DINH CHE vA SV* DQC (TRl/OnVG Hgfp TIEP NHAN TAC PHAM
CANH BONG BAT TAN)
HOANG PHONG TUAN^''
1. Hi^n tugng tidp nhgn tdc pham Cdnh dong bdt ton cua Nguydn Nggc Tu Id mgt trong nhimg sy ki?n van hgc dang chii f trong 10 nam trd lgi ddy.
C6 thd thay hiem cd t ^ pham van hgc duong dgi ndo d Vi^t Nam nhan dugc sy quan tam vd nhiing phdn hdi da dgng tu nhidu tdng ldp ngudi dgc nhu vgy. Diem dang chti y cua hifn tugng ndy Id nhiing kdt qua "y nghla khac nhau thd hidn nhiing each thiic If giai vd ddnh gid, xuat phat tii cdc chien luge dgc khac nhau, nhung tuang tdc vd va cham vdi nhau: chidn luge dpc ciia ngudi dgc thugc ve dinh chd quan U van hda, chien luge dgc cua ngudi dgc thudc vd dinh che khoa hgc vd chidn luge dgc eua ngudi dgc dgi ehung (popular reader). Vi thd hidn tugng ndy Id mgt trudng hgp cd thi giup nhgn di?n cdch thiic nhung chidn luge dgc van hdnh trong cdc sy dgc cy the, von khdng dan thuan ehi lidn quan din pham vi kinh nghidm va quy udc vdn hgc, md md rgng ddn phgm vi cua thyc tidn qudn If xa hdi. Phdn tfch hi$n tugng ndy, bdi vilt lam rd sy va chgm, tuong tdc lan nhau trong nhiing sy dgc giiia ede dinh chl vd ngodi cac dinh chl. Trdn co sd dd, bdi viet md rpng y ni?m ciia Tony Bennett vl sy vgn hdnh "tii bdn tiung" cua cdc didn ngdn vd lien vdn bdn eua cdc dinh chd xa hgi chi phdi chu thd dgc.
2. Theo Tony Bennett, ngu cdnh xa hdi chi phdi vide dgc bang tap hgp cdc quy dinh diln ngdn vd Udn vdn ban, sinh ra vd vdn hdnh trong phgm vi nhiing didu ki?n vat chit vd dinh chd xa hgi. Nhiing quy dinh didn ngdn ndy kidn tao tidn tiinh dgc "tir ben trong", thdng qua vide kidn tao vai trd ngudi dgc nhu Id chii thi, vd van ban nhu la ddi tugng dugc dgc''\
"' TS - Khoa Ngii vin, Trudng Dai hpc Su phgm Tp. Hd Chf Minh.
0^h chi va sir dpc...
Trong b ^ vidt, chdng tdi khai trien y ni?m cua Bennett d khfa canh tdc ddng cua dinh chd ddi vdi sy dgc the hien qua vide nd cdu tao y thiic cua chii thd vd vi trf cua ntfinh trong vi$c sii dung ehiln luge dgc, vd vi thi, la didu kidn eho viec kidn tao chii the dgc. Lap lugn eiia chting tdi Id, sy quan If xa hdi bang djnh chd cd hidu lyc ddi vdi f thdc cua chii thi vd hdnh vi cua minh trong ddi sdng thyc, vd ed tac dgng ddn vide su dung chiln luge dgc, khdng phdi trong sy anh hudng cua cac quy udc vd quan ni^m van hgc, ma chu ydu Id trong sy y thuc vd vi tri ciia minh trong ede quan h? dinh chd. Chii thi nhdn thiic minh d vi trf ndo trong cac quan he dinh chd, thi se su dung nhtmg chidn luge If giai trong sy tuong tac vdi quy dinh diln ngdn eiia ede quan he dinh ehe ma chu thd thudc vd, hoac y thiic minh ndm ngoai nd. Lap luan ndy se duge ehiing tdi su dyng dd soi chidu - vd qua do de ty cung cd - vao cdc phat bidu Men than eho cac chien luge If gidi tde phdm Cdnh ddng bdt ton, den tir cac nhdm ngudi dgc thuge ve cac dinb chd qudn If vdn hda, hdi n ^ d nghiep, nghidn cuu khoa hgc vd ngudi dgc dgi ehiing - nhdm ngudi dgc dugc hieu nhu la nam ngoai cac dinh chd ndy.
Trgng didm cua hidn tugng tidp nhan Cdnh ddng bdt tgn la khi cd sy xuat hien van ban Bao cao sd 35 cua Ban Tuydn giao Tinh uy Cd Mau, vdi nhiing y kien danh gid xoay quanh eac khfa cgnh edi xau, hidn thyc, tfnh tu tudng va sy dinh hudng cua tdc pham, tu dd dd nghi "kidm didm" nha vdn.
Nhiing khia canh ti:dn trong van ban nay ngay sau dd gay ra nhieu y kidn phan hdi khac nhau. Diem diu tien dang chu y d hien tugng nay Id vai trd vd sy tac dgng cua dinh chd truydn thdng, bdo chf, cy thd Id ede trang bdo mgng, bdng Id thuat phdng vdn vd kl thugt trinh bdy, ldm hidn ra chien luge dgc ciia dinh chd quan If vdn hda, ddng thdi cho thay sy chuyen bien va dan xen nhat dinh trong chidn luge dgc cua cae dinh che qudn K vdn hda khdc. Didu ndy trudc hdt thd hidn trong bai phdng van cua phdng vidn Tran Diic, bao Tudi tre Online, ddi vdi dng Duong Viet Thdng vd Trdn Van Hien, trudng vd phd Ban Tuydn gido Tinh uy Cd Mau, ddng ngdy 08/04/2006.
Vai trd cua dinh ehd quan If van hda, md d day Id cdc td chuc Ban Tuydn giao ndi ehung vd Ban Tuyen gido Tinh uy Cd Mau ndi ridng, la bdm sat thyc tiln vdn hda nghd thudt, tham muu cho cdc cap qudn K, tuydn truydn, dinh hudng cdc van de tu tudng, chfnh tri cho xa h$i. Vai trd nay quy dinh chidn luge dgc cua cdc thdnh vien cua dinh che, trong dd cd dng Duong Viet Thing, thd hifn trong quan diem cua dng vl tdc phdm: cau tra Idi ciia
NGHIEN C&U VAN HQC SO 9 - 2016 dng cho cdu hdi phdng van gan nhu tuong ddng vdi nhiing nhdn xet bdo cao sd 35, qua do thi hi?n chidn luge dgc xem trgng vai trd "dinh hudng" xa hdi cua tdc phim, ddi hdi mdt "ti Id nhu thd ndo do", hidu theo nghTa Id mgt ti Id hgp If, ddi vdi vide bidu hi?n cai xau, va qua dd, la vi?c ndi vd sy that.
Dilm dang chd y la d chd, khi duge hdi ve vide "cd bao nhieu phan tram sy thgt" trong tac pham Cdnh dong bdt tgn, hieu theo nghia la ti 1? tiiyc tl cua tdc pham, nham ngam so sdnh vdi ti Id hgp If phdi cd, thi dng Thdng Igi cd mdt cdu tra tdi mau thuan vdi quan diem eua chfnh minh d lidn, rang
"khdng thd can do gia tri cua tac pham". Mdu thudn ndy lam hidn ra khia eanh thii hai trong sy thd hidn vai trd chu thd dgc: dng vira mudn la ngudi dgc binh thudng ngodi dinh chd, dirng vd phfa nha van, vua mudn thyc hidn vai trd eua minh trong dinh che. Dd ciing la If do khi dugc phdng vien hdi quan didm ve thai dg du lugn cua nhdm dgc gia phe phdn tdc phdm ndy, trong cau tra Idi, dng thudng lap lai ede cym tir "khdng cho la nhu vay",
"khdng the ddnh gid nhu vay"... dd cho thdy rang sy phd phan do la bit cap.
Hai khfa cgnh ndy cho thay mdt didm sau hon, la chmh dng eung cam thdy duge sy bat cgp nao dd ciia cac chien luge If gidi sir dyng trong bdo cdo so 35, nhung vai trd chu the vdi tu each Id ngudi dgc trong dinh chd quan If van hda da kidn tao su dgc eua dng vd tdc pham dua trdn chien luge li gidi dy.
Diem dang chii y thii hai la su ty the hien vi di trong dinh chd ciia dng Thang duge hd trg va kien tgo bdi chien luge ddc thu cua dinh che tiuyen tirtdng bdo chf. Vai tro chinh eiia Ouydn thdng bdo chi Id thdng tm cho ngudi dgc cac sy kidn vd van dd ed ti!nh thdi sy, nhung nd ciing ngam an mdt gdc nMn, mgt quan niem ddi vdi cac sy kien va van de ay. Cy thd la trong trudng hgp ndy, bdi phdng vdn cho thay quan niem vd van hgc vd vd sy dgc, bieu Men qua each thiic tra van cd tfnh chit ggi md vd sy dgc ciia dinh che quan li.
Trong bai phdng vdn ndy, phdng vidn Tran Diic da su dung nhiing logi cau hdi khdc nhau mdt each Mdu qud de lam Men ra do gidng co trong the Men cMen luge dgc ciia dng Thang. Bai phdng van khdi dau bang cdc cdu hdi dan dat dng Thang di vao tidn trinh sy kidn; rdi bat ngd chuyin hudng bdng hdng loat nhiing cau hdi dd dng Thing bgc Id quan didm tii gidn tidp sang tryc tiep, rdi lai vd gidn tilp ("Ong danh gia ra sao vl ngi dung y kiln ciia dgc gia?",
"Cu thi han, dng thiy thd ndo?", "Ong ed thd neu ra vdi didn hinh", "Ong ddnh gid mire dp phan ling gida Cdnh ddng bdt tgn lan ndy so vdi CM lao tram nhdng ndm diu ddi mdi thi nao, thua dng"); nhiing cdu hdi vl quan dilm
Djnh chiva s^dgc...
dugc dan xen vdi cdu hdi sy ki^n ("Thyc td Nguyin Nggc Tu da hi kilm dilm chua vd kilm dilm din miic ndo thua dng") nhim trdnh gdy chd y; vd cuoi cimg, bat ngd chot lai bang hai cdu hdi vd quan ni$m vdn hgc ("Trd lai vdi Cdnh dong bdt tgn, thua dng Thing, dng cd ngM Cdnh ddng bdt tgn ndi cdi xau la cd hgi khdng? Vdn hgc nghp thugt dugc quydn hu cau khdng, thua dng?", "Vgy dng cd the cho biet cd bao nMdu phan trdm Id sy thgt trong Cdnh ddng bdt tdnl Ong danh gid sao vd nhd vdn ndy!"). Hd thdng edu hdi dan xen phiic tgp va chuydn hudng bit ngd ndy xoay sau vdo hai khfa cgnh: quan dilm ciia dng Thdng vd thdi do ciia du Man "dgc gia" va quan diem ciia dng ve tac pham. C) hai cau hdi cudi, trong hinh thiie cua cdu hdi ddng (ndi cdi xau Id cd hgi khdng, van hgc ngh? thuat duge quyln hu ciu khdng; bao nMdu phin trdm sy that trong Cdnh dong bdt tgn), cMdn luge phdng vin cho thiy phdng vidn tidn gia dinh kha ndng trd Idi cua ngudi dugc phdng van se dgt hg dung ve phia ndo trong cMdn luge dgc: trong hay ngodi dinh che quan If. Vi the Mnh thuc cdu hdi ddng se lam phai bdy su kien tao chii the dgc cua ban than hg trong quan he vdi dinh che: hg huge phai lya chgn, hoac khdng the lya chgn cung la bieu M$n cua sy lya chgn. Dieu nay cho thay ngudi phdng van than Meu dgc diem cua sy dgc trong dinh che quan If, vd do chenh giiia sy dgc ay vd sy dgc phd bidn cua xa hgi. Sau ban, nd cho thay sy khac biet va sy va cham gida quan ni?m vd van hgc vd sy dgc ciia truyen thdng vdi quan mem vd cMdn luge dgc cua dinh chd quan If van hda.
Ciing thudc ve dinh che qudn If van hda, nhung vdi tinh chdt la hdi nghe nghidp, ed lidn ddi true tidp vdi cdc thanh vidn d miic do nhat dinh, nhd tho Hiiu Thinh su dyng mdt chien luge K gidi tuy khdng ra khdi phgm vi dinh chl, nhung tuirag ddi cdi md, dong thdi rd rdng hon trong vi?c the Men vai trd ddng vd phfa nha van, gan gui vdi quan didm cua ngudi dgc dai chiing.
Didu dang chu y d ddy Id dd tgo ndn gia tri hidu lyc, dng sir dyng mdt cMdn luge li giai gin gyi vdi quan niem van hda dan gian, vdi ngudi dgc binh dan dl ddi lap vdi edch If giai eua Ban Tuydn gido Tinh uy Ca Mau. Trong hai phdt bilu (vdi bdo Ndng thdn ngdy nay 11/04/2006 vd bao Tuoi tre 12/04/2006), dng ddu li gidi tdc phim d md hinh "dc gia dc bdo", hay la "liy odn bao odn" (bao Ndng thon ngdy nay), hay cy thd hon, "Sy tan vd cua gia dinh be nhd trong tae pham nay Id tat ydu sau sai lam cua ngudi me vd sy md dim vdo vide tra thii cua ngudi cha" (bao Tuoi tre). Co sd cho sy lya chgn chiln luge ndy cd thd tim thay trong lap lugn ciia one vd vai trd ciia "ngudi
NGHIENCCrU VANHQC S6 9-2016 dgc ddng ddo", "hdng nghin ddc gia", "ban dgc mgi ting ldp"... O day, ta thiy trong ldp Iu|n cua minh, dng ludn dya vdo thdi dg ehung cua da so ngudi dgc, tir binh dan den hdn lam, de eung cd cMdn luge If giai eua minh.
Chidn luge ndy cho phep dng ddi thogi vdi nhiing nhan xdt ve cai xau, vd sir that vd hu cau ciia tdc pham trong van ban Bdo cao 35.
Didu ndi bat trong nhiing phan tfch tren Id chung din cho thay vai trd va vi the eua ngudi dgc ngodi dinh chd, hay ngudi dgc dgi chdng '. Vi tat ea nhiing tgp hgp diln ngdn vd lap Man trong nhiing vf dy phan tfch ve sy dpc trong dinh chl ndu trdn ddu tim didm tya hogc Hen he vdi nhiing ydu td hay hinh anh thude vd ngudi dgc dgi chung. Ngudi doe dgi chiing theo 1?^ ludn cua chiing tdi, kd thiia g ^ y ciia Tony Bermett, la ngudi dgc md f thiic vd chii the dgc ciia hg khdng bi cM phdi vd kidn tao bdi tap hgp didn ngdn vd quy djnh eua dinh chd nao cd. Didu ndy khdng cd nghTa la hg khdng su dyng hay khong chiu anh hudng ciia cMen luge K giai hay quan m^m v ^ hge tu dinh ehd ndo do, ma ed ngMa Id sy su dung hay sy dnh hudng ay khdng nhdm myc dfch thyc Men vai trd ndo vdi tu edch Id thdnh vidn dinh che. Dieu ndy ciing cd nghTa rdng ngudi dgc dgi chung, nhu Michel de Certeau quan mem, khdng nam trong mgt tap the cdng ddng nao ca, md hg chi su dyng, ndu cd, cdc chien luge eua egng ddng dd cMdm dyng hay tdi cMdm dyng chit lieu ciia tac phdm cho nhu cau vd trai ngMem cua ridng hg md thdi''*. d day, vd trong Men tugng tiep nhgn ndy, ngudi dgc dgi chung dugc xdt nhu Id ngudi can tao hdnh vi dpc cua hg trong sy y thuc ve vi the ngodi dinh ehe eiia hg.
Didm chung de thdy nhdt trong nhirng bidu hien eua ngudi dgc dgi chiiag Id mac du van cdn mdt sd lugng ft nhiing ^ kidn phan ddi, nhung hdu hdt deu bdy td thai do diing vd pMa tac gia va ddng cam vdi ndi dung tdc phim* . Didm ndi bgt dang chu y Id ngudi dgc dgi chung cimg chiu anh hudng quan mdm van hgc gan gui vdi quan m?m van hgc cua dinh chd qudn If van hda, ma be sdu cd lien he sau xa vdi dinh chl gido dye, vdn tMdt Igp quan mem vdn hgc trdn ca sd phdn anh lugn eiia Lenin, phd bidn trong he thdng didn ngdn cua cdc gido trinh If Man vd cdc tdi ligu phd binh vdn hgc trong cdc nha dudng dgi hgc d Viet Nam. Cu thd d ddy Id quan niem vl mdi quan he gida van hpc vd M9n thyc, vdn hgc phan dnh vd ndi ldn tidng ndi M?n thyc, dde bidt Id su Udn h? giua van hgc va M$n thyc xa hdi duong thdi. Tuy vay, quan mem vdn hgc nay lgi duge ngudi dgc dai chung sii dyng eho cMen luge dgc ciia rieng hg, khac bi$t vdi cMin luge dgc cua dinh chd qudn If van hda.
Djnh che va sudgc...
Phan hdi cua Cao Minh Phuong (bao Tudi Tre, ngdy 09/04/2006) Id trudng hgp tidu bidu eho edch thdc phdn hdi cua ngudi dpc dai chiing md Michel de Certeau va Henry Jenkins khdi qudt, do la hinh thdc dgc nhu hdnh ddng "san trgm" (poaching), ngudi dgc tu hidn thyc ddi sdng cua minh tham nhap vao vdn bdn vd tuydn Idy m0t ydu td ndo dd thfch hgp hay lam thda man sy quan tdm vd kinh nghidm eua ridng hg trong hidn thyc ddi sdng*^*. Bdng sy lien he vdi hifn thue duong thdi, Cao Minh Phuong khdng phu nhgn hay khang dinh khfa egnh xau, tdt cua tae pham, ma cho rang gidi tre ngdy nay du siic phan bipt cai xau vd cdi tdt, va nhgn didn nhiing edi xdu dang phd bidn eua hidn thyc xa hgi duong thdi. Bat ngd, anh lien hp den vy an tham nhung cua Bui Tidn Dung vd cho rang
"dng (Duong Viet Thang) nen tgp trung ddu tranh vdi nhung cdi xau trong thyc td dang lam bang hogi xa hgi". Tien gia dinh cho ydu cdu thogt nhin Id pM If nay cua ngudi dgc la quan diem ve su giai quydt cdi xdu trong thuc te thi hien thyc va cd y nghia han la phe phan cdi xdu trong van hoc. Tidm an sau xa hon trong ydu can nay la mgt quan niem vd danh gia vl hanh vi "kidm diem" cua bao cao sd 35. Trong cam nhgn cua ngudi dgc, hanh vi kidm didm, thyc chat la mdt hdnh vi xir If vi pham, dung If ra phdi Id. hanh vi thyc Men ddi vai cdi xdu, chii khdng phdi hdnh vi thyc Men ddi vai syt sdng tgo van hoc ve cdi xdu. Va hdnh vi xd If vi pham ddi vdi cdi xiu mdi la didu ma ngudi dgc, vdi tu cdch la mdt edng ddn, mong mdi ddi vdi vai trd cua dinh chd. Dogn phan hdi nay cho thdy mdt cam nhgn vl dinh chl khdng chi d chd quan niem dgc hay chien luge dgc cua nd, ma d ehd If do tdn tai eua nd. 6 ddy, vi the ngodi dinh ehd dd cho phdp ngudi dgc dai ehung, bing cam nhan ciia minh, nhin ve hdnh vi cua ngudi dgc trong dinh chl d mgt gdc dg khdc bidt, gdc do trong quan hp vdi cai nMn vd tdng thd vd vai trd cua dinh chl xd hdi.
Khac vdi eac trudng hgp ndu tren, nhihig sy dgc trong pham vi dinh^ehd khoa hgc khdng liy y kiln hay Mnh anh dgi da sd cdng chung Idm didm tya hode sy lidn hp. 6 ddy, sy dgc trong dinh chl khoa hgc dl nghi gat di nhdng kMa cgnh "phi van chuong"'^', vd bilu Men sy dgc tren co sd cac quy dinh diln ngdn khoa hge, nghla Id, lay cac quan niem va quy udc van hgc ldm dilm tya cho cMin luge If giai. Tuy nMen d ddy, ta se thiy dugc mdt sy gidng CO nhit dinh trong sy y thuc vl vi tn ciia chu thd trong quan he dinh chd, bilu Men qua vipc, chit thd dgc ty dgt minh trong vi tri cua quan he dinh
NGHIEN CO-U VAN HQC SO 9 - 2016
chd ngodi khoa hgc, vd qua do sii dyng ede quan niem va quy udc van hpc cho vide ty bidu hipn vai trd chd thd cua minh.
Sy dgc eua mgt bai vidt sau tidu bidu eho sy gidng eo nhu vay. Trong bdi "Bdi hgc van chuong tir Cdnh ddng bdt tgn" d phgm vi khudn khd trao ddi y kiln, ngudi vidt bidu hipn sy dgc qua phin phdn tfch bidu tugng
"cdnh ddng" trong tdc pham Cdnh ddng bdt tgn. Bai viet tridn khai lap lugn bing cdch khdi luge y nghia cua cdc hinh anh cdnh ddng trong cac tdc phdm vdn hgc khdc de cho thay ring "Cdnh ddng trong tac pham cua Nguyin Nggc Tu khdng phai la eanh ddng mp, noi luu trii tdm thuc cpng ddng, nai luu truydn tinh than ydu nude, la bang ehung vd sy ed kdt mau thit giua con ngudi va dit dai md Id cdnh ddng ehdt"'^\ Tir sy khdc bidt nhu vgy, bai vilt kit Man rdng tac gid "bdi rdi", "thidu binh tlnh", "non ndt",
"ehua du bdn ITnh nghd thugt". Cac cum td ddnh cho kdt Man ve tae gia nhu trdn cd thd thay Id xoay chung quanh mgt cMen luge U gidi ed trude, thd hipn trong nhan de bai vilt: dua ra mdt "bdi hge" cho nha van vd nhd phe binh. 6 ddy quan mdm vd quy udc vdn hgc vd bidu tugng da duge xoay chuydn dd thyc Mpn mdt chidn luge U giai nhdm den mgt hdnh vi tac ddng thuc tien, vdn ed chung md Mnh vdi cMdn luge If giai eua dinh ehd quan If vdn hda. Cd thd thiy, tuy trong pham vi dinh chd khoa hgc, nhung cMen luge dgc cua bdi vidt ndy cho thay sy y thiic vd minh vdi tu cdch ehu tiie dgc ciia ngudi dgc ngMeng vd pMa dinh che qudn If van hda, khdc vdi sy y thiic ehu the eua dng Duang Viet Thdng, trudng Ban Tuydn gido Tinh iiy Cd Mau, nhu da phdn tich.
3. Lgp Ingn vd phan tfch nhu tren cua chung tdi ggi nen y mdm vd sic sir dung cdc quan m^m va quy udc vdn hgc cho cdc cMdn luge dgc. Lidn hp vdi quan mpm ciia Wittgenstein vl vide su dung ngdn ngir tuan theo cac quy tac cua trd chai ngdn ngu'^', trdn co sd thyc tidn Men tugng tidp nhgn neu tren, ehung tdi ndu ldn vin dl vl each thtic ma "chan h-di chd dgi" (hay "tim ddn dgi"), Mdu theo nghTa eiia Hans Robert Jauss, gdm kinh ngMem vd the loai, ve dd tdi vd vd ngdn ngii nghd thugt, van hdnh trong qud trinh doe* *. Mpt ehan trdi ehd dgi ndo do cd sdn trong kinh ngMem eua ngudi dgc tM khdng cd nghTa ring nd dugc su dyng mgt cdch don thuan vd true tiep cho cMdn luge dgc; md, nhu ehung tdi da phan tfch, nd cd the dugc sd dimg theo cdch thiic dugc lya chgn cho cdc cMdn luge dgc nham thyc Men vai trd vd vi tii trong hay ngodi dinh chd md chu thd ty y thdc.
Phan tfch tren ciing cho thiy rdng, cdc dinh chd xa hdi, md Men tiian cua chiing Id. tap hgp cac quy dinh diln ngdn va lien van ban, tac dgng tryc tilp vd ndi tai den sy dgc theo edch thdc rit ddc thil: thdng qua sy ty y thiic cua chu thd vd vi trf ciia minh trong hogt ddng thyc tidn. Ddy cMnh Id didu kidn cho sy cM phdi "td bdn trong" ddi vdi sy dgc cda cac quy dinh didn ngdn vd Udn vdn ban, sinh ra va hd trg bdi dinh chl xd hdi, nhu Tony Bennet quan niem. Nd ciing eho thay rang, sy tidp nhan vd phd binh vdn hgc, vdn thudng xuyen ndm trong do cang, khdng cM giua chan trdi cua vdn bdn vd ehan trdi ehd dgi ciia ngudi dgc, hay sy chi din ciia vdn ban vd sy cu thd hda eua ngudi dgc, nhu Jauss vd Iser quan mem, ma cdn trong sy gidng co giua cMdu thyc tidn ddi sdng va cMdu quy udc vd quan mem van hgc. Chti thi tidp nhgn khdng don thuan ed the ddi didn vdi vdn bdn van hgc trong mgt mdi quan he tiep nhan thudng thdc thuan tuy, md cdn trong cdc mdi quan he khdc, dinh hinh chu the trong ddi sdng cua Men thyc xa hdiQ
03/10/2015
(1) Tony Bennett: 'Texts m History: The Detaminations of Readings and Iheir Texts", trong sach Reception Studies: From Literary Theory to Cultural Studies, Roudedge, 2001, U.67.
(2) C i c tic gia bong sach Cong chiing giao hm va qudng bd van hoc thai Id ^i mdi (1986- 2010), Nxb. KHXH, H., 2014, cMa cdng chung tiq) nhan tac phim Cdnh dong bat tan thanh hai ddi tuong: "cdng cluing d ^ cbiing \k cdng chung tinh anh". Pham vi "ngiroi doc dai chung" eiia chdng tdi cd diSm khic vdi phgm vi "cdng chiing dgi chiing" trong bai viet nay d goc dp y thuc ve vai tro dinh che, nbu chung tdi giai thich.
(3) Michel tie Certeau: The Practice Cff Everyday Life, (trans. Rendall), Universily of California, I988,tr.l73-I74.
(4) Su teeu Men cua ngudi ^)C dgi chung cd the fim ihSy trong sd lupng 868 y kien tham gia ddi flioai vdi Cdrdi dong bdt ton sau nam n ^ y md ra dien ^ n (theo thong ke ciia bao Tudi tre, ngay I3A)4/2006), trong do cd 13 y ki6n phan dfii 855 y kiSn ung hd, nhung cy the nhit la nhung y kien diKic cac bao Tuoi tre, Ndng thon ngdy nay chpn ^ n g .
(5) Henry Jenkms: "Star Trek Return, RereacL Rewritten: Fan Writing as Texftial Ptaching", Critical Studies inMass Communication, Vol.5, No 2,1988.
(6), (7) Biii Viet ITiing: Bdi hgc vdn chuong tir "Cdnh dong bdt tgn ". Nghien citu van hpc, sd 7-2006, U.130-I35.
(8) Ludvig Wittgenstein: Phihsophische Untersuchungen - Philosophical Investigations, Blackwell, 1999, eac muc 23,24,25.
(9) Hans Robat Jauss: Literaturgeschichte als Provokation, Suhrkamp, 1970, tr.I73-174.