Gdi y td chuTc day hpc mon hpc \\ia chpn oi irifoing trung lipc phd thong
theo ChiTdng trinh Giao due phd thong mdi
Pham fiilc Quang\ Le Anh TuSn^
Nguyen Sy Hifp ^
' Em^ pdquanghn62ktFiing@gm3il,com 2 Email [email protected] Vi3n Khoa hQC Gido dgc Vl^t Nam 50 U^u Giai, Ba Dinh, Hi m, W Nam
> Tniang Tnjng hgc cd sd Oka Sii Tich Oi/Ong Hilu Ngtii, ttii tran CS l i liuySn Tn/c Ninh, tinh Nam 0|nh, Vi6t Nam Email: nguyenhlepedu@gm3]l com
TdM TAT: Day hgc phan hoa la xu the eua thdi dai: mang dam tu tUdng dan chO hoa nha trudng, dim bio cong b^ng xa hgi. gop phin thue hi$n phan luong hgc sinh,...NhUng d nude ta den nay vdi nhiiu giao vien vin cdn la vin di cin CO nhOng hudng din them. Bii viit lam rd them vi day hgc phin hoi, cd sd khoa hgc eua day hgc phan hoi, tu tudng ehCi dao vi nguyen tic, cac bUdc to chUc day hge phin hoi, tU dd ggi y cich thUc to chUe dsiy hgc mdn hgc lua chgn theo Chuang trinh Giio duo phS thdng mdi nude ta (ban hinh thing 12 nSm 2018).
lii KHdA: Day hpc phan hod; day hpc mon hgc liTa chon.
•» Nhgn b^MV02/2019 •» Ntian ket qiS pfian bi^n vi chinti site 20/3/2019 -> Duyet dang 25/4/2019.
1. Oat van de
Chuong ttinh gido dye (CTGD) ph6 thong mai a nuoc ta theo dinh hucmg phit trien nang lue nguai hoc, dugc ban hanh thang 12 nam 2018. Theo do, a trung hgc pho thong (THPT) CO t3ng cucmg d^y hoc phan hoa (DHPH). Nhung dSn nay, 6 nu6c ta, vdi nhifiu giio viSn (GV), thiSt ke va to chiic DHPH van con la van de mai. Vi the da so con iiing tung, mong muon dugc huong dan cu the de co the hieu va t^r tin khi to chuc DHPH, dip umg yeu ciiu ciia chuotig trinh moi. Bai viet nay nhim gitip GV hinh dung lai ve DHPH;
CO so khoa hpc eua DHPH a truang pho thong; tu tuang chii dao v^ nguy6n tSc, cic bucrc to chiic DHPH; goi y day hpc mon hgc l\ra chpn theo CTGD pho thong mod.
2. Npi dung n g h i e n ciiru
2.1. IVI^t so van Hi chung v l day hpc phSn hod 2.1.1. Day hpc phan hoa
DHPH la mpt quan diem day hpc, mgt huong de t3ng cirimg phong cich hgc tap ciia ca nhan, giiip phat tnln n5ng luc cho nguai hpc, gop phan doi moi giao due nuac nha, Quan diem nay dupe hinh thanh dya tren nhieu ca sa Wiic nhau nhu trinh dp nhan thiic ciia nguai hpc, nhu ciu ciia ngucri hgc, phong cich hgc va tri tue ciia nguai hpc,...
Chinh cac yeu to do hinh thanh nen ban chat, dac thii ciia DHPH, do la phai d^y hpc sao cho vira sue vai doi tupng, phSt trien dugc ti6m nSng ciia ngudi hpc va t^o hiing thii cho ngucri hpc. Theo do, dac digm ciia DHPH la phat hien va bu dap 16 h6ng kign thiic, tao dpng luc thiic diy hpc tap;
bien niem dam me trong cugc song thanh dpng lyc trong hijctSp.
Tu tu6ng chu dao eua DHPH la ISy trinh dg phat trign Chung ciia ngu6ri hpc trong ldp lam c6t vk su dyng cic bi§n
phap day hpc de gitip ngudi hpc cd trinh dp yeu kem dat dugc trinh dp chung, giup ngudi hgc kha, gidi dat trinh dg cao hon. Muon vay, ngudi day phai thiet ke cic npi dung va cd hinh thiic day hpc phii hop vdi ddi tugng de tao hi?u qua cao nhat cho gid day.
yh CO ban, chiic nang eua DHPH la lam cho qua trinh va he thdng d^y hpc thich iing cao han vdi ngudi hgc, vdi nhiing dac diem ciia nhom dan cu, nhdm xa hpi, nhdm tudi, vdi ban chit ty nhien va xa hdi ciia viec hgc t^p vi vdi dieu kien khac nhau de dam bao chit lupng hgc tap, ddng thdi dap ting hi?u qua hon myc tieu giao dye qudc gia, nhu cau va loi ich xa hpi. Cd thi thiy, DHPH la xu th6 ciia thdi dai, mang dam tu tudng dan chii hda nha trudng, dam bio cdng bing xa hdi; gdp phin thyc hien phan ludng hpc sinh (HS);
CJ hirdng phd thdng, DHPH cd thS thue hi?n d 2 cip dp nhu sau:
- DHPH a cdp vTmo (hay phdn hod ngodi), la to chiic qua trinh day hpc thdng qua cic loai trudng, ldp khac nhau, cho cic ddi tupng HS khic nhau, xay dung cac chucmg trinh giao due (CTGD) khac nhau.
Phan hda ngoai chinh la each td chiic day hpc theo cic CTGD khac nhau cho cic nhdm ngudi hgc khic nhau nhim dap ling dupe nhu ciu, sd thich va ning lyc ciia timg nhdm dd. K6t qua phan hda ngoai phy thugc chii yiu vao vi?c thi6t kd ngi dung, chuang trinh cic mdn hpc.
Cd nhilu hinh thiic td chtic DHPH ngoii khac nhau, nhung da sd cac nude theo mdt trong hai hinh thiie sau:
Phin hda theo hvtangphdn ban vi td chiic d^y hpc phan hda theo hudng lua chgn.
- DHPH a cdp vi mo (hay phdn hod trong), la t6 chirc qui trinh day hpc trong mpt gid hpc, mpt ldp hgc, cd tinh din d§c dilm timg ddi nrpng HS. nhd sii dyng nhihig bi?n
Stf 16 thing 4/2019 Ji
nunicn I.UU LI LUAN
phip thich hgp trong mdt ldp hpc, ciing mgt CTGD va sich giio khoa. Hinh thiic niy ludn dugc xem la cin thiit, dd la nhiem vy ciia GV tryc tilp giang day ciing nhu ciia cin bd quan li chuyen mdn d cip trudng.
Phdn hoa trong chinh la each day hge chii y tdi cac ddi tugng rieng bi?t, ci nhan hda ngudi hgc tren ldp, phu hpp vdi timg ddi tugng dl tang hieu qui day hpc, kit qui phan hda trong phu thupc chii yeu vao nang luc va phucmg phap day hpc eua ngudi day.
Phan hda trong dugc quin triet d tat ci cac cip, ldp hgc vi d tat ci cic mdn hgc hay hoat ddng giio due cd trong CTGD phd thdng. Theo dd, viec thiet ke day hgc dam bao ySu ciu cin dat cila CTGD va nhit la khi bien soan sach giio khoa, can chii y den cac yeu cau va miic do khic nhau ciia ciing mdt van de hay mdt npi dimg. Han niia, de phan hda trong cd hieu qui rat can den phucmg phap day hgc va each kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hgc tap phii hgp eua GV.
Phan hda trong dugc coi trpng d tat ca cic cap hpc; phan hda ngoai dugc thyc hien tang dan d cap Trung hpc trong giao due phd thdng, d3c biet phan hda manh d cic ldp cudi THPT Cic nha giao due cho rang can thue hi?n phan hda d giao due phd thdng bdi mot sd li do chinh sau day:
Thif nhdt, HS trong cimg dp tudi vua cd su gidng nhau, lai vira cd su khic nhau ve nhan thiic, tu duy, ning khieu, sd trudng, dieu kien, hoan canh, gia phong,.,. Moi em cd nhiing sd thich, nang luc, sd trudng rieng va chiing di hpc vdi nhimg dgng luc, dieu kien, hoan canh khic nhau. Vi the, nha trudng can trang hi eho HS nhiing kien thiic phd thong ca bin, nen ting, cdt loi ddng thdi cd nhiem vy giiip cic em phit trien toi da kha nang tiem an eua minh. Theo dd, DHPH tdt se dap iing dupe cic mong dpi viia n6u.
Thu hai, phan hda d trudng phd thdng giiip cho phan ludng HS, dip iing nhu cau ngudn nhan luc trong xa hpi.
Han niia, do sy phit trien khoa hgc vi phit trien kinh te, xa hgi ddi hdi ngudn nhan lyc da dang, bupc nha trudng phd thdng, nhat la trudng THPT phai DHPH de dap iing yeu cau thi trudng lao ddng ciing nhu cho giao due d b|c Dai hpc, hay cac trudng nghe; dap iing dupe yeu cau dao tao chuyen sau ve mpt ITnh vyc khoa hgc hoac nganh nghe chuyen biet.
2.1.2. Cd sd khoa hoc eua day hpc phan hoa 6 triiifng phd thong a. Ca sd triit hoc eua DHPH
C.Mac cho rang con ngudi la tdng hda cac mdi quan he xa hpi. Theo dd, mdi ngucri la chii the ciia mdt he thdng cic mdi quan h? xa hdi phong phii va da d ^ g , do dd cd nhan each rieng, cd the gidi tinh than rieng, mang tinh dpc dao, khdng ai gidng ai. Mgt nen giao dye nhan van ddi hdi myc tieu giio dye phai toan di?n; npi dung giio due phii thiel thyc, da dang va giiip timg loai ddi tupng ngudi hgc phat triin: cau tnic phai mem deo, linh ho^t, phii hgp vdi yeu cau vi dilu ki?n eua ngudi hpc [I].
b. Ca sd tdm li hge eua DHPH
Theo Hys Eysenck, nhan cich ciia con ngudi phy thugc vao cac loai than kinh. the hi?n qua d^c tinh ciia cic thai dg.
hanh vi. Mdt sd d$c diem co bin \ e cic I091 thin kinhcd anh hudng din sy phit triin nhan cich. din qui trinh hpc ciia cic loai ddi tupng ngudi hgc, do dd lien quan den dinh hudng nghe nghi?p [2].
Thuylt Da tri tu? ciia Howard Gardner da gnip ta cich hilu nhan ban va cin thiit vl tilra ning. thien hudng khdng nhu nhau giiia cac ngudi hpc, vl dSc diem, phong each hpc, keu ggi nha hudng va GV coi trgng sy da d ^ g ve tri tu?, sy thdng minh d mdi HS dl thiit kl d?iy hgc [3].
Theo li thuylt Phong edeh hoc tap, Dunn (1979) cho ring: Phong cich hgc la mpt nhdm cic dac diem ci nhfin cd tinh smh hgc va dya vao dd ma GV phit triin nhihig each giing day, tuy nhien, chiing cd thi hi?u qua ddi vdi nhdm HS nay va khdng hoae it ed tac dyng ddi vdi nhdm HS khac [4]. Cd nhiing phong cich hgc khic nhau nhu: Hge hoi nhd kenh thj gide (thich dimg tranh inh...); Hgc hoi nha kenh thinh gide (thich sir dung am thanh...); Hgc hoi nha Idi noi (thich sir dyng ngdn tir...); Hge hoi qua hogt dgng the chdt (thich sir dung ca the, cic hoat dgng the chat...);//pc hoi bdng suy lugn logic (thich sut dyng suy luan, logic va he thdng); Hoc hdi qua giao tiep xa hoi (thich ho^t dpng trong cic nhdm...); Tuhgc, tu tim toi khdmphd (thich \m vi$c ca nhan, tinh l^ng) [5]. Theo do, can cd nhiing phuong thiic phii hgp de bien viec hgc tap trd thanh mgt cdng vi?c de ding han.
c. Ca sd gido diie hgc eda DHPH
Chiing ta diu bilt ring chiic ning ciia giio dye li phit trien ngudi hgc. Vi the, muc tieu tdi thugng ciia giio dye la phai giiip mdi ca nhan phit trien va tren ca sd dd t^o ra dgng l\rc thiic day xa hpi phit tri6n. Tuy nhi^n, ci nhan chi cd the phit trien tdi da khi nha giio due va he thdng giao dye dip ling nhiing khi ning, nhu cau, nguyen vgng, bdi mgt CTGD, ngi dung va cich thiic d^y hpc phii hgp.
2.1.3. Tlf ttrdng chu dao va nguyen fac, cac liifdc t6 chOc day hpc phan hoa
a. Tu tuang chu dao DHPH
Lay trinh dp phit trien chung ciia HS trong ldp lim nen ting; Tun cich de giiip nhimg HS d d i ^ yiu kem d^t dugc trinh dp chung; giiip nhimg HS kha, gidi, tren ea sd di d?t dupe nhutig yiu ciu ca ban, dam bao dupe nhihig yeu ciu nang cao.
b. Nguyen tde DHPH
Trong DHPH, can tao mdi quan h? dan ehii giifa thiy va trd, giiJa trd vi trd dl gnip cic em edi md, ty tin. Theo dd: GV thira n h ^ nhimg ngudi hgc trong cimg mpt Idp la khdng nhu nhau; Coi trpng chit lugng han so lugng; T^p trung vao ngudi hpc; Hpc tip la sy phu hgp va hiing thii;
Hai hoa giiJa d^y hgc dong lo^t (toin ldp) vdi hpc tbeo nhdm, hay hgc ci nhan;...
c. Cdc budc td chuc DHPH
Budc 1: Hieu rd ddi mgng ngudi hgc trudc khi giing d^y;
Budc 2: U p ke ho^ch d^y hgc, so^n bai dya tren p h i tich nhu cau ngudi hgc;
^2 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Pham Oilc Quang. Lg Anh Tuin, Nguyen Sy Hi^p
Budc 3: Trong gid d^y, GV kit hgp linh hoat nhieu PPDH, lya chgn nhihig hmh fliurc td chiic day hgc phii hgp, dim bao ngudi hgc d^t dugc myc ti6u di dinh;
Budc 4: Kilm h^, dinh gii sy tiln bp ciia HS trong sudt qua trinh giang day.
d. Hinh thue ea bdn eua DHPH
DHPH gdp phin phit huy toi da tilm nSng, dam bao sy phat ttiln eua HS bing each dip ting nhu ciu va giiip cic em tiln bp. Vi thi, cd thi DHPH theo nhiing eieh khic nhau nhu: Dya theo hdng thii cila ngudi hpe; theo kha ning nh?n thirc ciia ngudi hgc; theo thi6n hudng, phong cich hgc ciia ngudi hpc; theo ddng ca, Ipi ich hge tap ciia ngudi hoc;...
2.2. Day hpc mdn hpc lUa chpn theo ChUdng trinh Giao due pho thong mfli (ban hSnli thang 12 nam 2018)
Theo CTGD phd thdng mdi, HS se dugc hgc 12 nam va chia thinh giai doan gido due ca bdn (tir ldp 1 den ldp 9) va giai do?n gido difc dinh hudng nghe nghiep (tir ldp 10 den lop 12). Mgt trong nhiing myc tieu d THPT li giiip HS lua chon nghe nghi?p phii hgp vdi nang lyc vi sd thich, dieu ki?n vi hoin cinh ctia rainh, de cd the tiep tuc hgc len, hay h^c nghi, hole tham gia vao lao ddng, sin xuat; cd khi nSng thich ung vdi nhirng ddi thay trong bdi cinh toan eau hoa va each m^ng cdng nghiep mdi.
2.2.1. Ttf ttfdng chung ve day hpc mon hpc lila chpn 6 trilifng trung hoc pho thong theo Chifdng trinh Giao due pho thong mdi Trong CTGD phd thdng mdi cd cic mon hgc vd hogt dong gido dtic (ggi chung li mon hgc). Dk gdp phin ddi mdi cin bin va toin di§n giao due nude nhi, CTGD phd thdng mdi cSn giai quyet tdt nhilu vin dl, trong dd cd DHPH. Theo d6, d giai d o ^ giio dye co ban, xay dyng mdt sd mdn hpc theo cic hpc phan (md-dun) va cic chii de khac nhau de HS lira chpn, phii hpp vdi nguyen vpng eua minh va kha nang to chiic ciia nhi trudng. Cdn vdi giai doan giio due dinh hudng nghe nghi?p, d THPT, phan hda bang dgy hoe lua chgn. Hon ni^a, trong chuang trinh ciia hiu hit eic mdn hpc dTHPT cdn cd cic chuyen de hgc tgp.
a. Cic mdn hpc bdt huge gdm: Ngii van; Toan; Ngoai ngQ 1; Giio dye the chat; Giio dye qudc phdng va an ninh;
Ho^t ddng trii nghiem, hudng nghi?p; Npi dung giao dye ciia dja phuang.
b. Cic mdn hgc lua chgn gdm 3 nhdm, mdi nhdm cd 3 ni6n:
'Nhom mon Khoa hgcxa hgi (K.HXH), gdm: Lich sii, Dia li, Giio dye kinh te va phip luat;
- Nhom mon Khoa hge tu nhien (KHTN), gdm: Vat li, Hoa hge, Sinh hgc;
- Nhom mdn Cong nghe va Ngh? thudt (CN-NTh), gdm:
C6ng ngh?, Tin hgc, Ngh? thuat (Am nh^c, MT thugt).
HS cin chgn 5 mdn hpc tir 3 nhdm mdn hpc tren, mdi nhdm chgn it nhit 1 mdn hpc.
c. Cac chuyen di hgc tap
Mdi mdn hgc nhu Ngir vin, Toan, Lich sii, Dja li,... cd nhiing chuyen de hge t|.p nhim thue hi^n yeu ciu phan hoi sau, gitip HS ting cudng thue hanh, van dyng kiln thiic dd giai quyet nhOng van dl ciia thue tien, dip ung yeu eiu dinh hudng nghe nghi?p. Thdi lugng danh cho mdi chuyen de dd khoang 10 tiet hoac 15 tilt; tdng thdi lugng dinh cho cac chuyen de hpc tap eua mdt mdn hpc la 35 tilt/nam hge.
Cl moi ldp 10, 11, 12, HS chpn 3 cum chuyen &k hgc tip eiia 3 mdn hpc phii hgp vdi nguyen vpng ciia bin than vi kha nang td chiic ciia nha trudng.
Cac trudng cd the xay dung cae td hgp mon hpc tir 3 nhdm mdn hgc vi chuyen de hpc tip ndi tren dl vira dip ling nhu cau ciia ngudi hgc vua bio dim phii hgp vdi dieu kien ve dgi ngu GV, ca sd vat chat, thiet hi day hgc eua nhi trudng.
d. Cic mdn hgc lua chgn, gdm: Tieng dan tpc thieu sd, Ngoai ngir 2.
2.2.2. Gdi y to chulc day hpc mon hpc lila chpn A trung hpc pho thong
D I triin khai day hpc mdn hpc lya chpn d THPT theo CTGD pho thong mdi dupe tdt, cic ca sd giao dye cd thi tiln hanh theo cic ggi y sau day, chung mang tinh tuong ddi, mdi nha trudng c6 thi linh hoat khi \%n dyng.
a. Bu&e thir nhat: Chudn bi cae dieu ki$n day hoc mon hgc lua chgn
- Tdi lieu day hoc: Nha trudng phii chuin bi day dii nh&ng tai lieu do Bp Giao due vi Dao tgo ban hanh de GV nim viing chuang trinh, dac diem mdn hgc, ke hoaeh giang day,...
- Dpi ngu GV: Nha trudng cin dim bio cd dii GV de thyc hien theo chuang trinh mdi. Tuy nhien, ban dau vdi mpt sd mdn hgc (nhu Am nhac, MT thuat,..) nlu nha trudng chua ed du thi cin mdi GV (thinh giing), day dii 35 tuin/nim hgc, hoac cd thi chi day trong vai thing, nhim dira bio sd tiet quy dinh.
- Ca sa vat chdt, thiit bi dgy hpe: Nha trudng can cd du thiit bi day hpc, phdng hpe, dac biet la phdng hgc cho mgt sd mdn hpc mdi nhu Am nhac, MT thugt,...
- Nguon luc: Nhi trudng cin cd ngudn kinh phi dii de chi tri cho GV thinh giang hay trang bi mpt sd thiit bj day hgc can thiet.
b. Budc thu hai: Td ehirc eho HS ddng ki mon hpc lua chpn
Do HS dugc chgn 5 mdn hpc tu 3 nhdm mdn hgc d THPT, mdi nhdm chgn it nhat 1 mdn hoc nen cd khi nhilu td hgp chgn. Vdi moi lua chgn, HS cd thi cd nhimg ca hgi de vio mdt sd trudng dai hpc (xem Bing 1):
Vi thi, nha trudng ein chuin bi cic phuang in trien khai tuang img. Nhin chung, \ iec hudng din HS ding ki mdn hgc lya chgn va dip img sy lua chpn eua cic em la khdng dl ding, moi nha trudng cin tiing budc vgn dyng va dieu chinh cich lam cho phii hpp vdi dilu kien thyc tiln. Cy die nhu sau:
sa 16 thang 4/2019 ' '
NGHIEN COU Lf LUAN
Bing 1: Sjnh hilOng va cic mtn hoc Ilia chpn TD hgp filnh hXSng v i cac mon hoc lila chon
fl|nh hildng: KHXH - Nhi^m KHXH: Lich sii, Dia li, Gido dijc Idnh te va phdp luat
• Nham KHTN' Vat li
• Nh6m CN-NTh- Cong nghe
- Nh6m KHXH: Uch sii, Oja li, Gido dec Idnh te va phap luat - Nhdm KHTN' H6a hgc
- NhOm CN-NTh: Tin hpc
- Nhom KHXH: Lich sil, Ola li, Giio doc kmh 18 v i phSp luat - NhiSm KHTN: Smh hoc
- Nh6m CN-NTh: Am nhac
Vdi cdc mdn hoc li/a chon theo dinh hi/dng KHXH, HS cd the dl thed nhiing ngdnh hoc sau i M c Dai hpc:
KHXH, Sl/ pham: L u a t : Bdo c h i ; Tuyen t i u y i n : Ngoai - giao , Vdn h o a : Cong dodn; Du l|ch,...
Djnh hLMng: KHTN - Nhdm KHXH: Lich sil
- Nhdm KHTN: Vat li. Hod hgc, Sinh hgc - N h d m CN-NTh: Mi thudt - Nhdm KHXH: Dja li
- Nhdm KHTN: V | t 11, Hdd h o c Sinh hoc - Nhdm CN-NTh- Cdng ngh^.
- Nhdm KHXH: Gido due kinh te vd phdp ludt - Nhdm KHTN: V } t II, H o i hgc, Sinh hoc - Nhdm CN-NTh: Tin hgc
Vdi cdc mdn hgc lila chgn theo djnh hildng KHTN, HS cd the di thed nhflng nganh hoc sau it bac Dai hoc: KHTN;
Su pham; Bdch khoa; K i l n tnic; Giao thdng; Ngdn hdng;
- Tdi chinh; Y Dupc: Ludt; Kinh te; Thtldng mai; Di$n li/c;
An ninh, Ki thudt gudn SU; li/16 dia c h i t ; D i u Mil,...
Djnh hildng: CAng nghe v i Tin hoc - Nhdm KHXH: Lich siJ
• N h d m KHTN: VStII
- Nhdm CN-NTh: Cdng n g h | . Tin hoc. Am nhac - Nhdm KHXH: Dia 11
- N h d m KHTN: Hda hoc
- Nhdm CN-NTh: Cdng n g h i Tin hoc. Mi thuit - Nhdm KHXH: Giid due kinh te vd phdp luSt - Nhdm KHTN: Sinh hpc
- Nhdm CN-NTh: Cdng nghd. Tin hoc. Am nhac
Vdi cdc mdn hdc li;a chpn thed dinh hudng Cdng nghi v i hn hoc, HS cd the di thed nhiing nginh hpc sau d hie G i i hoc: Cdng ngh$; Tin hgc; Buu chinh viSn thdng;
" Su pham; Ki thudt cdng nghj^p; Ndng nghiip; Thuy Ipi;
ThOy sdn; Ldm nghiep, ..
Dinh hudng: Nghe thudt - Nhdm KHXH: Lich si), GIdd due kinh te'vd phap luit - Nhdm KHTN: V i t li
- Nhdm CN-NTh: Am nhac, MTthuit - Nhdm KHXH: Ljch sil, Dia li - Nhdm KHTN: H d i hoc - Nhdm CN-NTh. Am nhac Mi thuit
Vdi c i c mdn hpc lua chgn theo dinh hudng Ngh$ thudt HS cd the di theo nhflng ngdnh hpc sau d bdc Dal hpc:
Nghe thudt: San khau: Dien i n h ; Thiit k l thdi trang; MI
~ thudt cdng nghilp; Sil p h i m ( m i m non, t i l u hpc); Ou ljch; V i n hda,...
- Nhdm KHXH: Ljch sil - Nhdm KHTN: Vdt li, Smh hpc - N h d m CN-NTh' Am nhac MI thudt
M TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO DOC VlfT NAM
rnain uuc uuang, te Ann i uan, nguyen by mep
Phuang an thu nh&t: Khi HS chi duprc chpn mgt trong so nhung to hptp mon hoe md nhd trudng eo khd nang ddp ung
Nha trudng can lam rd kha ning ciia minh ve dgi ngu GV, ca sd vat chat trang thiit bi,... va cdng khai cho HS, nhit li phu huynh HS dl giiip cic em phuang an chpn mdn hpe thich hgp, khi thi.
Theo cich nay, nha trudng cin hudng din HS dang ki mdn hgc lira chpn ngay tir dau ldp 10 de cd the bd tri, xep Idp hgc theo dieu ki?n eiia minh. Tuy nhien, gia dinh vi nhi tmdng can cd su tu van de HS chpn dugc nhdm mdn hpe theo nginh hgc tuang iing, sau phd thdng.
Phuffng dn thu hai: Khi HS du^e tiiy chpn ede mon hge theo y thich
NIU cho HS duge tiiy chgn cic mdn hpc theo y thich thi se cd rit nhilu td hpp mdn hgc dupe chgn (xem Bang 1), ma khi chua chuan bi tdt nha trudng cd the khdng dip img dugc cic nguyen vpng iy.
Khi dd, dl khi thi vdi dilu ki$n hien cd ciia minh, nha tnrdng can hinh dung va cd chuan bi them, chang ban:
Ludng trudc nhiing td hgp mdn ma cd qui it HS ding ki, khd t^o thanh ldp (theo quy djnh trong Dieu l# trudng hpc {Thong tu 12/2011/TT-BGDDT: Ban hdnh Diiu I? truang trung hpc ea sa. trudng THPT vd truang pho thong eo nhiiu cdp hpc)), nha trudng s5 khdng dii dieu ki?n td chiic giang dg-y dugc hit, de tu vin sao cho eic em chgn nhirng tl hgp mdn cd nhieu ngudi ciing ding ki, rdi tfio thinh ldp.
Cdn sau khi HS da ding ki ma cd nhftng td hgp mdn khdng thi dip iing ngay, hoic qui it HS, khd t^o thanh ldp, nhi trudng cd thi nghT tdi phuong in lien trudng, tham khio nguyen vpng ciia HS d mOt sd trudng xung quanh dl cd th6 tu van ghep eac nhdm nhd nay thanh nhdm Idn, tao ldp phii hgp, 0 mgt sd nude nhu Han Qudc [6], khi dilu kign vl internet khi tdt, vdi vifc img dung e-leaming vio day hgc, HS cd thi hge online,... thi bii toin vl td chuc DHPH, day hgc mdn lya chgn vl co bin dugc giii quyet.
c. Budc thu ba: Xdy dung ke hogch day hge vd ddnh gid Sau khi da ed dugc sd lieu ehinh xie ve sd mdn chpn, sd ldp chgn, nhi trudng se sap xep thdi khoi bieu, bd tri GV thich hpp.
- Cd thi xIp thdi khda bieu cho mdn lya chpn theo tiing hgc ki nhung cung cd thi xIp theo timg tuin, timg ngay tuy theo dilu kien va sy khic bigt vl tinh chit eua cic mdn hge, Tii li^u tham khio
[!] C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen, (1981), TuyIn tip, tip II, NXB Sythit, HaNgi, tril.
[2] https://webspace.ship edu/cgboer/eysenck-hmil [3] https://www.verywellmmd.com/gardners-theory-of-mul-
nple-intelligences-2795161
[4] https://www.shmoop.com/teachers/teaching-leaming- styles/leaming-styles/dunn-and-dunn.html
[5] http//cafebiz.vn/co-7-phong-cach-hoc-ban-co-biet -minh- hoc-the-n ao-la-hieu-qua-nhat2017041 9192558 713.chn
[6] Ph^m Diic Quang, (2018), Gido dtfc thong minh nhin tir md hinh eua Hdn Qudc, Ki yiu Hgi thao Qudc gia, NXB
thdi gian hpc (keo dii hay tap trung trong thdi gian ngin), GV giing day (ca hiiu hay thinh giing),...
- Mdt viec khdng kem phan quan trgng li nhi trudng can xay dimg ke hoach dinh gii ket qua hgc tip cic mdn hpc dugc HS chpn mdt cich phu hgp va xie thue.
d. Bu&e thu tu: To chuc dgy hpc vd ddnh gid kit qud hgetap
- GV td chiic day hpc theo ke hoach eua nha trudng, Ihuc hien theo thdi khda bieu; hinh thiic day hgc can phii hgp vdi die thu ciia mdi mdn hgc va ddi tugng ngudi hge.
- GV td chuc dinh gia ket qui hgc tap eua HS theo hudng din.
- Trong mgt sd trudng hgp, nha trudng ed the phdi hgp vdi sd giio due vi dao tao de cap chung chi cho nhiing HS hoin thinh ket qua hpc tap vdi mgt sd radn hpc, nhat li nhiing mdn lan dau dupe day hpc d THPT (nhu Am nhac, MT thuat, Tieng dan tde thieu sd, Ngo^i ngii 2); phdi hpp vdi Ban chi huy quan su de cap chiing chi cho nhiing HS hoan thanh mdn Giao due qudc phdng vi an ninh.
e. Budc tha- ndm: Dieu chinh vd hodn thien ke hogch dgy hpc
- Nha trudng va GV cin nit kinh nghiem sau qua trinh trien khai td chiic day hoc mdn hgc lya chgn. GV can cd bio cio ve vifc td chirc day hgc vi dua ra mpt sd de xuat vdi nhi trudng, sao cho cd the hgp li hem d lan sau.
- Mdt sd trudng THPT tren cung dia ban cd the phdi hgp td chiie trao ddi kinh nghiem ve viec trien khai td chiic d^y hgc mdn hge lua chpn, dua ra mgt sd khuyen nghi, de xuat vdi sd giao due vi dio tao,...
3. Kit luan
Cd thi thiy DHPH la xu the eua thdi dai; mang dim tu tudng din chu hda nhi trudng, dim bao cdng bang xa hpi; gdp phin thue hien phan luong hpc sinh;... Nhung d nude ta din nay, viec td chuc DHPH, day hgc mdn lya chpn con li mdi me, nen nhieu nai cdn liing tiing, cd the niy sinh nhilu vudng raac, khd khan trong qui trinh thyc hien, nhit la khi dieu kien ve co sd vat chit, dpi ngii,...
ciia nhi trudng chua dim bio. Nhiing de xuit tren day la hiru ich vdi cac sd giio dye vi dio tao, vdi cic nhi trudng khi triin khai CTGD phd thdng mdi. Cic budc neu tren chi la tuang ddi, nhi trudng cd the van dung linh boat, tiiy theo dieu kien eua minh.
Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan.
[7] Bg Giao dye va Dao tao, Chuang trinh Gido due pho thdng. ban hdnh theo Quyit dfnh 16/2006/QD-BGDDT ngay 05 thdng 5 ndm 2006.
[8] Bg Giao dye va Dao t^o, Chuang trinh Gido due phd thong - Chuang trinh long the. ban hdnh theo Thong tu s6 32/2018/TT-BGr>DT ngay 26 thdng 12 nam 2018 [9] Bg Giao dye va Dao tao, Chuang trinh Gido due pho
thong - Chuang trinh cdc mon hgc. ban hdnh theo Thong tusS i2QQ18/Tr-BGDDTngdy 26 thang 12 ndm 201S.
[10] On Target: Strategies That Differentiate Instruction Grades K-4. created by ESA 6 & 7 with support from
S616 thang 4/2019 b
NGHIEN CUu LfLUAN
the SD Dept. of Education ©Copynght 2006: Blaclc Hills Special Services Cooperative (BHSSC) 1925 Plaza Boulevard, Rapid City, SD 57702
[11] Pearl Subban: Differentiated iDStmction: A research basis. International Education Journal, (2006), 7(7), 935- 947. ISSN 1443-1475 C 2006 Shannon Research Press, http //iej.com.au
[12] Stephen Joseph, Marlene Thomas, Gerard Simonette
& Leela Ramsook Centre for Education Programmes, ne Uniyersily of Trinidad and Tobago: The Impaa of Differemialed Instruction in a Teacher Education Sellmg. Successes and Challenges, Inlemational Jourml of Higher Education Vol. 2, No. 3; 2013, wn-M.sciedu.ca/
ijhe.
SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING ELECTIVE SUBJECTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS UNDER THE NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN VIETNAM
Pham Due Quang', Le Anh Tua^^
Nguyen Sy Hiep^
' Email: pdquanghn62Mmng@9mail com ' Email; leanhtuan222@gmail,com TTie Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences 50 Ueu Giai. Ba Ointi, Hanoi. Vietnam ' Dao Su Tich Secondary school Huu Nghi street. Co Le town, Ninh True distnct Nam Dmh province, Vietnam Email: nguyenhiepedu@gmatl,com
ABSTRACT: Differential teaching can be considered as the trend of the era with the deeply thought of school democratization and social justice assurance to contribute to the student classification. Hov/ever, in Vietnam, this issue still needs further guidance for teachers. This article will clarify more about differentiation teaching, its scientific base, mainstream thought and principles as well as a set of steps for differentiation teaching. The article then provides suggestions for teaching Elective subjects in high schools under the new general education curriculum in Vietnam (issued in in December 2018).
KEYWORDS: Dltterenllallon teaching; teaching Elective subjects.
36 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO OIJC VlfT NAM