KHOA HOC C 6 N C HOHt
aa BEIXI SIAIH HOC CUA G d T R A M TRAIVG {CAIMARIUM ALBUM LOUR. RAEUSCH) XLT L V DMDHEU
T? Thj Phuong Hoa T6MTAT
Nglii<^n cmi (1(1 b^n sinh hpc cila gA Triim triing bi^n tinh tjiVi h 6 a chat climeblo-diliydroxy-ctylen - urS (DMDHEU) n6ng d.l Kt\l\c nhnu: 10, 20, 30, 35. AQUt Mi v(n miiu gii IthOng lu«c va luoc a n h i « il) 70»C tfiKx- xir ly DMDHEU, niAi tmims \\w Igi dir(?i" thiJ nglii^m v(>i hai lru(>ng hi/p: ni5u qua roa troi va Ithong qua riri \rti\. Ivrl qu,-i nghidn cini da xac dinli duoc U'ong tiit c i civ: I n r ^ g \\q\i: Kha n i i i ^ cliring niim bicn mau Aspergillus iiifferV. Ticgbcm ciia «(> Tniii) trdng xir !y D.MDHEU dir(7c x.-ic djnh thong qua ton hao I<h6i liRTn^r. ty 1$ phan trilm di^n ticli bi(^n iii.au ciia niSu g(i v.i ty le giam cAc dai lir(nig nay cua g 6 xij ly so voi g(') Ith6ng xir ly, kha nang ch(ing n.iin muc h6n hop Phurotus ostrealus Oacq. ex Fr.) Kumm cua go Tram trdng xir ly DMDHi:U diT(7c x.ic djnb bin t(in hao V.h6\ lu<;mg cCia g 6 va d^ giam ton hao khdi luong cua mdu xir ly so v(>i niiiu kb(ing xir ly: klia nang ch6ng mdi Coptotermes foniiosanius - t h d n g qua giam ty 1^ phiin tram sd mdu c6 v(-l mdi an, sd mdu c6 vdt mdi an sdu hon hoac bdng 1 m m va giam ty 1^ phdn tnSm sd mdu cd vdt mdi .in rgng lion ho$c bdng 1 cm.
Tir khda: Trim u-itig, dd b^n sinh hpc, dimeUlo-dihydroxy-etylen-ure 0MDHEtD.
LDATVANDE
G i y T r a m t r d n g c o t h a n h o n , t h d n g , d o t h o i n g p n t h a p ; g d c o m a u sdng, d o n g d e u , it m a t . N h i n i g gc'i T r a m trdng co khdi l u p n g t h S tich tliap, mim, n h ? va CO d o b e n sinh h g c r a t tli^p n ^ n iJiuimg c h i d u g c sir d u n g lam c a c k ^ t c a u k h o n g d o i h o i chju l u c c a o v a t a m thoi, g d k h d n g duipc s u d u n g l a m c a c d o d u n g h o d c k e t cau sir d u n g n g o a i trot, d o vgy g i a tri k i n h td ctia c i i y T r a m c o n t h a p . N g h i e n c u u giai p h a p n a n g c a o cliat l u g n g gd T r a m h d n g , ddc biet la d o b ^ n s i n h h g c ciia g d d e c o t h e sir d u n g g o T r a n i h d n g vao c a c m u c dich k h a c n h a u , or n h i i n g n o i c o s u t h a y d d i 1cm vd d o iim, sir d u n g ngoai troi, la r a t c a n diict. D o b ^ n sinh h o c g d d u p c x a c d i n h b o i k h a n d n g c h d n g c h i u s i n h vat ciia g o (nam m d c , n a m bidn m a u , n a m mirc n d u , n a m rairc h d n g , n & i m u c m d m ) , k h a n d n g c h d n g m d i h o d c d d n g tlidi c d c tdc n h d n p h d h o a i vita n d u .
D u o i ddy la k d t q u a n g h i d n c i m n d n g c a o d p b d n s i n h h p c c u a g o T r a m t r d n g b d n g h o a chiit d i m c t i l o - dihydroxy-etylen-urd ( D M D H E U ) . 6 d d y d p b e n s i n h h p c d u p c d a n h gid q u a k h d n d n g c h d n g n a m bidn m a n vd n a m m u c , k h a n d n g c h d n g m g i t r g n g p h d n g thi n g h i d m . D a y la m g t p h d n k d t q u a t r o n g n g h i e n c t m n d n g c a o c h a t l u p n g g d T r d m t r d n g b d n g p h u o n g p h a p b i ^ n t i n h b d i D M D H E U ( 1 ) , 12].
n. VAT U0I VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 1. V a t h d u n g h i d n cthi
Vat lidu: G o T r a m t r d n g (.Canarium album I^eusch) 20 hidi, duoc khai thac tai Chuong My, Ha
Ndi; hda chdt dimetilo - dihydroxy - etylen - urd (DMDHEU), clorua magid (MgCh.HjO), nudc cat
Tliie't bi: hi didu nhidt RW-3025G (Hdn Qudc) cd thd didu khien nhiet dp tir 25°C ddn 100°C; thidt bj tam chan khong 4p luc, hi siy. c4n phan tich, thidt bj do kich thiroc.
2. Phirong phdp nghidn cuu Bd tii thuc nghiem
Bd tri thuc nghidm don yeu to, ydu td thay ddi la ndng dg hda chdt DMDHEU.
Yeu to dau vio: ndng dp hda chat DMDHEU thay ddi: 10,20,30, 35,40*.
Yeu to diu ra: Dai lupng ddc trung cho kha ndng chdng nam bien mau Aspergillus nigerW. Tieghem:
ty Id phJn trdm didn tich bien mau, tdn hao khdi lupng; dji lupng d^c trung chp kha ndng chdng nam muc hdn hpp Pleurotus ostieatus Oacq. ex Fr.) Kumm: tdn hao khdi lupng; dai lupng ddc trung cho i khd ndng chdng moi Coptotermes formosanus.
Yeu td CO dinh. Cac thong sd xu ly Iupc gd, cac tlidng sd che dg tam, chd dp xu ly nhidt.
Tliuc nghidm dupc tidn hdnh trgng hai hudng' hpp: man gd khong Iupc va ludc truoc xir ly DMDHEU, moi truong hgp lai thir nghidm vdi hai.
truong hgp: mau qua nia trdi va khong qua rua trdi.
- Qua hinh xir ly thuy nhidt Qudc) go: nhidt do ( luOc - 70°C, dd dm go truoc khi Iupc - 4096, thoi gian ludc • 12 gid'.
' Trudng D^i hpc Lam nghi?p
80 N 6 N G NGHlf P V A PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - K V 2 - THANG 6/2012
KHOA HOC CONG NGH£
. Qua trinh xu ly hoa chat DMDHEU: Dp im g6 truoc khi tam 12%, thoi gian nit chan khong 30 phut;
thai gian duy tri ap luc 90 phut; ty l€ chat xiic tac 5,5%
khoi lugng so voi hoa ch^t DMDHEU, nhi^t dd xir ly nhiet 120"C, thai gian xu ly nhi^t sau tam 12 gia.
Dung dich tam dugc chu£n bi theo nong dp da lira chon, ty le ve khdi lupng giua MgCl^.H^O vi DMDHEU la 5,5%, dung m6i 1^ nuoc. Thuc nghidm xulygft boi hoa chat DMDHEU da dupc mo tAo (21.
• liy mau xac dinh kha nang chong sinh v§t diroc thuc hidn dua theo tidu chuan TCVN 16483.21- 72 sua doi nSm 1984 - "G6 - Phuong phap l^y mau de xac dinh tinh chat ca ly g6 sau qua trinh c6ng ngh^"
va tieu chuan nganh vi thu hidu luc bao quan voi nam, moi do phong Bao quan Lam san, Vi?n Khoa hpc lim nghidp Viet Nam xay dung.
Phuong phap nghidn ciiu khi ning chdng nim Kha nang chong chiu nam bien mau va nam muc cua g6 xu ly duoc xac dinh dua theo tidu chuan nganh vd thu hidu luc bao quan voi nam, c6 tham khao tieu c h u ^ chau Au EN 152 va EN 113. Kich thuoc mSu la 50x25x15 mm (dpc tho xuydn tam x tiep tuy^n), so lupng mau: 9 mau/seri/loai nam, trong do 3 miu ddi ehung (khong XLT ly) va 6 mSu xu ly. Tien hanh thu hieu luc qua trinh xu ly voi 2 loai nam hai g6: nam hoai sinh gay bien mau Aspergillus nigerN. Tieghem; nam hoai smh gay muc h6n hpp Pleurotus ostreatus Oacq. ex Fr.) Kumm.
Cac mSu g6 dupc Iupc va khong duoc Iupc, dupc xii ly hoa chat DMDHEU theo bo tri thye nghidm.
Sau do tien hanh xac dinh hieu luc phong chong n&i: xac dinh ton hao khdi lupng va ty 1^ giam ton liao khoi lupng ciia mlu xii ly. Voi nhung mau go can thi ma troi truoc khi ihu hieu ILTC vdi nam c4n ti^n hanh thii rira troi hoa chat theo tidu chuan EN 84.
Kha nSng chdng nam bi^n mau dupc x^c dinh thflng qua t^n hao khdi lupng, ty 1^ phan trSm didn tich bi^n mau cua mau xii ly va ty 1§ giam c^c dai lu^ng nay ciia mau xu ly so voi mau khong xu ly.
Kha nang chdng n ^ muc dupc xac dinh qua tdn hao m\ luong cua miu g6, ty Id giam ty 1^ tdn hao khdi liwng cua miu xii ly so vdi miu khong xu ly.
Kha nang chdng nam bi^n mau cua gd dupc
^^hgiatiieo:
^ -TCVN, can cuvao hai dai lupng: tyl^ giam ty Id ton hao khdi lupng va ty le giam ty Id bien mau, tinh
^lem cho hai dai luong nay va ti^u chi d ^ h gii thay
ddi nhu sau: Tdng didm cua M va BM dat 2 didm- hi^u luc bao quan tdt; 34 di^m- trung binh va 56 didm- kem.
- Tidu chu£n ndi bd cua Vidn Cdng ngh^ va Sinh hpc go Gottingen, Diic [6], can cu vao ty 1^ phan tram didn tich bidn mau ciia go (dai lupng nay duoc xiic dinh nhd phin mdm GIMP 2).
Ty 1^ didn tich bidn miu cua mhi go sau khi thu nghidm vdi ndm dupc x^c djnh nhd phdn mdm GIMP 2. Bdn mat bdn cua cac mau gd dupc qudt hinh va sir dung phan mdm GIMP 2 dd xac djnh ty Id didn tich phan cd mau den va p h ^ cd mau tidng, phan bd mat dupc xem nhu cd mau den sd dupc tinh Id phan dien tich bi bidn mau.
Kha nang chdng ndm muc cua gd dupc danh gia theo: Ty Id giam ty 1§ tdn hao khdi lupng tiieo tidu chudn Vidt Nam; Ty Id tdn hao khdi lupng gd, phan cap dp ben vdi nam myc trong didu kidn phdng thi nghidm theo Fildlay [4].
Phuong phap xic dinh khi ning chdng mdi Hidu luc phdng chdng mdi ciia gd xu ly DMDHEU duoc xac dinh theo tidu chudn nganh vd thii hieu luc phdng chdng mdi. Tidn hanh thir hidu luc phdng chdng cua miu go xir 1^ DMDHEU voi mdi Coptotermes formosanus. Theo tidu chudn kich thudc mdu bang 150 x 30 x 10 mm (dpc thd x xuyen tam X tiep tuydn). Sd lupng mau: 3 mau xu ly/seri, 2 mdu ddi chiing/seri. Sd lan lap la 3. Thu nghidm vdi 5 cdp ndng dp trong hai tnidng hpp: mdu khdng dupc ludc (KL) va dupc ludc trudc (L), nhu v?y cd 10 bo miu xu ly. Mdi bp xir ly dupc tien hanh thu hidu luc chdng mdi trong hai trudng hpp: mdu khdng thu nia trdi (KKI^ va qua thu nia trdi (KI).
Sau khi xu ly hda chat cac mau gd dupc luu giu trong dieu kidn phdng it nhat 4 tudn. Tien hanh thuc nghidm xac dinh hidu luc chdng mdi tiieo TCVN.
Hidu luc phdng chdng mdi dupc danh gid theo 3 chi tidu sau:
Ty le giam ty Id phdn tiam sd mau xii 1^ cd vet mdi an so vdi mau ddi chiing:
'-x\00
Trong dd: V^^, V^: Ty Id phdn tram sd mdu ddi chiing cd vet mdi an, sd mau xu ly cd vet mdi an.
Giam ty le phan ti-am sd mau xii ly cd vdt mdi an sau hon hoSc bdng 1 mm so vdi mau ddi chiing:
N6N(5 NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 6/2012
KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NGHJ
Trong do: V,v.,V„i-Ti/ If phSn trim so m-lu dfii chiing, so mau xu ly co vt^t moi in siiu hon hoOc biing 1 ninl.
Giam ty k^ phSn U-am sii mSu xir ly c6 vfft miii .In rong hon ho.lc b,ing 1 cm so voi miiu clc'ii chimg:
, - r
z •• .vlOO
Trong do: V,,,,, V,,, - Ty \i philn Ir.lm sii mSu ihii ehung, so nwu xir ly co vet moi in rOng him ho^c biing 1 cm.
Cho di^m c4c chi Ueu X, Y, Z: Tir 0% ddn 3W djt 3 difai; l*n hon 30% &in 60% dat 2 didm; 16n hon 60%
den lOM dat 1 didm. T6ng sfi diem voi 3 chi USu dst 3 den 4 qui trinh xCr ly cho hiCu lire phong chdng mdi tot; dat hdn 4 diem ddn 7 diem - cho hidu IMC Uiing binh; U-dn 7 didm ddn 9 didm - cho hidu luc kem.
•L KEi QUA m m cuu
1. Kha nang ch^ng nim bidn mau Aspergillus nigerV. Tieghem oia gfi Tram tiing xir ly DMDHEU
a. Ton hao khdi lupng
Ket qua xac dinh ton hao khiii luqmg do nim Aspergillus nigerV. Tieghem ciia mau khdng Iupc vi ludc sau khi xir ly DMDHEU duoc tdng hpp (V bang 1. Dp tang khdi lupng tang len khi ndng dp hda chat DMDHEU tang cr cii hai truimg hpp mau go khong
chat DMDHEU mSu gd dupc ludc tnioc khi xir Iji h.
ch& cd dd tang khdi lupng WPG cao hon m5u j khdng dupc ludc tnrdc. Chimg td ring, qua trir ludc trudc xir 1^ lam tang kha nang tham hda ch vao gd. Khi thu rita trdi theo tidu chuan EN 84 c giam WPG b c i c bd miiu thuc nghidm tir 11,11% di 11,98%; day la kdt q u i xac dinh bang dp giam WF ciia mSu sau thir n'ra troi so voi WPG ban dau. Tc hao khdi \u(jng cua cac bp mau ddi chiing (mi khdng xir ly) trong chdu kidn thirc nghidm tror khoang 10,12% ddn 11,09%. Trong trudng hpp khdr thir rua trdi trudc khi thu nam tiSn hao khdi lupng ci mSu khdng ludc trudc khi xu ly hda chat ndng c 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40% 14n lupt la 6,53%, 4,57%, 3,31 2,83% va 2,62%. Trong khi do dai lupng nay ciia mi dupc Iupc umoc xir ly hda chit la 5,18%, 2,98%, 2,12 1,98% vi 1.85%. Vdi ciing ndng do hda chat xir ly ti hao khdi luc?ng ciia mau dupc Iupc trudc nho hon tc hao klidi lui.mg cua mSu khdng duoc ludc trudc. E la do khi yixi ly hda chat ciing ndng dp mau dupc luc tnrc^ cd lircmg hda chat vao gd cao hon, hay ndi cac khac cd do tang klidi lucjng cao hon. Mat khac, mau da qua ludc mdt sd chat chiet xuat da hi hda ta Su giam ham lui?ng chat chiet xuat tan trong niroc' lirpng hda chat vao go nhieu hon lam kha nSr chdng niim bidn mau cua go dupc ludc tnidc T/.U cao hem so vcri mau khdng duoc ludc trudc.
dupc ludc va mau gd duoc luoc: b ciing ndng dp hda
Biing 1. Dd tdn hao khdi lupng cua g6 Trdm tring sau thu nghidm vdi nira bidn mau Aspergillus nigerV. Tieghem
Seri mau
KL10%
KL20%
KL30%
KL35%
KU0%
U0%
L20%
L30%
L35%
L40%
WPG,%
KRT 10,62 15,68 19,27 21,12 22,05 13,17 19,25 23,38 26,23 27,42
RT 10,63 15,69 19,24 21,14 22,06 13,15 19,28 23,37 26,25 27,42
WPG sau rira
trdi, % RT 9,45 13,85 16,96 18,63 19,42 11,58 16,98 20,77 23,19 24,16
Dp gi.-im WPG,%
RT 11,12 11,76 11,83 11,88 11.98 11,92 11,95 11,11 11,65 11,86
Tdn hao khdi lucmg, % DC
10,19 10,29 10,34 10,12 11,09 10,21 11,03 10,61 10,59 10,78
KRT 6,53 4,57 3,31 2,83 2,62 5.18 2,98 2,12 1,98 1,85
RT 5,60 3,20 1,70 1,15 0,98 4,01 1,29 0,66 0,44 0,35
Ty Id giam tdn hao khdi
luong, %*
KRT 35,93 55,58 67,96 72,03 76,38 49,22 72,97 80,02 81,28 82,81
RT 45,05 68,87 83,55 88,62 i|
91,18 60,72 88,29 93,75 95,81 96,77 Trong dd: KL10%, KL20X, KL30X, KL35%, KLIOX - cic seri mau khdng dirpc Iupc, xi ly hoa a DMDHEU ndng dp 10%, 2096, SOX, SS%, 40X; L1W6, L20X, LS096, L3S%, L40% - cic seri miu dupc ludc, xat}l chit DMDHEU nong dd lOX, 20X, 30%, 35%, 40%; KRT, RT- tirong iing vdi miu khdng qua Oiirrva mM ra n qua thu nia trdi tnrdc khi thu hieu ILK voi nim.
82
NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG (>l%KHOA HOC CONG N C H i
Do thi bieu didn mdi quan hd giua ndng dp hda chat DMDHEU, dp tang khdi lupng mdu gd va tdn hao khdi lupng mdu gd do nam Aspergillus nigerV.
Tieghem dupc thd hidn tien hinh 1.
Vdi cung ndng dp hda chat xii ly va trong cung dik kidn thii nam tdn hao khdi lupng cua mdu gd qua thtr riia trdi trudc thii n ^ ludn ludn nhd hon tdn hao khdi luung cua mau khdng qua thu nia trdi. Dd giam ton hao khdi lupng do nam Aspergillus nigrrV.
Tieghem so vdi mdu ddi chimg ciia mdu xu ly khdng luoc tnrdc va khdng qua thu nra trdi dat 35,93% den 76,38St, trong khi dd dai lupng nay cua mau khdng lii6c va qua ttwi rua tidi dat 45,05% ddn 91,18%.
Tdn hao khdi lupng ciia mdu khdng qua tlur nia troi cao han la do trong mau khdng qua thu nra trdi tnrac thii nam cdn mot lupng hda chat chua phan ling trong gd, trong qua trinh thii nghipm vdi nam luong hda chat nay bi hda tan ndn klidi lupng mau gd giam nhidu hon, cdn vdi mdu da qua thii nia trdi lupng h6a chdt chua phan iing da bi rua trdi trong qua Irinh thii rtBtr6iftieoEN84.
Ton hao khdi lupng mau khdng Iupc trudc va xii ly hoa chat nong dp 10% la 45,05% (trong khoang 30%
den 60%). Cac seri mdu qua thtr rOra trdi khac cd dd giam ton hao khdi lupng dat tir 60,72% den 96,77%
(lon hon 60%). Theo tieu chuan nganh ve thu hidu
luc vdi nam can cii vao chi tidu giam tdn hao khdi lupng qua trinh xu ly a cac ndng dd 20%. 30%, 35% va 40% va qua thii nia trdi deu cd hidu luc tdt vdi nam Aspergillus niger V. Tieghem, cdn mau xii ly hda chat ndng do 10% sau dd thu riia trdi cd hidu luc trung binh vdi lo^ ndm ndy.
b. Tylephin trim dien tich bidn mau ciia mau gd Kdt qua xac dinh ly Id phan trSm didn tich bidn mau ciia mau go nhd phdn mem GIMP 2 dupc tdng hpp a biing 2. Ty Id didn tich bidn mau giam khi ndng dp hda chat tang va cd nghia la khi WPG tang. Ddi vdi cac mau khdng ludc trudc, khdng qua thii rua trdi va xu ly hda chat DMDHEU ndng dp 10% cd dp giam ly le didn tich bidn mau bang 20,10%, nhd hon 30%;
cdn xu ly DMDHEU ndng dp 20%, 30%, 35%, 40% cd dp giam ty Id didn tich bidn mau tii 35.24% den 53,99%, ddu nhd hon 60%.
Mdu gd ludc trudc va xu ly hda chat ndng dp 10%
va 20% cho hidu qua chdng nam trung binh, cdn mdu xii ly hda chat ndng dp 30%, 35% va 40% cho hidu qua chdng nam tdt can cii vao chi tidu giam ty Id dien tich bien mau gd. Dieu dd khdng dinh miu gd ludc trudc xii ly cho hieu qua chdng nam cao hon va didu nay xay ra la do lupng hda chat vao gd nhidu hon va mdt phdn chat chiet xuat tan trong nudc da bi hda tan khi ludc gd.
-KL.hRT KL.BT
N6ng d? DMDHEU. % T6n hao kh6i liRjmg, %
Hinh I. Quan hf gi&a nong d? DMDHEU, d9 tang khoi lu^ng vdfi ton hao khoi lugmg do nam Aspergillus niger V, Tieghem
a) Quanhd giira ndng dd DMDHEU va dp tang khdi lupng;
o) Quan he giua tdn hao khdi lupng gd do nam va dp tang khdi luong.
Khi v,v 1,'r K' I. •'* ' ' * - ' * • trong gd bi hda tan, lam giam kha nang bi nam xam wu xu ly hoa chat cung nong do va trong cung " " " ^ &^ ^t' , , , - , - ^ -^
Muhpnth,'.,. u-A ^ ' \ u ' ^ ; - . . nhap vatyle dien tich bidn mau cua go giam xuong.
uieu Kien thu nghidm nam mau qua thu rua troi co '"-^^ va ij . .
^0 giam ty- Id didn tich bien mau cao hon mau khdng Danh gia kha nang chdng nam bien mau cua gd qua thii nia trdi. Dd la do trong qua trinh thu nia trdi xii ly dua vao tieu chuan nganh ciia Vidt Nam dupc flieo tidu chuan EN 84 mot phan chat chiet xuat cd dua ra d bang 3. Theo kdt qua a bang 3, mdu khdng N6NG NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2012
KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NGHt
• ^
luoc truoc xu ly DMDHEU n6ng dO 10% vi 20% vi qua thu nia trdi cho hi^u qua chdng ndm trung binh, con xu ly hoa chSlt n6ng dO 30%, 35%, 40% va thu rua troi cho hi?u qua chdng nim tdt, trong khi dd c4c seri mau khdng qua rua trdi cho hi^u qua chdng nSm kem vi trung binh; khdng cd seri niio cho hifu quS
tdt xdt trdn chi tidu dp giam ty Id didn tich bien mau, Kdt qua thvc nghidm cho thiy mau dupc luOc trudc vi qua Ihu rua trdi khi xu ly DMDHEU ndng dp 2t«, 30%, 35% vi 40% cho hidu qua chdng nam Aspergillm niger'W. Tieghem tdt, cdn khi xit ly hda chat nong do 10% cho hidu qu4 chdng nam trung binh.
Seri mSu
KL10%
KL20%
KL30%
KL35%
KL40%
L10%
L20%
L30%
L35%
L40%
WPG,%
KRT 10,62 15,68 19,27 21,12 22,05 13,17 19,25 23,38 26,23 27,42
RT 9,45 13,85 16,96 18,63 19,42 11,58 16,98 20,77 23,19 24,16
Ty Id % didn tich bidn mdu, % DC
83,51 85,25 84,71 82,15 81,83 85,32 82,93 85,96 84,87 82,22
KRT 66,73 55,21 45,91 40,21 37,65 56,90 42,94 31,27 25,04 21,46
RT 59,74 45,24 35,26 30.12 28.51 48,68 32,11 21,87 16,81 15,58
Ty Id giam ty Id didn tich bidn miu, %
KRT 20,10 35,24 45,80 51,05 53,99 33,31 48,22 63,62 70,49 73,90
RT 28,46 46,94 58,38 63,34 65,16 42,94 61,28 74,56 80,20 81,06 Bang 3. Kdt qu4 dinh gid kha nSng chdng nim bidn
nginh d
Seri miu
KL10%
KL20%
KL30%
KL35%
KL40%
L10%
L20%
L30«
L35«
L40%
Khdng rua trdi (KRT) Tyld
giam tdn hao
khdi luong, %
35,93 55,58 67,96 72,03 76,38 49,22 72,97 80,02 81,28 82,81
Tyld giam ty Id didn tich bidn miu, %
20,10 35,24 45,80 51,05 53,99 33,31 48,22 63,62 70,49 73,90
Didm
X
2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
y
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
Tdng
5 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2
miu Aspergillus nigerV. Tiegh Vidt Nam
era dua theo Udu c h u ^ Riia trdi (RD
Tyld giam ton hao
khdi lining, %
45,05 68,87 83,55 88,62 91,18 60,72 88,29 93,75 95,81 96,77
Ty Id giam ly Id didn tich bidn miu, % 28,46 46,94 58,38 63,34 65,16 42,94 61,28 74,56 80,20 81,06
Didm
x
2 y
3 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Tdng
5 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
Miic hidu liK
kem- kem TB-TB TB-TB TB4dt TB-ldt TB-TB TB-tdt Tdt-ldt Tdt,«dt Tdt-tdt Miic dp bidn mdu cua mdu gd bidn tinh bdi
DMDHEU giam nhidu so vdi mau g6 khdng bidn tinh, khong quan sdt thdy hidn tupng spi ndm phdt
tri^n theo hudmg xuydn tSm. Su thay ddi mau sdc <
ca hai bd m$t mdu g5 cd th^ chi do su phdt tridn cii
spi ndm ngay dib^ mat mau. j
84 NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KV 2 - THANG 6/201
KHOAHPC CdNG NGHt Bang 4. Kdt qui dinh g i i k h i n i n g chdng nftm
bidn mill Aspergillus nigerW. Tieghem dya theo ti6u ndi bd cua Vidn Cdng nghd v i Sinh hpc gd,
Gottingen, Diic
nhung khdng ngan chin duoc hoan toin hi$n tu(mg bidn miu do nam. Kdt qui dinh gii theo ti6u chuan npi bd cua Vidn Cdng nghd Sinh hpc vi Gd, Gottingen, Due dupc dua ra a bing 4. Gd Trim tring khdng bidn linh cd kha nang chdng nam bidn mau Aspergillus nigerW. Tieghem thudc d p dp thip nhit - cip dd 5 (ty Id didn tich bidn miu 81% lon hon 75%).
Khi xir Ij> gd bing DMDHEU k h i nSng chdng nim bidn miu ciia gd bidn tinh d?t cap dd 4 hoac 3 trong Irudng hpp khdng thu riia trdi trudc khi thu nghita nfai v i cd thd dat cip dd 4, 3 hojc 2 trpng trudng hpp thu nia trdi, trong dd khi xH ly hda chit ndng dp 35%, 40% v i thu rua trdi trudc thii nim mau gd se cd kha ning chdng nim bidn miu a cip dp 2 (theo ti6u chuin -ty Id didn tich bidn miu li 16,81% vi 15,58%, nhd hon 20%).
2. Khi ning chdng nim miic hdn hpp Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kumm ciia gS Trim Irang xii 1^ DMDHEU
n • .J 1, • 1 • « T- • . i u j T^,.,T-.iiT-,, I^^' 1"^ ^^'^ dinh dp ting khdi lupng khi xu Qua Innh xu ly go Tram tang b i n g DMDHEU , • . ,i • , . v . , , - , , ,
„ , . . , , v i t.rf . . - ly va tdn hao khoi lupng cua go dupc tdng hop d n tang kha nang chong n i m bidn mau cua gd . , _ " .r
bang o.
Bang 5. Dd ting khdi lupng ciia miu gd v i tdn hap khdi lu^ng dia g5 do n i m Pleurotus ostreatiis Oacq. ex Fr.) Runun
Seri mlu
BC KLIM KL20%
KL30)l KL35SI KL40«
LlOX L20»
L30«
L35«
L40»
T ^ I J p h i n tram di6n tich bidn
mau, % KRT
>81 66,73 55.21 45,91 40,21 37,65 56,90 42,94 31,27 25,04 21,46
RT 59,74 45,24 35,26 30,12 28,51 48,68 32,11 21,87 16,81 15,58
Cip Hi)
KET 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3
RT 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2
Seri mau
KLIOSI KL20%
KL30)l KL35%
KL40SI
im i m
LSOX L35»
L40«
W P G , %
KRT 10,68 15,64 19,27 21,14 22,23 13,13 19,08 23,35 26,25 27,39
RT 10,66 15,66 19,26 21,18 22,19 13,16 19,04 23,38 26,22 27,45
WPG sau riia
trdi,%
RT 9,42 13,86 17,00 18,66 19,55 11,60 16,80 20,54 23,00 24,11
Dp giam WPG sau riia trdi, %
KT 11,63 11,48 11,75 11,88 11,92 11,85 11,76 12,15 12,27 12,18
Tdn hao khdi lupng, %
DC 26,08 26,38 26,22 26,24 25,74 26,11 26,22 26,51 26,06 26,45
KRT 5,85 4,24 3,35 2,76 2,22 4,69 3,17 1,94 1,55 1,14
RT 5,04 3,07 1,97 1,56 1,22 3,27 2,05 1,07 0,90 0,82
Ty le giam tdn hao khdi
lupng, %
KST 77,67 83,92 87,21 89,49 91,37 82,05 87,93 92,66 94,04 95,68
RT 80,67 88,36 92,50 94,04 95,27 87,47 92,17 95,95 96,53 96,92 r ^° *•! ve mdi quan hd giua ndng dd hda chat jjgj ^^ chp thiy, khdi lupng tang khi ndng dd
'^''HEU, dp tSng khdi lupng mau gd v i tdn hao j ^ j ^ ^hat DMDHEU ting, miu gd dupc ludc trudc xii
•oi lupng miu gd do nam Pleurotus ostreaUis dupc [j^ j-d dd tang khdi lupng cao hon mau khdng dupc W ten trdn hinh 2. l„5j. trudc. Khi khdi lupng ting tdn hao khdi lupng
Hll&MeHiiP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 6/2012
«5
KHOA HPC CdNG NGHt
gd dp nim giam xudng. Miu qua thu nia trdi trudc khi thii nam co tdn hao khdi lupng do nam Pleurotus
ostreatus thip hon so vdi miu khdng qua Ihu riia trdikhi tim hda chit cung ndng dd vi trong ciing didu Itidn thii nghidm vdi nim vdi ci hai lru(Vng hp]) miu dupc Iupc vi khdng dupc Iupc trudc xii ly hda chit.
Tir kdt qui d- bing 5 cd thd kdl luin ning qui trinh xii ly hda chit DMDHEU ndng dd 10*40% vdi miu khdng ludc vi miu Iupc trudc cho hidu qui chdng nam Pleurotus ostreatus tdt ndu cin cii vio
030 s
chi tidu dd giim tdn hao khdi luong go; gd Trim t ^ khdng xil ly cd dd bdn vdi nam Pleurotijs osti-eatils
cip dd - khdng bdn (tdn hao khdi lupng trdn 26«trong khoing 10-30%). Go Trim tring bidn Unh be DMDHEU b ndng dd 20%, 30%, 35% vi 40% cd dd bdi vdi nim muc, dat ddn cip dp - bdn (tdn hap kho lugng b cic seri mSu ddu nhd hon 5%). Cd thd khlnj djnh qui trinh xu ly gd Trim tring bdi DMDHEl ning cap rd rdt khi nSng chdng nim muc hdn hpj
Pleurotus ostreatus ciia gd.Nong d? DMDHEU. % Ton liao khdi lugng, %
3.
Hinh 2. Quan hd giiia ndng dd DMDHEU, tdn hao khdi lupng vdi dO ting khdi lupng do nim
Pleurotus ostreatusKha ning chdng mdi Coptotermes
formosamus cua gd Trim tring xii ly DMDHEUKet qua xic dinh dd ting khdi lupng cua miu gd khi thii hidu luc voi moi dupc tong hpp p bing 6.
Bang 6. Dd ting khdi lupng cua mSu gd xii 1^
DMDHEU khi thii hidu luc vdi mdi
TT1 2 3 4 5
Seri mlu KLIO*
KL20%
KL30%
KL35)l KL40%
WPG, 10,96 15,84 20,37 24,36 26,81
TT 6 7 8 9 ID
Seri miu L10%
L20*
L30%
L35%
L40%
WPG,)S 13,77 19,42 25,12 28,76 30,23
Xu ly hda chit DMDHEU ndng i.i> 10% trong ca hai trudng hpp ludc trudc vi khdng ludc trudc cho hidu luc chdng mdi trung binh, xii ly hda chit niy b cic ndng dp 20%, 30%, 35% vi 40% ddu cho hidu luc chdng mdi tdt.
Cic mau gd xii ly qua thvr nia trdi theo EN 84 cd
khi ning chdng mdi thip hon so vdi mau khdng qua thu nia trdi. Trong trudng hpp thu nia trdi kha ning chdng mdi trung binh dgt dupc b cic mau khdng dupc Iupc trade xu ly DMDHEU ndng dp 10%, 20% vi cic miu ludc truoc xij ly hoa chit ndng dd 10%, cdn cic miu xii ly thudc cic seri thuc nghidm khic cd khi ning chdng mdi toL Nhu viy, cd thd kdt lujn ring khi Uui riia trdi, mdt phin hda chat trong gd bi tan trong nuoc nhung khdng lam giam nhidu hieu luc chdng mdi Coptotermes formosamus. Trong trudng hpp khdng Iupc go, qui trinh xu ly dung dich DMDHEU vdi ndng dO 30%, 35%. 40% voi dS ting khdi lupng bing vi trdn 20,37% cho hieu lijc chdng mdi tdt khi di qua riia trdi. Khi gd dupc ludc qui trinh xir ly hda chit niy cr nong d0 20%, 30%, 35%, 40*
cho dd tang khdi lupng bing va tr«nl9,42X va hidu Ivrc chdng mdi tdt ca khi da qua thir riia trdi. Tdm lai qui trinh xu Ij DMDHEU vdi dp ting khdi lupng' WPG ti*n 19% se cho hidu liic chdng mdi C
£?rmosamust6t(Jaing7).
86
N 6 N G NGHllP VA PHAT T R I I N N 6 N G T H 6 N - KV 2 - THANG 6/20*l u i u a HOC CONG NGHE
^ Bang 7. Kdt qua x i c djnh k h i ning chdng mdi ciia gd Trim trane xu Iv DMnHFT I
TT
r i
2
'T\
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21Seri miu
SC KL10%
KL20%
KL30%
KL35%
KL40%
L10%
L20%
L30%
L35%
L40%
KL10%RT KL20%-RT KL3(»(rRT KL35%-RT KL40%-RT L10%-RT L2(K-RT L30%-RT L35%-Kr L40%-Kr
Giam ty Id phin tratr Cdvdt
mdi an (X,%) 0 25,93 50,62 62,96 100,00 100,00 38,27 50,62 75,31 100,00 100,00 13,58 38,27 50,62 100,00 100,00,
25,93 38,27 62,96 100,00 100,00
Cd vdt mdi an siu hon 1
mm (Y, %) 0 55,56 70,37 85,19 100,00 100,00 55,56 85,19 85,19 100,00 100,00 25,93 55,56 85,19 100,00 100,00 55,56 85,19 85,19 100,00 100,00
sd mau Cd vdt mdi an rpng hon 1 cm (Z, %)
0 81,48 100,00 100,00 100,00 L 100,00
81,48 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 81,48 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 81,48 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
Sd didm tuong ling vdi chi tidu X
3 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1
Y 3 2
Z 3
Tong diem
9 6 4 3 3 3 5 4 3 3 3 7 5 4 3 3 6 4 3 3 3
Xep loai vd hieu luc
kem trung binh
tdt tdt tdt tdt trung binh
tdt tdt tdt tdt trung binh trung binh
tdt tot tdt trung binh
tdt tdt tdt tdt Kha nang chdng mdi cua gd Trim tring bien
tinh bdi DMDHEU ting so voi gd Trim trdng khdng bi& tinh la do trong gd bien tinh da cd su thay ddi ve thanh p h ^ vi cau tnic ciia xenlulo trong gd, chat nay li thiic in can thidt cho sir tdn tai va phit tnen ciia mdi.
IH.KTUIjN
• • Qua trinh xu ly go Tram tring boi DMDHEU lam tang dp bdn sinh hpc cua gd, dac bidt la k h i nans chdng nim muc.
i* - Ty 16 didn tich bien mau do nim Aspergillus i^erY. Tieghem cua gd xu ly DMDHEU giam so
»S go khong xu ly. Theo tidu chuin ndi bd cua Vidn C4ng nghe va Sinh hpc gd, GptUngen, Diic, can cu theo ty Ig di^n tich bidn miu k h i ning chdng nam Wn mau cia gd xu 1^ dat cap 4, 3 va 2 phu thudc vio
»mg do va cdng doan xu ly trudc, trong khi go liSng xir ly p cip dd 5 (cap thap nhat). Tdn hao khdi
luong do loai nam nay cua gd xir ly giam so vdi gd khdng xii ly; can cii vao chi lieu nay theo tidu chuan nganh ciia Viet Nam, gd ludc trudc vi xu ly DMDHEU p ndng dd 30, 35, 40% cd kha nang chdng nim bidn mau Aspergillus niger'V. Tieghem tdt Gd xir ly DMDHEU cd k h i nang chdng loai nam nay cao hon gd khdng xu ly, nhung khdng ngan chan dupc hoan toin s u x i m nhip va phi hoai cua loai nam nay.
Kdt qua diuc nghiem cho thiy gd ludc trudc xir ly hda chit, sau dd lai ngam trong nudc dd loai bd phan hda chat chua phin ling cd kha nang chdng nam bien mau cao hon so vdi gd khdng ludc va khong ngim nudc sau xir ly: gd ludc xir ly hda chat d ndng dp 35%, 40% vi ngim nudc dd rira trdi hda chat cd dd bdn vdi nam bidn miu thudc cap 2 (gd khdng xir ly cd dp bdn vol nam bidn mau- cap 5, cap ftip nhat).
- Qua trinh xir ly hda chit DMDHEU lam ting ding ke dd ben vdi nam muc Pleurotus osb-eatiis.
Khi xir ly DMDHEU d ndng dp 10%40% vdi miu
NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 6/2012 87
KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHt
khdng Iupc v i m i u ludc trudc cho hidu q u i chdng loai nam niy tdt ndu can cir vio chi tidu dd giim tdn hao khdi lupng gd (thep tidu chuin cua Vidt Nam).
- Gd Trim tring khdng xir ly cd dd bdn chdng nim muc thudc c i p khdng bdn (cip 4). G6 ludc v i khdng ludc dupc xu ly bdi DMDHEU b ndng dd 20%, 30%, 35% vi 40% cd dd bdn vdi nim muc d?t ddn cip dd 2 - bdn (tdn hao khdi lupng b cic seri miu ddu nhd hpn 5%). Khi sir dung hda chit d- ndng dd 10% vdi miu luOc trudc cflng thu dupc gd cd dd bdn chdng nim muc d?t cip dd 2- bdn, chi miu khdng ludc xir \f hda chit b ndng dd 10% cd dd bdn vdi nim Pleurotiis
os&isaft/sthudc cip3- tuong ddi bdn.
Khi nang chdng mdi Coptotermes formosamus cua gd xir ly cao hon so vdi gd khdng xir If Xir ly hda chit DMDHEU ft ndng dd 10%
trong c i hai trudng hpp ludc trudc v i khdng ludc trudc chp hidu luc chdng mdi trung binh; xir ly hda chit niy ft cic ndng dd 20%, 30%, 35% v i 40% ddu cho hidu luc chdng mdi tdt, trong khi dd gd khdng xir ly cd k h i nang chdng mdi kdm.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
l.Ta Thi Phuong Hoa, 2011. Anh hudng cua xii
ly thiy nhi(t ddn thinh phin hda hpc, tinh chitcaljr chi ydu, khi ning thim dung dich hda chili DMDHEU cua gS Trim tiing. Tap chi Ndng nghidp v i Phit tridn ndng Ihdn sd 13/2011, tr. 78-83.
2. T? Thj Phuong Hoa, 2011. Nghidn ciu tinh on . djnh kich thudc cia gS Trim bing xi ly bai'' DMDHEU. Tiip chl Ndng nghidp v i Phit tridn ndng ' thdn sd 17/2011, tr. 91-98.
3. Nguydn Thj Bich Ngpc, 2006. Bao quan lam ri s ^ . N h i xuit bin Ndng nghidp. Ha NOi.
4. Fortin Yves and Poliquin, 1974. Natural' Durabihty and Preservation of one hundred tropical * African woods. Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
5. Hill Galium A. S., 2006. Wood modlBcation, t chemical, thermal and other processes. John Wiley '
& Sons, Ltd.
6. Pfeffer A., Dieste A., Mai C , Mibtz H., 2011.
Effect of water glass and DMDHEU tieatment on the colonisation of wood by Aureobasidium pullulans.
Eur. J. Wood Prod. 69. pp. 303-309. "
7. Verma P., Junga U, Mihtz H. and Mai C , 2009.
Protection mechanisms of DMDHEU heated wood, against white and brown rot fungi. Holzforschung.
Vol. 63, pp. 371-378.
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD
CANARlUMALBUMiaUR. RAEUSCH MODIFIED WTTH DMDHEU Ta Thi Phuong Hoa Summary
The research on biological properties of wood of Canarium album Lour. Raeusch modified with dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) of different concentrations 10. 20. 30, 35. 40%. Experiments implemented in following conditions: modified wood sample treated with hot water at 70*^0 and natural wood sample (control sample) were taken for testing for biological properties after leaching water process: The decay resistance exposed to blue rot fungus of Aspergillus nigerY. Tieghem is defined by weight loss and the percentage of the discolored wood sample. The decay resistance exposed to fungus of the mixture Pleurotus ostreatus Oacq. ex Fr.) Kumm. is determined by weight loss and the decrease of mass loss. The resistance to termite Coptotermes formosamus is defined by decrease of weight percentage gain (WPG) as compared with untreated wood samples. The WPG of damaged wood samples by termites is compared with control samples.
Keyword: Canarium album, biological properties, dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU).
Ngudi phin bidn: GS.TS. H i Chu Chu Ngiy nhin b i t 20/4/2012 Ngiy thdng qua p h i n bidn: 28/5/2012 Ngiy duydt ding: 04/6/2012
N 6 N G NGHIf P V A PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KV 2 - THANG 6/20IS
