Vo Anh Tudn. Quan diim cua Jiddu Krishnamurtiyji:,
©2020 Vi|n Nghien ci>u An Do va Tay Nam A T3P chi Nghien ci>u An D5 va Chiu A So 2 (87), thang 2-2020 http://viiEas.vas5 gov.vn ISSN 0866-7314
Quan diem cua Jiddu Krishnamurti ve cac dac trung cua nen giao due chan chinh
Vd Anh Tudn^
NCS. Hgc vien Khoa hoc xa hdi
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 24/9/2019, ngdy gin phdn bien: 10/12/2019, ngdy duyel dang- 10/01/2020
l^rishnamurti (1895-1986) la mot trong nhicng nhd gido due duang dgi cd dnh hu&ng lan J . V . den the he tre khdp nai tren the gi&i. Ong de cao vai trd nhdn bdn cita gido due, xem do Id con duang hu&ng t&i su hieu biet todn dien ve cudc sdng vd khoi day tri thdng minh ciia con ngu&i. Trong phgm vi cita bdi viet ndy, tdc gid de cap den cdc dgc trimg ciia nen gido due chan chinh; do Id nhdng thay ddi ve phuang phdp vd ndi dung trong gido due nhdm kiin tao nen mdt nen gido due m&i, diing ddn vdphu hgp han doi vai nguai hgc.
Tir khda: Krishnamurti, gia trj nhan van, trigt ly giao dye Mffdau
Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) la mpt tac gia va nha dien thuygt ndi tigng ve cac van de triet hgc va tinh than ciia An Do. Ong la mgt nha trigt hpc nhan sinh. Toan bd suy tu triet ly ciia dng deu danh cho con ngudi, hudng tim phuong thiic dg con ngudi cd the sdng mdt cudc ddi ty do, hanh phiic loan ven. Tir gde do ay, cd the khang dinh, triet ly giao dye ciia Krishnamurti khong chi phan anh chan thyc trang hudng ton tai ciia con ngudi trong xa hdi hien dai, phg phan sy phien dien cua ngn giao due hien hanh, ma con de xuat trien vgng ciia mpt nen giao due mdi ma dng gpi la nen giao dye chan chinh mang tinh nhan van sau sac.
1. Phe phan nen giao due co truyen
Trong quan diem ciia Krishnamurti, nen giao dye hien tai khdng giiip nhan thirc ban chat va gia trj cua con ngudi ma chi nham dap iing nhu cau cudc song, "giao due ngay nay la mdt that bai hoan toan" (Krishnamurti, J., 2005, tr.l47). Krishnamurti nhan thay: "Cai ldi giao due theo quy udc xa hpi lam cho tu duy mang tinh dpc lap cdn khd han lay sao tren trdi. Giao due hay dao tao de thich nghi vdi tap quan, tiic rap khudn bat chudc, ddn den chat lugng cudc sdng tdm thudng xoangxTnh" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.23). Viec ap dat nhung chuan myc va cac quy udc xa hdi vao mdi con ngudi da danh mdt tuduy, kha nang sang tao va nhung gia trj dich thyc ciia cudc song.
Nghien cim An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.38-44 38
VoAnh Tudn. Quan diem eiia Jiddu Krishnamurti vi...
Truyen day kign thirc nhung lai thigu sang tao va khong danh thii'c dugc tiem lyc ben trong moi con ngudi. Con ngudi chi biet dgn ndi dung trong sach vd ma khdng cd kha nang sang tao phat trien cho ban than va xa hgi. Loi giao due theo quy udc ciia xa hdi da lam con ngudi mat di kha nang thau higu chinh ban than minh, thau hieu cudc s6ng va y nghta thyc sy ciia cudc sdng nay.
Con ngudi mai loay hoay di tim gia tri song trong vdng trdn djnh sSn ciia nhung quy udc va ton tai xa hdi.
Krishnamurti cho rang tir khi hpc sinh cdn nhd, cha me chd che, tranh cho con nhung tdn thuang vg the xac va tinh than, rdi lai dg con minh vao nhung khudn mau dinh sin ciia loi giao due truygn thdng va nhiing ap dat tir chinh cac bac phy huynh. Dd la cudc song ciia chinh nhu'ng bac phy huynh chii khdng phai ciia ngudi hgc; la udc mudn, la y dinh va dye vgng ciia chinh cac bac phu huynh. Hg khdng hieu va dudng nhu khdng mudn higu nhii'ng dua con can gi va mudn gi;
khong quan tam dgn tam tu, suy nghT va mong mudn phat trign ciia ban than ngudi hgc. Ngn giao due truygn thdng dang dua con ngudi dgn mdt xa hdi khudn dinh san, mdt xa hdi vdi nhung quy tac va con ngudi nhu nhung "cd may" dang kigm tim mdt hanh phuc thyc sy cho ban than. Vdi Krishnamurti, viec hpc sinh den tru'dng chi la mong mudn ciia bd me va den trudng chi nham hpc mpt ky nang hay ky thuat ciia mgt nghe nao dd de sau nay kiem cai an ma thdi. Giao dye chi truyen day kien thiic ban dau, trong khi cuge sdng lai dien ra sdng ddng han va nhieu dieu bat ngd hon. Phuang thii'c va each thii'c giao dye nay qua lac hau, qua cu ky va khdng giiip con ngudi ton tai dupc sau khi bude vao cuge sdng. Vice qua chii trgng vao ngi dung, vao kien thuc da danh mdt kha nang iing phd vdn cd trong tiem thiic moi con ngudi. Vay nen, nhung kien thii'c truyen day trong tru'dng hgc se la ddng tan tro, va khdng thg trd thanh vii khi cho con ngudi doi tra vdi thg gidi ben ngoai. Digu can thigt d day la phai cd kien thiic va phai cd higu bigt cudc sdng, dac biet la phai cd tam hdn; do la sy hpi tu cua ca ba yeu td trong mdi ca nhan giiip con ngudi ton tai trong xa hdi.
Chiing ta khdng the phu nhan gia trj ciia ky nang va ky thuat ddi vdi ngudi hgc vl nd tac dgng tryc tiep den cdng viec, nhung theo Krishnamurti, do chi "thudc hang thir ygu thdi"
(Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.32); phan quan trpng chinh la cudc sdng, va: "khi ta thau higu nd nhu mgt the nguyen ven, trgn mgi binh dien, thi chinh cai ddng thai thau higu dd tao ra ky thuat hay ky nang rieng cua nd" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.32). Viec quan trgng hda qua mirc yeu td ky thuat khien cho giao due dang huy diet con ngudi tirng ngay tii'ng gid. "Kign thuc khoa hgc tuy can thiet nhung khdng cd each chi giai quygt eac ap lyc tam ly bgn trong va cac cuge xung dot; va bdi vl ta da thu thap kign thii'c khoa hpc ky thuat ma khdng thdu higu toan bd tien trinh ciia cudc sdng nen khoa hpc cong nghe da trd thanh phuong tien hiiy diet chi'nh chiing ta" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.33).
Cudc sdng tdn tai rdt nhieu vdn dg tii' ben ngoai xa hdi den ndi tai ben trong mdi con ngudi;
ky thuat khdng lam con ngudi vui ve, hanh phiic hay dau ddn, khd sd; ky thuat khdng giiip con ngudi cd dugc tinh ygu hay ndi budn; ky thuat khdng thg phan biet tot hay xau... Giao due chi chti trpng dSn ygu td ky thuat chi giiip con ngudi vg nang lyc, ve hieu qua cdng viec ma thdi.
Krishnamurti nhan thay rdng chi cd yeu td ky thuat ma thigu nhung van de cudc song thi con Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. So 2 - 2020, tr.38-44
Vo Anh Tudn Quan diem eiia Jiddu Krishnaniurdy^^:!.
ngudi trd ngn khd cung hon, tan dpc han va do la nguyen nhan dan dgn nhung cupc chien tranh.
Krishnamurti khang djnh: "Sy tien bp vg mat ky thuat cua ta la phi thudng, than ky, nhung tien bd ay chi lam gia tang su'c manh tigu diet lan nhau ciia ta va trong mgi ddt nudc dgu cd sy doi khat va dau kho. Chiing ta khdng phai la nhung con ngudi binh an va hanh phiic" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.34). Giao dye chii trpng vao ygu td ky thuat chi nhdm muc dich dat dugc nhung tham vgng ciia con ngudi, thda man nhu cau va tinh Ich ky ciia moi ca nhan. Chimg ta cd nhung nha khoa hpc xuat sac, nhung ky su lanh nghe..., chimg ta dao tao ra nhung tai nang, nhung con ngudi phuc vu Igi ich cho chinh hp va xa hdi; chiing ta khdng dao tao ra nhung con ngudi toan dien cd the higu vg cupc sdng, hieu ve xa hdi va higu chlnh ban than hp. Tai sao xa hpi tfln tai nhieu ngudi cd trinh dp ky thuat cao nhung van cdn nhung dau khd va nhijng van de xa hdi phiic tap? Giao due da khdng chil tam den nhiing gia tri cuge song. Giao due nhu vay se "tao ra mdt ddi song may mdc, don dieu, chan nan, nhat nheo, buon te, met mdi... vdi mpt it niem vui higm boi" (Krishnamurti, J., 2008, tr.59). Vay nen, giao dye phai cd sy dung hda giua ygu to ky thual va tam hdn con ngudi.
Chi nhan manh dgn ygu td ky thuat thi giao due dang ty hiiy hoai con ngudi, va giiip con ngudi tu hiiy hoai lin nhau.
Nhimg van dg cudc song khdng dugc con ngudi giai quyet vi giao dye khdng chii trpng dgn viec truyen day kign thii'c sdng; con ngudi trd nen bj ddng trudc nhung bien ddi ciia xa hpi. Giao due truyen thdng da lam con ngudi cd each sdng va each suy nghT sai Iam ve xa hpi. Tat ca mpi ngudi dgu kiem tim mgt cdng viec phii hgp, kiem tim mgt chd dimg trong xa hdi; vi vay da tao ra mpt cudc chay dua vg tham vgng va quygn lyc. Giao due da thieu sy can bang giira cdng viec va ygu td con ngudi xa hgi, chi chii trgng dao tao ra nhu'ng con ngudi vdi nhung eong viec cy the ma thdi. Ngay chinh gia dinh, xa hdi va nha trudng cimg mong mudn ngudi hgc cd mdt cdng viec dn djnh. Viec di hgc chi nham dat dugc mpt myc dich dd. Krishnamurti khong thay giao dye dao tao cho con ngudi cac van de img bign vdi xa bdi, con ngirdi khdng dugc dao tao ve ky nang song va ton tai. Chlnh vi vay, con ngudi dan danh mat minh, danh mat phan "ngudi" bgn trong vl nhQ'ng van dg xa hgi. "Viec sinh ton ma khdng dgm xia, quan tam gi dgn cudc sdng chlnh la mdt hanh dpng mdi gpi nbii'ng dau khd va nhu'ng pha hoai xuat hien vdi chi'nh minh" (Krishnamurti, J., 2005, tr.l48).
Viec con ngudi mfii khi dgn trudng chi dupc truyen day kien thuc ve nghg nghigp nao do, nhung lai khong cho con ngudi dugc hieu vg ban than minh da lam xa hgi phat trien thieu sy ddng dgu; giao due chi "nhao nan" nhung con ngudi cu thg vdi nghe nghiep cy the thay vl tao ra mgt con ngudi toan dien. Tren thuc tg, con ngudi dang danh mat nhung gia trj nhan tinh, lac loi trong mg Id ciia cac mdi quan he xa hdi. Kien thii'c khoa hpc la cdn thigt cho mot xa hdi phat trien, song chfnh sy tuyet doi hda kign thuc ma bd qugn nhimg van dg nhan sinh vd hinh trung da bign con ngudi trd thanh nhung "cd may" vd hon. Chimg ta dau cd the ap dung kign thuc khoa hpc dg giai quygt mdi quan he giua ngudi vdi ngudi, hay van dg ngay chinh bgn trong ban than minh. Nhiing kign thiic khoa hpc duac hpc tii' ghg nha trudng la khong dii de giiip con ngudi ty higu vS chinh minh, tham chi trong mgt so trudng hgp, nhirng kign thuc dd cd the buy hoai con ngudi. Song vdi Nghien ciru An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.38-44
Vo Anh Tudn. Quan diem cua Jiddu Krishnamurti ve...
nhimg kien thiic mang tinh chat vat chat nhu vay da Iam con ngu'dl phdi pha dan ban chat, danh mdt minh vdi may mdc, vdi ky thuat, vdi nhung thiet bj hien dai mang tinh chdt toan cdu.
Krishnamurti danh gia cao vai trd ciia khoa hpc nhung khdng tan ddng viec con ngudi chi tap trung vao cdng viec, vao viec nang cao trinh do khoa hgc de phyc vu cho Igi ich ban than ma khdng thg hieu het ve cudc sdng. Thieu hieu bigt vg nhiing kign thii'c cudc song, thigu sy trai nghiem vg nhung van dg tdn tai trong xa hdi da day con ngudi dgn ndi lo sg, khdng cd sy binh an va hanh phiie.
2. Kien tao mot nen giao due chan chinh
Krishnamurti dua ra nhiing each thuc thay ddi ve phuang phap va ndi dung giao dye; va
"hinh thiic giao dye diing dan cd lien quan den sy ty do ciia tii'ng ca nhan, moi ca nhan can dugc tu do phat trign, phat trign mgt each ty nhign chu khdng bj go ep" (Krishnamurti, J., 2005, tr. 150).
Viec kien tao mgt ngn giao due mdi, nen giao dye nhan ban la can thiet va dap iing nhu cau cua xa hpi thuc tai.
Thie nhdt, xdc dinh ro chiec ndng cda gido due chinh Id "ddo tgo ra mgt cd nhdn hgp nhdt du siec xic ly cuge sdng nhu mdt todn thi nguyen ven" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.39) vd tao ra nhihig gid tri m&i.
Vdi Krishnamurti, "con ngudi hgp nhat" phai dap ung dugc thyc tign xa hgi, dap iing ygu cau phat trien ben vung, giao dye dao due Idi song, hoan thien nhan each. Dd la viec ma giao due can phai lam trong qua trinh dao tao, han che viec truyen thy kign thuc khoa hgc va djnh hudng nghg ma bd qua mong mudn phat trign ban than va ty do sang tao ciia con ngudi. Krishnamurti cho rang: "Con ngudi hgp nhat se cd ky thuat rigng ciia minh thdng qua ddng thai trai nghiem, bdi vl sy thdi thiic sang tao ra ky thuat rieng cua nd" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.63); bdi vi khi con ngudi dugc tu do sang tao, tu do thyc hien ude muon ciia ban than thi se cd nhung ky thuat rigng va dd la kign thirc thyc tien tii' cudc sdng. Viec truygn day kien thiic xa hdi, kien thii'c thyc tien va ky nang sdng la viec Iam can thiet ciia nen giao dye mdi. Con ngudi can nhan thiic dugc vj tri va vai trd ciia minh trong sy tdn tai cua xa hdi. Vi vay, con ngudi phai hgp nhat; hgp nhdt thdng qua thay d6i dudng Idi giao due truygn thdng, hgp nhdt dg thoat khoi bat ky cudc khiing hoang nao, dac biet la cac cudc khiing hoang hien nay dang diln ra tren the gidi.
Trudc nhu'ng thay ddi cua thuc tiln, nhung bign ddng ciia thg gidi dang tac dgng tryc tiep dgn nhan each, dao due cua con ngudi, thi vdn dg chinh ygu la phat trien ca nhan hgp nhdt. Vdi Krishnamurti, "giao dye chan chinh la danh thuc tri thdng. minh hay tri tue, khuygn khich bdi dudng cudc sdng hgp nhdt, va chi cd giao dye nhu thg mdi tao ra mdt ngn van hda mdi va mpt thg gidi hda binh" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.68). Dd la su'c manh, la ngn tang cua ngn giao dye mdi trong xay dung va phat trign con ngudi tim ve vdi gia trj ciia cudc s6ng. Dieu quan trpng trudc het ia viec giao dye da gitip moi ngudi nhan ra sy hien dien cao quy ciia chfnh minh trong cupc sdng nay. Vdn dg cdt loi lam nen chinh con ngudi khong phai la d nhung thanh tich, thanh tuu, hay nhung cdng trinh ben ngoai, ma chinh la d mdi con ngudi, dieu thanh cdng nhdt la trd thanh diing
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.38-44 41
Vo Anh Tudn. Quan diim ciia Jiddu Krishnamurlije^:^
nghTa vdi "con ngudi". Tir dd con ngudi mdi quy trgng viec giao due tir mpi phia, va coi dd la digu thiet yen dg lam nen cudc sdng chan thyc cua minh. Trong moi tuang quan khdng chi giua con ngudi vdi nhau, ma cdn d6ng thdi vdi trdi, dat, van vat; con ngudi da nhin thdy y ngbTa cudc sdng, nhin thay y nghta sau xa ciia cupc ddi. Nhd giao due, con ngudi hap thu nhung tinh hoa ciia nhan loai cho ban than minh va rdi tigp tyc sang tao lam thang tien ban than, nhd kha nang suy luan, phan tich va tdng hgp, dua trgn ngn tang ciia nhung digu minh da tigp thu, dii ren luyen, dg trd thanh con ngudi tign bd ca ve thg chat - tri tbiic - tinh thdn - tam linh.
Thu hai, gido d-uc xudt phdt tic tinh yiu vd thiin tdm
Krishnamurti chi ro ngn giao due hien nay chi nghi din tinh hieu ndng bin ngodi md bdt chdp hay phd hogi ndi tdm ben trong mdi con ngieai. Nen giao due dy da lam con ngudi mat di su ty do trong each suy nghT, trong ldi sdng. Nbu'ug diia tre dupc "nhao nan" thanh nhung cdng cu cho chinh cac bac phu huynh va xa hdi. NhQng he lyy tu truyen thdng van hda da tac dpng, tao ra nhung khudn dinh va su'c ep Ign tam tri con ngudi; nhiing higu bigt ban hep tir kinh nghiem song, tir kign thirc thyc tien da tac dgng den hanh ddng va suy nght ciia con ngudi trd ngn may moc trong mdt khudn djnh cd san. Krishnamurti nhan manh, "giao due diing nghta la giiip dd ca nhan trudng thanh, gia dan va ty do, hoan toan nay nd trong tinh ygu va tinh thien" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.38). Tinh yen va Idng thien tam la nguyen tac can thiet cho mot cudc sdng hien dai; la van de can thigt xay dung mot ngn giao due hoan thien, tao dieu kien cho con ngudi sang tao va phat trien tu duy. Do dd, theo dng, "khdng cd thien tam va tinh ygu, ngudi ta khdng cd giao due"
(Krishnamurti, J., 2007, tr.l89),
Vdi ICrishnamurti, tinh ydu va thien tam vd ciing quan trgng trong cudc sdng, khai day nhung digu tdt dep cho nhan sinh. Sy kgt hgp ciia hai yeu to nay tao thanh sue manh lan tda tinh ygu thuang, xda bdt ban thii va xay dyng con ngudi toan dien ve dao due, dac biet la tu dudng tam tinh sdng thien lanh ban. Song, Krishnamurti nhan thay con ngudi trong xa hdi hien dai dang danh mat dan hai yeu td nay, de sa vao mdt cudc song day thii han, ganh tj, lo sg va bao lyc... Con ngudi cd higu dugc tinh ygu, bleu dugc thien tam thi mdi xay dyng nen mdt mdi trudng sdng tran ngap tinh ygu va xda bd ban thii, mdt cudc sdng tuoi dep va hanh phiic cho toan nhan loai. Va giao due la chia khda truygn tai tinh ygu, thien tam den vdi con ngudi, Thdng qua giao due se dinh hudng va khoi day nhung gi vdn cd bgn trong ban chat ndi tai ciia hp. Krishnamurti mong muon con ngudi bleu dugc chinh minh, yeu thuong mgi ngudi va sdng vl cgng ddng; giao due phal tao dung mpt mdi trudng tot dya tren tinh ygu va thien tam vl con ngudi va sy phat trien ciia con ngudi.
Dg xay dyng mpt ngn giao due mdi tir tinh yeu va thien tam, theo Krishnamurti, cdn phai xudt phat tir viec thay ddi nhan thiic ciia ngudi hpc, dg ngudi hpc ty cam nhan va tu do thS hien ban than. Thay ddi nhan thii'c ciia ngudi hgc la bien phap quan trgng de nhan thuc thg gidi va su tdn tai ciia con ngudi trong thg gidi. Giao due thay ddi phuang phap va ndi dung hudng den con ngudi, xay dung tinh ygu va thien tam cho con ngudi xuat phat tu chinh con ngudi. Dd la thay ddi con ngudi tren ca sd ciia tinh ygu va thien tam; con ngudi nhan thay dugc nhu'ng dau khd cudc sdng, nhihig thay ddi trong xa hdi tac dgng dgn nhan thiic, thay ddi tu duy ciia mdi ngudi trong su
Nghign Cliu An Dp va Chau A. S5 2 - 2020, tr.38-44 42
Vo Anh Tudn. Quan diem ciia Jiddu Krishnamurti vi...
phal trien ciia xa hdi. Con ngudi chIm vao tham vgng va bign nhijng tham vgng dd thanh bao luc, ndi lo sg... de hung chiu mgi dau khd dgn vdi minb. Giao dye can va nhdt thiet de con ngudi di dung hudng theo Idng hudng thien va tinh yeu; giir vung nhGng chudn muc gia trj dao dire von cd va xay dyng nhirng chuan myc dao diic mdi cho xa hdi. Viec thay doi tu tudng, quan dilm nhan thuc cua ngudi hgc ddng vai trd quan trpng, la viec thay ddi dau tien trong nen giao dye hien dai.
Con ngudi ty nhan thuc chinh minh, ty thay ddi tu duy va quan diem vg chinh ban than minh va xa hgi. Tu do phat trign tu duy va kha nang sang tao ciia chinh minh se mang lai mdi trudng va CUDC sdng hanh phiic, ngap tran tinh ygu thuang va thien cam; ty nhan thiic va thay doi chinh minh se tao cho con ngudi tinh nhay cam trudc nhirng bign ddi cua cudc s6ng.
Thirba, gido due phdi nhdn thiec dicgc vi tri, vai tro ciia phu huynh vd ngiedi thdy Dg khai day tinh sang tao, tinh ygu va ddnh thiec tri thdng minh ciia ngudi hgc thi moi trudng giao dye ciing vdi ngudi thay la rat quan trgng. Mdi trudng giao due phai thyc sy phat huy tdi da nbiem vy ciia minh, thyc sy cd tinh giao dye cao, dong thdi gdn kgt vdi thuc tien cudc song. Su ket hgp chat che giira mdi trudng giao dye va ngudi thay la chia khda thanh cong cho mdt ngn giao due mdi nham xay dyng nhirng chuan myc gia trj con ngudi trong thdi dai mdi. Vdi Krishnamurti, "giao due chan chinh bat dau vdl nha giao due, ong ay phai than higu chinh minh va thoat khdi cac md hinh tu tudng thiet lap san" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.I2I), rang "giao dye chan chi'nh phai giup da sinh vign, hgc sinh khdng chi phat buy trong kha nang ciia minh ma cdn pbai thau hieu mdi quan tam cao nhdt ciia minh la gi" (Krishnamurti, J., 2010, tr.l 17). Ngudi thay cung can phai dam me nghg nghiep, cd dii tam, du tai, va cd trach nhiem vdi cdng viec giao due thg he tre. Dd la nhUng nha giao dye chan chlnh, ngi tam cyc ky phong phii, khdng ddi hdl bat cir thii gl cho ban than, khdng diing viec day hgc nhu phuong tien de dat dugc dia vi trong quyen luc, cho ngn thoat khdi sy cudng birc ciia xa hgi va su kiem chg cua cac chinh quyen. Vai trd cua ngudi thay la giup ngudi hpc nhan ra chinh minh va gia trj ciia ban than trong tdn tai xa hpi. Con ngudi dugc ty do thi se thoat khdi mpi ndi lo sg ma xa hdi mang lai, d day cd ndl lo sg vdi chinh ngudi thay trong qua trinh hgc ngu vdn tiep tuc ngn giao dye truygn thdng do. Nen giao dye mdi khdng chi tao ra nhirng con ngudi cd kign thii'C sau rdng trgn cac Itnh vuc khoa hgc, ma cdn tao ra nhiing con ngudi ty do thyc sy trong xa hgi; nha giao dye ty minh phai tri giac nhung an y va tat ca nghta ly ciia sy ty do. Khi dd con ngudi se dugc giai thoat tam trf khdi nhiing rang bupc trong qua khii gay ngn trong tam thiic con ngudi nham "danh thuc tri thdng minh" tiem an bgn trong mdi con ngudi.
De con ngudi quay trd vg vdi cai nguygn so ban dau ciia ban than, tam hdn con ngudi trd nen thanh thien trong coi ddi ddy cam dd va cam bay thi cac bac phu huynh phai cd each nhin nhan hoan toan khac vg con em cua minh vdi tinh ygu thuang thuc sy. Diing tren gde nhin cua gia dinh thi cha me ludn ygu thuang con cai bdng tat ca nhung gl cd thg. Tuy nhign, chfnh cha me lai lam hong di nhiing diia con ciia minh bdng nhung sg hai vatham vgng cua ban than. Digu nay da cd anh hudng tryc tigp din each nhin nhan ciia nhCrng dua tre trong qua trinh hgc tap. Vdi Krishnamurti, cha me muon higu nhung dira con ciia minh thi dirng nen ap dat ly tudng cua hg ma Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 2 - 2020, tr.38-44
VoAnh Tudn. Quan diim ciia Jiddu KrishnamurHI^^^
hay ngdm nhin, yeu thuong nhirng diia tre dl nhan thay nhung suy tu, tam trang va udc mo ciia chung. Nhirng bac phy huynh hay dk nhirng diia tre dugc phat triln mdt each tu nhien nhat, hay chi dinh hudng nhung dilu tdt dep trgn tinh thdn ciia tinh ygu va hanh phiic cupc s6ng. Dimg ngn ap dat y mudn chii quan ciia ban than vao nhung diia tre. Hay dg nhung dua trg dugc ty do nhat cd thg. Krishnamurti mong muon cac bac phy huynh yeu thuang nhung dua trg khdng bdng nhung ky luat nghiem khac, nhung quy djnh theo udc muon chii quan ciia hp; hay ygu thuang nbung diia tre bang sy lang nghe, thau higu chiing. Nen giao dye mdi, theo Krishnamurti, phai hudng tim nhung gia tri nhan van trong mdi con ngudi, va trudc hgt ban than cac bac phu huynh phai thanh nhung nhan td thyc sy dung dan trong nhan thiic. Gido dye can cd su phdi hgp vdi cac bac phu huynh, do la su tac dpng ngay tir chinh gia dinh giiip ngudi hpc nhan thuc va thuc hien hda udc ma cua ban than. Can dao tao ra mpt con ngudi loan dien tren nhieu phuong dien de khang dinh sy tdn tai cua con ngudi vdl nhung gia tri nhan van cao ca.
Ket luan
Trigt ly giao due ciia Krishnamurti khdng chi cd nhOng anh hudng to Idn trong the ky XX ma cdn nhigu thg ky tigp theo; dugc thg hien rd trong muc dich va nguygn tac giao due, dd la vr con ngiedi. Khi tim hieu ve triet ly giao due ciia Krishnamurti, chung ta tim dugc nhung net tuong ddng, nhihig digm mdi trong each giao dye con ngudi: hudng con ngudi ve vdi tu nhien, ve vol viec tim hieu kign thii'c sau rgng va nhiing van de cuge song mdt each toan dien. Nen giao due chan chfnh trong quan digm Krishnamurti vii'a cung cap kien thirc viia tao digu kien cho con ngudi phat trien tu duy ea nhan, kha nang sang tao va giao dirdng tam hdn.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Krishnamurti, J. (2005), Bgn ldm gi vdi ddi minh, Le Tuygn djch, Nxb. Tong hap Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
2. Krishnamurti, J. (2007), Duang vdo hien sinh, Thanh Luang Thich Thien Sang dich, Nxb. Lao dpng, HaNoi.
3. Ki'ishnamuTti, i. (200S), Bdn chdt con ngirdi cd the thay doi?. Hong Diem djch, Nxb. Ton giao, Ha Npi.
4. Krishnamurti, J. (2010), Gido due vdy nghia cuoc song. Dao Huu NghTa djch, Nxb. Thdi dai, HaNpl.
Nghign Cliu An Dp vi Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.38-44