda giira quygn quyet sdch, quygn chap hdnh, va quyen gidm sdt, hinh thdnh nen khung co cdu chinh phu voi chu the Id cdc ban ngdnh dieu tiet vi md, giam sat quan ly thi truang, quan Iy xd hpi va dich vu cong. Nha vdy, viec bd tri ca cau vd thigt kg he tiidng chuc ti-dch khdng ngimg dugc hgp Iy hda.
Sau Dai hoi XIX (2017), trong dgt cdi each bp may v6i quy md ldn, Trung Qudc dd tien hdnh
sap nhdp nhung ea quan cd cimg chiic ndng trong bp mdy chinh quyen vdi cac ca quan cd ciing ehiic ndng trong bd mdy cua Ddng. thuc hien su thdng nhdt quan Iy duoi su lanh dao tap trung ciia Dang. Dgn nay, kgt cau bp may Chmh phii cua Trung Qudc hien co 1 Van pbdng Qudc vu vien, 26 bd nganh, 1 ca quan true thudc dac biet Id Uy ban Quan Iy giam sat tai san nhd nuoc. Ngoai ra con cd 10 ca quan true thupc bao gdm cac Tdng cue Hai quan, Tdng cue Thue, Tdng cue Phat tbanh truyen hinh v.v..; lOdonvi su nghiep bao gom Vien Khoa bgc xd hpi Trung Qudc, Vien Khoa hgc Trung Qudc, Trung tdm Nghien ciiu - phdt trien Qudc vu vien, Ddi phdt thanh truygn hinh Trung uong. Tan Hoa xd, Hpc vien Hdnh chinh vd Trudng Dang (mpt ca can hai mang} v.v..; 2 van phong true thupc Id Vdn phong Cdng tdc Hong Kdng - Ma Cao va Phong Nghign cuu Qudc vu vien (Mang Tdn Hoa, truy cap ngay 3-10-2018)"'.
Dg tao khung phdp ly cho viec cai td bp may sau Dai hpi XIX, tiidng 5-2018, Qudc vu vien Trung Qudc ban hdnh Quyet dinh vg viec thanh Iy cdc quy dinh vd vdn ban lien quan den edi each bp may Dang va Nhd nudc, quyet dinh bdi bo 3 van ban, sua ddi 35 van ban khdng thich ling, khong ddng bd, khdng ket ndi va khdng thdng nhdt vol viec cai each bo may dang didn ra manh me hien nay'^'.
b) Chuyin ddi chuc ning chinh quyin, phin quyin, Mch thidi sue sing, sde sing tao cho cic chdthithitrudngvixihdi
Chuygn ddi chiic ndng cbinh quyen la noi dung cdt loi trong cdi each the chg hdnh chinh Trung Qudc, la sgi ddy xuygn sudt trong todn bo tign trinh cai each hdnh chinb 6 nuoc nay kg tic khi tien hdnh cdi cdcb m6 ciia. Muc tigu cua nd la nhdm tiiich iing v6i su chuyen ddi tu ngn kinh te ke hoach tap trung cao dp sang nen kinh te
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Dgi hoi XIX Ddng Cong sdn TrungQuoc, thdng 5-2018 _ Anil, tienphong.vn
thitiruongXHCN, ciing nhuthichiingvaixu the mo ciia sau khi Tnmg Qudc gia nhdp WTO. Dai hpi XIV (1992) neu ro con duong co ban de chuyen ddi churc nang chinh quyen la tdch roi chinh quygn vdi doanh nghiep. Dai hpi XVI tigp tuc xde dinh, chiic ndng chinh quyen chu yeu Id dg digu tiet kinh tg, quan ly gidm sat thi trudng, quan ly xd hgi vd cung cap dich vu cdng. Trgn CO sa ndy, kg tu sau Dai hpi XVIII, Trung Qudc da xde dinh rd, trpng tam cita cai cdch the che hanh chinh Id tang cudng chuyen ddi ehiic nang chinh quyen, Idy tinh gidn bg mdy va phdn quyen lam dot pha khau dg thi truong co the phdt huy vai tro mang tinh quyet dinh trong viec phan bd ngudn luc, cdng nhu de cbinb phu phat huy tdt ban vai tro ciia minh, cung cdp cac dich vu cdng chdt luong cao, dam bao edng bdng xahpi.
Bdng viec thuc hign cdc bien phdp cai each tich cue, sau ban 40 nam tien hdnh cai cdch thg che hdnh chinh, den nay, Trung Qudc da cdt giam va trao quygn dupe hon 700 hang muc phg duyet hanh chinh trong tdng sd hon 1.700 cdc loai thii tuc phe duyet hanh chinh, trong do cdt giam duoc 85% cdc hang mue phg duyet truoc dang ky cong tiiuong, giam 44% cac hang muc nhan dinh tu chat, tu each ngdnh nghe"', cdt giam 76% cdc hang muc phe chuan ddu tu 6 cap Trung uong, xda bo todn bp viec phe duyet cde hang muc ddu tu ra nuoc ngodi tni nhimg truong hpp ddc tbii''", xoa bo hodn toan cac hang muc phe duyet cap phep phi hdnh chinh, digu chinh cac hang muc phe duyet cdp phep phi hdnh chinh tbanh bang muc phe duyet ti-ong ngi bg cbinh quyen'^', thuc hien todn dien ehungnhdncapphep "Strong 1", trgn CO s6dd,
LYLUAN CHINH TRJ-S67/2019
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QUOCT^tiep tuc chinh hgp giay ddng ky bao hiem l a hpi va gidy chiing nban ddng ky thdng kg, timg budc thuc bien chg dp cbiing nhdn "5 trong 1", "mpt dau mpt so"... trong qud trinh dang ky cong thuong v.v.. Hdu bet cdc tuih, thdnh phd deu cdt giam dupc tu 50 dgn 70% cdc hang muc phe duyet hdnh chinh. Dieu ndy dd kieh thich toi da sire sdng cua thi truang va xa hpi. Ngodi ra, Trung uong cdn xac dinh trao 283 hang muc phg duyet bdnh chinh cho dia phuang thuc hien, nhdm trao nhigu quyen tu chu ban cho dia phuang, kich thich tdi da tinh tich cue vd tu chu oia chinh quyen dia phuang cde cdp.
Ben canh viee edt giam va trao quyen phg duyet bdnh chinh, Trung Qudc thuc hien todn dien viec quan ly theo danh muc, chuih quygn cua 31 tinh tiianh trong cd nuoc dd cong bd danh muc quyen luc vd danh muc trdch nhiem cua ban ngdnh chinh quyen 3 cap tinh, thdnh phd, huyen. Viec ddi mdi va bodn tbien cdng tdc qudn ly, gidm sdt trong va sau qua trinh phe duyet dugc day manh, ddp img dupc ky vpng cua qudn chiing nhdn dan ve uu viet hda dicb vu cdng. Tdt ca nbiing bien phdp trgn khign cho doanh nghigp vol tu each Id chii the canh tranh thi truong dugc "cai troi", qudn chung dugc "giai tda", thi tnrdng "tdng vi the" trong viec phdn bd ngudn Iuc, dong thai con giup cho ban than chinh phu tra ngn "liem chinh, viing manh"
ban, it can thiep vao su van hdnh ciia ngn kinh tg vi md hon, tir do kich tiiich tdi da siic sdng ciia thi tnrong va siic sdng tao cua xd hdi, ciing nhu tinb ti'ch cue va tu ehii ciia dia phuang.
c) Ddi mdi phuang thuc quin ly cda chinh phu, tdi ua hda dich vu cdng, tiing budc xdy dvngthinh cdng chinh phd phae vu
Tren pbuong dien ddi moi pbuong thiic dieu tiet VI md, Chinh phii Trung Qudc da ddc siic tien hanh chuygn ddi phuong tiiuc, dieu chlnh kgt cdu.
tien hanh digu tigt nhd mot each tiiich hgp va dung Iuc, ndng cao tinh muc tigu va tinh hai hoa ti-ong dieu tigt v! mo. Trgn phuang dien phe duyet hanh chinh, cong tdc quan Iy ciia Cbinh phu da co su chuyen bien til phe duyet tiruoc khi tien hanh dang ky cdng thuong sang quan ly giam sat tirong va sau khi tign hanh dang ky cdng tiiuong, tang cuang mirc dp xii phat ddi voi nhimg hdnh vi vi pham phdp quy, phdp Iuat, nd Iuc thuc hien nguyen tdc "vao dg, qudn kho", tao mdi truang canh tranh cdng bdng, lanh manh. Trgn phuang dien tang cuong xdy dung chinh phu dien tii, Trung Qudc khdng ngimg thuc day dp dung phuong thiic phg duyet hdnh chinh tiieo mo hinh
"dich vu cdng online", su dung mang intemet de thuc hign cdng tac quan Iy hanh chinh va eung cap dich vu cdng, ndng cao hieu qua hdnh chinh, ha tiidp chi phi quan ly, tao tiiudn tien cho nguoi ddn. Nhd vdy, phuong thiic quan ly hdnh chinh ngdy cdng phdt trign theo xu huong kboa hpc, nhdn van, don gian, thudn tien, hieu qua.
Viec day manh dp dung phuang thiic quan ly hdnh chinh khoa hpc, hien dai, thuan tien, hieu qua eao Id nhdm huong tdi muc tigu xdy dung mpt chinh phu theo mo hinh phuc vu cd chiic ndng khoa hpc, ket cdu uu viet, liem khigt hieu qua cao, dap iing dugc ky vgng cila nban dan.
Ke tii ldn ddu tien khai niem "chinh phu theo md hinh phuc vu" dupc Thii tuang Cbinh phu Trung Qudc On Gia Bao chinh tiiirc dg cap den trong bdi phdt bigu ciia minh tai Trudng Dang Trung uong Trung Quoc vao tiiang 2-2004 den nay, xdy dung chinh phii phuc vu luon dupc coi Id nhiem vu quan trpng hang ddu trong cong cupc cai cdch chinh quygn cdc cap 6 Trung Qudc. Ngay sau Dai bgi XVIII, ban lanh dao khda moi 6 Trung Qudc dua ra he thong muc tieu pban dau trong vdn dg nay, bao gdm miic tigu ngdn han, tnmg ban va dai han.
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Muc tidu ngin han: Dgn nam 2020, ctmg voi viec gidnh dirge thanh cdng trong cdng cupc xdy di^g toan dien xd hgi kha gia va thuc hien muc tigu tdng thg cai each the chg hdnh ehinh, Trung Qudc sg xay dimg thdnh cong chinh phu theo md hinh phuc vu phii hgp vol trinh dp phdt trien kinh te xa hgi, thich ung vdi nhu cau vg dich vu cong caban ciia qudn chiing nhan ddn.
Muc ti'gu trung han: Dgn ndm 2030, Tnmg Qudc se tiep tuc cd gang xdy dung thdnh cdng mpt chinh phii phuc vu co thg che, ca chg tuong ddi hoan thien, c6 nang Iuc va trinh dp dich vu cong khd cao. Nbiem vu ehu ygu trong giai doan nay la ndng cao trinh dd vd chat Iupng dich vu cong CO ban, dam bao tbuc hien bmh dang hda dich vu cdng co ban v.v..
Muc tieu dii ban: Den nam 2050, khi dd ca ban thuc hien dugc hien dai hoa, Trung Qudc se xay dung tbanh cdng mpt chinh phii theo md Mnh phuc vu cd co chg, the chg hodn tiiien bon, nang luc va trinh dp ciia dich vu cong tuong duongvoi miic do ciia eac nudc phdt trien.
Viec thiic day phdt trign mo hinh mang internet kgt ndi vol dich vu cdng Id mgt trong nhOng ndi dung quan trgng cita cai cdch tdi mi hoa dich vu chinh quyen, day manh xdy dung chinh phii dien tit. Theo uy vign Uy ban Tu van chuyen gia tin hgc hoa qudc gia Ninh Gia Tuan, day la con dudng hiiu hieu de gidi quygt hien hrgng "thu tuc nhigu, gidi quygt khd" cd lign quan den viec quan chiing nbdn ddn dgn co quan cdng quyen giai quygt edng viec, cung nbu van de "thdng tin khong duoc chia se, tiiong tin khd c6 thg dupc chia se" giiia cac ban ngdnh chinh phii'^' v.v.. Ddng thdi, bien phap thi diem nay ciing thich iing voi tinh hinh vd yeu cdu mdi, thuc day hien dai hoa he thdng vd nang lue quan tri chinh phu. Id con dudng tat ygu dg xay dung chinh phu phuc vu.
Sau Dai hdi XK, trgn ca so nhung ket qua da dat dugc, Trung Qudc tiep tuc day nhanh viec xdy dung san dich vu chinh phu online nhat tiie hda tirong ca nuoc. Qudc vu vien da cho ban hdnh "Y kien chi dao ve viee day nhanh xdy dung san dicb vu chinb phu online nhat the hda trong ca nuac", di sdu thuc day cdi each md hinh "mang intemet + dich vu chinh phu", dua ra bd cue todn dien nhdm thuc day dich vu chinh phu "mdt mang thong". "Ykien chl dao" dd neu Ign muc tigu cdng tdc tirong vong 5 nam tdi, bao gdm 4 giai doan. de dgn cudi ndm 2022, ca ban tiidng nhat tieu chudn cdc hang mue dich vu cbinh phu trong pham vi cd nudc, thuc hien toan dien "mpt mang thong"'^.
Nam 2018, Van phdng Trung uong Dang, Van phdng Qudc vu vien tiep tuc ban hdnh vdn ban ygu cdu cdc dia phuong, cdc ban ngdnh nghigm tiic thuc hien "Y kien chi dao ve di sdu thuc day dich vu phg duyet tien Igi hoa" voi nhiem vu chu yeu Id tbuc bien toan dien dich vu phg duyet dp dung "xic ly ngay, xii ly trgn mang, xir Iy tan noi, xu ly mpt ldn", tieu chudn hoa hoat dpng phg duyet, tigp tuc giam hot giay to thu tuc, thuc hien mpt cira, thuc hien nang cap trinh dp internet + dich vu chinh phu"" v.v..
Tai Hpi nghi true tuyen thudng nign vg van de di sau cai cdch "buong - quan - phuc vu", tang cuong chuygn ddi chiic nang chinh phu dign ra ngdy 28-6-2018, Thii tirdng Ly Kbdc Cudng mot Idn nira nhdn manh dgn viec Chlnh phu sg tigp tuc cung cap cac dich vu cong tien loi, chat lugng tdt thong qua viec toi uu hda dich vu, phdt tridn manh cac loai binh dicb vu "mang intemet+y tg", "mang internet+gido due" v.v.., cung cdp cdc djch vu cdng cdng bdng, bgp ly, tao ra sdn dich vu cong nhat thg hda todn qudc; ddng thdi ddt ra muc tieu trong vong 3 nam, Trung Qudc sg thuc hien viec chia se kho du lieu sd ciia cdc ban ngdnh chinh phii, nhdm thoa man nhu cau ve
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QUOCTEcdng khai cdng viec chinb quygn 6 dia phuang, trong vong 5 ndm, tat ca cdc hang muc dich vu cdng se thuc hien co che "giai quygt online" mot each todn dien"'^'.
Tuy dd dat dugc nhiing tbanh tuu dang kg nhu trgn, nhung dgn nay, cai each hanh chfnh 6Trung Qudc vdn dang doi mat voi nhiing van dg va thdch tiiiic khdng nhd do ygu cau thdi dai ddt ra.
Thunhit, cacdubg may Dang, chinh quyen vdn cdn trimg lap, chdng cheo, quygn khdng di ddi vdi trach nbiem, bd tri ca cdu va phdn dinh ehiie nang eua mpt so ban ngdnh chinh phii chua khoa hgc.
Thuhai, chiic ndng cua bg mdy chinh quyen trung uong va dia phuang ebua that thdng nhdt, phdn dinh chiic trach khdng hop Iy, khd dam bao phdt huy dupc tinh tich cue cua ca tnmg uong Idn dia phuang.
Thd ba, ca ehe van hdnh vd gidm sdt quyen Iuc, ddc biet la quygn luc cdng ehua hodn thien, tinh trang thigu hut chuc ndng, vupt qud chiic nang, thuc thi sai chiic ndng vdn tdn tai, tmh trang Iam dung chiic quyen dg muu cau lgi ich cd nhdn van chua dupe giai quyet Oriet dg.
Tbu tu, khoa hgc hoa, quy pbam hda, phdp dinb boa bien ehe td chiic cdn kbd tri tre, chua ddp img kip thdi duoc nhu cdu day manh phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi va cai each m6 cua.
3. Mot so tr^ng diem cai each hanh chinh Trung Quoc thoi gian toi
Do nhung van dg cdn tdn tai neu trgn, ciing nhu xuat phdt tir tinh hmh thuc tign hien nay, thdi gian tdi, cai each banh chinh Trung Quoc dupc xde dinh se chu trpng vao mpt so diem then chdt sau.
Mot a, tdng cirong bd tiri tdng the, ddng bg co cau cdc CO quan Dang vd chinh quyen, thuc day eai each the che kiem tra ky ludt eua Dang vd thg chg giam sdt cua rtiia nuoc.
Hai la, tiep tiic di sau vao cac linh vuc ti-gng diem va khdu then chdt cua cai cdch "budng - qudn - phuc vu", khong ngimg uu viet hda chiic nang chinh phu, trgng digm la xdy dung mgt he thdng chuc ndng bg may chinh phii hoan chinh, quy pham khoa hpc, v|n hanh hieu qua cao va mpt he thdng qudn tri chinh phu cd chuc trach rd rang, van hanh theo phap ludt, nang eao todn dien nang luc vd tiinh dp quan tri qudc gia.
Ba la, tdi uu boa viec bd tri co cdu vd cbiic nang ciia bp may chinh quygn bdng each ticb hgp. Mgt sd trpng diem cdi each dupc ddt ra Id:
bd tri hpp Iy chiie ndng ciia cdc ban ngdnh quan Iy vT md, tdng cudng chuc ndng cua cdc co quan huu quan cua Trung uong Dang, tdng cudng cbtic nang ciia cac ban ngdnh qudn ly gidm sdt tirong chinh quygn, tdi uu bda ca cau cua cdc ca quan Dang va Chinh phu v.v.. Day dugc coi Id nhiem vu quan trpng, la nhdn to ddn dgn tbanh cdng trong di sdu cai cdch thg che hdnh chinh trong bdi canh thdi dai m6i.
Bdn la, hodn thien chg dp phdp quy lien quan, thuc day phdp dinh hda cdng cupc cai each co cdu cdc ca quan Dang va Nhd nudc bdng each hoan thien che dp phdp quy vg ca cdu cac co quan Dang va Nbd nuoc, tang cudng rdng bupe cung vai quan ly bign che to chiic, tdng cuang miic do xii phat ddi vdi edc hanh vi vi pham k^
ludt, quy dinh vg bien chg co cau, nghigm kbdc truy cuu trdch nhiem.
Nhiing kuih nghiem tirgn cua Trung Qudc trong tien trinh cai each hdnh ehinh Id nhirng gpi ma cho Viet Nam khi dang trong qud trinh ddi mdi, nang cao hieu qua ciia he thdng hartii chinh trong giai doan hien nay nhdm huang tai muc tieu xdy dung chinh phu kign tao trong sach, viing manh. Cu the:
Thunhit, cdn thay ddi nhdn thiic trong cdi each. De cai each thdnh cdng, chiing ta nen xay
LYLUANCHINHTRJ-S67/2019
Ji
dung Id tiinh rd rdng, d d n g t h a i d e r a k g h o a c h va m u c tieu c p t h g c h o t i m g giai d o a n . Viec c a i each ciing c a n d u o c t h e chg, c o c h e h o a .
Thuhai, c h u t r p n g d g n v i e c t h d n g n h a t c h i dao, t a o r a s u d d n g t h u a n v a n h d t q u d n ttr t r g n xudng d u a l , tir t r o n g r a n g o d i . B e n c a n h d o , d e cai cdch h a n h c h i n h m a n g lai h i e u q u a c a o c h o xa hoi till c i i n g n e n t i e n h d n h h a i h o a , d d n g b p vdi cai e a c h l a p p h d p , t u p h a p , t i g n t a i x a y dirng c h l n h p h u p h a p tri " b d n h p b a p t b e o dung p h d p ludt".
Thuba, coi viec d a p icng m o n g m o i cita n g u d i dan, xd h p i v a d o a n h n g b i e p l a m u c t i e u h a n g dau c u a cai e a c h . Cai c d c h n e n t a p t r u n g v d o bdn npi d u n g c h i n h : d i e u tigt k i n b t e , g i a m s a t thi trudng, q u a n Iy xa h p i v a c u n g c a p d i c h v u cdng, t r o n g d o cai c d c h d i c h v u c o n g n g n t a p m m g v d o viee n d n g c a o n a n g l u c c h u y e n m d n , tinh t h d n t r d c h n h i e m , t h a i d p p h u c v u c u a d p i ngu cdng vu vign.
Tdm lai, trai q u a 40 n a m tien h d n h cdi e a c h , tiie chg h d n h c h i n h ciia T n m g Q u d c d a c d nhicng b u d c tign Ian, d d n g t h d i c u n g dg lai n h i e u kinh n g h i e m q u y t r o n g cdi c d c h . Viec di s d u cai each h a n h c h i n h s a u D a i h d i XVIII D C S T r u n g Qudc dd t h i i c d a y m o t e a c h t d n g t h e b d c u e
"Ngu vi n h a t t h e " , c u n g n h u t h i i c d a y rapt e a c h hai h d a b d c u e c h i g n l u p c " B d n t o d n d i e n " , c d y nghia vd c i m g q u a n t r g n g t r e n t i e n t r i n h xdy dung hien dai h d a h e t h d n g v d n d n g l u c q u a n tri qudc gia, h u o n g t o i m u c t i e u t r 6 t h d n h e u d n g qudc h i e n d a i h d a v a o giiia tiig ky n
(1) Mang Tan Hoa, Giai thich Phuong an cai each ca c3i;0uocvuvjen, h t t p : / / w v w . x i n h u a n e t . c o m . tiny cap ngay 3-10-2018.
(2) Mang N h d n d a n (Trung Qudc), Quyit dmh cua
Trung uong DCS Trung Qudc vS viec xoa bo nbung phap quy trong Dang va cac van ban hen quan den vi$c cai each ca ciu cac ca quan Dang va Nha nudc, http://politics.peopIe.com.cn, t m y c a p n g a y 4-1-2019.
(3) M a n g DCS T r u n g Q u d c , Qudc vu vien trieu tap Hoi nghi true tuyin toan qudc ve thiic day cai each tinb gian bo may, phan quyen, ket hop giUa buong-quan -phucvu, tdi uu hda dich vu.
iy Khic Cudng co bai phat bieu quan trong.
h t t p : / / c p c . p e o p I e . c o m . c n , t r u y c a p n g a y 3-10- 2018.
(4) M a n g Tdn Hoa, Nhung goi md tu viec thtic day c^ each tinh gian bd may, phan quyinketuDaibdi XVIII cua Dang, h t t p : / / n e w s . x i n h u a n e t . c o m , truy cap ngay 3-10-2018.
(5) M a n g T a n Hoa, Quoc vu vien 1 nam qua: Tinh gian bg may, phan quyen - Nhung viec idn lien quan den ban, h t t p : / / n e w s . x i n h u a n e t . c o m , truy c a p ngay 23-9-2018.
(6) M a n g Tan Hoa, "Buong - quan - phuc vu" da tao nen ddng luc mdi cho kinh ti- Tdng thuat ve cai each tinh gian bo miy, phan quyen a Trung Qudc, h t t p : / / n e w s . x i n h u a n e t . c o m , tiny cap ngay 15-7-2018.
(7) Day nhanh xay dung chinh phu online, ngar]h chinh phu dien tu co trien vong tang tdc, https://www.yicai.com, t m y cap ngay 4-1-2019.
(8) M a n g C h i n h phii T r u n g Q u d c , Van p h d n g T r u n g u o n g DCS T r u n g Q u d c , Van pbong Qudc vu vien ban banh "Y kien chi dao ve viec di sau thuc diy thuan tien hoa dich vu phe duyet", h t t p : / / w w w . g o v . c n , truy c a p n g a y 12-3-2019.
(11) M a n g Chinh phii T r u n g Qudc, Qudc vu vien Uieu tap Hoi nghi true tuyin toan quoc ve di sau cai each "buong - quan - phuc vu", chuyen dot chuc n^ng chinh quyin, Ly Khde Cucmg co bai p h a t bieu q u a n trong, http://www.gov.cn, t m y cap ngay 12-3-2019.
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-S67/2019