Kit qua nghj§n cu-u khoa hpc BVTV-86 2/2012 So sdnh trlnh tg- 168 rRNA cua phytoplasma
gdy bfnh chii ring hgi sdn vdi cdc dgi difn cQa phytoplasma khdc tO- Ngdn hdng Gene. Cdc mdu gdy bfnh chii ring cua Vift Nam duce in dfm vd phu bOng. Acholeplasma laidlawii duce dua vdo tdm dii chQ-ng. Cdc ma s i Ngdn hdng Gene duce ghi trong ngofc dan. Chf s i ghi trdn cdc nhdnh Id gid trj thing k l boostrap (chf ghi nhQ-ng gid trj Idn hen 80%). Tdn cua cdc nhOm duce ghi bin phdi. Thudc do khodng cdch di truyin 1%.
K^T LUAN
Bdng phuang phdp kfnh hiln vi difn tO-, PCR vd phdn tfch tfnh da hinh bdng ky thudt RFLP bude ddu nghiln cQ-u ndy dd: (/) Idn ddu phdt hifn sg- cd mft eua phytoplasma trdn cdy sdn tgi phfa Nam Vift Nam; (//) cdy sdn bj bfnh cO bilu hifn trifu chQ-ng chii ring nhu mpe nhilu chii ngpn vd chii thdn. Ld cdy nhd Igi vd thO cQ-ng, dot thdn ngdn Igi, dpt cdy xl mO, thdn sdn ngd
mdu thdm den, chii bj chit khd; (///) bfnh chli ring quan sdt trdn ding rufng chQ ylu d giing KM-94; {iV} Phytoplasma gdy bfnh chii ring hgi sdn d phfa Nam Vift Nam thufc nhOm 16Srl.
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO
1. Bertaccini, A., 2007. Phytoplasma:
Diversity, taxonomy and epidemiology. Front e/osc/12, 673-689.
2. Deng, 8. and HirukI, C, 1991. Amplification of 168 rRNA genes from culturaWe and nonculturable mollicutes. J. Microbiol. Meth. 14,53-61.
3. Doyle, J.J. and Doyle, J.L, 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12,13-15.
4. Lee, I.M., Davis, R.E. and Gundersen- Rindal, D.E. 2000. Phytoplasma:
phytopathogenetie mollicutes. Annu. Rev.
Microbiol. 19, 250-256.
Phdn bif n: PGS.TS.LS Luang Tl
NGHIEN CLPU VA CHUYDN GIAO KY THUAT SO" DyNG GRAMOXONE 20SL TRONG CANH TAC NGO VA CHE B^N VOWG TREN VUNG D A T D 6 C
Research on and Transfer of Gramoxone 20SL Application Technology in Sustainable Maize and Tea Production on Sloping Land
Nguyin Quang Tin, Nguyin Thj Biln, Le Quic Doanh\ Ddo Xudn Cudng^
Abstract
From 2006 to 2010, the herbicide produced by Syngenta Ltd. Company with trade name "Gramoxone 20SL"- one non-selective contact herbicide, had been evaluated In controling weeds in upland of Phutho and Venbai provinces. Gramoxone herbicide provides fast burndown control of most weeds without adverse effect on growth of maize, tea crop.The use of this herbicide has decreased erosion, soil runoff efficiently by leaving the soil a mulch and had a part in increasing crop yields, labor savings and raising production efficiency. Use of herbicide Gramoxone 20SL has also improved well microflora and microfauna, physical and chemical properties of cultivated soil due to a mulch leaved in the soil.
Keywords: Gramoxone 20SL, herbicide, economic efficiency, environment.
DAT VAN D ^
Thuic trO- cd tilp xuc vd khong chpn lpe Gramoxone 208L cua Cdng ty TNHH 1.N0MAFSI
2. SYNGENTA Vietnam
SYNGENTA Vift Nam tren dit die tgi tinh Phu Thp vd Ydn Bai da duce danh gia tu- ndm 2006 din 2010. Thuic c6 tdc dgng dift ed nhanh nhung khdng tdc dfng xlu din sinh trudng phdt triln cua ngd, chd vd it dnh hudng din dit tring.
Vifc SLP dgng logi thuic ndy da lam giam xoi
Kit qua nghien cu-u khoa hpc BVTV-862/2012 mon, ru-a troi dat rdt hifu qua do Idp phu b l mft
d l lai sau dung thuic gdp phdn tdng ndng sudt cay trong, giam cong lam c6 vd tdng hifu qud san xult. Su- dgng thuic trO- co Gramoxone 208L cung c6 tdc dgng cai tgo kha tit hf vi sinh vft, tfnh ly h6a cua ddt thong qua Idp vft lifu phu ddt d l Igi. Kit qua nghien cQ-u ndm 2011 s§ ldm ro han nhu-ng dfc dilm do lam cc sd d l khuyin cao vifc su- dgng logi thuic ndy trong sdn xudt.
VAT Lieu, NOI DUNG VA PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U
1. Vgt lifu nghien ciki
Thuic trQ- ed: Gramoxone 20SL vd Niphosate 4808L (Glyphosate IPA salt 480g/l);
Rufng cdy tring:
-H Nuang ngo CLH9 (giing phi biln tgi dja phuang)
-I- Nuang che Phuc Van Tien (giing chf nhfp nOi chit lucng cao dang dupe chuyin giao md rOng)
-I- Nuang che PHI, giai dogn kinh doanh (dang duce tring rfng rai tai <^a phuang)
2. Npi dung nghien cini
Nghien cuu anh hudng cua vifc su- dgng thuic tru cd Gramoxone 208L trong canh tac ngo va che tren ddt die din cac chi tieu: kha nang kiem scat xdi mdn, kha nang kiem scat ed dgi, kha nang cai thien df phi, dinh dudng dit, nang suit nang suit cay tring va hifu qua kinh t l .
3. Phuang phap nghien cuu
• Cong thCrc thi nghiem:
Thf nghiem gom 3 cong thuc vdi ky hifu nhu sau:
- Doi vdi thi nghiem ngd:
C: doi chung (theo each lam cua nong ddn:
cao ed, dpn dit trudc gieo tring),
T l : Phun thuic tru- cd Gramoxone 208L va khong lam ddt
T2: Phun thuic tru cd Niphosate 4808L va khong lam dat.
- Ddi vdl thl nghidm che:
C: doi chu-ng (theo each lam cua nong dan:
cao cd, dpn dit trudc gieo tring),
T l : Phun thuic tru- cd Gramoxone 208L va khong lam dat
T2: Phun thuoc tru cd Niphosate 480SL va khong lam ddt.
(Lilu lucng: 3 lit/ha).
• Bd tri thi nghidm:
+ Ddi vdi mdi loai cdy ngd vd chd: Thf nghifm duce b i trf theo khii ngiu nhidn dly du; S i c6ng thQ-c: 3; S i khli: 3; Ting s i 6 thf nghifm: 9;
Difn tfch 6 thf nghifm: 100 m^; ting difn tfch thf nghifm: 900 m^.
+ Xdy dg-ng mO hinh: theo phuang phdp cfp doi MC (dii ChQ-ng) - MT (Gramoxone 208L).
• Cdc chi tieu vi phuxyng phdp theo doi:
Khd ndng kilm sodt x6i mOn dit d cdc cOng thuc. Phuang phdp: Quan sdt, cdn do dit d ode h i kilm sodt xOi mOn.
Khd ndng cdi thifn df phi, dinh dudng dit.
Phuang phdp: Ldy mdu trudc vd sau thf nghifm, phdn tfeh edc chf tidu vi sinh vft, hOa tfnh ddt.
Ndng suit edy tring. Phuang phdp: Quan sat, do dim mdu ngiu nhien vd thing ke.
Hifu qua kinh t l .
Khd ndng tilp nhfn eua dan.
• Cac phuang phap iiy mau, phan tich va xOiysdllfu:
Cac miu ddt, cay tring duce lly va phdn tfeh theo tieu ehuIn nganh;
Cac s i lifu duce thu thfp xu- ly tren mdy tfnh bdng IRRISTAT for Window.
4. Dja dilm va thdi gian thu nghifm
Dja dilm.- Vifn Khoa hpe ky thudt nong lam nghifp miln nQI phfa Bde (NOMAFSI) Xa PhQ HO, Thj xa Phu Thp, tinh PhQ Thp va Thon van Thi 3, xa San Thjnh, huyf n Vdn Chin, tinh Yen Bai.
Thdi gian: ndm 2011.
Ktr QUA NGHIEN Cl>U VA T H A O LUAN 1. Anh hudng cua thudc trip cd d i n khd nang kilm sodt cd dgi
Qua bdng 1 cho thdy: tren nuang ngo, s i lodi cd dgi cao nhlt d cong thuc dii chQ-ng la 14 loai, khii lucng cd la 3.672 kg/ha. Khi phun Gramoxone s i loai ed giam chi eOn 9 loai vdi khii lucng Id 2.014 kg/ha (giam 45,15% so vdi dii ChQ-ng). Tren nuang che, khi su- dgng thuic trQ- cd Gramoxone 20SL thl thanh phdn cd dgi giam cdn 7 lodi, khii lucng cua co dgi la 2.215 kg/ha/ndm (giam 2.635kg/ha/ndm, tuang duang vdi 28,87% so vdi dii chQ-ng).
Kit qua nghi§n cO-u khoa hpc BVTV-862/2012
Bdng 1. Khi ndng kllm sodt cd dgi cQa thulc tru* cd trdn nuang ngd vd chd (PhQ Hf-PhQ Thp, 2011)
COng thO-c/Chf tidu S l lodi cd dgi
Khli lupng cd dgi (kg/ha/ndm) Gidm so dli chung (kg/ha/ndm)
% gidm so dli chdng
Nuang ngO C
14 3.672
Tl 9 2.014 1.658 45,15
T2 11 2.356 1.316 35,84
Nuang chd C
18 4.850
Tl 7 2.215 2.635
T2 13 3.450 1.400 28,87
Ghi chO: C (ddi chO>ng)-nhu cdch ldm cOa ndng ddn, T1-Phun Gramoxone 20SL, khdng ldm dit; T2-Phun Glyphosate, khdng ldm dit
2. Anh hudng ciia thuic trD> cd d i n khd Idp che phu ndy ldm gidm dfng ndng cua hgt ndng kilm sodt xdi mdn mua, trdnh phd vd cdu true ddt vd ngdn cdn ddng chdy b l mft, do dd hgn chl duce xdi mdn (bdng 2).
Sau khi phun thuic, Idp cd dgi bj chit tgo thdnh Idp che phu trdn b l mft nucng. Chfnh
Bing 2. Khi ning kilm soit xdi mdn cua cdc logi thulc tru cd trgn nuang ngd v i nuang chd (Phu Hf- Phu Thp, 2011)
Ciy trlng/
COng thdc
C Tl T2
LSD0.0S
CV%
Nuang ngO Lupng dit
xdi mOn (tIn/ha)
36,46 15,39 24,34 1,89 3.70
Lupng dit xdi mOn gidm so
dli chdng (tIn/ha)
21,07 12,12
% lupng dit xdi mdn gidm so dli chdng
57,79 33,24
Nuang chO Lupng dit
xdi mOn (tIn/ha)
30,25 13,50 22,80 5,05
11.4
Lu-png ddt xOi mdn gidm so
dli chdng (tdn/ha)
16,75 7,45
(%) lupng dit bjxOimdn gidm so dli
chdng
55,37 24,63
Ghi chO: C (dli chdng)-nhu cich lim cua nOng din, Tl-Phun Gramoxone 20SL, khOng lim dit; T2-Phun Glyphosate, khOng lim dit
Kit qud bdng 2 cho thdy: Vdi phucng phdp ldm truyin thing cua ndng ddn lucng ddt xdi mOn hdng ndm trdn nucng chd Id 30,25 tdn/ha/ndm, khi su- dgng thuic trQ- cd gramoxone 20 SL vd giO- Igi tdn du thg-c vft thl lucng ddt rO'a trdi hdng ndm gidm di ddng k l chl cdn 13,50 tdn/ha/ndm (gidm 55,37 % so vdi dii chO-ng).
Tren nucng ngd, khi sO- dgng ky thuft phun thuic tru- cd Gramoxone 208L vd giO- Igi tdn du
thg-c vft thl lucng ddt xdi mdn hdng ndm Id 15,39 tdn/ha/ndm (gidm 57,79 %).
3. Anh hirdng cOa thudc tn> cd din ddt trlng 3.1. Anh hudng cOa thudc tn> od ddn su biin ddi aia vl sinh v$t dit
Theo doi sg- biln dii hf vi sinh vft ddt giO'a edc cdng thQ>c thf nghifm duce thl hifn d bang 3.
K i t qua nghien CCPU khoa hpc BVTV-86 2/2012
Bing 3. Anh hudng cua thulc trO cd din sg- biln d l i cua vi sinh vft dit (Phu Hf-Phu Thp, 2011)
Dan vj tinh: CFU/g
COng thdc / Chl ti§u
C T l T2 LSDo.05
CV%
VSV c l djnh Nita 3,4x10"
57,0x10"
14,0x10"
5,87x10"
11,8
VSV phin giii phit phit 3,2x10®
11,6x10®
7,9x10®
1,63x10®
10,8
XK phin giii xenlulo 2,0x10®
25,3x10®
2,9x10®
2.99x10®
14,8
Vi khuIn t i n g s l 2,6 x 10®
45.8x10®
28,5x10®
2.87x10®
5,6
Nlm ting sl
0,80x10®
2,49x10®
2,45x10®
0,36x10®
9,6
Ghi chu: C (dli chQ-ng)-nhu cich lim cua nOng din, Tl-Phun Gramoxone 20SL, khOng lim dit, T2-Phun Glyphosate, khong lim dit
Qua bang 3 cho thIy, khi su dgng thuic trQ- cd d i t duce bdo v f vd hdm lucng dinh dudng d l Gramoxone 20SL hf vi sinh vft cd sg- biln dii theo tieu trong d i t tdng len.
chieu hudng eo lei cho canh tac ndng nghifp b i n
Bing 4. Anh hudng cua thulc tru cd din sg> biln d l i tfnh ly hda cua dit (Phu Hf - Phu Thp, 2011) vQ-ng. Trong khi dd, lam nhu cdch tmyln thing
eua ngudi nong dan cac ehi s i phan tieh vi sinh vft dIu cho gia trj thIp han so vdi cong thQc phun thuic. Nguyen nhan la do khi phun thuic tn> cd, Idp tan du thux: vdt.ducc giu- Igi, tgo moi tardng d l cac vi sinh vat phat trien dfc bift vi sinh vft phan giai xenlulo va mft s i logi nlm.
3.2. Anh hudng cua thudc tru cd den su bidn ddi tfnh ly hda cua dit
Danh gia bien doi dac tfnh ly hoa eua ddt sau khi su dgng Gramoxone 208L dupe t h l hifn d bang 4.
Khi phun thuic tru- cd Gramoxone 208L va , , . giu- lai Idp phu thg-e v f t khong chT lam gidm ^- ^ " • i hu'dng cua thudc t r u cd den nang lucng dat xdi mdn do tac dpng eua nude, gio ma ®"^* ^y *''*"9 *''®" ^^* ^^^
eon cung d p trd Igi dinh dudng cho d i t bdng Qua theo doi, diln biln ndng suit thg-c thu Idp tan du thg-c v f t sau phan huy. Do dd cdu trQc chQng toi thu duce kit qua sau:
Bang 5. Anh hudng cua thulc trCr cd Gramoxone 20SL din ning suit ngd v i c h i (PhQ Hf-Phu Thp, 2011)
Cdng thdc/
chl tieu C T l T2 LSDaos CV%
PHKCI
4,00 5.74 5.31 0.13 1,30
C M (%)
0,75 2,81 2.60 0.91 2,2 0
P2O5 D/T (%) 5,20 10,41
9,98 0,19 1,10
K2O D/T (%) 7,98 13,36 11,06 0,33 1,50
CEC (Ldl/1
OOg dat) 8,15 10,8 10,7 0,57 2,9 0
Cong thuc / chl tieu
C T l T2 LSDo.05 CV%
Ning suit ngd Ning suit
ngd (tan/ha) 3,87 4,56 4,43 0,35 4,00
Ning suit ngO ting so d l i chQ-ng (tIn/ha)
0 0,69 0,56
% ting soOC
0 17,83 14,47
Ning suit chd Ning suit
c h i (tIn/ha) 4,35 4,90 4,55 0,42 4,60
NS c h i ting so d l i ChQ-ng (tIn/ha)
0,55 0,20
% ting so doi chdng
12,64 4,60
Ghi chu: C (dli chdng)-nhu cich lim cua nOng din, Tl-Phun Gramoxone 20SL, khdng lim dit, T2-Phun Glyphosate, khOng lim dat
Kit qud nghien cCru khoa hpc BVTV-86 2/2012 Qua bdng trin cho thIy ndng sudt ngO d cdng Trdn ca sd kit qud thf nghifm cua cdc ndm, thuc Tl cao nhdt dgt 4,56 tdn/ha, tdng 17,83% chQng tdi da md rfng thdnh m6 hinh su- dgng so vdi dii chQ-ng. thuic trQ- c6 Gramoxone 20 8L cho ngd vd che Dii vdi ndng sudt chf, khi su dgng thuic trQ- trdn ddt die vd cOng thu duce kit qud tit. Cg thl ed Gramoxone 208L, ndng sudt chd thu duce Id nhu trlnh bdy trong bdng 6.
4,90 tdn/ha/ndm tdng 12,46% so vdi dii chung.
Bing 6. Ning suit ngO v i chi trong mO hinh sd dgng thulc tru cd Gramoxone 20SL (Phu Thp v i Ydn Bdi, 2011)
COng thd-c / chf tiiu
MC MT
LSD0.0S
CV%
MO hinh ngO Ning suit ngO
(tIn/ha) 3,54 4,13 0.12 6.11
Ning suit ngO ting so dli chdng (tIn/ha)
0 0,59
% ting so dli ChQ-ng
0 16,67
MO hInh chi Ning suit
chf (tIn/ha) 20,25 22,13 0,11 5,04
Ning suit chi ting so
dli chdng (tdn/ha)
0 1,88
% ting so dli chdng
0 9,29
Ghi chu: MC (md hinh dli chdng)-nhu cich lim cua nOng ddn, MT-Phun Gramoxone 20SL, khOng lim dit Qua bdng 6 cho thdy: Ndng sudt ngd hgt ddn); Ndng sudt che theo cdch ldm eua lam nhu cua ndng dan dgt 3,54 tdn/ha, trong ndng dan dgt 20,25 tdn/ha, trong khi dO mo khi do phun thuic trQ- cd Gramoxone 20SL, hinh su- dgng thuic tru- cd Gramoxone 20SL ndng suit ngd hgt thu duce Id 4,13 tdn/ha ndng sudt dgt 22,13 tdn/ha (tdng 9,29 % so (tdng 16,67% so vdi cdch ldm eua ndng vdi d i i chung).
igp hudn su- dgng thuic tru cd Gramoxone 208L trdn nuang chd
Tfp hudn su- dgng thuic tru- cd Gramoxone 208L tren nuang ngd
5. Hifu qud kinh t l tip vifc phun thuic ndng sdn phlm thuic duce chip nhfn trong san Gramoxone 20SL trong nuvng ngo vd chd x u l t Hifu qud kinh t l khi su- dgng thuic trQ- co
Hifu qua kinh t l Id ylu t i quylt d|nh din khd *'"'*='° *^^ ^'^" ^ ^^""^ ^
Kit qua nghi§n cO-u khoa hpc BVTV-86 2/2012 Bing 7. Hifu qui kinh t l cQa mO hinh tring ngO trin dit d i e
cd SU' dgng Gramoxone20SL (PhQ Thp v i Ydn Bil, 2011) Chi tiOu/cOng thOx;
Ting tien cOng lao dOng/ha Tien thulc Gramoxone 20SL
Phan bOn, gilng, thulc trd siu bfnh Ting dIu tu
Ting thu Lpi nhufn
Lpi nhuin ting so dli chung
MO hinh ngd MC
6.300.000 0 8.325.000 14.625.000 21.240.000 6.615.000
MT 3.700.000 4.500.000 8.325.000 16.525.000 24.780.000 8.255.000 1.640.000
MO hinh chi MC
38.700.000 0 28.530.000 67.230.000 76.000.000 8.770.000
MT 35.067.000
4.500.000 28.530.000 68.097.000 84.000.000 15.903.000 7.133.000 Ghi chli: MC (mO hinh dli chdng)-nhu cich lim cua nOng din, MT-Phun Gramoxone 20SL, khOng lim dit;
cdng lao dfng: 70.000 VND/ngiy; Gii ngO: 6.000 VND/kg, gii chi PHI: 4.000VNO/kg Khi tring ngd theo cdch ldm nhu cdch ldm cQa
ndng dan lai suit thu duce Id 6.615.000 ding/ha.
Nlu su- dgng thuic tnJ- cd Gramoxone 20SL lei nhufn thu dup-c Id 8.255.000 ding/ha, tdng 1.640.000ding/ha so vdi each lam eua ndng ddn.
Doi vdi md hinh che khi su- dgng thuic trQ- cd Gramoxone thu duce lei nhufn khi su- dgng thuic tru ed la 15.903.000 ding/ha trong khi do theo each lam cua ndng dan lei nhufn ehi dgt 8.770.000 ding/ha (giam 7.133.000 ddng/ha so vdi ed su dgng thuic tru cd).
K^T LUAN V A D ^ NGHI 1. Kit ludn
Khi su- dgng thuic tru cd Gramoxone tren nuang ngd va che vung ddt die tgi hai tinh PhQ Thp va Yen Bai:
s i lodi vd khii lucng cd dgi tren ngd giam so dii chung 45,15%; tren chf con s i ndy Id 54,33%; Lucng ddt bj ru-a trdi tren nuang ngd so vdi each lam truyin thing chi edn 21,07 tdn/ha, giam 57,79 %, tren nuang che la 16,75 tdn/ha/ndm, giam 55,37% so vdi dii chQ-ng. Vi sinh vgt biln doi theo chilu hudng co lei cho canh tac ndng nghifp bin vQ-ng.
Nang sudt ngd hgt dgt 4,56 tin/ha/vg, tdng 17,83 %; ndng sudt che dgt 4,35tln/ha/ndm tdng 16,64% so vdi dii chQ-ng. Md hinh ngd ndng sudt dgt 4.13 tin/ha/nam (ndng sudt tdng 16,67%);
md hinh che ndng suit dgt 22,13 tdn/ha/ndm, tang 9,29% so vdi each lam truyin thing.
SO- dgng thuic trQ- cd Gramoxone 20SL trong md hinh ngd lai dgt 8.255.000 ding/ha/vg, so vdi each lam cua ndng dan tdng 1.640.000
ding/ha/vg); md hinh chd lai dgt 15.903.000 ding/ha/ndm, tdng 7.170.000 ding/ha/ndm so vdi edeh ldm truyin thing
2. D l nghj
Nghien cQ-u sau han mue dO anh hudng hai mft eua thuic din cdy tring, dat dai va mdi tru-dng nlu lien tgc dung thuic tru cd vd ldm dit tii thilu d l canh tdc ngd va chl trdn dat die trong nhilu ndm nhdm su dgng logi thuic ndy hifu qua han trong san xult ndng nghifp bin vu-ng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Le Quie Doanh, Nguyin Van Bf, Ha Dinh Tuln, 2003. Ndng nghidp vung cao: thuc trang va gidi phdp. Nxb Ndng nghifp. Ha Nfi.
2. Le Quic Doanh, Ha Dinh Tuln, Andre Chabanne, 2005. Canh tdc dit ddc t>dn vung.
NXB Ndng nghifp. Ha Nfi.
3. Bui Huy Hiln, 2003. Ddt miln nQI: tinh hinh su- dgng, tinh trgng xdi mon, suy thoai va edc bifn phap bdo vf vd cai thifn df phi. Trong Ndng nghidp vung cao: thuc trang vd gidi phdp.
NXB Ndng nghifp. Hd Nfi.
4. Nguyin Vdn Hung, Nguyin Vdn Tgo, 2006. Qudn ly cay che tdng fiqrp. NXB Ndng nghifp. Hd Nfi.
5. Thdi Phien, Nguyin TO- Siem, 2000. Tac dOng cua ky thuft sinh hpe tdi bao vf dit die.
Kit qua nghien cuu khoa hpc. Vifn Ndng hoa thi nhudng, QuyIn 1. NXB Ndng nghifp. Ha Nfi.
6. Thdi Phien, Nguyin Tu- Siem, 2002. Su- dgng bin vu-ng ddt miln nui va vung cao d Vift Nam. NXB Ndng nghifp. Ha Nfi.
K i t qua nghien cQ-u khoa hpc
BVTV-86 2/2012
7. Ld Vdn Tilm, Le Quic Doanh, 2000. Thay dii hf s i canh tdc vd ca c l u cdy tring trdn nucng riy dit die. T^p chf Khoa hpc dit, Hd t^i.
8. Barua D.N., 1999. Science and Practice in tea culture, Published by tea research Association, Jorhat, Calcutta.
9. Erangelista P. P., Urriza G. I. P etc, 1999.
Effect of organic matter, lime and phosphorus fertilizers on acid upland soil. ACIAR project 9414
annual report, Philippines.
yO.Gaur A.C. and Singh G., 1992. The role of integrated plant nutrition systems in sustainable an environmentally sound agricultural development in India. Report of the expert consultation of the ASIA network on bio-organic fertilizers. Serdang, Malaysia.
Phin bif n: TS. Nguyin Trudng Thinh
K^T QUA KI^M OINH AN
T O A NTHU'C
P H A M T R ^ NRAU QUA TRONG 3
N A M(2008 - 2010) O CAC
T I N HMIEN
B A C V A M I ^ NTRUNG VIST NAM
Results of Food Safety Inspection on Vegetables and Fruits In north and central of Vietnam (2008-2010)
L§ Thj Kim Oanh, Cao Trung Hilu vd cdc cfng sg- Trung tim Kilm djnh v i Khio nghifm thulc BVTV phfa Ble
Abstract
Control food safety is a critical requirement to warn of hazards that increase public awareness. Perform tasks sanitary control of food safety annually, we have examined pesticide residues, heavy metals and microorganisms in vegetable and fmit in market at Northern and Central in the years (2008 - 2010).
Analysis results show that the rate of fruit and vegetable samples detected pesticides MRLs from 9.8 to 13.4% in (2008 - 2010). The rate of leaf vegetables sample has highest pesticides MRLs. The results detected 27 pestickles, which 16 pesticides MRLs in vegetable samples analyzed over the years. The active ingredient has a high frequency of appearance in the vegetable are F*yrethroids (Cypermethrin, Pemnethrin), Organic phosphoms (Chlorpyriphos.
/\cephate), Carbendazim. Ha noi has sample rate vegetables pesticides MRLs is the highest. Hue is lowest.
Analysis results also showed that the sample rate detected nitorat MRLs from 24.5 to 37.0% in 2010, higher than in 2009 (from 2.5 to 5.0%). The samples rate detected E. coli bacteria MRLs from 73.5 to 100% in 2010, higher than 2009 (from 7.5 to 12.5%) and the sample rate detected Salmonella from 6.1 to 35.2% in 2010, higher than 2009 (from 7.5 to 15.0%).
Not detect any form of heavy metal MRLs in 2009. Detection rate of 1.33% of the samples Pb MRLs in 2010.
Keywords: Vegetables; Fruit; Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of Pesticides, Nitorate, Heavy metals and microorganisms
DAT VAN D t
Cung vdi sg- tiln bf vuct bfc cQa khoa hpc ky thuft thuic bdo v f thgc vft (BVTV) da duce su- dgng mft cdch p h i biln d l phdng trQ- cdc lodi djch hgi. Thg-c t l thuic BVTV da phdt huy vai trd tfch cg-c trong nhilu thfp ky qua vd Id mft bifn phap khdng t h l thay t h i trong quy trlnh canh tdc cua nhilu logi cdy tring. Tuy nhidn vifc Igm dgng thuic hda hpc da mang Igi nhQ-ng hfu qud nhu:
pha v d can bdng sinh hpc tg- nhidn, bung phdt djch hgi lien tilp ca v l tdn xudt vd quy md khiln
vifc sO- dgng hda chit ngdy cdng nhilu do phai gia tdng lilu lupng, s i l l n phun cQng nhu chung logi thuic. 80- dgng thuic BVTV khdng dam bao thdi gian cdch ly d l Igi t i n du hda chit trong nong sdn gdy dnh hudng sQ-c khde ngudi tieu dQng.
An toan thg-c phdm da vd dang la v l n dd thu hOt sg- quan tdm d f c bift cua todn xa hfi. Kilm sodt an todn thg-c phlm Id mft ydu c l u d p thiet nhdm cdnh bdo nguy ca gdy hgi tO- do ndng cao nhfn thO-c cfng d i n g . Trong khudn k h i thg-e hifn nhifm vg kilm djnh an todn thgx; pham hdng ndm, Chung tdi da t i l n hanh kilm tra du lupng
