KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
' ^ t f B s a ^
LJ-^UG- T/t^e^T^ay
XuAn mnh ThAn
2016 O M 4 M
Nuae C^ng hAa KA h4l <M ';^BkJii
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ns5to
SIJ SAIM LdlXIG CHI T R A C U A HO DAI\i IMHAM CAI THIEIXI CHAT LUqiXIG M O l TRUOIXIG IMUDC Q LAIMG IXIGHE BIJI\I
K H A C I M I E M , B A C IXIilXIH
Ll Tlii Phuong Dung*. Nguyen Hfiu D^t^, T r ^ D6c TTiuSn^ Ttita Thj Ly*
TOMTAT
Bae Ninh hi§n co 62 Ung nghe, nhftng lang ngh^ njiy da, dang vA se mang lai ipi ich Ion v^ Itinh tl, ve vific lam cho Ithu vuc nong th6n cua tinh; cac l^g nghi hifin dang thu hiit hon 14 n g ^ hp va Idioang 77 nghin lao dong. Mac du vay, cac l^g nghi cQng la khu vuc gay ra 6 nhifim raoi truoDg nghifim trpng trong qua trinh san xuat va che bi^n. Miic 6 nhifim moi truong nu6c ciia lang nghi lam biin Khic Nifim cao Hon so voi Quy chuan cho phep (QCCP) nhilu Un. Nghifin ciiu su dung phuong phap CYM dl di^u tra vA phuong phap hoi quy da biln p h ^ tich cac ylu t6 anh huong toi miic sSn long chi tra ciia nguoi dan nh4m cai thien chat lupng moi tru6ng nu6c. Kit qua nghifin ciiu cho thay, miic sin 16ng chi tra binh quan ciia cac ho la 33 nghin dong/ho/tfaang, tuong duong 1,14 ti ddng/nSm cua toan the nguoi dan trong lang nghi. Phan tich c4c yeu td inh hirong tdi miic sSn long chi tra cua cac ho dan cho thay thu nh^p, nhan thirc cda nguoi dan vl v^n d^ m6i tnrong Iji c^c ylu td quan trong nhat anh huong toi miic sSn long chi tra ciia ngudi dan hinh thanh quy cai tao chat lucmg moi trudng.
T£rldi6a: Sin/ong-chi tra, cai thiSn chat Itwng moi tnrdng nudc, hg lam nghe, lang nghe.
I.MOD^U
Theo bao cAo cua UBND tinh Bdc Ninh, toan tinh B k Ninh nam 2014 co 14.360 h6 lam ngh6, chi^m 4,54% s6 ho cua tinh; 76.870 Iao ddng Iam
^ Khoa Kinh tS, Trudng Cao dang Thuy s;
^ Vi?n Kinh tl Vif t Nam ' Dai hgc Cong ngh? Ddng Nai
* HQC vi?n Ndng nghiep Viet Nam
ngh^, chi^m 11,55% sd lao ddng trong dd tuoi; tdng gia tri san xuat cua lang nghe dat 7.629,4 ty ddng, bang 7,78% GDP cua tinh. Thu nh$p binh quan cua lao dpng a cac ling ngh^ dat 4-4,5 tridu ddng/lao ddng/thang; c6 nhiing ngh^ cho thu nhap cao, dat 7 - 8 trieu ddng/ nguoi/ thang nhu: ngh^ can keo thdp Da Hpi thi xa Tu Scm, nghe diic ddng, nhom Dai Bai huyen Gia Binh, Van Mdn huyen Y6n Phong, san xuat gi^y a phudng Phong Khe, thanh phd Bae Ninh,
NONG NGHI|P VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2016
KHOA HOC CdNG HOHt
nghe t ^ ch^ phe lieu huy^n Yen Phong (UBND tinh Bdc Ninh, 2015).
Nhi^u lang nghe vdi nhimg san pham n6i tieng nhu gd my ngh§ Ddng Ky, bun (Khac Nidm), sat thep ff)a Hpi, Chau Khd), giay (Phong Khd, Phii Lam), ruou CTam Da, Dai LSm), tai che nhdm (Van Mdn). Phat tri^n cac lang nghe truyen thdng tuy mang lgi lpi ich kinh te cao cho ngiroi dan noi day nhung da, dang va se danh ddi bang su huy hoai mdi tmdng vA siic khde ngudi dan. Phudng Khdc Niem, thanh phd Bdc Ninh, tinh Bae Ninh vdn la lang nghe noi tieng lau ddi, chuydn san xuat cdc san pham biin, banh da cd tidng tai Bdc Nmh. Tr&n dia ban Khac Nidm hidn co tdi hon 200 hd lam nghe san xuat biin, trong do tap trung chu y^u tai cac thdn Tidn Trong, Ti^n Ngodi va thdn Mo (Que Som) vdi cdng suat mdi hp tu 7 ta den 1 tan biin/ngay (bao Bdc Ninh online, 2014). Voi nang sudt tmng binh cua cac hd 5 ta - 1 tan/ngay, qud trinh san xudt ndy da, dang thai ra mdi tmong khoang 4.000 - 5.500 m^ nudc thai mdi ngay, cdc chat gay 6 nhidm virot quy chuan cho phdp 5-10 ldn {U^B minh nudc sach, 2013).
Vdn dd dat ra la ai se la nguoi diing ra giai quydt van d^ moi Inrdng dang hi d nhidm nang n^ do qua trinh sdn xuat hidn nay, giai quy^t nhu th^ nao va ngudn tai chinh Idy o dau dd xay dimg cdc cdng trinh xii ly nuoc thai? Bdi vidt nay phdn dnh k^t qua nghidn ciiu su sin long chi tra cua cac hd dan lang nghe biin Khac Nidm cho cai tao mdi trudng nuoc va phan tich cdc y^u td anh hu6ng tdi miic sdn long chi tri cua cdc hd dan.
2 . lUGUON Sd l £ U VA PHUIMG PHAP NGHDU GI)U 2.1. Ngudn sd lidu
2.1.1. NguSn sdlieu thii cap (sdlieu da cong bo) Sd lieu thii cap (da cdng bd) dirpc Ihu thap va phan tich nham tim ra dwgrc nhiing net chung nhat, c6 cai nhin tdng quan va nhiing thdng tin tong the ve khu vuc nghien cuu, cQng nhu cac van d^ nghidn ciitu Sd lidu thu cap duo'C thu thap thdng qua nhiiog tai lieu da cd sdn, dupc tdng hgp tu ngudn da dupc cdng bd mpt each hpp phdp trdn cac edng trinh khoa hoc, sach, bao, bdo cdo tdng kdt ciia cdc ca quan thdng kd, ca quan nghien ciiu, chinh quyen cdc cap lien quan tdi ldng ngh4 san xuat biin Khac Nidm - Bdc Ninh.
2.1.2. Ngudn sd'Mu saeap (sd'lieu moi) Sd lidu sa cap nham ddnh gia thuc trang quan diem, ling xu va su sdn long chi tra cua cac hd dan nham t^io quy d^ khac phuc mdi trudng nudc bi d
nhidm nghidm trpng hidn nay a ldng ngh^ biin Khac Nidm. D^ CO dupc sd Itrpng mSu hpp ly so vdi tdng the miu, ddm bao y nghia thdng kd cho phuang phap di^u b-a "tao dung thi tnrong" (contingent valuation method - CVM), phuang phap di^u tra true tidp phdng vdn vd each the hidn cau hdi theo phuong phdp ddu thau vdi mdt mi^n the cho trudc {Payment card with a range of price for the goodi. Sd lupng mdu dupe di6u tra dua trdn tdng the mdu dupc dp dung theo edng thiie tinh mau cua Yamane (1967) nhu sau:
n = N/(l-HNxe^
Trong do: n Id sd mdu can di^u fra; N Id tdng M mdu; e la mirc y nghia thdng kd. Miic y nghia 90%
hay e=0,l.
Bdng 1. Phan bdsdmludi^u Ira
Khu
Tiha trong TlSn NgoM Que Son
Tdng
Tdng sd ho Chd) 325 425 247 997
Sd mau didu tra H d l t a ngh^san xuit bun Chd)
25 25 10 60
Hd khdng lam nghe san xuat bun (ha) 25 25 10 60 Ngudn: UBND phudng Khac Niim, 2014 vA tong hop cua tac 0a, 2015
Theo thdng ke ciia UBND phuang Khdc Nidm (2014), phuang cd 2.886 hd d ^ vdi 7 khu Ddng, Doai, Son, Thupng, Tien Trong, Tien Ngoai va Qud Son. Hoat dpng sdn xudt bun didn ra tai Ti^n Trong, Tidn Ngodi va Qud San. Quan sdt cho thdy dia ban lang blin ndm t^ch bidt vdi cac khu cdn lai, nen nghidn ohi tien hdnh di^u tra ehinh tai dia ban ba khu Tidn Trong, Tien Ngodi, Que Son. Dd lam ro van dd va tranh sai sd do chpn mdu, loai tru nhiing mau di^u tra khdng hop le, sd mdu dieu tra thuc te Id 120 hd, nhidu hon so vdi quy djnh gan 30 hp.
2.2. Phuong p h ^ phdn tich vd xvr ly s611^
Dd dam bdo giai quydt thda ddng muc tidu da dd ra, sd lidu dupc xii ly thdng qua cac phuong p h ^ nhir thdng kd phan tich, so sdnh va sii dung hdm hdi quy da bidn de xdc dinh cac ydu td dnh hirdng tm miic san long ehi trd.
Dd Itrong hoa vd phan tich anh hudng cu thd cua nhung ydu td ca ban anh hudng t n ^ tidp tdi miic sdn NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2016
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
long chi trd cua cdc hd M cdi thidn chat luang mdi trudng nudc, nghidn eiiu su dung ham hdi quy de phdn tich miic dp anh hirong cua cac ydu td chinh tdi cai thidn mdi truong nuoc. Md hinh ham hdi quy tuydn tinh thd hien mdi quan hd giua bidn phu thupc miic sdn long tra (WTP) va cdc bidn ddc Mp cd dang sau:
"WTP- po + piA+p2S + p3Ed + p4W + p5Ev-HpeI-*-u.
Trong dd: "WTP la miic sdn long tra (nghin ddng/thdng); po la hd sd tu do hay he sd ehan (intercept); Pi, Pa, P3, p^, ps Id cdc he sd iing voi cac bien can iroc lupng- he sd hdi quy; S la bien gioi tinh (S= 0 Id nii, S= 1 Id nam); A Id bien the hien tudi cua chu hd; Ed Id bidn thd hien trinh dp hoc vdn (Ed= 0 tir THCS tra xudng; Ed= 1 trdn THC^; W la bien the
hidn nghe nghidp cua chu hd (neu hd ldm nghe biin W=l, khdng ldm nghe biin W= 0); I la bien thu nhap (dan vi trieu ddng/ hd); Ev la bidn danh gia nguoi dan vd anh hudng san xuat biin ddn mdi truong nuoc (Ev= 0 anh hudng, Ev= 1 it anh huong). Sai sd ngdu nhidn U; tuan theo phdn phdi ehuan vd ddc lap vdi gia tri trung binh bdng khdng, phuong sai S^.
3 . KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Thuc trang 6 nhi§m mdi trudng nudc a ldng nghd san xudt biin Khdc Nidm
Theo kdt qua phan tich cua Trung tam Quan trac Tdi nguydn vd Mdi tmdng Bdc Ninh ngay 13 ddn 18 thang 3 nam 2014 kdt qua phan tieh mdu nudc a cdng thai Tien Trong, Tien Ngoai xa Khac Niem nhu sau:
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Thdng sd pH BOD,C20»C) COD TSS Sunfua Amoni Tdng nito TdngP
Bang 2. K ^ qua d i ^ tra p h ^ tich miu nudc thai Don
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
Phtiong phdp tha TCVN 6492:2011 SMEWW5210B:2012 HACH 8000:1998 SMEWW 25400:2012 SMEWW4500-S^F:2012 HACH 8038-1998 HACH 10071-1998 TCVN 6202:2008
QCVN40:
2011/BTNMT CCB)
5,5-9 50 150 100 0,5 10 40 6
C™.(B) 5,5-9
54 162 108 0,54 10,8 43,2 6,5
Kdt qua bmh q u S n c ^ l i n
thft 6,1 603,8 1190 377,4 9.6 61,3 212,5 18,0 Nguon: Ket gua phan tich guan trac tai nguyen mdi tnrdng, tuih Bae Ninh, 2014
Ghi chri:(-): Khdng quy dinh; C^ = CxKgXKf (trong do Kg= 0,9; Kf=1,2);
Kdt qud phan tich eua Trung tam Quan trac Tai nguydn vd Md tnidng Bdc Ninh duoc Ihd hidn a bang 1 cho thdy: Hdm luong BOD5 (20°C) cao hon Quy chudn cho phep (QCCP) 11,2 lan (603,8 mg/l so vdi tidu chuan cho phep 54 mg/l); hdm lupng COD cao hon QCCP 7,3 lan (1190 mg/l so vdi tidu chuan cho phep 162 mg/I; hdm lupng TSS cao hon QCCP 3,5 ldn; ham lugng sunfua eao hon QCCP 17,8 lan (9,6 mg/I so vdi tidu chuan cho phep 0,54 mg/I); hdm lupng amoni cao han QCCP 5,7 ldn; hdm luong tdng nita cao hon QCCP 4,9 ldn. Cac chi tieu phdn tich khdc cd gid tri nam trong gioi ban cho phep theo quy chuan QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT - nudc thai cdng nghidp - gid tri C , ^ (Cdt B).
Ngudi dan Khdc Nidm hidn nay dang sdng trong mdi truong d nhidm nang nd do chinh ban than ho gay ra. Hp bidt vd nhiing nguy hai cila vide d nhidm
mdi tnrdng nudc, nhung vi nhung Ioi ich tnroc mat, sinh kd vd vide phdt tridn san xudt mdt cdch tu phdt ndn chdt lupng mdi tnrdng cua khu vuc khdng dupc quan \f. Da cd mdt vdi du an nho duoc tidn hdnh a khu vuc nham xii I;^ nudc thai, nhung vi cdng sudt qud nhd, ky thuat lac hau ndn khdng ddp iing dupc nhu cdu xii Iy. Hidn tai cdng trinh ndy dang dung do hdng hdc vd Ididng cd ngudn tdi chinh dd duy tri hoat ddng.
3.2. Thdi dd, ling xii ciia hp ddn nhdm cai thidn chat lupng mdi trudng nudc c£ia ldng nghd san xudt blin Khdc Nidm
3.2.1. Tl le so ho ddng y va khong ddng y s3n ldng chi tra
Kdt qua didu tra, phdng vdn cho thdy c6 tdi 117 hd (97,5%) ddng y sdn long chi trd de cdi thien chat lupng mdi trudng nudc. Kdt qua ndy ddnh gid nhu
KHOA HOC CdNG N G H £
cau cap thidt cua ngudi dan trong van dd ldm saeh mdi tmdng nuoc thai. Chi cd 3 hd (2,59£) khdng sdn long chi tra, Ddi vdi cdc hd khdng ddng y chi trd dd giam tiidi, da sd ly do ho dua ra la do thu nhdp qud thdp, thu nhap cua hp ehi ddp iing dupc nhung chi tidu cdn thiet, ca ban nhdt cho cupc sdng gia dinh nhu: an, udng, a vd bpc hdnh cho con cdi. Chinh vi thu nhgp thap hp chap nhan song trpng mdi trudng d nhidm. Cd mpt ti Id nhd cho rdng ngoai nguyen nhan thu nhap thap hp cd nhan thiic va quan diem rdng nhiing ngudi gay d nhidm (nhiing nha lam biin) phdi Id nhung nguoi true tidp chi tra cai tao chat lupng mdi truong. Mot ti Id it ngudi eho rang, van de ndy la vide eua Nhd nudc vd chinh quydn cd trach nhiem cdi thidn mdi huong nudc tai day.
Bdng 3. Tl Id ddng ^ vd khdng sdn ldng dli tra oia cdc ddi tupng phdng vda Chitieu
Ddngy Khdng ddng y
Tdng
Sd luong (hd) 117
3 120
Tyl«(99 97,5
2,5 100 NguSn: Tdng bap tir phieu dieu ira nam 2015 3J22. NguySn nhan ^ ly do sin Jong chi ira va
Bang 4. I ^ d o c ^ h d s S n l d n g c h i t r a Lydo
Ho sanxaatAiia Cai thien c h a t l u p n g n u d c , m d i t r u d n g
Giam b ^ n h tSA. t a o m d i t r u o n g tdt c h o c o n e m
E>dng t h e o s d d d n g n g u 6 i d a n M u d n iing h d c h o c h u o n g t r i n h cai tfai6n n a y T d t c h o m d i t r u d n g s d n g Nguai khong san xuat blin Mudn cd chat luong nudc tdt dd su dung
Nh$n th^y tam quan trpng ctta cai thidn nuoc va mdi trudng cho tuong lai
Sd lupng (hd)
60 28
13
3 8
8 57 36
21 Tyle
(%)
100 46,67
21,67
5,00 13,33
13.33 100 63,16
36,84
Ngudn: Tdng hop tir phidu didu tra nam 2015 Dd t h a y d u p c v a p h a n tich cdc nguydn nhan, ly do c a b a n c u a n g u d i d a n sdn long chi t r a c h o van 3e eai thidn m d i t n r d n g n u o c , k d t q u a t h d n g k e , k h d o
s a t voi cdc c h i tieu d a n h g i a tir n g u d i d a n d u p c p h i n tich d- b a n g 4 . B a n g 4 d u p c c h i a r a ldm 2 ddi tupDg h d , d o Id cdc h p s a n x u d t biin vd c a c h d k h d n g san x u d t blin.
T h e o k d t q u a t d n g h p p a b a n g 4, c h i i n g ta nhan thdy r d n g t r o n g sd 117 h d sdn l o n g c h i ti-a tiii cd toi 63,16% h p sdn l o n g t h a m g i a cdi t h i e n c h d t l u p n g mdi t r u d n g n u d c . Kdt q u a ndy k h a n g d m h m p t Ian niia su n g u y h a i ciia d n h i d m n u d c h i d n tai vd tinh c a p thidt c u a n h u cdu x a y d u n g m d t d u a n x u ly n u o c thai tir ldng n g h d l a m biin K h a c N i d m . Cd tdi g a n 37% sd hd CO cdi n h i n lau d a i vd s u n g u y h a i ciia ntroc g a y d n h i d m , h p c h o r d n g tirong lai s e a n h h u d n g tdi siic k h d e , sdn x u a t m d t e a c h n g h i d m t r p n g . Cdc h p san x u a t blin sdn long c h i t r d vdi ly d o m u d n cai thidn chdt l u p n g n u d c vd m d i t r u d n g nhidu h o n (46,67%).
Didu ndy cd thd d u p c ly giai r a n g e a c h d sdn xudt biin t h u d n g I i h p t r u e tidp g a y r a d n h i d m n g u d n nudc t h d n g q u a n u d c thdi tir q u d t r i n h s a n x u d t biin, chinh vi vay h p thdy trdch n h i d m m p t p h a n t r o n g vide ddng g d p dd cdi t a o c h a t l u p n g m d i t m d n g . H o n niia, cdc h d s a n xudt biin t h u d n g c d t h u n h a p d n d i n h hon.
Ngodi ra, l y d o c a c h p c i i n g m o n g m u d n giam bdt b d n h tat, t a o m d i t r u o n g t d t c h o tirong lai (21,67%).
T ^ Id s d h d m u d n iing h p c h o c h u o n g t r i n h cai thien c h d t l u p n g nxrdc v a m o n g m d i b u d n g t d t len chidm 13,33%, didu n d y chiing m i n h r d n g n g u d i d a n v i n m u d n Ihii dp d u n g cdc p h u o n g p h d p k h d e nhau, hp cd nidm tin vao c h u a n g t r i n h cdi t a o m d i t r u d n g nudc b d i tinh t h u e tidn hiru i c h c h o c h i n h c u d c s d n g ddi vdi e h i n h h p .
3.3. M t i c s i n l d n g d i i t r d c u a h p vd c&a cOng d d n g c h o c ^ f h i ^ c h a t h i p n g n u d c
3.3.1. Mac sin ldng chi tra binh qudn mgt ho cho cai thien chat luong nuoc
B d n g 5. M i i c s i n l d n g c h i t r a ciia cdc ddi t u p n g : i h o n g v ^
TT 1 2 3 4 5
Miic g i a (ddng) lO.OOO 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 T d n g
Sd l u p n g (ngudi) W T P
4 23 42 28 20 117
TJl^W
3,42 19,7 35,9 23,9 17,3 100 Nguon: Tdng hop tu phidu dieu tra nSm 2015
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2016
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE Da su dung phuang phap didu ti-a thep phuong
phdp tao dtmg thi tmdng (contingent valuation method). Theo cdch tidp can nay, ngudi nghidn eiiu cd the phong vdn tryc tidp hoae gidn tidp cac hd.
Nhimg dd tranh sai Idch khi ti^ Idi phdng van, nghidn ciiu nay da phdng vdn true tidp cdc chii hp.
Trudc khi phong vdn, nhung hinh anh d nhidm mdi trudng nudc dupe cho chti hd xem thdng qua cdc biic tranh, doan phim (clip) vd sau dd cung chinh nhiing ngudi dupc phdng van nay dupc xem nhiing biic anh hpac clip vd ngudn nuoc mat vd nuoc ngudn sgch se cd thd duac su dung de boi ldi, tdm giat Thdng qua su thd hidn cua cac biic anh, doan clip md ngiroi dupc phdng vdn so sanh cdi hon, edi lpi cua chuong trinh mang lai cho hp neu thuc hidn, tham gia ddng gdp vdo eho du an cai tao mdi trudng nudc thai.
Sau khi ngirdi ddn dupc phdng vdn dupc xem anh, xem clip, ngudi phong van da dtra cho ho mdt tap hpp cac miic gid duoc ghi trong cdc the dd ngirdi duoc phong vdn chon lua miic minh sin ldng ehi tra.
Sau khi ngudi duoc phdng vdn sdn ldng chi trd cho mdt miic gid nhdt dinh, ngudi phdng vdn se hdi 'Vdi miic gia nay dng/bd chdc ehdn sdn long chi trd bao nhidu phan trSm". Day la xae suat dd tinh sd binh quan miic sdn long chi trd eiia cac hd dan trong khu vuc ldng nghd biin Khdc Nidm. Phuong phdp ndy dupc gpi la "phdng vdn thd hien theo mdt midn gid ddi vdi hdng hda". Dd cd dupc mdt midn gid ngudi nghidn ciiu phai di didu tra thtr "pre-test" dd dua ra mdt midn gia nhdt dinh. Kdt qua phong van miic sin Idng chi tra eua cac hd dan nhdm cai thidn mdi trudng nudc d ldng biin Khde Niem duoc thd hidn a bang 5. Midn gia tii 10 ngan ddng ddn 50 ngan ddng/hp/thang. Ndu chi theo ludt cdu thi khi gid tang cau se giam, nhung trong thuc td ngudi dupe phdng van bdn cgnh vide di "mua" chdt lupng nudc sgch hon, hp cdn phdi nghi tdi trdch nhidm ciia minh cho xa hdi, eho cpng ddng ndn miic sdn ldng trd md nhidu ngirdi ddng y nhat la miie 36 nghin/ddng/hd/thdng (bdng 5).
Bdng 5 khdng chi thd hien vd lugt cdu hang hda md cdn thd hien trdch nhiem cua ngudi dan trong vide ddng gop cai tao mdi tnrdng. Kdt qud dupe thd hidn d bdng 5 cho ta mdt hdm y chinh sdeh Id ndu ehinh sach diing, hpp long dan thi hp sdn ldng ddng gdp tai chinh cho chuong trinh. Ngudi dan ben eanh van de tai chinh cdn thd hidn trdch nhiem trong chuang trinh eai thidn chat lupng mdi trudng eho cpng ddng.
3.3.2. Tdng luong san ldng chi tra cua cong ddng dan trong khu vuc
Dd uoc tinh dupc tdng miic sdn long trd cua tat ca cdc ngudi ddn trong trong ldng nghd Khac Nidm, nham xa hdi hda khau tdi chinh, chung tay vdi ngan sdeh chinh quydn cdc cap hinh thdnh mdt ngudn vdn dd xay dung du dn eai tao chat lugng ngudn nudc mpt cdch khd thi. Phuong phap suy rdng da dupc su dung de tinh tdng luong miic sdn long trd (Total willingness to pay TWTP) ciia ca cdng ddng. Su dung miic sdn ldng trd binh qudn mdt hd trong mdt nam vdi sd hd dan trong lang sdn long ehi tra cho du dn cdi tao chdt luong mdi tnrdng nudc. Kdt qua ciia phuang phdp suy rdng la tdng sd tidn ed the thu dupc cho cdi thidn mdi tnrdng nuoc ciia cdc hd trong khu vuc nghidn ciiu la 95.238.000 ddng/thang tren dia ban. Hay ndi each khdc, ngudi dan Khae Nidm sSn long chi tra cho viec cai thien ngudn nudc vdo khoang 1,14 ti ddng/nam. Kdt qua ndy cung cap cho cdc nhd quan ly phat tridn du an cai tgo mdi trudng nudc khdng ehi mot thdng tin quan trpng vd tdi ehinh md cdn cho chiing ta mpt thdng tin kha nang xa hdi hda van de tdi ehinh cdc edng trinh cdi tgo mdi tnidng. Thdng tin ndy cdn gidn tidp cung cdp eho nha quan ly mdi tmdng vd trdch nhidm ciia ngudi dan ddi vdi nhiing van dd cdng edng trong do ed chdt lupng mdi tmdng sdng eiia epng ddng.
3.4. Cdc ydu td anh hirong ddn miic sin ldng chi Nhdm nghidn cuu va phan tich mdt cdeh cu thd va Iirpng hda dupc miic do dnh hirdng cua cdc ydu td CO bdn tdi miie sdn Idng ehi tra cua cdc hd dan trong khu vue, md hinh hdi quy da bidn da dupc sii dung, kdt qua chay md hinh dupc thd hidn d' bang 6.
Kdt qua a bang 6 cho thdy md hinh phii hpp, bidn thu nhap, nghd nghiep va quan didm danh gid ciia ngudi duoc phdng vdn ve tdm quan trpng ciia vide cdi thidn mdi tmdng la 3 bidn vua ed y nghia thdng ke vita cd anh hudng ldn tdi miic sdn long chi trd cua ngudi dan nhdm giam thidu d nhidm mdi trudng nudc. Didu ndy the hien thu nhap, hidu bidt sau rdng vd mdi trudng cua ngudi dan dupc nang eao thi chat Itrpng mdi trudng dupc cdi thidn. Kdt qua nay thd hien diing quy luM Kimezt (Kimezt, Simson, 1955), khi thu nhgp ciia ngudi dan tang ldn hay ndi each khae GDP/dau ngudi tang ddng nghia vdi chat
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1 /2016
KHOA HOC CONG N G H l
lugng mdi truong tang, ti Id ngudi sdng mat ve sinh sd giam. Hdm y chinh sdch ciia ket qua nghien ciiu nay cho thdy vai trd quan trgng trong didu hanh qudn If vi md ve kinh td va mdi tnrdng, vide tang trudng va phat tridn kinh td ciia mpt dia phuang hay mpt qudc gia vdi viec cai thim ehdt lupng mdi truong song.
Bdng 6. I ^ t qua hdi quy phan tich cdc ydu td dnh huong ddn miic s5n ldng dii trd dia hd Clu lien
Intercept Tudi (A) Gidi tioh @) Trinh d d ® J ) Ngh^ nghiep (W) Danh gia (Ev) Thu nhap (D R'
Hdsd 2,464803 0,00193"
0,950261"' 0,227618"
0,2153~
O,71022""
0368308""
0,630308 tStat 2,685356 0,15429 5,825983 1,226772 3,88756 3,14833 3,633381
P-value 0,008337 0,877657 5,45E08 0,222458 0,000171 0,002101 0,000422
Ngudn tdng bep tas61i£u dbSu tranam2015 Gbi cbu: Ns M Midng c6 y ngMa tbdng ki;
*, **,*** cdyifgb^ tb^jgkS amiic 1% 5%va 10%
4 J . E & ] i i | n
Lang Dg^d tai d i e bun Khdc Niem la laog n ^ d cd trugr^ tiidng san x u ^ bun lau doi, vide i^iat trien ldng D^id tn^dn flimig nay da, dang dem lai mdt sd lupng ldn coog an v i ^ lam, thu nhdp, cai tiUeu sinh kd cua dia ngudi dan. Su phat trien cua lang n ^ i e gdp i^ian tang tniidng kinh te cho tinh Bdc Ninh. Co hon 200 ho 1am n ^ d san xuat biin trong do tap tnmg chii yeu tai cac tfa&i Tidn Tnxig, Hen Ngodi vd thdn Md (Que Son) vdi cdng suat mdi hd tii 7 ta den 1 tdn biin/ngajr. Tuy nhidn thuc trang ngudn nudc d phudng Khac Nidm dang trong tinh trang d nhidm nang, vide xii ly nudc thai Ididng tridt dd lam anh hudng khdng nhd ddn mdi trudng sdng cua ngiroi dan vd cdnh quan khu vuc. Hdm lirpng COD, BOD trong nudc thai cao gap hon 10 Idn quy chudn cho phep. Tdng lugng thai ldn ddn 5000 m^/ngdy dem dnh hudng nghidm trpng ddn siic khde vd cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan Khdc Nidm.
Miic sin long chi ti-a (WTP) trung binh cua cae ddi tupng didu tra Id 33.162 ddng/hg/thang. Trong do miic WTP cua hai ddi tupng ciia hd sdn xudt biin
vd khdng san xuat rat chdnh lech. Didu nay thd hien trdch nhidm cua cdc hd gay d nhidm, cung nhu ti-dch nhiem trong vide eai tao mdi tmdng do chinh hg gdy ra. Tdng miic sdn long chi tra cua tat cd cdc hd trong ldng Id 95,23 tiidu ddng/thdng, tirong duong vdi khodng 1,14 ti ddng/nam cho vide cdi thidn mdi tmdng.
Kdt qud phan tieh hdi quy da bidn vdi bidn phu thupc la miic sin long ehi trd va cdc bidn ddc lap khac cho chiing ta nhgn dinh rdng nang cao nhan thiic cua ngudi dan, nang cao thu nhap ciia ngudl dan, nang cao trach nhidm cua ngudi dan trong van dd bao vd mdi tmdng la rat quan trpng trong viec xa hpi hda cai thidn chat lupng mdi trudng sdng.
4.2. Khuydn nghj
Khi ban hanh chinh sach quan ly mdi tmdng cua cdc cap lidn quan cdn phdi can cii vao didu kidn thuc tidn cua cac ngudn d nhidm, khu vuc quan ly, tdp qudn, hinh thiic sd hiru, quy md san xuaL Khdng the
^ dung mdt cdch mdy mdc chinh sdch tu cap Trung uong tdi cac dia phuong vdi mpi logi ngdnh nghd, vdi mpi hinh thiic sd hiiu vd md hinh san xudt Cdn dua cac cdng cu qudn ly, chinh sdch quan ly mdi truong vao huong uoc ddi vdi cdc lang nghd.
Can quan tam tdi ngudn vdn ddng gdp ddng kd til ngudi dan Idii xdy dung cac cdng trinh cdng cdng, dac bidt Id cac cdng tiinh eai tgo mdi trudng xa hdi hda ngudn vdn ddu tu la dieu can thidt, ngudi dan sin sdng ddng gdp tdi diinh de xay dung cdc cong trinh xii iy nudc fhaL Y thiic ddng gdp con thd hidn y thiic tradi n h i ^ cua ngiroi dan vdi v & dd mdi tnrdng sdng cua craig 46ag. N ^ dua ngudi dan cac thdn tham gia vao ddng gdp tdi chmh, quan ly, dieu hanh cac cdng trinh bao vd mdi trudng.
Can ting cudng tuyen truyen, nang cao nhSn thiic cho ngudi dSn. Quy hoach Ididng gian lang nghd theo dac thu ngdnh nghd gan vdi bao vd mdi trudng.
nii^nuMinlio
1. Bde Ninh Online (2014). Bdo ddng d nhidm mdi trudng d lang biin Khac NidoL htlp.7/baobacniiih.conLvn/nevre_detail/84364/bao- dong-o-nhiem-moi-tmong-o-lang-bun-khac-nieiiLhtm.
2. Bao Bde Ninh (2013). Lang biin Khdc Nidm.
http://www.bacninh.gov.vn/dukhaeh/Trang/Dn%20 chi9&20ti%El%BA%BFt.aspx?newsid=1011&cid=ll&dt
=2013-08-15, tiny cap ngay 15/03/2015.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2016
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3. Bdo cdo tinh hinh kmh te - xa hdi cua UBND 6. UBND tinh Bdc Ninh, 2015. Bdo cdo 17/BC- phudng Khac Nidm, 2014. UBND Bdc Ninh (ngdy 9 thdng 4 nam 2015). Thuc 4. Kuznets, Simon, 1955. Economic Growfli and t^ang ldng nghd d tinh Bde Ninh vd cdc giai phap hicome hiequaUty. .4mencan Economic Review45 phat tiien ti-ong giai doan hdi nhap.
(March); 1-28. 7. Sd Tai nguydn va Mdi bTidng, 2011. Dd an 5. Udn minh nudc sach (2013). 0 nghidm tu san * ^ " *^^' ^™^ Sid miic dd anh hudng ciia o nhidm xudt blin tai Khac Nidm "^^^ tirudng Idng nghe ddn siic khde edng dong tren
, , , , , , dia ban tinh Bde Ninh.
http://ccw.vn/chi-tiet-tin/o-nhiem-nuoc-tu-san-
xuat-bun-tiii-xa-khac-niem, tiny cap ngdy 05/04/2015. ^- Yamane, T., 1967. Statisties-An inti-oductoiy Analysis. Harper and Row. New York. NY.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR IMPROVING WATER QUALITY OF HOUSEHOLDS IN KHAC NIEM NOODLE PRODUCTION VILLAGES, BAC NINH PROVINCE
Le Thi Phuong Dung, Nguyen Huu Dat, Tran Due Tliuan, TVan Thi Ly Summary
Ihere are 62 handingcratf villages m Bae Ninh province. The handicraft villages has, is and will bring significant economic benefits, employment for the rural areas of the province; these villages are including more than 14 thousand households, and attracting about 77 thousand employees. However, the villages are serious polluted cause's environmental pollution during producbon and processing. The level of water polution m Khac Niem village is more than 10 times higher than Vietnam standard. The study used CVM to investigate and multivariate regression analysis of the fectors affecting the level of willingness to pay of the people to improve the water quality. The study results showed that the average of willingness to pay is 33 thousand VND per household/per month, the equivalent of 1.14 billion VND/year of the entire population.
Analysis of fectors affecting the willmgness to pay of households showed that income, people's awareness of environmental issues are the most important factors that impact on level of willmgness to pay to setup a fund for improving enironmental quality.
Key words: Wiilingness to pay, improved water quality, handicraS:household, handicraft villages.
Ngudi phan bidn: TS. Duong Ngpc Thi Ngdy nhdn bdi: 20/7/2015 Ngdy thdng qua phan bidn: 21/8/2015 Ngdy duydt dang: 28/8/2015
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONGTHON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2016