Nghien ciJu, thiet ke va phat trien phan mem dieu khien
Cho may X quang cao tdn y to
TS. TRAN NGOC HUNG, ThS. HO ANH DUNG, KS. PHAim VAN BJNH
Viin May va Dung cu Cong nghiip
1. Dat van de
Trong nhiing nam gin diy, nginh Y t i Viet Nam d i gat hai dugc nhieu thanh cdng trong viic khai thac v i ling dung eae thiet bi chin doan hinh anh y t l vao kham chiia binh. Trong do, may chup X quang ddng mdt vai tro cdt ylu, giiip cho qua trinh chin doan binh chinh xae hon va ngay cang dugc nhilu co sd y t l trang bi.
Tuy viy, mpt thuc trang dang diin ra d eac co sd y t l tuyen quin, huyen dang rit thieu eae thiit bi ehuIn doan hinh anh. Cho tdi cudi nim 2007, mdi chi ed hon 1.000 may X quang y ti eae loai. Trong dd, gin mdt niia la may chup thudng quy va phin lon diu d tinh trang lac hau ky thuat. Day li cic may X quang cudi thi thii h i hai, sii dung ngudn phit cd cudng dp tia thlp, tan so thip nin liiu chup cao, din tdi anh hudng chit lugng chan doin va siic khoe ngudi binh. Ngoai ra, cac may nay eon sii dung h i diiu khien co-diin hoac diin tii tuong tu, phim nhua vdi cassette thudng... viia giam ning suit khim binh, ddng thdi ciing khong hd trg chan doin chinh xac.
Trudfc bdi canh cin trang bi mdi, thay thi v i nang cip may chup X quang eao tin cho cac trung tim y tl, binh viin tuyin ca sd va khdi tu nhan, nhdm nghiin ciiu ciia Viin May va Dung eu Cong nghiip (DCCN) da tii'n hanh nghiin ciiu, thilt ki v i phat trien phan mem cho may X quang cao tan y te.
2. Xay dung phan mem dieu khien may X quang cao tan
2.1. Nguyen ly hoat dgng may chup X quang May X quang sii dung ngudn eao ap d i elp diin i p (kV) va ddng (mA) cho dng phat tia X. Khi tii'n hanh mpt phep chup, eac sgi ddt d katdt (Cathode) duge ddt nong, ddng thoi, tang tde dp quay bia andt (Anode). Chd nhiet dp sgi ddt dii phat xa elecfaon va toe dp bia dat gia tri cue dai tlii cip dien ap duong de hut cac elecfaon v l phia andt. Do cic
electron di chuyen vdi v i n tde Idn, nen su va dap giua cae hat nay vdi bia andt da sinh ra tia X. Tuy nhiin, trong qua trinh va dap, chi khoang 0,1%
ddng nang ciia cae hat tao ra tia X, 99% dpng nang eon lai chuyin tiiinh nhiet nang. Sau khi phit tia xong, tat sgi ddt, dung bia andt, ngat ngudn diin andt d l kit thiic qui trinh chup. Kit qua la tia X xuyin qua ddi tugng chup dugc giii lai fain bd thu nhin anh (cassette, detector,...)[1].
2.2. Thiit ki khd'i vi xu Iy trung tim
Nhdm nghiin ciiu ciia Viin May va DCCN da sii dung chip vi dilu khiln dsPIC30F6014 (16 bit) ciia hang Microchip - My lam khdi xii ly faimg tam, dilu khien cac hoat dpng ciia may X quang.
Qua trinh vao, ra giira chip dsPIC30F6014 vdi eae thilt bi ngoai vi [2] duge the hien trong so dd
N g u o n cao ap
May tinh
vlguon
J8 j p i z : ^
J4 JP2 D S P I C
3 0 F 6 0 1 4 J7
^—N Nap chucrng trinh
J5
Man liinh LCD
^ Phim bam
J 9 « Den L E D Hinh 1: Sa dS khdi chip dsPIC30F6014
Hinh 2: SadS nguyen ly chip dsPIC30F6014
2 2 C6llC IICIltP»Ky I, Ihang 9/2011. .Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn
NGHrlNCUtI
Chpn thong so Kv, mA, ms
D Dieu chinh
i s
Chuan bj
Ngat dien 4p anot, dimg bia, tit sgd
dot Hinh 3: Dieu iihien qua trinh chup che do AEC
khdi (hinh 1) va so dd nguyin ly (hinh 2) dudi diy.
2.3. Thiet ke va phat trien phan mem dieu khien Tu eau tao va nguyin ly hoat ddng eiia may chup X quang cao tin, nhom nghiin ciiu ciia Viin Miy va DCCN da thilt k l luu dd thuit toan md ti cic buoc dilu khiln, d l lam ea sd cho viic xiy dixng phin mlm dilu khiln.
Trin ea so giai thuat xay dung dugc va co ehi van hanh ciia ngudi sii dung, p h i n mlm dugc phat triln tiieo phuong thiic mddun hda. Trong dd, cae mang eong viie dugc phin chia thinh cac mddun khac nhau, nhu: modim dilu khien, mddun giao tiep ngudi - may va mddun may tinh.
Mddun dilu khiln: Co vai tro quan trpng nhlt trong phin mim. Diy li khdi xii ly trung tim dilu phdi cac gia tri diin i p , dong diin, thdi gian chuan bi, thdi gian chup. Cac buoc thue hiin eiia mddun dilu khiln (hinh 3) eho mgt p h i p chup nhu sau:
Bl: Khai dpng bd ngudn cao ap; B2: Dat cae gia tri kV, mA, ms cho bp ngudn cao ap; B3: Nung nong sgi dot, tang tde dd bia andt, elp diin i p andt d l hiit cae hat diin tii v l andt (phit tia X); B4: Kit tinic: tit sgi ddt, dCimg bia andt, ngat diin ap andt.
Mddun ngudi - may: Thuc hiin giao tilp vdi man hinh LCD kilu ma trin dilm d l hiln thj cie gia
JMOW|
tri thdng sd (kV, mA vi ms), chi dp chup, faang thii chup,... Bin canh do, modun edn dam nhiim viie tiip nhin yiu clu tii ngudi su dung, tiidng qua h i thdng phim bi'm. Theo mdi chu ky thai gian, chuong fainh se tiln hinh dpc, ghi dii lieu obd dim ciia cae edng: man hinh, bin phim,... de lam mai thong tin v i chuyin du lieu nhin duge din mddun diiu khien.
Phai ndi thim rang, vi fa'nh chit quan fapng ciia mddun dieu khiln nin vong lap xii ly eiia mddun niy dugc dit df miic uu tiin cao nha't, ke ca trong faudng hpp sii dung ca chi ngat.
Mddun may fa'nh: Duge phat failn nham hoin thien va hiin dai phin mlm dilu khiln. O diy, mddun miy tinli trao ddi dii lieu vdi phin mem miy fa'nh thdng qua giao thiic cung, mlm vi co ehi fauyen thdng cd hdi dap, nghia li bd dilu dilu kliiln se phan hdi thdng tin khi cd linh phat sang tii miy tinh.
Trong mddun niy, chuan truyen thdng ndi tiep RS 232 [4] dugc sii dung cho giao thiie ciing d l ghep ndi vdi miy tinh, vdi cie thdng sd cii dat: Tde dp:
19200; sd bit dii lieu: 8 bit; chan le: khdng; sd bit stop: 2 bit; bat tay: khdng.
Bin canh dd, giao thiie truyin thdng mlm duge dinh nghia vdi cic dinh dang khung dii liiu:
+ Khung dii lieu fai miy tinh phit sang:
Yiu cau
Kf tu- dau Ifnh Kft\rcu6i
- Phan hdi
K( t v aku L^nh DO- li^u K{ t v cu6i
tinh
+ Dinh dang khung dii liiu dat thdng sd tii miy Ngoii ra, nham tdi uu phep chup, phin mlm
Kl t ^ dau Dir lif u Kf t\f cu6i
dilu khiln da thiit kl v i tieh hgp thim cie chi dd AEC va APR.
+ AEC - Automated Exposure Control [6]: AEC li ehi dp chup tiin tiln nham dam bao lupng tia X phat ra phii hgp vdi tCmg co thi chup. O diy, lupng tia phit ra khdng phu thudc vao thdi gian dat faudc m i phu thupc vio nguong ACE. Lugng tia xuyin qua ddi tugng chup dugc do bing cic cim biln AEC gan trin bp thu nhin anh. Cic cam biln AEC se phan hdi vl bp dieu khien dudi dang tin diin, v i qua trinh phit kit thue khi mit dp tia dat nguong AEC hoac qua thdi gian bao v i phit (hinh 3).
+ APR Anatomical Programmed Regime [3]:
Viic phat faien thim ehi dd APR da gdp phin tang tinh mem deo eiia phin mem dilu khiln. APR dugc xiy dung tii tip cdng thiic cic thong sd (kV, mA, ms) tuong ling vdi tCing bp phin co thi, va dupc luu faii faong bp nha ROM. Vdi ehi dp niy, khi tiln
Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn . -Ky i. Ihang i0/20II «C6Re>0lltP 2 3
NGHIEN cufu [ M i ^
hinh chup mdt bd phin nio do tren ca the, ky thuit viin chi cin lua chpn edng tluic APR phu hgp, cac gia tri thdng sd se duge dat tu dpng eho ngudn cao ip, thay vi phai thao tic bang tay.
2.4. Thiit ke va xiy dung phin mem may tinh.
Tren ca so hoat dgng eiia phin mlm dieu khiln va cich thiic sii dung ciia ngudi diing, phin mlm miy tinh duge thilt ki vdi mpt giao dien chinh. Qua dd, ngudi diing cd the theo doi v i dat cie gii faj thdng sd, faang thii hoat dpng, die dp chup cho may chup X quang. Cac giao diin phu dam nhiim vai fad cap nhit, luu trii thdng tin.
Hinh 4. Giao dien phan mem may tinh
Ca may tinh va bp diiu khiln diu dCing mdt chuin fauyin thdng, giiia chiing cd su tuong thich vi giao thiic ciing v i mini. Qua trinh trao ddi du: lieu diin ra theo co chi hdi dap, nghia la d l hiln thi gii tri cie thdng so, ehi dp chup, trang thii thi may tinh phai giii yiu ciu sang v i cho bp diiu khien phan hdi. DCr lieu phan hdi la mgt xau ki tu chiia dung nhilu npi dung thong tin. De co dugc thdng tin cin thiit, cin phin tich va lpc tich dii liiu thdng qua cic ham xii ly xau. Doan ma dudi day mo ta giai thuit truyin, nhin va phan tich xiu ciia phin mlm may tinh. Giai thuit dugc vilt bang ngdn ngii gia VB [5].
Sub TruyennhanO Xauphat As String Xauphat = Xaukitvi Output = Xauphat Cha ket qua tri ve Gpi Hkm xur ly xau GQI Ham Hien thi End sub
Sub Ham xiJr ly xauQ j As Integer Xaunhan As string Xaunhan = Input
If Timthay(Xauiihan,"KV") Then kV = Mid(Xaunhan)
End If
Lpc tdeh cdc thdng so kh&c End Sub
2.5. Kit qua
Phin mim dilu khiln dugc xay dung bang ngdn ngu Assembler. Bg dieu khiln niy da iing dung cho may chup X quang cao tin y te tiieo d l tii d p nha nuac "Nghiin eiiu, thilt kl, chi tao m i y X quang cao tin y t i " do Viin Miy v i Dung eu Cdng nghiip thue hiin. Sau khi dua vao sii dung, cic phep chup thii nghiim d i u eho kit qua anh dat yeu cau chat lugng.
3. Ket luan
Qua tim hieu, phan tich ciu triic va nguyin ly hoat dpng ciia miy chup X quang, nhdm nghiin ciiu ciia Viin Miy va DCCN d i thilt kl, phat triln phin mlm dieu khien miy X quang thudng quy eao tin y te. Bin canh do, nhdm nghiin eiiu ctia Viin Miy v i DCCN con xay dung phan mem may tinh thue hiin cic giao tilp ngudi - may. Vdi cic kit qua ban d i u dat dugc, day la nen tang de xay dung eae bd dilu khiln may X quang eao tin y te, gdp phin giai quyet tinh trang vua thilu, viia ylu vl fainh dp cdng nghi ciia eac trang thiit bi y te d eac trung tim y ti tuyen ca so va khdi tu nhin.
Ngoai ra, viie phit trien thanh cdng phin mem dilu khiln con md ra hudng di mdi eho viic nghiin ciiu, phat triln phin mim diiu khiln cac thiet bi chin doin hinh anh khac, nhu: May chup eat ldp, miy do dp loang xuong,...
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Tran Van Son, Ly thuyet thiet bj hinh anh y te- tip 1, Nha Xui't ban Giao due 2008.
[2] Trin Nggc Hung, Thuyet minh "Nghien cdu, thiet l<eva che tao may X quang cao tan", De tai cap Nha nudc, 2010.
[3]A. Stewart Whitley-CharlesSloane- GraiiamHoadley- Adrian D. Moore - Chrissie W. Alsop, Clari<s Positioning In Radiography- 12th Edition, HodderArnold2005.
[4] Jan Axelson, Serial Port Complete, Lal(eview Research 1998
[5] Richard Grier, Visual Basic Programmer's Guide to Serial Communications - Fourth Edition, li^abry Software 2004.
[6] Swissray, Compatible AEC Chambers For AEC Board 734614xx.
Bien doi khi hau de doa nghiem trong tien trinh do thj hoa
Trong thdng diip Ngay Moi trudng thi gidi 3/10, Tong Thu ky LHQ Ban Ki-moon da canh bao: Biln ddi khi hiu dang de doa nghiem trong tiln trinh do thi hda trin toan clu. Thi gidi dang dung truoc thach thiic 50 - 50 - 50, theo dd vao nam 2050, dan sd the gidi se tang 50% so vdi nam 1999, khi thai giy hieu iing nha kinh phai giam 50%so vdi miic d i u thiin niin ky nay. M6i quan he giiia do thi hda va bien ddi khi hau la hien thuc va tilm In nguy hiem chit ngudi. Cac thanh phd la cac trvmg tam cdng nghiep hda va la ngudn thai khi gay hiiu ling nha kinh nhung ciing la noi thuc hiin cie giai phap. Cdng dong quoc te khang djnh lai cam kit thiic day tiln trinh quan trpng tiln tdi tuong lai ben viing hon, chii y ldn hon doi pho vdi bien ddi khi hiu khdng chid cac thanh phd,ma d moi noi fain the gidi.
Thanh Tu
2 4 C6NCIICIltP»Ky I, Ihang 10/20ll_ Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn