Chien liryc hop tac va phat trien thwong mai cua Han Quoc vol ASEAN trong th§ ky XXI^
Phan Thi Anh Thu*"'
Tom tat: Bdi viet ludn bdn vi chinh sdch vd ket qud hgp tdc thuang mgi cua Hdn Quoc v&i ASEAN ke tic th&i diem hai ben tr& thdnh doi tdc hgp tdc todn dien (ndm 2004) den khi chinh sdch "hu&ng Nam m&i" cita Tong thong Moon Jae-in ra d&i (ndm 2017). Tren CO s&phdn tich, ly gidi nhimg thdnh cong dgt dugc trong no luc gia tdng kim nggch vd thdng du thuang mgi tie Hdn Quoc, bdi viet cdng chi ro nhiing hgn chi cua quoc gia ndy trong qud trinh thuc day mdu dich voi ASEAN trong boi cdnh hgp tdc vd cgnh tranh dan xen cua kinh ti Dong A vd todn cdu.
Tir khoa: Thucmg mai, Han Qudc, ASEAN, Thd ky XXI
Abstract: The article discusses the policy and results of ROK on trade cooperation with ASEAN since the two sides became comprehensive cooperation partners in 2004 until the "New Southern Policy" of President Moon Jae-in was announced in 2017. On the basis of explaining the successes achieved in the effort to increase turnover and t)-ade surplus from ROK, the paper spotlights the country's limitations in the process of promoting trade with ASEAN in the context of cooperation and competition of East Asia and the global economy.
Keywords: Trade, Republic of Korea, ASEAN, The 21^ Century I. Dan nhap
Sau nhiing sdng gid ciia cudc khiing hoangtaichinh-tidnte chau A (1997-1998), Han Qude bat dau nhan thuc sau sac ve mdi hen ket giira Ddng Bac A vdi Ddng Nam A, dac bidt la vai trd hgp tac ciia ASEAN trong ITnh vyc thuang mai nham duy tri va can ' Nghien cuu nam trong khuon kho De tai "Chien luge hop tac va phat trien quan he ciia Han Quoc vol ASEAN (2004-2017)", ma s6 T2019-03, do TS. Phan Thi Anh Thu lam chii nhiem. Nghien ciiu dugc tai trg boi Tniong Dai hoc Khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van, Dai hoc Qu6c gia Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
'•'TS., Tnrcmg Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hgi va nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Tp. Ho Chi Minh;
Email: [email protected]
bang Igi ich kinh te ehung d Ddng A. Den khi vi the qudc te ciia ASEAN dugc cai thien vao nhiing nam 1990 cimg vdi sy trdi day cua nhiing "con hd" chau A, Han Qudc da coi Ddng Nam A la dia chi hgp tac kinh te trpng diem cua cac nude thupc the gidi thu ba vdi tiem nang thay the Lien minh chau Au (EU) de trd thanh ddi tac thuang mai chu ehdt ciia Han Qudc. Nhan thiic nay xuat phat tir thyc td mdt qudc gia chu yeu phy thupc vao xuat khau nhu Han Qudc rat can thi trudng xuat sieu nhu ASEAN vi ngay trong thdi diem nam 1997, khoang 10% hang hda nhap khau ciia Han Qudc van den tir khu vyc nay (Bridges, 2006).
Chien luge hop tac.. 55 Trong the ky XXI, tidn trinh hdi nhap
kinh td Ddng A vdi lyc lugng ndng cot la 10 nude thanh vien ciia ASEAN cang dien ra theo ehieu hudng tich eye, cac co ehe hgp tac da phuong nhu ASEAN+I, ASEAN+3, ASEAN+6, Cgng dong Kinh td ASEAN (AEC) da va dang hua hen nhiing ca hdi hgp tac mdi ve thuong mai va dau tu cho Han Qude. Dac bidt, "khi mdi quan he eua ASEAN vdi eae ddi tac chinh trong khu vyc ngay cang sau rdng, Han Qudc se noi len nhu mgt tru edt eiia tien trinh hgi nhap kinh te d chau A, ndi lien Trung Qudc, An Do va Ddng Nam A" (Leong, 2007). Xuit phat tir thyc te nay, viec that chat quan he kmh te vdi ASEAN da trd thanh ndi dung cdt loi va cd tinh xuyen sudt ciia nen ngoai giao Han Qudc. Day la ly do thdi thiic qudc gia nay timg bude hdi nhap va ddng vai trd quan trpng trong vide hinh thanh trat ty kinh te the gidi tai khu vyc, tien phong la nd lyc hgp tac thuang mai vdi ASEAN tir nhiing nam 2000 bdi neu eiing nhau hgp sue, Han Qudc cung cac nude ASEAN va md rdng hon niia la toan bd Ddng A se trd thanh ddng lyc tang trudng ciia kinh te toan eau va the ky XXI se la the ky cua Ddng A.
II. Chien luge hop tac va phat trien thuong mai cua Han Quoc vdi ASEAN trong the k y X X I
1. Th&i ky tir doi tdc hop tdc todn dien din ddi tdc hap tdc chien luffc (2004-2010) Nam 2004 danh d i u thdi ky phat tridn thang hoa trong hgp tac kinh te Han Qudc - ASEAN. Thanh cdng nay dugc khdi ngudn tir kdt qua ciia viee Han Qudc ky ket "Tuydn bo ehung vd quan he ddi tac hgp tac toan dien trong thd ky XXI" tai Hdi nghi Thugng dmh vdi ASEAN (nam 2004), qua do, dd ra phuang hudng hgp tac kinh td theo ba trgng didm: (I) Tdng cuang quan hi doi lac kinh te todn diin. tgo dpng luc cho cdc moi quan
hi ddi thogi vd doi tdc thuong mgi; (2) Hoan nghenh khuyin nghi ciia nhdm chuyen gia ASEAN - Hdn Quoc vi cdc bien phdp mo rpng thuong mgi vd ddu tu hai chieu bdng tu do hoa vd hpi nhap thi tru&ng; (3) Thiit lap Khu vuc mdu dich tu do ASEAN - Hdn Qudc (AKFTA) Idm bu&c dem de quan he Hdn Quoc - ASEAN phdt trien todn dien thong qua viec logi bd thue quan vd cdc hdng rdo phi thue quan nhdm tgo moi tru&ng kinh doanh thdn thien, doi ben ciing co lai (Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2004). Vdi cae ndi dung neu trdn, Tuydn bd ehung ve quan he ddi tac hgp tac toan dien Han Quoe - ASEAN (nam 2004) khdng chi cd y nghTa tang cudng hieu biet ddi ben ve nen tang hgp tac ehung ma cdn tap trung vao van de thiie day trao ddi kinh te tir dau the ky XXI vdi cac giai phap trgng tam va cu the, trong do, nhiem vu nghien ciru va xay dyng AKFTA dugc coi la edt loi.
Khi Tdng thdng Rob Moo-hyun ky ket
"Tuyen bd ehung vd quan he ddi tac hgp tac toan dien" (nam 2004) vdi ASEAN, Han Qudc da mong mudn thiet lap AKFTA danli cho thuang mai hang hda va dich vy giiia hai ben. Day la "giai phap kep" de Han Qudc vua tang cudng vai trd cua minh trong he thdng thucmg mai da phuang, vua thuc day hgp tac ASEAN+3 de tien tdi hinh thanh mdt khdng gian kinh te thdng nhat d Ddng A. Hon the nira, AKFTA con la eo sd cho mdi ben nam giir Igi thd so sanh trong mdi quan he vdi cac nude Idn d chau A - Thai Binh Duong, tao ra vi thd rieng cho Han Qudc va ASEAN trong Dien dan Hgp tac Kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Duang (APEC). Vdi tim quan trpng nhu vay, cac cudc dam phan ve van dd nay da dugc khdi ddng tir diu nam 2005 va hoan thanh trong hai nam vdi myc tieu ed it nhat 80% san phim khdng thue vao nam 2009 (Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2004).
56 Thong tin Khoa hpc xa hoi. sd 3.2020 Trong "Ke hoach hanh ddng thyc hien
Tuyen bd ehung ve quan he ddi tae hgp tac toan dien" (nam 2005), Han Qudc da cam ket
"nd lyc md rpng trao ddi thuong mai va tao dieu kien gia tang hang nhap khau ASEAN
hang hda hai chidu da tang them 16,3% (len miie 71,9 ty USD so vdi nam 2006). Con sd ndi tren cdn tiep tue eham nguong 90,2 ty USD (nam 2008), tir dd, dua Han Qudc vuon len trd thanh ddi tac thuong mai Idn vao thi tmdng hong nude" (Association of thir ba cua ASEAN, sau Trung Qudc va EU Southeast Asian Nations, 2005). Tir dinh (Kim Hyun-cheol, 2009).
hudng nay, ASEAN da nhanh chdng trd thanh ban hang Idn thir nam cua Han Qude vdi kim ngach thuang mai dat 53,5 ty USD - chiem 9,8% tdng kim ngach mau dich cua Han Qudc (WTO Center, 2013). Kd thira nhiing ket qua da dat dugc, Han Qudc cdn trien khai vdi ASEAN "Hiep djnh khung vd
Thang 11/2007, tai Hdi nghi cap cao ASEAN - Han Qudc, Singapore, AKTIS dugc ky ket da tao nen tang phap ly dd md ciia thi trudng cho cac nha cung cap dich vu cua ca hai ben. Nhd dugc xay dyng tren ca sd cac cam ket theo "Hiep dinh ehung ve Thucmg mai Dich vu" (GATS) cua Td chuc hgp tac kinh te toan dien" (nam 2005) va Thuong mai The gidi (WTO), Han Qudc sau dd la eae hidp dinh cy the theo timg ITnh cd dieu kien thiic day quan he kinh te sau vyc nhu: Hiep djnh Thuong mai hang hda rdng vdi ASEAN thdng qua viec bd sung ASEAN - Han Qudc (AKTIG, 2006), Hiep
dinh ve Thuang mai dich vy ASEAN - Han Qudc (AKTIS, 2007) vaHiep dinh vd Co chd giai quyet tranh chap ASEAN - Han Qudc (ADSMUFA, 2005) nhim tao ndn tang phap ly eho qua trinh hinh thanh AKFTA.
Vdi viec nghien cuu va di den ky ket AKFTA rdi AKTIG, Han Qudc da tao ra ket qua dot pha chua tung cd trong lich sir hgp tac kinh te vdi ASEAN trong the ky XXI; cu the, tir nam 2006, sau khi thyc hien
cae ITnh vyc hgp tac mdi nhu kinh doanh, xay dyng, giao due, dich vu vien thdng, mdi trudng, dich vu du lich va dich vy giao thdng van tai. Tiep sau Tmng Qudc, Han Qudc la ddi tac thir hai hoan thanh vide ky kdt AKTIS vdi ASEAN. Thdi diem AKTIS chinh thiie cd hieu lyc tir thang 5/2009 thi Han Qudc da dat 74,7 ty USD kim ngach thuang mai vdi ASEAN (Xem: Bieu dd 1).
De danh gia tien trinh hgp tac kinh te Han Qudc - ASEAN sudt hai thap nien vira AKTIG, quan he thuong mai song phuong qua va vach ra chien luge phat trien cho hai da cd diem tua dd phat trien nhanh „.= ^x, „. . , .,., „ <
•^ - Bieuflo l.Kim ngach tliuong mai HJin Quoc-ASEAN (2004-2010)
chdng vdi kim ngach xuat nhap khau hai chidu dat 61,8 ty USD (tang 15,5% so vdi nam 2005) (Xem: Bieu dd I). Ket qua nay cang ciing cd viing chac vi tri ddi tac thuang mai Idn thu nam ciia Han Qudc d Ddng Nam A - xep sau Trung Quoc (118 ty USD), Nhat Ban va EU (78,5 ty USD) va My (76,8 ty USD). Ddn nam 2007, khi AKFTA chinh thuc cd hieu lyc thi quan he thuang mai
Dan vi: Ty USD
46,4 53,5
71,9 74,7
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Nguon: Tac gia tong hop tir websibe: htlp://wwiv.kita.org - Trang dU li^u cua Hiep h$i Thuang mai Han Quoc (KITA - Korea International Trade Association).
Chien luge hgp tac..
thap nien sap tdi theo hudng md rdng cac linh vyc hgp tac ehung, Han Qude da td ehue Hdi nghi Thugng dinh vdi ASEAN d Jeju (nam 2009); tren ea sd do, nude nay chii ddng de xuat hai ndi dung then chot vd vin dd thiie day mau dich: Thie nhdt, Han Qudc dua ra mue tieu nang kim ngach thuong mai song phuong len 150 ty USD vao nam 2015 thdng qua AKFTA va cac thda thuan thuang mai ehung; Thu hai, Han Qudc vach ro bon nhdm giai phap nham hien thyc hda tham vpng ndi hen, ey thd la: (1) Khai thac yung tam ASEAN - Han Qudc vao cac boat ddng quang ba thuong mai va dau tu ciia hai ben;
(2) Hgp tac va quan ly thyc hien AKFTA bang each tang eudng cac kenh hgp tac hien cd, dae biet la cac dy an hgp tac kinh te song phuang; (3) Hoan nghenh edng ddng doanh nghiep cua Han Qudc va ASEAN phat tridn quan he kinh te trong khudn kho khu vyc mau dich tu do. Cdng nhan vai trd va tao dieu kidn cho cae doanh nghiep vira va nhd (SMEs) cua hai ben trd thanh dgng lyc tang hTidng kinh te nhd dugc hudng Igi tir AKFTA; (4) Khdi ddng thao luan Hiep djnh Dich vu hang khdng Han Qudc - ASEAN, bao gdm van chuyen hanh khach va hang hda bang dudng hang khdng vao dau nam 2010 nham thiic day trao ddi thuang mai, dau hi va du lich (Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Korea, 2009). Cd the thay, ben canh nd lyc hinh thanh Hiep dinh Dich vu hang khdng, van dd AKFTA ludn dugc xac dinh la. "true xuong sdng" trong chien luge hgp tac va phat trien mau dich eua Han Qudc vdi ASEAN. Nhd sy thdng nhat cua cac ben vd nhimg ndi dung hgp tac thuong mai ehung, Hdi nghi Jeju vao nam 2009 da timg bude nang tam anh hudng ciia Han Qude vdi ASEAN len ngang hang hai nude lang gidng Ddng Bac A la Tmng Qude va Nhat Ban.
2. Th&i ky tit doi tdc harp tdc chiin lugrc den khi eong bo chinh sdch "hu&ng Nam m&i" cua Tong thong Moon Jae-in (2010-2017)
Vdi hang loat ddng gdp va sang kidn eiia minh nham thiic day quan he thuong mai hai chidu, Han Qudc da hd thanh mdt trong nhijng ddi tac kinh te hang dau eua ASEAN. Ke tir nam 2010 vdi kim ngach trao ddi dat gin 100 ty USD, ASEAN da la ddi tac thuong mai Idn thir hai ciia Han Qudc, chiem ban 11% tdng kim ngach thuong mai cua nude nay so vdi phan cdn lai ciia the gidi (Lee Myung-bak, 2010). Chi phi lao ddng ngay cang tang d Trang Quoc va su tut ddc cua quan he Han Quoc - Trang Qudc ke tir khi Tdng thdng Lee Myung-bak len nam quydn la nguyen nhan chii ydu dua kim ngach thuang mai vdi ASEAN tang trudng trong chudi mau dich toan ciu ciia Han Qudc. De thiic day da phat trien manh me cua cac hoat ddng hgp tac kinh te, Chinh phii Han Qudc va lanh dao ASEAN tidp tyc dat muc tieu dua thuang mai song phuong Idn 200 ty USD vao nam 2020 dd khuydn khich hai ben khai thac hieu qua hon eae ca hdi kinh doanh do AKFTA tao ra.
Nham dua quan he vdi ASEAN len nac thang mdi thdng qua viec tdi da hda AKFTA trong vdng sau nam nua, Han Qudc cam kdt khuyen khich khu vue tit nhan cua nude nay tham gia vao cac ITnh vyc hao ddi thuong mai hang hda, thuang mai dich vu, dau tu;
ddng thdi nd lyc xay dyng Hdi ddng kinh doanh Han Qudc - ASEAN trd thanh co quan tu van, dinh hudng kinh doanh nham hd trg eae doanh nghiep vira va nhd ciia ASEAN (Yonhap News Agency, 2014). Nhd vay, trong giai doan 2010-2015, ngudn thang du ma Han Qudc thu dugc nhd trao ddi thuong mai vdi ASEAN da tang ban ba lan (tir 9,1 ty USD len 29,8 ty USD). Chi tinh rieng
58 Thong tin Khoa hpc xa hgi. sd 3.2020 thdi diem tir sau khi hai ben chinh thiic trd vien ASEAN. Nhiing giai phap nay da gdp thanh ddi tac hgp tae chien luge, lan dau tien
Han Qudc da dua kim ngach xuat khau vdi ASEAN can mdc 84,6 ty USD cung ngudn thang du dat 31,2 ty USD (nam 2014) (Xem:
Bieu dd 2). Do lien tuc tich lily mau dich theo chieu hudng chii yeu tang tidn (2010-2015) nen den nam 2016, ASEAN van vdng vang d vi tri ddi tae thuang mai Idn thu hai ciia Han Qudc vugt qua ca My, EU, Nhat Ban va ehi xep sau Trang Qudc.
Ngay tir nam 2010, Han Qudc da manh me va chii ddng ban trong viec chuyen hudng tang cudng quan he vdi 10 nude Ddng Nam A nham giam bdt sy phu thude vao cae ddi tac thuong mai tmydn thdng nhu Trung Qudc va My. Chinh bdi tien de va ddng lyc nay, cuoi nam 2017, Tdng thdng Moon Jae-in da cdng bd chinh sach "hudng Nam mdi" vdi ndi dung trpng tam la day manh lien kdt giiia
phan quan trpng vao ket qua trao ddi hang hda cua Han Qudc vdi ASEAN nam 2017 dat 95,3 ty USD xuit khiu va 53,8 ty USD nhap khau, nang tdng kim ngach thuang mai len gin 150 ty USD (Xem: Bieu dd 2). Tir day, boat ddng ngoai thuong vdi ASEAN da chidm ddn 14% tdng giao dich
Bilu d& 2. Xuat nhap khau va thang du thu^ong mai cua Han Qu^c vdi ASEAN (2010-2017)
Dcm vf: Ty USD
2012 2 0 1 3 : 2 0 1 4 ; 2015 3016 2017 ' 53.3 - 53,4 : 45 , 44.3 53,8 ; aXuatkhSu 53,2 71,8 79,1 82 \ 84,6 " 74.8 ; 74.5 95.3
2010 2011 J Nhap khiu 44,1
^ — T i l i n g dir 9,1 18,7 27,2 28.7 ; 31,2_ 29.8; 30,2 Al.5_
Nguon- Tac gia tong hi;rp lir websibe: http7/www. molie.go.kr/
wwiA'/main-do - Trang web cua Bg TbiEong mai, Cong nghiep vaNang lirgng Han Quoc (Ministry ofTrade, Industiy and Energy (MOTIE).
Han Qudc va ASEAN ciing nhu gia tang sy budn ban d nude ngoai cua Han Qudc va anh hudng vd kinh td cua Han Quoc tai thi han the niia, ASEAN ludn la ddi tac thuang tradng hon 600 trieu dan nay. Chinh sach mai Idn thu hai ciia nude nay xuyen sudt mdi chii trpng hgp tac kinh te vdi ASEAN giai doan 2010-2017.
theo dinh hudng "ddi ben" cimg cd Igi thay IV. Mot so nhan xet
vi chi "dcm phuong" khai thac hang loat Trong the ky XXI, hgp tae thuang mai qudc gia nhd yeu nhu cac eudng qudc Ddng cua Han Quoe vdi ASEAN hudng den hai A da thuc hien trong qua khu. De kien tao myc tieu la cung cd vi the qude te eho Seoul sy "thinh vugng" cho nhan dan Han Qudc
va ASEAN trong the ky XXI, Tdng thdng Moon Jae-in chu truong tao ra nen tang hgp tac kinh te ehung nham hd trg cho cac nude
va bao vd ndn kinh te dinh hudng xuat khau trade mdi de dpa tir nhiing ndn kinh te cua phuang Tay. Chu trucmg ndi trdn la mdt phan trong sang kien "ngoai giao chau A dang phat trien d chau A, dien hinh nhu mdi" do Tong thdng Lee Myung-bak de ASEAN, chu khdng ehi duy tri loi ich kinh xuat vao thang 3/2009 vdd mong mudn giiip te rieng cho Han Qudc. Quan diem tich eye Han Qudc khang dinh vi the "tam trang"
va thien chi nay dugc Chinh phii Han Qudc d Ddng A thong qua nd lye "ty chu kinh hien thyc hda bang hanh ddng chia se kinh te". Xuyen sudt chien luge hgp tac va phat nghiem phat tridn va hd trg xay dung co sd trien quan he mau dich vdi ASEAN, Han ha tang, dap ung nhu cau tang tmdng kinh Qudc da khdng ngimg day manh hoat ddng td dai ban va bdn viing eua cac nude thanh giao luu kinh te thdng qua cdng ey die
Chien luge hgp tac... 59 dung la xuat khau hang hda (thuong mai)
vdi mue tieu tham nhap thi tmdng ASEAN, qua dd, gia tang loi ich kinh te cho qudc gia va m d rdng pham vi anh hirdng tai khu vyc. Trong thdi ky 2004-2017, thanh cdng cua Han Qudc trong quan be kinh td vdi ASEAN khdng chi dugc phan anh qua kim ngach thuang mai (dat tmng binh 100 ty USD/nam) ma cdn bieu bien d ket qua ky ket Cling nhu thyc hien thanh cdng AKTIG va AKTIS song phuang.
Dii da dat dugc nhieu ket qua quan trgng nhung trao ddi thuang mai ciia Han Qudc vdi ASEAN v i n ton tai mat ban chd do nude nay chi tap tmng thiic day mau dich vdi mdt sd ddi tac truyen thdng chir chua phan bd ddng ddu cho da sd cac qudc gia thanh vien ASEAN. Thyc td, trong giai doan 2014-2016, ba nude Viet Nam, Indonesia va Singapore da chiem den hon 6 5 % tdng kim ngach thuang mai cua Han Qudc d khu vyc; trong khi dd trao ddi thuang mai vdi ca bdn nude Campuehia, Lao, Myanmar va Brunei ciia Han Qudc ddu dat dudi miic 3 % (Korean Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 2017). Rieng Viet Nam da chidm tdi 13,3%
tdng kim ngach thuong mai vdi ASEAN (nam 2010) va cdn tang len ddn 42,9% (nam 2017) (Sungil Kwa, 2018). Ndu khdng kip thdi da dang hda hoat ddng thuang mai vdi cac thanh vien khac trong Hiep hpi, Han Qudc se khd long thuc day tidn trinh xay dyng Cdng ddng kinh td ASEAN (AEC) can dich vao nam 2025.
Cd the thay, chien luge hgp tac va phat tridn thucmg mai cua Han Qudc vdi ASEAN trong the ky XXI van dan xen ca hai mat thanh tyu va thach thirc. Dieu quan trpng la, vdi vj the cudng qudc tam tmng cd anh hudng ngay cang Idn d pham vi Ddng A, Han Qudc can chu ddng ket ndi va tao dyng mdi quan he ben chat hem niia vdi ASEAN
thdng qua hgp tac kinh te tuong hd, ddi ben ciing cd Igi. Chi khi nao Igi ich song triing cua hai ben dugc duy tri va dam bao thi sgi day gan kdt mdi quan he ddi tac hgp tac chien luge ve thuang mai mdi cang them ben chat.
Day la didu kien quan trgng dd kidn tao sy thinh vugng ehung cho ca hai ben trong giai doan thir hai Han Qudc trien khai chinh sach
"hudng Nam mdi" (con gpi la "hudng Nam mdi 2.0") ke hr nam 2020 ciia thd ky nay a Tai lieu tham khao
1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2004), Joint Declaration on Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Republic of Korea, https://asean.org, accessed on 13/9/2019.
2. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2005), ASEAN - Republic of Korea Plan of Action to Implement the Joint Declaration on Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership, https://asean.
org, accessed on 17/9/2019.
3. Bridges, Brian (2006), "From ASPAC to EAS: South Korea and the Asian Pacific Region", CAPS Working Paper Series No. 172, Centre for Asian Pacific Studies.
4. Jaehyon, Lee (2019), "Korea's New Southern Policy: Motivations of "Peace Cooperation" and Implications for the Korean Peninsula", Issue Brief, No. 7, The Asan Institute for Policy Studies.
5. Kim Hyun-cheol (2009), "Korea, ASEAN to Sign Investment Accord", The Korea Times, http://
www.koreatimes.co.kr, accessed on 22/7/2019.
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Sinh hudng nghe nghiep..
12 tru&ng trung hgc phd thong duoi dnh hu&ng cua nen kinh te thi truang (Khdo sdt tgi tinh Phu Thg), Luan van thac sT Giao due hpc, Dai hpe Thai Nguyen.
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