MOT SO GIAI PHAP.
Cho cof che quan ly sjfdung flat Of TP.HCM
n Nhufng bdt cdp trong cd chS qudn ly va suf dung d^t dd thj dang khien cho cac do thj Viet Nam phdi d6i mdt vdi nhidu vdn di nan gidi. Vi vdy de khdc phuc cac ydu kem trong suT dung vd qudn ly dat dd thj nen bdt dau tU cac gidi phap ve cd chd cua ITnh vUc ndy.
PSS.TS.TRgNlHI THU LUUNG | CAUSES OF THE CURRENT WEAK SITUATION IN MANAGEMENT AND USE OF URBAN
LAND IN HO CHI MINH C i n
In the achievements of Vietnam's renovation. Vietnam is rising to read) the future, the urbanplaymgmost impressive color. However, it is still facing many inadequacies, disorder and spontaneous devetopmenl in the field of land use management in the context of fierce competition of integration.
Management practice and use of urfsan land in HCM city show that there are 3 groups of the mm causes leading to the above situation including: the group on management mechanisms: the group related to conditions such as support for land management of urtxtn infrastructure, system of property registration, land inlormalion systems wtiich are not well responsi'.e tne g:cup re.stea :c r^n-.an land management
These causes have close relationships with each other and interacted However, within the scope olthis paper the author focuses ttie groups causing the weakness ol management and urban land uses exist in the mechanisms ol land management To overcome the shortcomings of existing land use and wtan management should start from these points.
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Nguyen nhdn cCia thUb trang yeu k e m trong qudn ly v a suf dung dat d T P . H C M
Thgc tidn quin ly v i sd dgng dat dd thj d TP.
HCM cho thay, ton tai noi bit trUdc hit Id cd che quan ly chia cdi khdng ding bd. Cd ehl nay lam inh hudng nghiem trong din sg vdn hdnh cua quy hoach dd thi - cdng cg quan trong vio bde nhat cua quin ly dai dd thi Hidn nay cd it nhat ba Bd quin ly nha nudc thgc hien ba loai quy hoach trdn ciing mdt mat bang dit dai dd thi cua thinh pho.
Bd Tdi nguydn vd Mdi trUdng quin ly dat dd thi vdl tu cich dat dai Id tdi nguydn Id Ihdnh phin quan Irpng bac nhit eua mdi tn/dng, Bd Tai nguyen v i Mdi XrdiJng sd dgng cdng cg quin ly quan trpng la Quy hoach sd dgng dit Quy hoach nay thi hidn sg phdn b l , dieu tilt viec sd dgng tdi nguydn dit dai vdo mgc dieh phdt trien kinh le - xd hdi, bdo vd tii nguydn mdi tn/dng.
Tuy nhidn edc ngdnh kinh t l xa hdi nhU cac ngdnh cdng nghidp, ndng nghiep, y l l , giao dgc, van hda, giao Ihdng, vidn Ihdng, didn, 1^ phai cdn cdvdo Quy hoach long thi kinh t l xd hdi de xdy dung eic quy hoach cua ngdnh.
Quy hoach long the kinh t l , xd hdi ndy do Bd k l hoach diu lu thiet lap va quin ly, Quy hoach sd dung dit cua Bd Tdi nguydn mdi tn/dng dUdc Ludt Dal dai quy dmh Id ed sd phdp ly cho vide giao dat, cho Ihue dit, Ihu hdi dat, chuyen muc dich sd dgng dat giup nhd nudc quin ly dat dai. Tit nhidn nhU vay quy hoach sd dgng dat cd tie ddng ln;c liep din cic nginh kinh l l , xd hdi vd ddi hdi eic quy hoach phdl Iriln nginh nay phii dupc t'ch hpp diy du v i thong nhat trong quy hoach sd dung dat. Nhung trdn frige t l , do cd chl quin ly chia cit, nen quy hoach sd dgng dat hidn chf d mdc "tham vin han ehl" cdc nganh kinh t l , xd hdi. Vi vdy, vide quy hoach dit dai eho cic nginh kinh t l quy hoach sd dgng dat chua bio dim bin dp thong nhit va tUdng thich vdi phan quy hoach cie ngdnh ndy trong quy hoach long thi kinh t l xa hdi eda Bd K l hoach Dau tg
Cdng quy hoach mdt bdng dat dai do Ihi v i cung Id cdng cg quan ly dit dai dd Ihi cdn ed quy hoach xiy dghg. Quy hoach xdy dgng bao gom ylu t l sd dgng dat dai vd ylu t l khdng gian trdn, dgdi trong mat bang dit dai, dam bao phdn b l hpp ly cae khu vgc cua dd
thj, giii quylt tit dupe moi quan hd cda cie khu chdc nang trong dd thj, Quy hoach ndy lao dilu kidn to chdc tit cu|e sing v i mqi hoat ddng cua dd thi, t l chdc khdng gian kiln triie cinh quan vd mdi trudng sao cho ddp dng dUdc cdc ydu cau v l mdt thdnh phd nang ddng, hip din, phdt triln bin vdng, giau bin sic, ding Ihdi phii hidn dai vd kit nli III vdi cic Ihinh pho khdc trong e i nUdc cung nhu trong khu vgc. Quy hoach ndy dupc giao eho Bd Xdy dgng cung hd thing cO quan nginh dpc thilt Idp vd quin ly.
Nhu vdy git/a Quy hoach sd dgng dat vd quy hoach xdy dgng cd nhdng dilm chung Id diu phii lich hpp diy du vdi quy hoach ting thi phdt triln kinh t l , xa hdi v i cie quy hoach nginh. C i hai cung quy hoach trdn mat bang dat dai thdnh pho vd deu phii sap xep mdi bing ndy sao cho ihgc hidn dgdc mgc tieu | cull cdng la phat tnln kinh t l , xa hdi vd bio I vd mdi Irudng. Nhu vdy ehung pha ed mil quan hd lUdng hd chdt che nhjp nhdng vd do dd ddi hdi phii duoc dilu hanh quin ly ddng : bd td vide thilt lap den viec thgc thi. Nhung cung do cd chl quan ly chia cat thude hai Bd . khac nhau, nen hai loai quy hoach ndy chua gin kit phli hdp dUde vdi nhau va Iren thuc t l cd sg triing lap v l ndi dung quy hoach.
Vide cung mdi luc cic ed quan khdc nhau • cung Idp cdc quy hoach cho mdt mat bing | dat dd thj khdng nhCing gdy lang phi, Ion kem ! ngdn sich nha nude, lang phi nhdn cdng, Ihdi gian md cdn tao ra nguy eo thilu dong bd vd ' chdng chdo, chua k l din bin thdn s i lieu ed i sd, cac lidu ehi da khdng Irung khdp. Hau qui j Id, edng cg quan ly quy hoach khdng sd dgng dUPe mdt cdeh hidu qui nlu khdng ndi Id bi vd hieu hda bdi tren cdng mdt vj tri mot mat | bang khdng thi dUde chi dao thgc hidn cac \ mgc dieh sd dgng dii khdc nhau vdi ranh quy I hoach khdc nhau.
Cdc gidi phdp de xuit khic phgc ton tai trong cd chl quin ly, lang hidu qui cho eic edng cg quin ly vT md (quy hoach, ludt, gid dat).
UBND cin thdnh 1 ^ mdt l l chdc chuyen trach v l quy hoach In/c thude UBND thdnh pho, Ly do phdi Ihdnh Idp to chdc nay I i do phuong phdp quy hoach liin tiln ddi hdi phii ddp dng cic yeu ciu: Tieh hdp du cdc thdng tin khoa hpc GIS, LIS; phii ddng bd (khdng mdu thudn, khdng chong chdo); phii ed sg tUdng thich (dim bao vdn hdnh nhjp nhdng) vd lidn kit trong mdt he thing khoa hoc thong
: cap trong cac lual din
trung UOng thi d quy md Ihdnh phi chung ta cin phai thgc thi ngay sg dli mdi bing cich thanh idp mdi to chdc ndng v l quy hoach trgc thude UBND thdnh phi vd cung cSp cho nd du quyln igc de thgc thi dli mdi. Thgc hiin dieu nay thi hidn vai trd tidn phong cua thdnh pho bdi vi cac ldi hd thing v l co chl trong quin ly dit dd thi chic ehdn khdng cht giy hduquixludTP. HCIulmdcdnldvi^ftcdedd | thi khde trong c i nude. Nlu TP. HCM thgc thi thi dilm thanh cdng sg dli mdi ed ehl Irong quy hoach dd thj, Ihl sdc Ihuylt phgc d l thay doi se Idn vd tao dgpc sg chuyin biln i l l cho cdng tdc quy hoach dd Ihi cua c i nUde.
UBND thanh phi cin ph& dUa ra dUpc cie quy dmh mdi, cho phep khic phgc cdc tin tai va tao dupe eo chl tuong thich, tao dilu kidn d l to chdc chuyen trach v l quy hoach mdi thinh lip ndi trdn, ed dd quyln igc thgc thi doi mdi. Sd dT nhg vdy Id vi Id trUdc tdi nay CO chl quy hoach kilu mdi khdng phii chUa tdng dUde gidi thieu (de dn VIE/95/051 Id mdt vi dg diln hinh). NhUng da hdn 10 nam qua, nd vdn chua Ird Ihdnh thuc te. Nguydn nhdn quan trpng nhit I i vi nd chua dupe to chdc thuc hidn bang quyln Igc nhd nude, nghTa Id chinh quyln vin ddng ben ngoai qua trinh thiet Idp ed ehl quy hoach mdi ndy Hidn nay neu muln doi mdi cdng tdc quy hoach, chinh quyln thanh phi phii tham gia tnjC t i p bang cdeh thdnh lap mdi to chdc dilu hdnh vide thilt lap quy hoach theo kilu mdi va cung cap eho nd mdt quyln Igc d l thgc hien thdng qua eic van bin ludt vd edc vdn ban dudi luit lidn quan den vide t l ehdc quy | hoach theo md hinh quy hoach mdi.
Kinh nghiem cua nhilu nudc phdt triln do thj hda, cie nude niy deu sd dgng ludt d l dim bao cd chl quy hoach dUdc thgc hidn nghidm tue. Vd chung ta cung ehi lam nhU viy mdi cd thi xdy dung dupe mot quy hoach dd lim eho sU phit Iriln cua thinh pho. Ngodi vide tieh hdp du thdng tin, vide xiy dgng quy hoach theo cd chl mdi ddi hdi phii cd mdi sg phli hdp d trinh dd cao eua nhilu bd phan quan ly, hdn nda edn phii khac ehl Ihdi quen quin ly chia cdt, thilu ding bd cda cd chl cu. Do dd, nlu khdng luit hda vd dUde chl dao thgc hidn quylt liet bdi mdt bd phin chuydn Irich ed quyen lUc, nlu chl phli hpp theo kilu 'Iham van", "hdp tic" chung chung, Ihi ty 16 Ihinh cdng rat thap neu khdng muon no I i se that bai nhu da that bai trong nhieu nim qua.
Tit nhidn ddy Id mdt thich d l bdi vl vi$c thay dli nay chamjdi thay doi quy md, thay dli hd thong, thay dli cd chl, do do nd ddi hdi chinh quyen phii gidc ngd cao, quyll tdm cao, phii
bdng dUdc Ihi mdi hy vpng thdnh cdng.
Ddy Id khdu ddt phd d l tao ra chit lUdng li la khdu diu tidn v i cip bieh m i chinh quyln thdnh phi vd cdc ed quan chdc ndng phii tid'n hdnh ngay, cing d l chdm, cing phii t r i gid ddt, thdm chl ed I h l la khdng the t r i dupe,
Cdn phdi l u ^ hoa s ^ t h a m gia cua cdng ddng vdo k d ho^ch xfty d^hg c h i t i d t
Guy djnh rd cdc ke hoach chi lilt d dja phUdng
thilt phSl giS quyft, vl d&y l i Cd sd quan trpng nhit d l giii quyll vin d l .
Tuyen Iruyen ehi cd the khuyln khich mo.
trudng ding thudn, tao thuin Ipi eho vide giai ding thuin Id van d l giii quylt hai hda dUoc Ipi k:h cda cac bdn.
ngdnh Uiam gia vd bdng nh edn td nhieu hudng, Tuy nhidn, cd the thay nli bdt d ddy mdt so van d l nhu: gia dat den bd, Idi djnh cU, vide Idm cua ngudi ddn viing giii tda, quin ly ddn nhdp cu...
Thay ddi c d c h d tinh gid ddt den bu gidi phdng m ^ bdng Van d l gii din bu dit dai lien quan m tdi vin d l dang ky bit ddng san va tl chinh quyln dja phUdng dd, Chinh quyln d Vidt h _ __..__. ,__ . . dia phUdng cung ed quan chdc ndng Idp quy ddng sdn Ihudc sd huu loan ddn, khdng hoach phii cdng khai cie vin de quy hoach, coi Id hang hda mua bdn ndn ehiing ta t l chdc de cac cU din, cac doanh nghidp. cic mdt he thong ddng ky vd giao djch BDS cU,.., liin quan din 1<
kiln vio quy hoach.
I.XD S6SA 2011
Cd the cd nhieu sang kiln khic d l giii quylt vin d l niy nhung Iheo kinh nghidm dd thanh cdng 6 cie nude phit tnln dd thi hda khdc trong khu vgc Chdu A (nhat Id Hdn QuIc va Indonesia) Ihl vide bude cdc chu sd dgng dat phii chia s i quyln dupc cd khdng gian sing eho nhdng ngudi ngheo hdn bing cich trong khi thgc hidn cie dg dn tdi dilu chlnh dat edc I chO sd dgng phii chip nhdn khiu Ird mdt I phin didn tieh d l bin theo gii r i eho quy dit xdy dgng nhd cho ngudi thu nhdp thip, cdc I chu diu lU dg m ciJng phdi hi sinh mdt phin ldi nhudn vdo do l i hoin toin khi thi, Thgc t l I chinh sich nay da Ihinh edng d mdt s i nudc dd thj hda, Phin dit khau Ird ndy cung cd thi I dUdc quy Ihdnh tiln d l mua dit xdy nhd cho
ngudi thu nhip thip d ndi khde Chlcd nhu vdy mdi cd the cd quy dat gid r i de xdy nhd vd bdn cho ngudi Ihu nhdp thap vdi gid hp chip nhdn dupc vd bdi todn khd v l nhi cho ngUdi thu nhap thap mdi cd Idi giii, Khi dd vdl s i lien dUdc din bu ngudi ddn cd Ihl tu til dinh cu mot each chii ddng vd phu hdp vdi hodn cinh eda ho.
Ap dgng linh hoat hdn tidu chuan ldi dmh cU vdi nhdng hd da sd dgng dat I n dinh. Tuy nhidn cin chu y quin ly chat chong tham nhifng cda cin bd quan ly, cim ngudi vdo khu tii dmh cu d l chia chdc ldi nhudn.
2 225 hd vdi dien lie .
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I Chinh quyln cdng chii diu tU cung gdp kinh I phi Idp quy hd trd dio tao giii quyll vide Idm I cho cdc lao ddng Irong khu vgc gidi tda, gu I tiin tao dieu kien d l ho cd Ihl trd thdnh Igc lupng nhdn cdng cua cdc hoat ddng sin xuit, kinh doanh cda du in. Dat dai l i mdt tdi
! nguydn die bidt vd quy gid. Cung vdi sg phit ' triln eua cac dd Ihj, vide ndng cao hidu qui I sddgng Idi nguydn quy niy cing Ird nen bde xuc: Td thgc tidn quin ly vd sd dgng dii dd I thj d TP, HCM, Chung Idi manh dan d l xuat I cdc giii phdp thay doi cac ed chl quin ly bit hpp \^ d l hudng ldi muc lieu ndng cao hidu I qui quin ly ddi dd thj. Mac dd eic gi^ phip de xuat nay chUa day du v i chua todn didn, ehung vdn hy vong cdc nhd quan ly vd cdc cd quan quin ly Iham khio, ifng dgng gdp phin vio vide khde phuc nhC/ng tin tai, eii tiln v i ndng cao chat lupng quin ly dat dai dua thinh pho vUdt qua thich thdc phdt trien bin vijng.
' DH. Khoa hoc Xa hoi & Nhan van, D^i hoc quoc gia - TP HCM