LICH Sir - KHAO CO - DAN XOC HQC
^ Cach mang thang Tam trong ky irc nha su- hoc Tran Huy Li^u
I r a n Dftc C u d n g *
Tdm tat: Cd nhftng ngudi von la chien si cdch mgng, ttmg tham gia cdc sy ki§n Ijch su quan trpng, sau ndy trd thanh nba sft hpc vilt Igi chinh sy ki$n da trdi qua gop phan tgo nen sy ehan thgt va sing dpng cho sft hpc. Giao su, Vi?n sT Tran Huy Li?u la mpt trong s l nhihig ngudi hilm hoi ay. Ong la nha yeu nudc. Id chien sT cdch mgng kien trung trong sy nghifp gidi phdng dan t^c, sau trd thdnh nhd sft hpc noi tieng, cd uy tin trong vd ngoai nudc.
Tir khda: Cdch mgng thdng Tdm; Nha su hpc; TrJin Huy Lieu.
Trdn Huy Lidu sinh ngay 5 thdng 11 ndm 1901 trong mpt gia dinh nhd nho ydu nudc tgi lang Van Cdt, huydn Vu Ban, tinh Nam Dinh. Sinh ra vd ldn ldn trong cdnh mat nudc, dng dd' sdm tham gia cac hogt dpng ydu nudc ching thyc dan Phdp xdm lupc. Tft ndm 18 tuli, Tran Huy Li^u dd lam tha, vilt bdo the hipn ldng yeu nudc. Ong ti'ch cyc tham gia cdc hoat ddng chinh tri trong phong trdo ydu nudc vd dan chu vdo cdc ndm giiia vd culi thap ky 20 cfta thl ky XX. 6ng vidt nhieu bai bdo da kich che dp thupc dia trdn td Ndng cd min ddm xudt bdn d Nam Ky.
Ndm 1925, Tran Huy Lipu Iam chft but td Ddng Phdp thai bdo. Qua td bao, dng gdp phdn phdt d0ng phong trao ddu tranh ddi thyc dan Phdp trd ty do cho nhd ydu nudc Phan Bpi Chdu luc dy dang bj giam gift tai Ha N^i, t l chftc ddm tang Phan Chu Trinh vd ddu tranh ddi thd Nguyen An Ninh bj giam tgi Khdm ldn Sdi Gdn vd tham gia thdnh lap Ddng Thanh nidn Vipt Nam.
Ndm 1928, Trdn Huy Lipu tiidnh lgp Nha xuat ban Cudng hpc thu xd, cho in hdnh nhieu cudn sdch cl vu tinh thin ydu nudc chong dp bftc vd gdp phdn nang cao ddn tri, Tran Huy Lipu tham gia Vipt Nam Quoc ddn Ddng, mpt td chuc tiiu tu sdn ydu
nudc, chdng Phap luc ly vd trd thdnh ylu nhan cfta Ddng.
Vdi nhftng hogt ddng ydu nudc nhu d5 ndu, Trdn Huy Lipu bi thyc dan Phap bat giam vdo cuoi ndm 1929. 6ng bj kit an 5 ndm tu va ddy ra Cdn Ddo.
Nhd tii dl quic khdng be gdy ^ chi chiln ddu ciia Trdn Huy Lidu. Tai Cdn Ddo - mOt dia ngyc tiln gian cfta thyc dan Phdp diing dl giam cdm, ddy ai cdc chidn sT cdch mang vd nhting ngudi ydu nudc - Tran Huy Li^u vln tich cyc hoat dpng. 6 i ^ lam thu ky t6a soan cho Hdn Cau tudn bdo, rdi Tgp chi Tieng song be, Tgp chi Bdn gdp nhdm c6 vii ldng ydu nudc cho cdc bgn tft va dd phd dch thdng trj thyc dan.
Chinh trong nhd tft dl quoc, Tran Huy Lipu cd dip dpc mpt sd tdc pham cdch mgng dupc luu hdnh bi m$t, nhu: Tu bdn lugn, Duy vgt Hch sir^ Triit hgc di^ vgt, Kinh te chinh tri hQC vd mpt sl t$p ciia L&nin todn tgp.
Qua nhftng kiln thftc va ly li4n cdch mgng hpc dupc tft sdch vd vd tu cdc cuOc '*' Ph6 giio su, tien sT, Vifn Hin ldm Khoa hpc xS hpi Vift Nam. DT: 0913558903.
Email: [email protected].
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Cdch mgng thdng Tdm...
thdo lugn chinh tri vd qua cdc tdm guang yeu nudc, bat khult, kien cudng cfta nhidu dang vidn c^ng sdn cftng bi giam gift, dng dan dan gidc ngp 1;^ tudng cpng sdn chft nghia. Vi v$y, nam 1934, khi ra hi, dng tuyen bd ly khai Vipt Nam Qakc dan Ddng dd din ndm 1936, trd thdnh dang vidn Dang Cdng san Ddng Ducmg.
Dupc phan cdng hoat dpng trdn lihh vyc bdo chi, Tran Huy Li^u tich cyc vilt bdi cho cac bdo ydu nudc, nhu: Ddt mrdc, Tiing vang, Kiin vdn, Hdn tre, Tiing tre, Tdn xd hgi. Thai the. Thai bdo. Ong cdn cirng vdi Vd Nguydn Giap, D ^ g Thai Mai vilt cho td bdo Le Travail (Lao dgng) nhdm co vu phong trao dau tranh cfta qudn chftng trong thdi ky M§t trgn Binh dan.
Khi chfnh quydn tiiyc dan ddng cua td' Le Travail, Tran Huy Lipu ciing vdi Trudng Chinh, Ddo Duy Ky, Khult Duy Tidn, Trdn Dinh Long, Tran Dmh Tri, Van Tan, Nguyen Thupng Khanh ra bdo Tin tuc, td bdo cdng khai ciia Ddng Cpng sdn £)dng Duang.
Sau khi bdo Tin tiic bi ddng cfta, Tran Huy Lipu lgi tiiam gia ra td D&i nc^f, cdng kich chl d$ tdn bao cua thyc ddn Phdp thd hien qua chinh sdch rupng ddt, thul khda...
Khi Chiln tranh thd gidi tfau hai bftng nd, chfnh quyen Phap d Ddng Duong ra sftc dan dp cac lyc Iupng each mgng vd ydu nudc, vi thl td Doi nay bi ddng cfta, Tran Huy Lieu ciing vdi cac ddng chi cfta dng nhu Trdn Dinh Long, Nguydn Vdn Phftc bi thyc dan Phdp bdt giam, bi kit an 3 ndm tft vd day fi Son La.
Trong nhd tu San La va mot sd ti^ giam ma Trdn Huy Lipu bi tiiyc dan Phdp day dpa sau dd nhu trgi giam Ba Van, Nghia Lp, dng lgi vilt bdo vd lam chft bftt cdc td Sudi Reo (1941), Dong song Kong (1942), Con duang nghta (1945) vdi cdc bai vilt len dn chl dp tan bgo cua ke thft vd nang
cao tinh tiidn ydu nuoc, Igc quan each mang cho cdc ddng chf bj dich bat giam.
Ngdy 17 thdng 3 ndm 1945, trong thih thl each mgng sdi ndi cd nudc Iftc ay, Trdn Huy Lieu ciing vdi hon mpt trdm tu chinh tri phd trai giam Nghia Lp, vuot ngyc, vd vdi each mang dd tham gia hoat dpng. Ong thudng xuydn vidt bdo COu quoc, ca quan ngdn luan ciia Mdt tran Viet Minh vd kip thai tham gja vdo cdc hoat dpng cua Ddng vd cac td chftc ydu nudc tidn tdi Tdng khdi nghta gidnh chinh quyln trong todn qudc.
Thang 8 nam 1945, Trdn Huy Lidu dy Dai hdi CJudc dan tgi Tan Trdo, dupc eft gift chftc Phd Chft tich Uy ban Ddn tdc Gidi phdng rdi ldm Bd tnidng Tuyen truyin trong Chinh phu Lam thdi.
Troi^ nhiing ngdy thdng Tdm sdi dpng khi thd cdch mang cfta mfta Thu nam 1945, ngudi chidn sT each mang Trdn Huy Lieu dd trdi qua nhftng gid phtit trpng dgi cua ddt mrdc va trpng dgi trong cupe ddi hogt dpng each mgng sdi ndi cua dng: dupc phan cdng vidt bdn Qudn l^nh sd 1 ciia Uy ban Khdi nghta trong Tdng khdi nghta thdng Tdm ndm 1945 ngay tidn mdnh ddt Tan Trdo ljch sft vd dupc eft ldm Trudng doan ciia Chfnh phft Lam thdi tuydn bd chdp nhdn sy thodi vi cfta vua Bdo Dgi va nhdn In, kidm ciia nhd vua nop cho Chinh quydn Cdch mgng, trudc sy chftng kien cfta han 5 van nhan dan thdnh pho Hud.
Sau nay, khi da trd thanh mdt nha su hpc, Tran Huy Lipu da vilt vl sy kidn trpng dgi nay nhu sau:
"Tin Nhat ddu hang thfic dye Oy ban Khdi ng^iia phai Idm vipc gdp nit, Idnh khdi nghta cfta Uy ban Lam thdi Khu Giai phdng da dupc truyin fi, cac cdng vdn, chi tiii diu dupc ddng dau ngodi, nghia la phdi truydn theo cac tram fi ludn ngdy dem khdng nghi.
Ddm 13 thdng 8, trong mpt can nha Ipp Id, tdi d u ^ ddng chf Van (Vd Nguydn Giap 75
Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Vi^t Nam, so 9(94) - 2015 - TG) uy quyln cho thdo ban Qudn lenh so 1 cfta Uy ban Khdi nghta.
Mdc dft ngdi dudi ngpn den tu mft nhiing con tdm xuan, con thidu thdn bay quanh tdi t ^ , muoi va dm thay nhau ddt ldm tdi nhilu liic niy ngudi ldn hay ddp chdn banh bgch, tdi van say sua nght den cdnh mat nudc, ddn nhyc tft ban tam muai nam, nghi din sy nghiep cdch mgng ciia mdy thl k^' qua; nhftng cudc khdi nghta cfta Van thdn, cfta Vift Nam C?udc dan Ddng cho ddn ngay nay dudi sy lanh dgo cua Ddng Cpng sdn Ddng Duang. Minh dupc sung sudng ldm cai vifc "nfta ddm truydn hjch hpn ngdy xuat qudn". Bdn Qudn l$nh so 1 Iftc ay tdi thdo ra mpt mach, dpc di dpc lgi van khdng sfta chfta mpt chft ndo"^''.
Rdi nhiing ngay tidp theo, nhu mpt sy thin ky cfta thdi didm md "moi ngdy bdng 20 ndm", 17 ngdy sau: "Ngdy 30 thdng Tdm ndm 1945, theo gid dd dinh, 5 van nhdn ddn npi thdnh Hue da tap trung trudc cfta Ngp mdn, cd dd sao vdng rye rd bdn bd sdng Huong vd tren mdt sdng, didm vdo nhiing hdi^ cdy lieu xanh ri vd cdm tren nhftng chiec thuyen bdng binh gifta ddng nudc xanh bide. Xe cua phdi dodn tft tft tiln vdo cfta chinh Ngp mdn gjua tiing hoan hd vang dgy cfta quin chftng...
Bdo Dgi chft khdn vang, mdc hodng bdo dung chye sdn d cfta. Phdi dodn budc ldn Ngp mdn, ddn chiing hoan hd sdi nli. Din lupt Bdo Dgi dpc chidu thodi vj. Dpc xong, Bdo Dgi gia hai tay ddng chide kidm dai ngm ngpc vd sau dd Id chide an hinh vudng.
Tdi thay m|t Chfnh phu Lam thdi cfta nudc Vi^t Nam Dan chft Cpng hda tilp nhdn hipn vdt tupng trung cho chd dd"*^*.
Ong cung bdy td cdm xuc cfta minh vl nhftng gid phftt trpng dgi iy:
- "Sau cu$c ll, mpt nha bdo din phdng vdn tdi ve cdm tudng khi nhdn ^ kilm cfta Bdo Dgi, tdi ndi: Trong cudc ddi tham gia
each mgng chdng thuc dan, phong kiln, ^i da hai Idn dupc sdng nhiing gid phut sung sudng nhat la Iftc thao Qidn l$nh s61 cua Uy ban Khdi nghta trong cupe Tdng khtt nghta thdng Tdm vd hdm nay dupc nhdn an kidm tft vi vua cudi ciing ciia chl dp quan chft Vipt Nam. Dd Id kdt qua cfta mpt qua trinh ddu tranh gian khd vd anh dimg cua dan tpc ta dudi sy lanh dao cua Ddng cfia giai cap cdng nhan. Trong nhiing ngdy vinh quang cua ddn tpc, ridng vd phan tdi, tdi d2 dupe cdi vinh dy la sdng nhftng gid phiit Hch sft md cdch mgng da ban cho tdi.
Ngdy 2 thdng 9 nam 1945, tgi quang trudng Ba Dinh, Hd Chft tich thay m^t Chinh phu Lam thdi dpc bdn Tuydn ngon Ddc ldp. Tdi cung bdo cao vd phdi doan vao Hui nhdn vipc thodi vj cfta Bdo Dgi vd d?
an kilm ldn Hd Chu tich"*^'.
Ong cdn vidt: "Bay gid nhd lai, tdi nghi ndu ddi ngudi ta, tlnh ydu ddu tidn van la tinh yeu ngdy tha nhat, tham thiet nhit, say md nhdt, thi nudc Vipt Nam Ddn chft Cpng hda ciia chftng ta, theo chu quan cfta tdi, cdi phong vi cfta nhftng ngdy diu sau cu$c Tdng khdi nghia thdng lai van ddm da nh^
nhd lau nhit"*"*.
Cdi tinh ydu iy, cm "phong vj" cua thda ban diu iy ddi vdi sy nghipp cdch mgng vi nin ddc ldp, ty do thidng lieng cda dat nudc, Tran Huy Li§u da mang theo cho den hit cupe ddi hogt dpng sdi noi, nhidt tiiilnh cua dng dft tiong hodn cdnh ndo, khi dng \i Bp trudng Tuyen truyin trong Chfnh phii Lam thdi nudc Vipt Nam Dan chft Cpng hda hay khi la Trudng ban Nghidn eftu VSn Sft Dja, Vi^n trudng Vi^n Sft hpc.
'" Tran Huy Lifu (1991), Hoi ky. Nxb Khoa hpc x5 hOi, tr.354.
*^'5'^4tr.369-370.
'"Satf, tr.371.
**' TrSn Chiin (2009), Trdn Huy Li0u - Cdi ngudi Nxb Kim DSng, Hi Nfi, tr. 18.
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