TAP CHI UCH sir DANG 1-2020
PHONGTRAODONG KHGFI MIEN NAM 1960 Bl/dCNGOATCHIENH/gCCUA CUOCKHANG CHIEN
CHONG MY, CffUNl/gC
Dai tiring N G 6 XUAN LICH
Uy vien Bo Chink tri, Pho Bi thu Quan uy Trung u-ong. Bo truong Bo Quoc phong
Tom tat: Thang lai ciia nhan dan ta trong cupc khang chien chong thiTc dan Phap da buoc Chinh ph£i Phap phai ky Hiep djnh Gicmevo, lap lai hoa binh or Song Duong, md ra mot thcri ky phat trien m i l ciia each mang Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, do mUu do cua cac the lUc phan dong quoc te cung nhu tuang quan luc luong va tinh hinh chinh trj philc tap ciia the gidi liic do, nen nuoic ta tam thdi bj chia cat lam hai mien v i i hai che do chinh tri-xa hoi khac nhau. 6 mien Nam, loi dung that bai va nhiing kho khan ciia Phap, de quae My da nhanh chong diTng len chi'nh quyen tay sai, ngang nhien pha bo Hiep djnh Gianevo hong chia cat lau dai nUdc ta, bien mien Nam thanh thuoc dja kieu mdi, tao phong tuyen ngan chan anh htfing cua chO nghia xa hoi va phong trao each mang tran xuong Dong Nam A.
Tinh the each mang mien Nam dat ra cho Dang mot yeu eau bile thiet la phai vach ra dudng loi lanh dao diing, phii hpp vdi thUe tien dat nude va xu the thdi dai de dua each mang ca nude tien len. Tren cd sd phan tich, danh gia diing tinh hinh quoc te va trong nirdc, ket hpp vdi kinh nghiem lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Dang da lanh dao nhan dan mien Nam tien hanh phong trao Ddng khdi gianh thang Idi, tao ra bude ngoat chien lupe ciia cuoe khang ehien chong My, cilu nudc.
Tir khoa: Phong trao Ddng khdi, bUde ngoat; khang chien chong My, ciiu nUdc
1 . Phong trao Dong khdi mien Nam • hien thuc hoa birdc chuyen chien Itrorc dUdc xac djnh trongNghjquyetHpinghjIanthiirlScuafiJng Sau khi thiSt lap dugc chinh quyen tay sai a mign Nam Viet Nam, My-Diem thi hanh quoc sach "t6 cong, diet cong", Luat 10/59, lap khu tm mat, khu dmh dien, d6n dan vao cac khu tap trung dl dan ap phong trao yeu nuac, xoa bo cac CO so each mang cua nhan dan ta. Cach mang mi6n Nam bj diy vao tmh the kho khan chua timg th jy. Hanh dong tan bao ciia ke thii da thoi bung ngon liia cam thii khip hai miSn Nam-Bac.
Cac cuQC dau tranh chong "to cong, diet cong", doi dan sinh, dan chii, thong nhat To quoc 6f mi6n Nam dien ra lien tue voi so lirgt nguoi tham gia ngay cEing tang, lam lung lay che do doc tai, tay sai Ngo Dinh Diem. Tuy nhien, do nhung kho khan ciia mien Bac sau giai phong, cung voi xu the hoa hoan giira cac cuong quoc thi gioi tac dong dSn viec hoach dinh duong I6i each mang Viet Nam o miSn Nam.
Sau mot thoi gian nghien cuu tinh hinh va ke thira cac quan diem ve duong loi each mang mien Nam trong cac ky hpi nghi truoc do, thang
KT NItM 60 NAM PHONG TRAO DONG KHdl (17-1-1960 -17-1-2020)
1-1959, HNTU" 15 khoa II cua Dang da vach ra duong loi, phuong phap each mang mien Nam. Nghi quyet xac dinh: Nhiem vu ea ban eua each mang mien Nam la "giai phdng mien Nam khdi ach thong tri eiia de qude va phong kien, thue hien doc lap dan tpc va ngudi cay ed mpng, hoan thanh each mang dan toe dan chii nhan dan d mien Nam, xay dimg mot nudc Viet Nam hda binh, thong nhat, doc lap, dan chu va giau manh"'. Ve phuang phap each mang, Nghi quyet chi to: "Con dudng phat trien co ban cua each mang Viet Nam d mien Nam la khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan"^. HNTU" 15 cua Dang eung nhan dinh kha nang phat trien cua tinh hirJi: " D I qude My la de qude hilu chien nhat, cho nen trong nhung dieu kien nao do, cupc khdi nghia eua nhan dan mien Nam Cling cd kha nang chuyen thanh cupc dau tranh vu trang truong ky... va thang Ipi cudi cung nhat dinh ve ta"^.
Nhiing quan diem cua Nghi quylt 15 tao ra bude ngoat chien lupc ve dudng l6i, phuong phap each mang miSn Nam. Dupe anh sang Nghi quySt 15 soi dudng, phong hio dau ttanh ciia nhan dan mi8n Nam von da am i, don nen, nay bung nd du dpi va ngay cang Ian rpng, dang cao bing nhiiu hinh thiic, diln ra manh me tiieo phuang cham "hai chan, ba miii", vdi su phoi hpp nhip nhang giiia luc lupng chinh tri va lue lupng vu trang, giiia chmh hi, quan su va binh van, dap tan tung mang Ion bp may chtnh quyen tay sai d eo sd, gianh quySn lam ehii hang nghin xa, tiidn, giai phdng khoang 5,6 hieu dan khdi ach ap biic, khn kep cua dich,
Phong trao Ddng khdi chinh la bieu hien cu thi, sinh dpng cua sir van dung sang tao Nghi quylt 15 vao tiiuc tiln diu ttanh cua cac cap uy Dang va nhan dan miln Nam. Thing Ipi cua phong trao lam xoay chuyin tmh thi, dua each
maig thoat khdi the hiem ngheo, md dudng cho each mang mien Nam tien len, tao tien de quan trpng cho quan va dan ta danh bai cac chien lupc quan su ciia My trong nhiing nam tiep theo cua cupc khang chien.
Thang Ipi eua phong hao Ddng khdi chiing minh su chuyen hudng ve dudng loi, phuong phap each mang dupe xac djnh trong Nghi quyet 15 cua Dang la hoan toan diing, de lai bai hoc quy trong su nghiep bao ve To qude hien nay.
Do la, phai quan triet, thue hien nghiem tiie, hieu qua cac quan diem, phuong cham chi dao cua Dang ve bao ve To qude, eong tac quan su-qude phdng lam dinh hudng thue hien "kien quylt, kien hi diu h^anh bao ve viing chac doe lap, chii quyen, thong nhat va toan ven lanh thd qude gia, bao dam on dinh chinh tri-xa hpi va mdi trudng hda binh dl xay dung, bao ve dit nudc"^. Cae dja phuang va don vi trong toan quan can tap hung quan hiet va thue hien tii&ig Ipi Chien luge bdo ve To quoc trong tinh hinh moi; Chien luge Quoc phdng Viet Nam; Chien luge Quan su Viet Nam... Trong qua hinh thue hien, can thong hhk nhan thue vl mot sd quan diem chi dao co ban, xuyen sudt cua Dang la: Giu viing sir lanh dao tuyet ddi, true tiep ve mpi mat eua Dang doi vdi sir nghiep bao ve Td quoc; kien dinh muc tieu doc lap dan tpc g5n vdi CNXH; ket hpp chat ehe hai nhiem vu chien luoc xay dung va bao ve Td qude; xay dung sue manh tdng hpp ciia dat nudc v6 chinh tri, tu tudng, kinh te, xa hpi, van hda, qude phdng, an ninh, ddi ngoai; quan hiet dudng Idi doe lap, tu ehu, ddng tiidi chu dpng, tich cue hpi nhap qude tl; van dung diing dan quan diem vl ddi tac, doi tupng... lam dmh hudng xay dung Quan dpi, tiing dan vi viing manh toan dien, lay xay dung viing manh ve chinh hi lam ca sd, san sang chiln dau va ehiln dSu tiling loi ffong mpi tinh hudng.
I I TAP CHI UCH SiifOANG 1-2020
2. Phong trao Dong khdi the hien nghe thuat md dau chien tranh gi^i phong ciia B^ng, chuyen each mang mien Nam tir the giii' gin luc luofng sang the tien cong
Trong dilu kien each mang mifo Nam gap nhieu kho khan, luc luong bi t6n thit do chinh quyen tay sai Sai Gon khung bo, dan ap kh jp noi;
cac nuoc xa hpi chu nghia (nhit la Lien X6, Tmng Quoc) chua d6ng thuan ung ho nuoc ta tiki len khoi nghla, thi viec chi dao each mang mijn Nam mo diu chien tranh bang phong trao Dong khoi gianh chinh quyen vh tay nhan dan la mot quySt djnh het site sang suot cua Dang. Quyet dinh do bao dam phu hop voi duong 16i each mang Viet Nam dupe xac dinh hong Nghi quySt 15, dap ling dupe nguyen vpng chay bong gianh doc lap, th6ng nh4t To quoc ciia dan tpc Viet Nam noi chung, nguyen vpng cua nhan dan, can bp, chien si mi&i Nam noi rieng. Dong thoi, bao dam cho Dang giir vimg tu chu, tranh dupe ap dat tu ben ngoai, nh4t la ddi \6i chii truong chuyen huong chi dao chien lupc each mang mien Nam, ngan chan khong it ke thu tao CO leo thang chien tranh, bao ve dupe thanh qua each mang o mien Bac va tranh thu dupe su dong tinh, ung ho cua nhan dan tien bo tren thi gioi ddi vdi su nghiep khang chien chong My, ciru nudc ciia nhan dan ta. Trong lanh dao nhan dan noi day.
Dang da co chu truong, duong Idi diing, sach lupc mem deo, tich cue ehuan bj xay dung co sd va lire lupng d cac dia ban xa mien Bac, ket hpp chat che giiia diu tranh chinh tri cua quan chiing cd su hd trp die luc ciia cac luc lupng vii trang dja phuang vdi hinh thiic dau tranh vira bi mat vira hpp phap cong khai, bao dam cho phong hao Ddng khdi gianh thing Ipi. Tren ca sd dd, tao da phat huy siic manh tdng hpp, timg bude danh bai dich, tifin len gianh thing Ipi hoan toan.
Quan ttiet chu tmang, phuang phap khdi nghia vu trang va chien tranh each mang dupe
xac djnh hong Nghi quySt 15, nhan dan mien Nam tien hanh Dong khdi gianh thang loi, dua each mang mien Nam tir the giu gin lire lupng chuyen sang the tien cong. Vdi su sang tao, chii ddng cua cac cap uy dang dia phuang, phong trao Ddng khdi d mien Nam thu hiit ddng dao cac tang Idp nhan dan tham gia, pha tan mot mang Idn chinh quyen tay sai d cap co sd, thiet lap va Cling co chinh quyen each mang cua nhan dan. Thang Ipi dd tao tien de quan trpng cho phong ttao each mang mien Nam phat triSn len tam cao mdi, tir khdi nghla hmg phin thanh chien tranh each mang, chien tranh giai phdng.
Ke djch tir the chii dpng chuyen thanh bj ddng ve chien luoc, liing tung ddi phd vdi phong trao each mang. Day la mdc quan hpng cua each mang mien Nam, tao ra dieu kien va ca sd viing chic de quan va dan ta tiSn len danh thing chien luoc "Chien tranh dac biet" ciia de qude My, md m mot thdi ky phat trien mdi ciia each mang miSn Nam-thdi ky tiSn cong lien tue, manh me vao cac chien luac, chien thuat ciia d l qude My va chinh quyen Sai Gdn-nhim tieu hao, tieu di$t smh luc dich, phat trien luc lupng ciia ta, dua each mang miSn Nam timg buoc tien len. Danh gia buoc chuyen mmh cua each mang mijn Nam sau phong trao Ddng khdi, ddng chi Le Duin, Bi thu thir nhat Ban Chip hanh Trung uang Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam (nay lit Dang C&ig san Vi$t Nam), khang djnh: "Nhung cupc Dong khdi nd ra trong thdi gian nay danh diu mot buoc nhay vpt quan trpng, chuyen each mang mien Nam sang the tien cong, phat trien cao trao each mang ra khip mien, vdi su k6t hpp ca hai hmh tiiiic diu ti-anh chmh trj va dau tianh quan sv"'.
Trong dieu kien hien nay, chu nghia ik qude va cac the lire thii dich van dang rao ri6t thue hien chien lupc "Dien bien hda hmh", kich dpng chia re dan tpc, ton giao, c6 vii, hau ttiuin ly khai.
M NftM 60 NAM PHONG TRAO D 6 N G KHdl (17-1-1960 -17-1-2020)
tu hi, khi cd dieu kien, chiing cd the can tiiiep true tiep bang quan sir de lat do che dp xa hpi chu nghia d nudc ta. Bai hpc ve nghe tiiuat md d4u chiln tranh each mang, chuyen each mang sang the tien cong nit ra hi phong hao Ddng khdi vIn cdn nguyen gia tri. Neu phai tien hanh chiln tranh chmh nghia bao ve Td qude, Quan dpi c4n nghien cuu nSm chac tinh hmh, tham muu cho D^g, Nha nudc ve chu truong, dudng loi, sach lupc lanh dao, chi dao md dau ehien tranh d the ed loi nhat; ket hpp chat che cac phuong phap, luc luong dau tranh, phat huy siic manh tdng hpp ciia ca nudc de bao ve vung chac Td quoc. Ddng thdi quan triet sau sac tu tudng tien cong khong ngung, gianh quyen chii ddng d eae cap chien lupc, chien dich, chien thuat, ket hpp van dung Imh boat, hieu qua cac yeu td "the, lire, tiidi, muu", thyc hien lay "nhd thang Idn, it dich nhieu", danh bai timg bp phan dich, gianh tiling Ipi tung bude tien tdi danh bai hoan toan quan dich, gianh thang Ipi quyet dinh.
3. Phong trao Oong khdi mien Nam lam that bai mot hinh thvtc thong trj dien hinh cDa chd nghia thUc dan Itieu mdi cua de quoc My^ day chinh quyen Sai Gon vao cuoe khijng hodng sau sJC/toan dien
Dudi su lanh dao cua eae dang bp dia phuang, nhan dan miln Nam cd su hd tra ciia lue lupng vii trang ddng loat noi day dau ttmih diet ac pha kim, pha khu tiTi mat, gianh quyin lam ehii nhieu xa, 4p, ehdng dich can quet, ddn dan... Bang nhiing hinh thiic va quy md lire lupng d4u tt^nh phii hpp vdi dilu kien cu thi cua tiing dia phuang, phong trao Ddng khdi nam 1960 md Sai bang cupc ddu tranh chinh tri quy md Idn d Ben Tre, sau dd la eude tiln cong quan su tieu diet can cii Tua Hai cua djch h ^ dia ban Tay Ninh nhanh chdng Ian rpng ra khap cac tinh Nam Bp. Bp
may chinh quyen cua dich d xa, ap-co sd cua che dp thong tri thue dan mdi, noi yeu nhat ttong he tiiong chinh quyen dich-bi tan ra hoae mat hieu luc. Chinh quyen hr quan eua nhan dan ra ddi, tu giai quyet nhiing cdng viee d ndng thdn, nhung van su dung the hpp phap de dau ttanh vdi dich, bao ve quyen lam chu, hd ttp cho dau ttanh vii hang. Den cudi nam 1960, chinh quyen tu quan cila nhan dan dupe thanh lap d gan 1.400 xa, chiem ty le tten 50% sd xa do chmh quyen tay sai Sai Gon dung len d co sd. Viing giai phdng hinh tiianh va ngay cang md rpng, ndi lien tir Tay Nguyen den mien Tay Nam Bp va ddng bang Lien khu V. Chinh sach "cai each dien dia" cua chinh quyen tay sai bi tiiat bai, 2/3 sd rudng dat (khoang 17 van heeta) bi My va chinh quyen Sai Gon eudp, nay ttd ve tay nhan dan. Thang Ipi vT dai ciia Phong ttao Ddng khdi pha vd tiing mang Idn d viing ndng thdn, "giang mot ddn bat ngd vao chien lupc Aixenhao, lam that bai mot hinh thiie thdng tri dien hmh ciia chu nghaa thue dan mdi ciia My"^ da hao tien, tdn ciia dl dimg len d mien Nam Viet Nam.
Cupc noi day tai cho, manh me, ddng loat cua nhan dan ta d mien Nam da lam cho de qude My va chmh quyen Sai Gon hit sue bat ngd (chiing dl phdng mot cupc tien cdng quan su tir mien B4e). Chinh quyen Sai Gon bi day vao eude khung hoang sau sac, toan dien vdi nhung mau tiiuln npi bp ngay cang gay gat. Chi ttong mot tiidi gian ngSn, 60 tinh hudng, tinh phd, 100 quan trudng bi thay the hoac chuyen viing. Nhiing cupc dao chinh, phan dao chinh thanh tning Ian nhau diln ra lien tue lam cho chinh quyen ttung uong Sai Gdn ludn ttong ttang thai m4t on dinh.
Sau phong trao Ddng khdi, tiie chien lupe eiia My, chinh quyen Sai Gdn d mien Nam bi dao Ion, hi cho tap trung lire lupng chu ddng md cac eude can quet, danh pha quyet Het, tham chi cd
TAPCHfL!CHSlJf|)ANGV2020
liic hd hao "Lap sdng Bin Hai", "BSc tiln", nay bi day vao the liing tiing, bi ddng ddi phd, phai ddn luc lupng ve chdng dd, bao ve chinh quyin CO sd d khap mpi noi.
That bai cua de qude My va chi dp doe tai Ngd EMnh Diem ttong thilt lap bo may cai tri dien hinh eua chu nghia thue dan kilu mdi d mien Nam Viet Nam, eung vdi nhiing mau tiiuan nghiem ttong ttong gidi chop bu cua chinh quyen tay sai Sai Gdn lam bde Id mat yeu co ban cua My-Diem ve chinh tti, tmh tiiiln, bao hieu su sup dd t4t ylu ciia che dp chinh tti Sai Gdn, la nguyen nhan true tiep bude dich phai chuyen chiln lupc sang "Chien tranh dac biet" ttong the bi ddng. Nhiing tiiat bai cua dich ttong va sau phong ttao Ddng khdi lam thay ddi ehien lupe ve tuong quan, so sanh lire lupng giua ta-dich theo hudng ed loi cho ta, ddng thdi cung cap them luan chiing thue tien khang dinh dudng loi lanh dao diing dan ciia Dang, la dieu kien, ea sd quan ttpng de Dang tiep tue lanh dao thue hien phuang cham ket hpp chinh tti, quan su vdi binh van ttong diu ttanh, dua each mang mien Nam den toan thing.
Thing Ipi cua phong ttao Ddng khdi da chiing minh kha nang danh gia tmh hinh nhay ben, sang sudt ciia Dang, tir dd phat huy dupe siic manh cua eude chien ttanh each mang chinh nghia, sue manh vd dich ciia quan chiing nhan dan danh diing chd yeu nhdt ciia dich (ve chinh hi, tmh tiidn; he thdng chmh quyIn ciia dich d viing ndng thdn), danh bai hmh thiie tiiong tri kilu mdi eua My d mien Nam. Trong dieu kien mdi, bai hpc nit ra tu phong ttao Ddng khdi van cdn nguyen gia tti. Dd la, phai danh gia diing tmh hinh mpi mat, phat huy dupe diem manh ciia ta, khoet sau dilm ylu ciia dich de thue hien thing loi nhiem vu bao ve Td qude. Hien nay, sir nghiep xay dung va bao ve Td qude cd nhieu
thuan Ipi, nhung ciing khong it khd khan, nhat la viec ddi tirpng tac chien eua Quan dpi ed tiem lire kinh te, quan su manh. De bao ve viing chac Td qude, cap ehien lupe can quan tam lam tdt cdng tac ehuan bi mpi mat ngay tir tiidi bmh; khi cd tuih hudng chien ttanh xay ra phai giuong cao ngpn cd chmh nghia, phat huy uu the tuyet ddi vl chinh tri tmh than, bmh tiiih, sang sudt danh gia diing tinh hinh, nhan dinh ro tiiuan Ipi, khd khan ciia tinh tiie each mang dl cd nhiing quyet sach phii hpp. Ddi vdi Quan dpi, phai can eii tinh hmh cu the de tiep tue phdi hpp chat che vdi cac luc lupng, chii dpng xu ly hieu qua eae tmh hudng bao ve ehii quyen lanh thd tten bp, tten bien, tten khdng va khdng gian mang, bao dam giii vung ehii quyen quoc gia, phii hpp luat phap quoc te. Qua ttinh tac ehien, phai phat huy tdi da kha nang, sd trudng cua ta, khai thac kho khan, bat Ipi ciia dich de thue hien nhung ddn tien eong vao mat (noi) yeu nhat, day chiing vao the bi dpng, gianh thang Ipi timg bude, tien len gianh thang loi hoan toan.
4. Thang Itfi ciia phong trao Dong khdi tao ra sure manh mdi cho each mang mien Nam
Nhiing bien phap, thii doan tan bao nham ttiet pha eo sd each mang, giet hai ngudi yeu nudc ma My-Diem tien hanh trudc khi phong ttao Ddng khdi dien ra da gay cho each mang mien Nam tdn that nang ne. O nhieu dia phuang, nhu:
Quang Nam, Sai Gdn-Chp Ldn, Gia Dinh, Tay Ninh, My Tho (nhiing dia phuang bi tdn that ldn nhat do chinh sach khung bd eua dich), nhilu dang bp, chi bp co sd bj xda sd, dang vien bj dich bit va gilt gin hit. Udc tinh ttong vdng 4 nam (tir nam 1955 din nam 1958) d miln Nam, cd
"9/10 sd can bp, dang vien da bi tdn thit. Rieng Nam Bp ehi cdn 5.000 dang vien so vdi 60.000 dang vien ttude dd. 6 ddng bang Lien khu V, cd
•VI niL^ 60 NAM PHONG TRAO DONG KHOI (17-1-1960 -17-1-2020)
khoang 40% tinh uy vien, 60% huyen liy vien, 70% chi uy vien bi dich gilt hai, 12 huyen khdng cdn ca sd dang"l Sy tdn tiiit to ldn ciia ta vl td chiic dang, sd lupng dang vien d eae dia phuong mien Nam, eiing vdi thue ttang ta "bi tting" vl chmh quyen, luc lupng vu ttang (do chip hanh nghiem quy dinh tap kit lire lupng theo Hiep dinh Gioneva trudc dd), dat ra yeu ciu cip thilt ve xay dung, phat trien luc lupng dl tiln hanh thang Ipi each mang d mien Nam.
Trudc tinh hinh dd. Dang chi dao: "Phai tich cue xay dung, ciing cd va phat ttien luc lupng each mmg, thi mdi ed thi cd dieu kien nim liy thdi CO thuan Ipi va gianh lay thing Ipi eudi eiing"^. Su chi dao kip thdi, sang sudt cua Dang, cung vdi thing loi cua phong ttao Ddng khdi da tao dieu kien cho cac luc lupng each mang dupe khdi phue manh me. Trong va sau phong trao Ddng khdi, cdng tac xay dung, khdi phue td chiic dang, phat trien dang vien d cac dang bp dupe tien hanh khan ttuong. Hang nghm chd bp da dupe khdi phue, phat trien d tat ca dang bp mien Tay, mien Trung va mien Ddng Nam Bp...
Sd lupng dang vien, tang nhanh, "tu 7.641 dang vien cudi nam 1959, den cudi nam 1960 da tang len 12.946 dang vien (chua ke khu Sai Gdn-Gia Dinh)"^. Su khdi phue, phat trien manh me ve sd lupng, chat lupng cac td chiic dang da nang cao sire manh lanh dao, tao chuyen bien toan dien, dpng lire mdi cho eae luc lupng cMnh tti, quan sy mien Nam phat trien.
Trong phong trao Ddng khdi, tinh tiiin va khi till each mang cua quan chiing len cao, lye lupng each mang phat trien nhanh chdng. Cac doan the each mang ciia ndng dan, cdng nhan, tiianh nien, phu nil phat ttien manh, lam eo sd cho viec hinh tiianh cac dpi quan chinh tti dau ttanh cd hieu qua chdng lai nhiing cupc can quet, khung bd ciia My-ehinh quyen Sai Gdn. Luc lupng chmh tri
quan chung khdng chi ddng vai ttd chu yeu ttong phong ttao dau ttanh ma cdn phat huy tac dung to ldn ttong viec giii viing va phat ttien nhung thang Ipi da gianh dupe sau Ddng khdi. Cung tir ttong thue tien dau ttanh, lue lupng vii ttang ba tiiii quan (bd dpi ehu lue, bd dpi dia phuang, dpi ttr ve, du kich) hinh tiianh va phat ttien. Cac tinh, huyen deu ed lye lupng vii trang tap trung;
thdn, xa, ap deu ed dpi tu ve, du kich: "d mien Ddng Nam Bp, da xay dyng dupe 40 ttung dpi tap trung va 60 dpi ttr ve vu ttang; mien Trung Nam Bp cd 36 trung dpi va 68 dpi ty ve xa; mien Tay Nam Bd xay dyng dupe 37 ttung dpi va 150 dpi tu ve xa"'^, hd ttp hieu qua cho dau tranh chinh tri.
Sy ldn manh ciia phong ttao diu tt-anh each mang, sy ttudng tiianh nhanh ehdng cua lye lupng chinh tri, luc lupng vii trang sau phong ttao Ddng khdi la ea sd quan ttpng cho Mat tran Dan tpc giai phdng mien Nam W t Nam ra ddi. Ngay 20-12- 1960, tai xa Tan Lap, huyen Chau Thanh, ttong vimg can eii Tay Nmh, Dai hpi dai bieu qude dan mien Nam hpp va quyet dinh thanh lap Mat tran Dan tpc giai phdng mien Nam \^et Nam. Dal hpi thdng qua Tuyen ngdn va Chuong trinh hanh ddng ciia Mat tran vdi npi dung co ban la doan kit tit ea cae ting Idp nhan dan, khdng phan biet xu hudng chinh tti de diu ttanh danh do ach thdng tri ciia de qude My va ehe dp ddc tai Ngd Dinh Diem, thue hien ddc lap, dan chu, hda binh, trung lap, tien tdi hda binh tiidng nhat dat nudc. Sy ra ddi ciia Mat ttan Dan tpc Giai phdng mien Nam la mot thing loi ldn. Tir day, each mang mien Nam cd mot td chuc chinh tti chinh thiic de tap hpp lye lupng, quy tu, phat huy siic manh cua cac tang lop nhan dan trong eude dau tranh gianh ddc lap, tu do, thdng nhit Td qude.
De lanh dao thanh cdng viec xay dung, khdi phue va phat trien lye lupng ttong dieu kien
TAP CHI LICH SaDANGI-2020
each mang bi tdn that nang ne. Dang da dya vao nhan dan, lanh dao va phat ddng nhan dan ndi day ddng loat gianh quyen lam ehu d ndng tiidn, tao dieu ki?n cho nhung nhan td tich cue cua lye lupng each mang trong quan chiing phat ttien manh me, tao nen sue mgnh mdi cho each mang mien Nam. Trong tinh hmh mdi, nhiem vu bao ve Td qude dang d$t ra nhiing yeu eau (^o, nhat la yeu eau bao ve Td qiwc tii sdm, tir xa, khdng de bi dpng, bat ngd. Thyc hi?n yeu eau dd, Qmn doi can "tich eye, chii dpng cfauan bi luc lupng du manh va cac kl hoach, phuang an tac chien cu the, khoa hpc, saa s&ng bao ve viing chac ddc lap, chu quyen, thdng nhit, toan v?n lanh thd va an ninh cua Td qude trong mpi tinh hudng"".
Phat huy gia tri bai hpc ve xay dung h;c lupng ttong phor^ trao E)dng khdi, eae ea quan, dan vi can tap trung nang cao nang lye lanh dao, chi huy ciia cap uy, td chiic dang, ngudi ehi huy va nang cao chit lupng huan luy^, san sang chien diu. Tap trung mpi nguQn lye xay dyng "the tran qude phdng toan dan gin ket chat che vdi flie ttan an nmh nhan dan"'^. Tang eucmg phdi hpp giiia lye lupng vii trang vdi cac ca quan dan chinh dang, td chuc, doan the chinh tri-xa hpi va nhan dan ttong khu vyc i^dng thji ttSn tumg dia ban, hudng chien lupc; giiia cae lye lupng luc quan, hii quan, phdng khdng-khdng quan vdi iyc luong tac chien khdng gian mang; lam tdt cdng tac dan van, chii trpng "xay dyng thi ttan Idng dan, t^o nin tang vung chic xay dung nin quoc phdng toan dan"'\ phat huy siic manh tdng hpp ciia khdi dai doan ket toan dan tpc ttong sy nghiep xay dyng va bao v? Td qude.
Th3ng Ipi cua phong trio Ddng khdi da tao ra bude ngo^t chiln lupc ttong eude khang chiln chdng My, eiiu nudc. Dd la kit qua ciia su ehuyen hudng dudng Idi, phuong phap edeh mang diing din ciia Dang. Tvr jdiong ttio Ddng khdi, each
mang mien Nam chuyin sang thi tien cdng vdi cae lye lupng dupe xay dung khin ttuong, tiing bude ldn m^nh, duong diu va danh bai cac chiln lupc quan sy cua My nhung nam tiep theo cua eude khang chiln, tiln tdi gianh thing loi hoan toan, giai phdng mien Nam, tiidng nhat dat nudc.
Ky niem 60 nam phong trao Ddng khdi gianh thang loi la dip de toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan ta dn lai tmyen tiidng hao himg cua dan t^c.
Ddng thdi nhan thiic sau sac hon ve tinh diing din, each mang, khoa hpc cua Dang ttong lanh dao, chi dao thyc hien chii truang chien lupc, sach lupe, phuang phap each mang va eae gia tri to ldn eiia phong trao Ddng khdi mien Nam ttong cupc khang chien chdng My, ciiu nudc.
Nhiing bai hpc quy nit ra tir phong trao Dong khdi van eon nguySn gia hi, can nghien ciiu nghiem hie, van dung sang tao vao sy nghiep xay dyng va bao ve Td qude hien nay.
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4,11,12,13 DangCpi^sanVi^Nam: VanMenDodhQi dai bieu torn quoc l^ thit M,\m-^b^lxv!a%\jm%Bsr%
H,2016,tr.312,150,146,149
5.\^T)[:kn: Dual Id cove vang ciia E>mg,vi doc lap, tu do, vi chu nghia xd hoi. tien l&i gianh nhimg didng loi mai, Nxb Sir that, H, 1972,11.53
6. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van hen Ddng Todn t^, Nxb CTQG, H, 2004, T 34, tr. 214
7,\().Phong1rdoDSig/dm-50iidmnhinlgi.hhi)CTQG, H,2010,tF.7,52
9. Tink hinh Nam Bo tic sau hod binh lap lai den nay (10-1961), Tai li?u hm tai Vi?n Lich su Dang, Hoc vien Chinh tri qu6c gia Ho Chi Minh.