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Chien liroc xay dung dai hoc dtog clip quoc t^:
nghien cuu so sanh giim mot so quoc gia chau A
Nguyin Wn Anh. Phgm Phuong H^
Nguy§n Kim KhMi, Nguy^ Nhu Phuorig. Nguy& Thanh Tung E-PMP 2,3 - Truong Dai hoc Kinh t^ Quoc dan
Vide xay dyng "Dai hgc ding cap qudc te" dugc dinh gii la muc tidu chidn luge quan hgng cua moi qudc gia nhim nang tam giao dye dai hgc va vi the eua qud'e gia do hdn tiudng qudc td. Trong khu vyc Chau A, mdt sd qudc gia cd nhidu didm tuong dong vdi Vidt Nam nhu Tmng Qudc, Han Qude, Thai Lan deu da xay dyng dugc nhieu dai hgc ding cap quoc td dugc xdp thfl hang cao. Trdn co sd phan ti'ch va so sanh chidn luge xay dyng dai hge dang cap qude td o 3 qudc gia trong ciing khu vuc, nghien ciiu dua ra 1 so giii phip ddi vdi Vidt Neun.
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Trong nhiing nim gin diy, viec xiy dyng "Dai hpe ding cip qudc Id" da tro thinh myc tieu chidn luge cua nhidu qude gia Chau A bdi nd true tidp mang lai nhflng loi ich vd giio dye va kinh td - xa hdi cho qudc gia dd. Dai hoc ding eip qudc td Ii noi "dio tao ting lop tinh hoa efla mdt qudc gia, noi tap tmng nhiing giang vien vi sinh vidn tai nang bae nhit", tu dd cung cip nguon nhan lyc chat lugng, dip iing nhu ciu ngiy cang cao cua xa hdi. Day eflng la "noi tao ra nhflng cdng trinh nghien eflu quan trgng nhit cua dit nude", gdp phin thuc diy nen kinh td phat trien bing cich md eua eho eic ddi tac nude ngoii tdi hgp tic dau tu, chuyen giao cdng nghe cung nhu thuong mai hda cic sin pham nghien cflii.
Dd'i vdi Vidt Nam, khii nidm "Dai hgc ding cip qudc te" dugc bidt den vi phd bien rdng rai vao nam 2005, mudn hon so vdi cac qudc gia khac trong khu vyc. Ddn thdi didm hidn nay (2019), Viet Nam mOT ehi cd 2 trudng Ipt vao top 1000 dd la Dai hoc qude gia thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (701-750) va Dai hgc qudc gia Hi Ndi (801-1000). Trong dd, ehi cd duy nhat nganh Ngdn ngir hoc eua Dai hge qudc gia Ha Ndi duoc lot vio td'p 251-300 (theo bing xdp hang cac trudng dai hgc trdn the gidi QS Worid University rankings). Trong khi dd, nhd cd ehinh sich hgp ly va sy diu tu dflng thdi diem, dung linh vyc, Tmng Qudc ed 3 trudng dai hgc thudc td'p 50 trdn bang xdp hang QS ranking, trong do phii kd ddn Dai hge Thanh Hoa (top 17), Dai hgc Bie Kinh (td'p 30) va Dai hgc Fudan (top 44). Han Qudc cd 2 tnidng dai hge cung nim Uong idp 50 dd la D ^ hgc Qude gia Seoul (top 36) vi Vien Khoa hoe Cdng nghe eao cip Han Qudc (top 44). Tuy Thai Lan khdng cd tiiidng nao thugc top 50, nhung trong top 200 - 400 d i xuat hidn Dai hgc Chulalongkom (idp
9 0 KINH Tt CHAU A -THAI BlNH DUONG ITHANG 6 / ZO 1 9)
271) vi Dai hgc Madihol (tdp 380). Die bidt, xdt vd edng bd nghidn euu nghidn eflu khoa hpc trdn toin the gidi, c i c n h i khoa hgc tu cac dgi hgc cua Tmng Qudc da vuon len vl tri thii 2 sau My, Han Qudc dimg thfl 9 va Thai Lan dung thfl 42 (theo Bing xdp hang khoa hgc Nature Index nam 2018). Li mdt trong ehudi san phim eua dd tii KHGD/16-20.DT.003 nghien ciiu niy di siu viophan tich nhiing chidn luge xiy dung Dai hpe ding cap qude td tai c i c qudc gia trong khu vuc chiu A; tfl dd so sinh, ddi chidu vdi Viet Nam dd dua ra khuyen nghj vi nhim thuc diy sy phit tridn cua cic dai hgc dang c i p qudc gia d qudc gia nay.
2., Chien ivgc xpy dimg dai Jioc dang cap quoc te cua mot so quoc gia Chau A '
Tmng Qudc, Hin Qudc, Thai Lan ddu la 3 qudc gia tie'n hanh xiy dyng vi phit tridn Dai hgc ding cip qudc te tii sdm, vio cudi nhiing nam 90. Dua trdn bang lieu chi xdp hang, ba qudc gia nay d i dat ra 3 mye tidu Idn: dau tu xay dyng ba ting phye vy giang day, nghien euu; diu tu tbu hut nhan tai (dpi ngu giang vidn, nha khoa hge) vi diu tu thu hflt sinh vidn qud'e te ddn theo hge. Cic chinh sieh dugc Chinh phfl cic qud'e gia ban hinh deu cd nhidm vy, muc dich rit rd ring va Chinh phfl ddu cd ehfl ehuong hd hg vdn eho cac trudng dai hgc d nhiing bude diu phit tridn.
Vd diu tu xay dung co sd ha ting phyc vy giang day, nghien ciiu: Tmng Qudc tao cho minh didm khac biet khi ban hanh nhieu dd i n qud'e gia dd chuan bi eho viec xay dyng Dai hgc ding cip qudc te. Co 3 dd i n ehu dao trii dii tu 1993 den 2015: Dd i n 21 ] (I993) De i n 985 (1998) va Dd i n World Class 2.0 (2015) Cic dd i n niy da dem lai ket qua vugt bac khi thanh cdng xay dyng CO so ha ting hien dai, gdp phin dua 40 tmdng vao bing xdp hang Dai hgc ding cap qug'c te
Bdn canh do, Tmng Qudc cdn diu tu manh vio eic khu nghidn ciiu, chuyen giao edng nghe. "Cdng vidn Khoa hgc Z-Park" Ii mdt trong nhiing noi s i n xuit cdng nghd vi nghidn cihi chuydn siu Idn nhit Tmng Qa6c. Y Uidng niy lan rdng ra khip c i c hudng dai hgc va hp khing dinh minh hdn thi trudng edng nghd bang each xiy dyng cie edng vidn khoa hge cfla rieng minh. Han Qude vi Thai Lan cflng ed mdt sd ehinh sach diu tu xay dvmg co sd ha tang nhung chua tao nen sy khac biet qui Idn. Myc tidu ctu'nh cua Hin Qudc Ii diu tu vio trang thidt bi phyc vu giing day va t^p tiling xiy dyng cie tmng tim nghien ciiu. Do dd Hin Qudc d i xiy dyng dugc hon 500 tiung tim nghidn cfloi de phyc vu cho cic boat dOng nghidn cuu.
Vd Thii Lan, cd 2 du i n chinh vd diu tu xiy dyng co so ha ting dd tcto ndn sy khie bidt dd la "Du i n Tmng tim Xuit sic" va "Dy i n Dai hgc Nghidn eiiu Qude gia". Vdi du i n thu nhit, Thii Lan bidn nhting dai hgc dugc chi dinh thinh "Tmng tim Xuit sac" vdi mye dich cflng cd giio dye sau dai hge vi nghien ciiu hgp tae vdi cic nginh cdng nghidp v i tu nhan trong Iinh vuc khoa hpc va cdng nghd uu lien. Cdn vdi dy an thu hai, cac tiTidng d^ hge hang d i u dugc Chinh phu Thii Lan lya chgn diu tu de trd thinh "Dai hpc nghidn ciiu qude gia", vdi cic linh vyc chinh dugc chi dinh rieng cho tiing trudng. Hai dy i n cd mdi lidn he d i e bidt vdi nhau, hong khi "Dy i n Tmng tim Xuit sac" tip tmng tao ra nhung sin phim ngtiien ciiu khoa hge mang tinh c^nh tranh thi "Du an Dai hgc Nghien ciiu Qudc gia" tip tmng vio d i o tgo, phat tridn nhiing n h i nghien ciiu dd phyc vu myc Ueu tren.
Vd diu tu Uiu hut ddi ngfl giing vidn, nhi khoa hgc:
Ben canh vide cip hgc bdng vi h6 trg kinh phi nhu cac qudc gia khic, Tmng Qudc dem tdi eho nhin tai efla dit nude hg nhiing dii ngd xiing ding nhu tang luong thudng, ting vi the chinh tri trong x i hdi (tu nim 2005, Cyc Thud cdng bd nghd giao cd Uiudc nhdm ed muc Iuong cao). Ddi vdi nhung giing vidn nude ngoai, di kdm vdi miic luong eao edn Ii c i c dii ngd vd visa, nha 6, bio hidm y td,... Ngoii ra, Chinh phu Tmng Qudc rit chu Ugng viec thu hflt nhting nhin lii hdi huong bdi nguon nhin luc chit lugng eao cfla Tmng Qude cd mdt sd lugng khdng nho da va dang lam viec tai nude ngoii. Trong sudt qui trinh tridn khai dy an
"1000 tii nang", Chinh phfl Tmng Qudc da bd ra rit nhidu kinh phi vdi mong mudn Uiu hut nhung nhin tii trd vd lim vide vi phit tridn ky thuit cdng nghd cho nude nhi, trinh tinh hang "ehiy m i u chat xim". Vd phia Hin Qudc, Chinh phfl Hin Qudc tip tmng rit nhidu nguon lye vio vide diu tu thu hflt nhin tai phit tiidn nghien cuu khoa hgc. 0 du i n BK21, hon 60%
quy dugc phan bd thinh hpe bdng nghien ciiu cho sinh vidn cao hgc, 500 tiring tim va nhom nghidn cuu tii 67 tmdng dugc chpn di tidn hinh nghidn eflu sau mdt qui tiinh chgn Ige nghidm ngat. Khoing 20.000 sinh vien tdt nghidp, 500 nhi nghidn ciiu d i dugc h6 tig tai ehinh vi 7.000 giang vidn d i ttiam gia vao cac
chuong trinh. Chinh phu Han Qudc da dua ra mdt chuong trinh tii tig ridng dinh cho cic nhi khoa hpe xa hdi dd la "Dy an Khoa hgc xa hdi Han Qudc (SSK)".
Ben cgnh dd, Han Qudc edn cd ridng "Dy an BK21 PLUS" nhim nudi dudng Thac si va Tien si hoic nhflng sinh vien cd thd Ud thinh nhi lanh dao trong ndn kinh td sang tgo. Cdn vd Thii Lan, hg ed hgc hdi theo eae chinh sach tu cic qudc gia d i thanh cdng, tuy nhidn mdi chi ed "Dy i n Phit tiien nhin Iuc cua giio dye dai hge HE HRD" cung cip 16.000 hgc bdng tidn si vi sau tien si, chu' ehua xiy dung duge nhiing ehien luoc ey Uie vi tao ra nhidu thinh luu ndi bit.
Vd diu tu Uiu hflt sinh vien qudc td: Tmng Qude Ii qudc gia da cd danh tidng trong khu vyc boi sd lugng Idn eie trudng lidn kdt vdi eo sd d i o tcio nude ngoii.
Chuong tiinh "Study in China" xay dyng nam 2010 vdi kinh phi dugc cap Ii 20 ty NDT vi muc tidu dat 500.000 sinh vien qude td nam 2020, bidn Tmng Qud'e trd thinh diem den hang dau chau A cho sinh vidn qudc td (Hdi ddng Hge bdng Tmng Qudc, 2013), da cho thiy tham vgng Idn cua Chinh phu Tmng Qudc. Bdn egnh dd, mdt sd tmdng nhu Dai hgc Thanh Hoa, D^i hgc Bic Kinh cung ty eip nhieu hgc bdng cd gia tri cao cho sinh vidn qudc td. "Kd hogeh qudc gia vd cai each vi phat tridn giao dye tmng vi dii ban 2010-2020" do Hdi ddng Nhi nude Tmng Qudc cflng Bd giio dye ban hinh d i chi rd hai chidn luge eo bin dd qude td hda dd la (1) ning eip ehit lugng giao dye, nghien ciai vi phit tridn tim nhin qude td eua cac trudng dai hge Tmng Qudc; va (2) diy manh vide tuydn sinh sinh vidn qude td. Ddi vdi Hin Qude, nhimg nhin tai trong nude dang theo hgc tai nude ngoii vi cac sinh vien qudc td la nhiing ddi tuong quan trgng, Cbinh phfl da dit ehi tidu sd lugng sinh vien qudc td cy thd cho tung nam:
50.000 vio nam 2008, 100.000 vao nam 2012 vi 200.000 vio nam 2020. Ben canh dd, Chinh phu da xay dung rieng "Dy i n WCU" vdi sing kidn ##mdi Ii nd lye dao tao, thu hflt sinh vidn Udn si tai nang cfla Han Qudc vi dao tao hg nhu nhting hgc gii de canh hcinh trong thi trudng loan cau. Hin Qude ed rit nhieu dy i n dd thu hut sinh vidn qude td theo hgc nhu du i n
"Du hgc Han Qudc", "Dy an Hin Qudc", "Dy i n Global KU",.... Cd thd thay sd lugng dy an de thu hflt sinh vidn qud'e td cfla Han Qud'e nhidu hon ban eic dy i n diu lu eho co sd ha ting, ddi ngfl giang vidn,...
chiing td Hin Qudc ril coi hgng vide thu hflt sinh vidn qude te. Cdn Thai Lan d i thinh lip "TICA - Co quan hgp tic Qudc td Thii Lan" vdi muc dich tang cudng thu hut sinh vien qudc te va quan ly, nang ca cac chuong trinh hop tae qude td. Bdn canh dd, Thai Lan cflng td chuc "Hdi chg giao dye qudc td OCSC", cung c i p giio due va dai hgc tu khip noi trdn the gidi, kdt ndi vdi cic sinh vidn, phy huynh vi hgc gii Hoang gia Thii Lan. Dong thdi. Thai Lan cung hgc tap vi lidn hanh theo nhiing dudng loi va chien luge hieu qua cua cie qudc gia di trudc.
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3. Mot SO de ifuat ya kien jighj $oi vol. Viej Nam Tai iieu tham khao trong phat trien dai hoc dang cap quoc te trong
giai doan tin
Vd diu tu xay dyng ha tang phye vu giang day, nghien ciiu, Chinh phfl Viet Nam nen tip trung tidn hanh hien dai hoa, cdng nghe hoa eo sd vat ehit nhim hudng tdi giao due dat chuin qudc te. Dac biet, bong sd 16 phdng thi nghiem trgng diem qudc gia hidn nay mdi chi ed 2 phdng thi nghiem efla Bg giio due. Vay dd xay dyng Dai hgc ding cip qudc Id, cin phai dua cic
ADB (2016). Thailand: Higher education develop- ment project. September.
APEC (2015). Current Thai Education Policies and Reform. May.
Cai Y. (2013). Chinese higher education: The changes in the past two decades and reform tenden- cies up to 2020. January, 2013.
David, B. (2017). China's Pursuit of Overseas phdng thi nghiem sap nhip vdi tiirdng dai hgc nham Brains: The 1,000 Talents Policy. January, 2017.
diy manh cdng tic nghien ciru khoa hoc.
Ve dau lu tbu hut ddi ngfl giang vidn, nhi khoa hgc, Chinh phfl Vidt Nam cin dua ra chinh sich ho trg de mdi ggi cic nhi khoa hgc tdi lam vide va thu hflt nhin tii Viet Nam quay ve cdng hidn cho dat nude. Ngoii ra, cdn cin cd nhiing co chd uu dai vi su uu tidn dac biet ddi vol ngudi than efla hg. Ddng thdi, Chinh phfl Viet Nam nen yeu ciu cac trudng dai hoe cd kd hoach tuydn dyng, thu hflt nhin tai trong va ngoai nude ndi rieng. Ben canh dd, can ning cao chat lugng dgi ngu giang vidn trong nude, khuyen khich eae nha khoa hge ed nghien eflu xuit sic, cd ddng gdp cho dit nude bang cac giai thudng cd gia tri.
Ve diu tu thu hut sinh vien qudc td, bien nay eic hgc bdng hiu hdt ddu danh cho sinh vidn Lio va Campuchia, vay nen Chinh phu Viet Nam ed thd giim bdt nhung hoc bdng dd de md rgng eo hdi cho cac sinh vidn qude td khae. Ngoai ra, Chinh phfl Viet Nam eflng nen yeu cau eae trudng dai hgc ehfl trgng den vide giing day Tieng Anh, nang cao cie chuyen nganh dugc dao tao bang tieng Anh, ddng thdi td chuc nhieu chuong trinh trao ddi, tang cudng giao luu va hgp tic qudc td. Ben canh dd, Chinh phu Viet Nam cung co thd huy ddng eae doanh nghiep cung tham gia diu tu, thu hflt sinh vien qudc td dd hg ddn hgc tip vi lam vide tai Viet Nam./.
ICEF. Korea aims for 200,000 foreign students by 2023. October, 2015.
Jean S. Kang (2015). Initiatives for Change in Korean Higher Education: Quest for Excellence of Worid-Class Universities. June, 2015.
Pham Thi Ly (2010). Vai trd cfla nha nude hong viec xay dyng mdi trudng dai hgc dinh cao cho Viet Nam: Bai hgc thinh cdng va thit bai. Bao cao tai Hdi thao "Nhiing vin de dit ra ddi vdi giio dye dai hgc d Viet Nam". Thang 12, 2009.
QS Top Universities. QS Worid University Ranking.
2019.
Quydt dinh cfla Thfl tudng Chinh phfl sd 850/QD- TTG ve viee phe duydt dd an xay dyng cac phdng thi nghiem trgng diem. Thang 9, 2000.
Shin, J. C. (2009). Building worid-class research university: The Brain Korea 21 project. Higher Education. March, 2009.
Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2016). The innovation incuba- tor, university business incubator and technology bansfer strategy: The case of Thailand. Technology in Society. August, 2016.
Phan tich tai chinh tai Cong ty Co phan..
TiSp theo trang 105
Nguyen ein tich cue tridn khai eae giii phip nham giim ueu hao nhien lieu trong sin xuat nhu tan dung td'i da lugng phdi ndng nap Id. Dong thdi, tang cudng phdi hgp gifla cic don vi sin xuat phdi thep va can thep hong khau van chuyen (thdng Un ve Unh hinh chit lugng phdi va Unh toin thdi gian van chuydn) de lugng phdi thep eho ra Id nhidu nhit vi d nhiet do eao nhit. Tfl dd, gdp phan ha gia thinh va tang sflc eanh tranh ve gii bin trdn thi inidng./.
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Tai lieu tham khao
Bd Tai Chinh (2014), Thdng tu 200/20H/TT-BTC hudng dan ehd dd kd toan doanh nghidp. Luat kd toin sd 03/2003/QHli do Qudc hdi thdng qua neav 17/6/2003
Cdng ty Cd phin gang Ihdp Thii Nguyen (2015 - 2017), Bao cio tai ehinh nam 2015, 2016, 2017.
Chuin myc kd loan Vidt Nam: Chuan muc 1- Chuan mye chung; chuin muc 2: Hang tdn kho' chuin mye 3: Tai sin cd dinh hiiu hinh; chuan muc 4- Tai sin cd' dinh vd hinh;...