THITRUONG
Can Cd Che dac Ihu de Ihu hut FDI
•
A ddng hdng song Cufu Long
• GIA BAG
Con nhi€u rao can
Thed Cue Ddu tif nUdc ngoai Bp Ke' hdach va Ddu tU tinh de'n nay, todn vung DBSCL cd 524 dif dn cdn hieu life, vdi tdng vd'n dang ky hdn 8,43 ti USD. Trong 5 nam gdn day, thu hut ddu tU vao viing DBSCL da cdi thien ddng ke'. Nam 2004, vd'n FDI vimg DBSCL chi chie'm 3.5% sd dU an cd nUdc (vdi 161 dif dn) va chiem 3.09% vd'n FDI so cd nUdc (khddng 1,31 ti USD). Cdn tinh vd sd lifdng du dn hien tai sd vdi nam 2004 da tang hdn 3 ldn.
Nhieu tinh dat ley vpng vao thu hilt vd'n FDI nhdm cai thien chat lifdng tang tnfdng kinh te' ciia dia phifdng vd tie'p can cdng nghd mdi. Tuy nhien. thifc te' cdc dif dn FDI ddu tu tai DBSCL da phdn cd quy md nhd, cdng nghe trung binh vd sif dung nhidu lao dpng phd thdng, nen xaec chuyen giao cdng nghe Id rat khd.
Tinh Ldng An Id dia phUdng dan ddu vd sd dif dn FDI (324 dU dn). TP. Cdn Thd xe'p \a tri thif 2 vdi 50 du an. ke' de'n Id tinh Tidn Giang (24 dif dn), Tra Vinh (23 du dn), Ben Tre (20 dU dn), Kien Giang (18 dil an)... Tuy nhien.
tie'n dp gidi ngan ngudn vd'n FDI cua viing rdt chdm va cung chi chie'm hdn 4% vd'n thifc hien sd vdi cd nUdc. NhU tai tinh Ben Tre. rieng 8 thdng n a m 2010 gidi ngan dat 41.1 trieu USD
3 0 1 THOONGMAlSo 11/2011
DBSCL dong gop 27% GDP ca nifdc, trong do khu vuc I (nong - lam nghiep) dong gop khoang 40% cua ca nifdc. Su chuyen djch manh me cua kinh te noi nganh viing d DBSCL the hien kha ro net trong 5 nam gan day.
(dat 270% ke hdach dd ra)...
nhUng cung chUa dat de'n 50%
tren tdng vd'n dang ky (tren 138,6 trieu USD). Ldng An ddn ddu vd vd'n FDI vung vdi hdn 3,5 ti USD. Kien Giang 2.79 ti USD;
TP. Cdn Thd tren 690 trieu USD... nhifng ty le giai ngan vd'n chUa tdi 50%...
TP. Cdn Thd la dd thi trung tam XTlng DBSCL, vdn FDI thifc hien mdi dat khodng 2 3 % tren tdng vd'n dang ky. Cdc dif dn FDI ddu tu vad Cdn Thd da phdn d khu cdng nghiep (KCN) tap trung vdi 22 dU dn. vd'n dang ky hdn 687.4 trleu USD, ddn duP'i thdng 8/2010, vd'n thilc hien mdi khddng 119,4 trieu USD va gidi quyet xdec lam cho 5.000 lad ddng. Thdnh phd cd mdt sd dil dn ldn nhU Dil an Nhd may Lpe ddu Cdn Thd (KCN O MPn) cP dien tich 250 ha. cPng suat 2 trieu tan ddu t h d / n a m . vd'n ddu tu 538 tridu USD dUdc cdp phep ddu tu vao thdng 5/2008. Day la dif dn lidn doanh giifa Cty cd phdn Ddu tU ThUdng mai Vien Ddng (gdp 30% vd'n didu Id) vdi Tap ddan SEMTECH Hoa Ky gop 70% vdn. ldn nhdt Cdn Thd Iiic dd. Sdng. dd Tap doan SEMTECH khdng thilc hien cam
ket rdt vd'n ddu tU. nen den thdng 11/2009, UBND TP. Cdn Thd chap thuan chd chu ddu tif (Cty Cd phdn Ddu tU ThUdng mai Vidn DPng) tim lidn ddanh khdc va giam didn tich dif dn xud'ng con 50 ha. vdn ddu tU cdn 350 trieu USD. Trdng budi ldm viec mdi day (thang 8/2010) vdi chii ddu tu Nha mdy Ipc ddu Cdn Thd, lanh dad thdnh phd yeu cdu chu ddu tU thifc hien dif dn diing cam ke't ddu tU va gia han de'n cudi t h a n g 9/2010, neu khdng trien khai se xem xet thu hdi du dn.
Thed cdc chuyen gla, hien nay, chid'n lUdc thu hut ddu tU vd du dn kdu gpi d cdc tinh, thanh vimg DBSCL gdn gidng nhU nhau. Dif an ddu tU quy md nhd.
cd nhifng dif dn vd'n dang ky ldn.
nhUng nhidu n a m khdng thilc hien. Thu hut vd'n FDI quan trpng Id gidi ngan ngudn vdn.
nhUng phdi la vd'n ciia nhd ddu tu nUdc ngddi bd ra, mdi tad ra sU dich chuyen thifc sil. Vdn FDI cdng ldn, nil ro cang cao, cd nhidu DN FDI keu 16 trong qua trinh hoat ddng, nhifng lai rdt it DN chiu gidi the. Neu ty trpng FDI cdng ldn trnng GDP se khien nen kinh te dd phu thudc
Hl$n nay nhieu giao djch thudng sCt dung bang USD vad DN nUdc ngodi, vi ldi n h u a n
l d m r a p h a n Idn t h u d c vd n h a d a u t u nUdc ngodi.
c i n cd c h e d^c t h u d e t h u hiit v o n FDI
N a m 2 0 0 3 , t h e o Cue Ddu tU n u d c ngodi, FDI vdo DBSCL chi cd 8 8 , 7 trieu USD vdi 2 8 dif dn.
C d n t r o n g 8 t h d n g ddu n a m . vung DBSCL thu h u t t h e m 51 dU d n FDI mdi, vdi t d n g vdn d a n g ky hdn 1,49 ti USD. Ddng thdi, 9 d u d n d a n g ky m d r p n g s d n x u a t , t a n g v d n h d n 17,2 trieu USD. Tinh c h u n g 8 t h a n g , t d n g vdn FDI vao DBSCL d a t t r d n 1,51 ti USD. R i e n g t h d n g 8 - 2 0 1 0 , t i n h Cd Mau thu h u t 1 dif d n FDI mdi vdi vd'n d a n g ky 7 7 3 trieu USD ciia Hoa Ky ddu tU DU a n d u d n g d n g d d n khi Ld B - O Mdn. T r o n g s d 13 t i n h . t h a n h . virng. cd 3 dia phUdng g d m : Ddng T h d p , H a u G i a n g vd B a c Lieu k h d n g thu hiit t h e m dif a n FDI mdi.
Ong Le Vidt Thdi, TrUdng b a n The che' k i n h td' Vien Nghien cifu qudn Iy k i n h te' T r u n g Udng, ndi:
"Cd sd Itg tdng. clidi liidng lao ddng. elicit liidng elicit vu hd trd...
Id nhdng liic cdn ldn trong thu hiit ddu tu Clia viing DBSCL. Chinh phd dd ban hdnh nhiiu cd che, chinh sdch phdt trien viing, nhdng Igi thieu ddng bd, thieu ngudn de thdc hien vd nhiCng cd che. chinh sdch ndy vdn ndm tren gidy. Cdi thien chdt Iddng thu hid ddu td vdo DBSCL cdn thiic hien ddng bd vd phdi thay dot cdch nhin vd viing. xdc dinh cho diing vai trd, vi tri cua vdng trong sii phdt trien chang cda cd nddc".
Thed d n g Thdi, c d n ldm rd vai trd d d m bdd a n n i n h lUdng thifc Clia vimg va de cdc dia phUdng c h p n lifa sif p h d t trien, viing dat, con ngudi se quye't d i n h l a m gi t r e n m a n h d d t c u a m i n h . D a m bdd a n n i n h lUdng thilc qudc gia, p h a i cd c h i n h s d c h d a c b i e t chd ngudi t r d n g liia, d d m b d o ddi s d n g cho nhifng ngUdi giif vai trd ndy. Tdi d a y , k h i h a t d n g giad t h d n g viing lidn t h d n g , dUdng bd vd d u d n g thiiy dUpc ddu tU d d n g bd s e cdi t h i e n d d n g ke vide thu h u t ddu t u vdd viing DBSCL. Do vay, viec x a y difng c h i n h s d c h thu hilt vdn ddu tU vao vung phdi d d m bdo t i n h b d n vifng va c h a t
I THITRUflfNG
lifdng ciia qua t r i n h p h a t t r i e n . v a n h d n h t h e o cd c h e thi trUdng, d a m bdd q u y e n tif quye't eiia cdc n h a ddu tU.
Tie'n si J a v i e r Re\1IIa Diez (Tnidng Dai h p c H a n n o v e r . CHLB. Difc), m d t c h u y e n gia cd n h i d u c d n g t r i n h n g h i e n cifu vd sif p h a t trie'n ciia n d n k i n h td' Viet Nam, cho rdng: "Phdt t r i e n k i n h te' vimg Id l a m the' n a d dd sif d u n g hieu qua h d n cdc ngudn lUc s d n cd c u a v u n g dd. Ddng thdi p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' phdi song h a n h vdi p h a t t r i e n xa hdi. Cd n h u vay. t r d n g qua t r i n h t a n g t n f d n g k i n h td' thi t a t ca cdc t d n g Idp n h a n d a n t r o n g viing d e u dUdc hUdng Idi. Viet Nam d a n g difng t n i d c trd ngai vd p h d t t r i e n v u n g . dd n g u d n life tdi c h i n h cho sif p h a t t r i e n n d y n g a y c a n g eo h e p , n e n chUa t h e p h d t tridn d d n g bd". Theo Tien si Diez, nhifng dd thi t a p trung b a d gid cung chid'm Uu t h e hdn t r o n g vide m d i gdi ddu tU. Cdc DN ddu t u vdd vimg Id Idi n h u d n , chif k h d n g p h d i n h a n cdng gid re, h a y c h i n h s d c h Uu ddi ddu tu. Cdi m a DN q u a n t a m h d n g ddu Id c h a t lifdng cupc sd'ng, cd sd" h a t d n g vien t h d n g , c h a t lUdng cdc trUdng dai h p c trdng vimg; cdn t r i n h dp lao ddng, cdc c h i n h s d c h hd trd, Uu dai ddu tU dUdc x e p vi tri sau cung. DN biet r a t rd t i d m n a n g , h a n c h e c u a tifng vimg khi quyd't d i n h ddu tU, bdi hp cd dpi ngu c h u y e n n g h i e p de thu t h a p nhifng tin tifc lien q u a n d d n v a n dd ndy.
Thed cdc c h u y e n gia, thu h u t vd'n FDI t r o n g cdc ldi ich vd vd'n, lad d d n g , c d n g nghd, ngdai te, q u d n ly... c d n d a t tieu ^^^^
chi cdng nghd ldn h a n g
THOONGMAlSo 11/2011 1 3 1
THITRUdNG
/linao/iiAan/u$ dS/ia/kdo/'
^ ^ VA NHLJNG HE LUY
• TS. NGUYEN MINH PHONG
T
rdng kinh te thi tnidng vd ddi sd'ng xa hdi hien dai ludn cd nhidu ngd nhan cd vd n h a n thifc, ciing nhU hdnh ddng hen quan de'n cd qudn ly nhd nUdc, ciing nhU trdng h a n h xif hang ngay cua mdi cdng ddng, tap the', cd quan, DN. gia dinh, vd cd nhan...Trong qudn ly va ifng xif vdi ngdai te - dac biet trdng bd'i cdnh gia tang nan "dd la hda" nhU thdi gian gdn day - cung khdng ndm ngddi trang thdi dd vd it nhdt cd 4 dang ngd nhan dien hinh cdn lifu y sail day:
Thuf nhat, danh rdn d duoi, bien he luy thanh nguyen nhan cua nan do la hoa
Tnidc he't, cdn thay rdng "dd la hda" Id he qua tif nhien va tdt ye'u ciia hdi tu cdc n h a n td. md tnidc hdt Id sif mat gia nhanh chdng Clia ddng npi td, gidm sut
ldng tin vdd chinh sdch tidn te ndi rieng va nang life qudn ly nhd nUdc ndi chung dd'i vdi ddi sd'ng kinh td' - xa hpi dat nUdc; sif mat ean ddi nghiem trpng cua eung - cdu ngoai te nhU la he qud ciia sif khan hid'm ngudn cung ngdai te chinh thdc va mat trdi cua chinh sdch ty gid khid'n Idm tang ddng cd gam giU vd ky vpng tang ty gia; ngodi ra, tam ly nay con bi thuc day bdi nhifng hoat ddng ddu cd true ldi dUa tren chdnh lech gid chinh thifc vd tif dd, gid trong nUdc vdi gid nUdc ngddi vd chdt lifdng dich vu ciia he thd'ng ngan hang trong cung ifng ngudn ngoai te, vang cho nhufng nhu cdu chinh ddng va hdp phdp ciia DN, td chifc vd ngUdi dan...
Trong bdi cdnh dd. vlec dinh gid, giad dich vd cd thanh tddn bdng dd la hay vang, dd chinh thdc hay khdng chinh thifc, se trd nen md rpng nhU mdt sU thay the' thuan ldi, an todn cho cdc giao dich bdng ddng npi te da bi
C§^ ddu de nen kinh te' tang trUdng ben viing hdn. Bdi nha ddu tu difa vdo nhd mdy hien dai. nhUng chi suf dung lao ddng phd thdng. xu hifdng chuyen giao cdng nghe ngay cdng it (dd DN 100% vdn nUdc ngndi tang) se khdng cai thien difpc chat lifdng tang tnidng nhU muc tieu dd ra trong thu hiit vd'n FDI. Mat khdc,
3 2 1 THOONGMAlSo 11/2011
cac dia phUdng cdn lien ke't vimg de phdt trien vd difa vao ldi the' cua tifng tieu vung md mdi gpi ddu tu. Day la van dd quye't dinh trong thu hut ddu tU, co nhU vay mdi chat Ipc dil dn. dam bao an todn moi tnfdng vd sinh ke' cua ngudi dan nhdm muc tidu phdt trien kinh td' - xd hdi vung DBSCL then hUdng ben vifng •
giam Slit nghiem trpng dp tin nhiem. Hdn nifa, khi dP, cd ngifdi dan vd DN cung se Ua chudng viec ndm giif trdng ket sdt hay tai khddn rieng cdc ngdai te hdac vdng nhu la phdn ifng tif nhidn, gidi phap tinh the' de bdd tdn cdc gid tri tdi chinh chinh dang ciia minh, ca vdi tU cdch eat giif, ciing nhif phdng khi cd vlec cdn dung do la trong kinh doanh hoac viec rieng.
Tuy nhien, khi nhifng nguyen nhdn nay bi che md, ddnh gid thdp, hoac vi ly do ndo dd khdng dupc tinh de'n, se dd ndy sinh sif ngp n h a n cdi ban than viec ndm giif dd la dd nhU la nguyen nhan duy nhat vd tnfc tid'p cdn xif ly, md khdng tap trung thdd gd tan gd'c nhifng nguydn nhan dich thifc neu tren. Ttf dd sd nay sinh cac cUc doan chinh sach hdnh chinh khdc nhau vdi cdc he qua bie'n dang khd dd lUdng vd he qud cua chung.
Hdn nifa, cdn khang dinh rdng, trdng bd'i cdnh tddn cdu va hpi nhap qudc te, xu hUdng tang ddn tinh chat chuyen ddi tif do ndi td dang ngdy edng gia tang, cung vdi xu hUdng ifa chudng tich trif vang ca d cdc nUdc va ngan hdng TW tren tddn the gidi.
Thiif hai, qua ky vong vao siifc manh cua bien phap hanh chinh, duy y chi
Kinh nghiem cua thdi ky chUa