CHDCNDLAO DONG SON SEPON, TINH Gidl SO LlTOfC VE PHAT VAN

Gidl THIEU SO LlTOfC VE NHLTNG PHAT HIEN VAN HOA DONG SON TAI HUYEN SEPON, TINH SVANAKHET, CHDCNDLAO THONGLITH LUANGKHOTH. r l u y f n Sf pdn ndm d phia ddng bdc cua tinh Svannakhet nudc CHDCND Ldo, cdch bien gioi Lao Bdo (eua khdu Lao- Vift Nam) khodng 90km theo dudng 9 Nam Ldo. Huyfn Sepfln vd huyfn Vulabuli ehii yeu Id dja bdn cu tni ciia tpc ngudi Phu Thay thuflc nhflm ngon ngd Tdy -Thai (Ldo xip vdo nhflm ngufli Ldo Lum), chiem khodng 70% eiia dan s i so vfli cdc tflc ngudi khde. Hifn nay, huyfn Sepdn vd huyfn Vilabuli khflng nhihig ehi dupe rdt nhiiu ngufli ttong nudc bilt den md cdn nfli bdt d tdm quflc tf bdi nai ddy dd phdt hifn eac mo dflng - vang vdi ting difn tich khdo sdt Id 1.250km^ ttong tinh Svarmakhet nhung hifn chi mdi dupe khai thdc vdi difn tich 30km^ (tiieo thflng tin LXML Brochure 2006). Dja diim phdt hifn khodng san ndm d huyfn Vilabuli, yudc Id thupc huyfn Sfpdn mdi dupe tach ra khfli Sepfln vdo ndm 1993, nhung mpi ngudi van quen gpi khu vuc dfl Id Sfpfln. 1. Lich sir nghien cuu mo dong-vdng tai Sepon Trudc day ngufli Phdp dd timg den khdo sat tai day, bdng chiing Id cpt moc van cdn thdy d khu vyc ndy. Nam 1980 dd timg co du dn ciia Lien X6 trudc day den khdo sdt nhung khflng dupe khai thdc, din ndm 1990 cflng ty Oxiana Limited vd cong ty Lane Xang Minerals Limited dd true tiep khao sdt vd sau dfl hp true tifp khai thdc khodng san tai ddy. Mai din ndm 2001 vd ndm 2006, Cye Di sdn ciia Bo Thflng tin, vdn Hfla vd Du Iich Ldo dupe uy quyen bdi dy dn phdt y i i n khu vyc (Greater Project Development Area) do cong ty LXML Sfpon dam nhifm d i hodn thanh mpt nghien ciiu khdo ed hpc va di san vdn hda cho cong ty Oxiana TNHH/Lane Xang Minerals Limited (Ixml) nhu mpt phdn cua Sepfln df ddnh gid tdc dpng mdi ttudng vd xd hOi cho cdc dy dn md rpng ttong khu vyc phdt ttien. Chuong yinh dy dn dd tiln hdnh diiu tta vd thdm djnh cdc phdt hifn, cdc bdo cdo so bp d i i vfli nhiiu di chi khdo cfl hpc vd cdc di ton vdn hfla khde khu vyc dy dn; Thu th§p, nghiln ciiu cdc hifn vdt vd cdc di tich trong thfli ky dfl Dd moi (nifn dgi cfl the len din 10. 000 ndm trudc), thdi dgi Dfl ding vd Dfl sdt ciing rtiiu ttong thdi ky ljch sii d Ldo (tir khoang thi ky- XIV din nay). Cac di tich tim thdy ttong cupc khdo sdt ndm 2001 vd ndm 2006 dupe ddnh gid, xep hgng theo gid ttj vd tdm quan ttpng mpt cdch rfl rdng. Vifc xip hgng dya ttIn vdn hfla v§t thi vd vdn hfla phi vdt t h i hode gid ttj di sdn lich sir ciing. *TS. Bf Thflng tin, vSn hfla vd Du ljch, CHDCND Ldo. Khdo cd hgc, sd 412014 nhu tiem ndng de cfl thim cae di tfln vd hda dupe xdc nhdn. Diiu quan ttpng Id mpt qud ttinh tiep tyc khao sat, khai quat va danh gia ve di tich phdi efl k i hogch quan ly ttIn thyc ti vd cdn dupe thiet Igp diing cdch. Trong khi do, doi vdi tdt cd ede di tich cfl tdm quan ttpng cao mang gid ttj Ijch sir - vdn hfla d tdm quoc gia dupe xem xet theo quy dinh cua luat di san quic gia Ldo ban hdnh vdo ngdy 9 thdng 12 ndm 2005, bao gflm 73 diiu. Ve co bdn Id cfl liln quan vdi ba thdnh phdn di sdn Ifln: vdn hfla, ljch sit vd ty nhiin diu dupe thong nhat quan Iy bdi Bp Thflng tin,Van hfla vd Du ljch Ldo. Vdi sy chi dao cua Chinh phii Ldo, cung nhu sy quan tdm cua Cue di sdn Ldo dd dSn den sy hop tae 3 bin dfl la. Cue Di sdn Quoc gia Ldo - Dgi hpc James Cook cfla Australia vd Cflng ty Lane XangMinerals (Department of National Heritage - James Cook University and Lane XangMinerals, viit tdt Id DNH-JCU-LXML) da dupe ky kit idn thu nhdt vdo ngdy 23/ 8 /2010 vd idn thii 2 vdo ngdy 24/10/2013 ( 3 ndm mflt Idn). Mfli lan tien hdnh diiu tta hode khai quat, ngodi cdn bp dgi difn cfla 3 ben cung diu cfl sy phfli hpp vd tham gia eiia cdc cdn bp ciia Sd Thong tin, Vdn hfla vd Du Ijch cua tinh Svannakhet, vdn phflng TTVH&DL cua huyfn Vilabuli vd dodn gido viln vd sinh viln cua Khoa Ljch sir vd Khao cfl hpc cua Dai hpc Quflc gia Ldo. 2. Cdc dia dilm phdt hien dup'c di tich vdn hfla Dflng son Q khu vyc khai thdc mfl dong- vang dd phdt hifn rdt nhiiu di chi vdn hfla Dflng Son, mfli diim phdt hifn deu do dodn UXO eung cdp thong tin, sau dfl cdn bfl khdo cfl hpc din noi dfl d i xdc djnh vj tti. Khu vyc ndy con rat nguy hilm do hdu qua chien yanh de Igi. Cdc di chi dupe phdt hifn rdi rde d rat nhieu noi, nhung ttong dfl cfl nhihig dja diim quan ypng nhu sau: 2.1. Phu Kha Ndng 6 day chiing toi dd phdt hifn dupe bdng ehiing rdt quan ttpng liln quan din vifc khai thdc mfl dong tir xa xua tai nai day. Ndm 2006, cdn bfl cfla Cyc Di sdn phfli hpp vdi chuyen gia khdo c i hpc Oe dd md m^t cufc khai quat khai qudt chua chay tai ddy . Cuflc khai qudt dd phdt hifn khodng 100 h i khai khodng, cdc h i dupe ddo sau ttong khodng 20-35m, dudng kinh cua mfli hfl yong khodng 180m-2m , mfli hfl cdch nhau khoang 0,5m-Im. Cdc hfl khai khodng dupe dao sau, dflng khoang 8 cpc chinh bdng go dflng xung quanh h i , sau dfl dflng nhimg tdm phin tte nu^a, dfli khi efl ed nhihig cdnh cay quay xung quanh cpt vfli myc dich d l chflng Id ttong qud trinh ddo khai tiidc qudng dflng. 2.2. Di chi Pdn Bdu Lo Di chi nay dupe phdt hien vdo ndm 2001, do thflng tin tir ddn bdn d khu vyc lan can dd cung cdp. day chinh la nai ndu vd due dflng vi chflng tdi dd phdt hiln dupe qudng dflng vd nhihig cyc dflng dd dupe tinh che, nfli ndu dflng bdng ddt nung, khufln due ding bdng dd sa thgch. Ngodi ra chflng tfli cfln phdt hifn dupe mflt sfl mp tang ndm rdi rac yong khu vyc ndy vdi nhOng di vat nhu: chum ddt nung vdi nhiiu kich cd cfl hoa vdn tti; cfl nhung m^ cfln efl ed vii khi bdng dflng nhu riu ding, riu sdt, miii lao bdng ding, cdc d i ttang sire nhu vong tay bdng dd, ding, nhihig chuoi hgt bdng dd vfli nhiiu chflng logi vd kich cd khde nhau. Ngodi ra con phdt hifn con Idn tao hoa vdn, dpi xe spi bdng ddt nung.. Thongiith Luanglchoth - Gidi thifu sg iiryc... Trong moi mfl khflng phdt hifn di cot vi ddt d khu vyc ndy ed chda nhilu a-xit nen xuong bj phdn huy. 2.3. Dl chi Tltong Na Ngugfc (cdnh ddng rdng) Di dii ndy (K cfl trong tmyin thuyet eua ngudi dan khu vyc nay, truyen kevi mpt con ring cdi. Di chi dupe khai qudt vdo ndm 2006 dufli sy chfl tti eua flng ThongSa Sayavongkhamdy, Cue truflng Cyc di sdn, flng Viengkeo Suksavathdy, Cue phfl Cue Di sdn cung vfli sy tiiam gia cfla TS. NigelChang id giang viln tai truflng Dai hpc James Cook Uc. Qua cupc khai qudt da phdt hifn dupe ddu vit qudng ding, cdc mO tang, vdt dyng bang ddt nung, chuii hat bdng dd va ddc bilt cfl ngfli mp phdt hifn dupe hon 5000 hgt chufli dupe dyng ttong mpt cai gdo bdng dflng. Ngodi nhihig dm diem dd dupe khai qugt nhu tten, ndm 2005 tgi khu nhd mdy khai thdc mfl dong-vdng Sepfln qua cupc do min dd phdt hiln dupe tring ding Dflng San logi 1. Trflng co chiiu cao 80cm, dudng kinh mdt ttflng 1 lOem, Id tting dflng Ifln nhdt dupe phdt hifn d Ldo tu ttudc tdi nay, hiln nay tting dang dupe luu giO' vd ttung bdy tai Bdo tdng Quic gia Ldo. Mflt s i tting ding khde eo kich thude nhfl hon cfln dupe phdt hien d nhiiu dja diim dong khu vyc Sepfln. Sfl ttflng ndy hifn dang dupe luu giii vd trung bdy tai Nha vdn hfla cua huyfn Vilabuli. 2.4. Dl chi Phu Thank. Kham. Ddy Id khu vue dupe tilp tyc md r^ng dl khai thdc dflng-vdng. Trong nhthig ndm 20092012, tai ddy dd phdt hien dupe rdt nhilu ede loai hifn vat giflng nhu eae noildidc nhu riu dflng, nhiing cue ding dd dupe luyfn vd due thdnh hinh ddng khde nhau nhu: (1) hinh trfln (dd tim thdy khuon due bdng dd) vdi hai cd Ifln vd nhfl hon; (2) hinh vuong (chua tim thdy khufln due); (3) hinh giflng nhu cdi bdt (chua tim thdy khufln dflc). Thdng 11 ndm 2013 tgi khu vyc ndy, yong khi cflng ty khai thdc quang dang ddo ddt cdt dd phdt hifn thfm hon 100 hfl ddo tim qudng dflng cua nguoi xua. Dja dilm ndy cdch dja dilm dd phdt hifn h i ddo khai qudng cfl d Phu khg Nflng khodng lOkm v i phia tdy bdc. Chung tfli dd t i chuc khai quat chiia chdy nhung do hgn chi v i thdi gian vd kinh phi nin chi chpn khai qudt 3 hfl ypng dilm d l nghiln Cliu so sdnh. Cfl thi thdy, v i mdt ky thudt, h i ddo d day co cflng mflt ky thuat vd cung thdi vdi hfl ddo d Phu Kha Nflng. Trong mpt h i da tim thdy cdi v i bdng gfl co can, cfl thi nd la dyng eu d i dflng cpc gfl ching Id. d ddy mflt h i ddo khde eon tim thdy mpt cdi spt dan bdng may, ttong sot cdn chua quang dflng. 3. Nh§n djnh chung Nhung bang chung tten dd chiing tfl rdng, vifc khai thae qudng ding cua ngudi xua dfli hfli phai cfl tti thdc vd kinh nghif m eung nhu mdt rdt nhiiu cflng siic. Khau ddu tiln ngudi ta cdn phdi xdc dinh dia diim ndo cd thi efl qudng bdng mpt phuong phdp ndo dfl khd chuyfn nghifp. Sd dT chung toi nghT nhu vgy vi theo dilu tta cfla doan chuyfn gia khai thdc mfl dflng-vdng thi cu khu ndo cd qudng ding thi khu dfl deu phdt hien dupe ddu vit cdc hfl ddo eua ngudi xua. Nhihig bdng chiing dfl dd gflp phdn cho vifc phdt hien ddu vit vdn hfla Dflng son tgi Ldo. NhOng di chi ndy cfl tdm quan ttong d tdm quic gia va thi gidi, vi vdy cdn phdi cfl biln phdp bdo tin va dupe tiip tyc theo dfli vd khai qugt mpt cdch nghiem tuc, khoa hpc.. Khdo cdhgc, sd4/2014 Nhihig hifn vdt cfl dupe tir cupc khdo sat vd khai qugt ndy dd dupe luu giii vd trung bdy tai Nhd vdn hoa cfla huyfn Vilabuli. Day Id nhihig tdi lifu quy bdu di cho cdc nhd nghien cim yong vd ngodi nude hifn tai cung nhu eac thi hf tuong lai dupe biit vd thn hiiu vi vdn hfla Dflng Son tgi SIpon hay Vilabuly ndi rifng vd vdn hoa cua cd quic gia Ldo nfli chung. Cho din nay, hang thdng, Cyc di sdn van tilp tuc cii cdn bp thay phien nhau den khu khai thdc ding-vdng tgi Sepfln di theo dfli vifc phdt hifn cdc hifn vdt yong khu vyc ndy. Hdng ndm vdo thdng 11, Dgi hpc James Cook Uc phoi hpp vdi Cue di sdn, cdc giang vien vd sinh vien Dgi hpc Quflc gia Lao, cdn bfl sd vdn hda tinh Svanrmakhet, cdn bfl Phflng Thflng tin, vdn hfla vd Du lich huyfn Vilabuli tien hdnh khai qugt moi dot khodng 2-3 tuan. Theo thdi gian, nhiing ho ddo, di tich mp tdng sl mdt di bdi vifc khai thdc ding-vdng, nhihig vat ehiing cfln lgi chi cfln Id cdc hifn vdt dang dupe luu giQ' trong tgi cdc bdo tdng hode nhd vdn hfla, vi vdy rdt cdn cdc nhd khoa hpc ttong vd ngodi nude khdn truong din di cflng nhau tim hiiu vd lam rfl them nhihig cdi da bilt vd chua biit din vi vdn hfla Dflng Son tgi Lao.. BRIEF INTRODUCTION O F DONG SCfN-CULTURE DISCOVERIES AT SEPON DISTRICT, SAVAtoAKHET PROVINCE, D.R.LAOS THONGLITLUANGKHOT The area of copper and gold mines at Sepon district has been known for a long time. However, it was officially exploited in 1990. Since 2001, the Department of Heritage, of the Ministty of Information, Culture and Tourism of Laos in cooperation of research institutions and Mineral exploitation companies have conducted investigations, evaluation and classification of the types of the cultural heritages in this area. The resuhs of the investigations, data collection and excavations have led to the finds of hundreds of vestiges of the trenches unearthed for exploiting copper, with sofrie tools related to the ancient mining. Apart from them, there have been numerous finds of burial sites and various types of artifacts such as bronze drums, bronze axes, bronze spears, iron axes, stone and bronze ornaments, moulds for bronze casting, ceramics, etc., which are dated to and characterized by the eariy or late Dong San culture. The archaeological discoveries at Sepon and Vilabuly districts have provided many valuable data to study the Dong Son culture and other prehistorical remains in Laos. Therefore, it is necessary to continue investigation, studies and set up a plan for conservation of the cultyral sites in this area..