Bao ve nen tang tu tudng ciia Dang,... Tpp chi c^ngj
BOC TRAN CHIEU TRO LOI DUNG DAN CHU' THUC HIEN CHIEN LUOC D I I N BIEN HOA B I N H
DE CHONG PHA DANG, NHA NVOC TA
NGUYEN XUAN TU*
Tiin hdnh chiin luac "diin bien hoa binh", cdc thi lite thu ^eh ra sue ching phd cdch mgng Viet Nam trin linh vue tu tu&ng - ly ludn bang cde quan ^im sai trdi, thu dich; trong do, tap trung dhi Viet Nam phdi thuc thi thu "ddn chd" cua hg. Ddc biet, trong dip chung ta chudn bi tiin hdnh dai hpi ddng bp cdc cdp tiin t&i Bgi hpi XIII cda Ddng, cde thi luc thit dieh lgi cdng ching phd quyit Hit hffn. Vgy ddng sau chiiu bdi "ddn chu" md cdc thi luc thu dich riu rao Id gi?
Dang sau luan Sieu doi "dSn chu" o"
Viet Nam hien nay?
Cach day 30 nam, teong bdi canh che do xa hdi chii nghia d cac nudc Ddng Au va Lien Xd diing teen bd vyc cua sy dd vd, ngay 18-12-1990, Thic trudng Bd Ngoai giao My L.LGon-bo-gio da khdng up md, dat ra bdn dieu kien ve "dan chit hda" de hp vien tep kinh te cho cac nudc xa hdi chii nghia:
1- Tiln tdi da nguyen chinh tri, cham diet sy dpc quyen ciia Dang Cdng san; 2- Lam xudt hien kinh te thi trudng, mdt khu vyc Vinh tl tu nhan quan tepng; 3- Tang cudng viec tdn trgng quyen con ngudi d cac nudc nay; 4- Mdi nudc nay cd thai dp san sang xay dyng quan he hiiu nghi vdi My. Tiep do, ngay 11-7-1995, teong tuyen bo Hoa Ky chinh thiic binh thudng hda quan he vdi Viet Nam, Tdng thdng B. Clin-tcm khdng dinh, viec binh thudng hda va tang cudng cac cudc tilp xiic giua ngudi My va ngudi Viet Nam "se thiic ddy sy nghiep ty do d
Viet Nam nhu da timg diln ra d Ddng Au va Lien Xd trudc day". Nhat quan va tidp tuc theo dudi Id trinh vl thiic day "dan chii hda",
"ty do hda" teong chien luge "dien bien hoa binh" ddi vdi cac nudc xa hgi chu nghTa cdn lai, teong dd Viet Nam la mdt teong diem, cac the luc thu dich triet de sii dung chieu bai "dan chu" de pha hoai sy nghiep each mang do Dang lanh dao, ap dat "dan chii",
"ty do" theo tieu chi ciia phuong Tay, am muu dua Viet Nam timg budc theo quy dao tu ban chu nghTa.
Ddy manh chdng pha each mang Viet Nam thdng qua chien luge "dien bien hda binh", teong thdi gian gdn day, cac the lyc thu dich umg ra nhieu luan dieu ddi tiiyc thi cai ggi la "dan chu", "ty do". Trudc hit, hg tung hd, cd siiy nhilu nhdt, quyet liet nhdt la viec ddi Viet Nam phai tiiyc hien da nguyen chmh tri, da dang ddi lap dh "cd dan chu va phat
* Dai ta, PGS, TS, Hoc v ien Chinh tri, Bo Qu6c ph •
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Bao v e n e n t a n g t u t u d n g cua Dang,... Tpp chl C p n g sAn
trien". Hp cho rdng, "da dang la dan chu, ddc dang la dpc tai"; "Yiet Nam phai da dang ddi lap d l cd dan chu thuc sy"; "mudn thyc sy cd dan chil cho ngudi dan va phat triSn xa hdi phai thuc hien da nguyen, da dang... Cac thd lyc thii dich ra sirc xuyen tac rang Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam "khdng chiu ddi mdi ve chinh tri" va dua ra quan niem sai lara khi ddng nhat giiia "da nguyen, da dang" vdi
"ddi mdi chinh tei" Hg quy ket ham hd rang:
"Dgc tai, dang tri la cai gdc sai chinh ciia nha cdm quydn Viet Nam hien tai" va dua ra "ldi khuyen" ring, "Dang chl nen giit vai trd lanh dao chinh hi, khdng nen va khdng the lanh dao toan dien va tuyet ddi". Cac th§ tyc thu dich ddi Viet Nam phai xda bd Dieu 4 trong Hiln phap quy dinh Dang Cdng san Viet Nam la Iyc lupng lanh dao Nha nudc va xa hdi, bdi hg cho rang, "su ddc dang nay dugc xac dinh teong Dieu 4 Hien phap hien hanh khien nha cam quyen khdng he cd canh teanh va khdng sg bi thay the", do dd ma khdng cd
"dan chil".
Cimg vdi tap tnmg ddi da nguyen chinh tri, da dang ddi lap, ddi Dang Cpng san Viet Nam phai tir bd quyen lanh dao each mang, cac the lyc thu dich sic dung chieu bai "dan chu" vdi muu toan xda bd chl dp chinh tri hien hanh, dua dat nudc theo rad hinh dan chii tu san. Hp vu khdng rang, "thi chl chinh tri d Viet Nara hien nay la toan tri", "ddc doan";
"duy tri quyen lyc chinh tri bang cac cdng cu, nhu canh sat, thyc hidn bat bd, dan ap nhiing ngudi khdng ung hd Nha nudc, ngan cdm ty do thdng tin, ty do hdi hgp, tu do bao chi, ngdn luan...", vi the ma khdng cd "dan chu".
Theo do, cac the lyc thu dich ddi "Viet Nara hien nay phai chuyen ddi the chd chmh tri tir toan tei sang dan chu", ma "dan chu" phai bao dara dugc ba ydu td: Da nguyen chinh tri, da
dang ddi lap; bau cir ty do; tir phap ddc lap, teong dd yeu td da nguyen chinh tri, da dang ddi lap la quyet dinh nhat.
Khdng chi dimg lai d nhiing luan dieu xao tea neu tren, cac the lyc thu dich cdn thdi phdng nhirng sai lara, thieu sdt ve dudng ldi va chi dao thyc tidn ciia Dang trong qua khii, dac biet la teen ITnh vyc quan ly kinh te, quan ly - xa hdi; ddng thdi, ra siic lpi dung khuyet diem ciia rapt bd phan can bp, dang vien suy thoai, tham nhung, tieu cyc hi xii ly ky luat de nang hien tugng ca biet thanh ban chat, bdi den che dp, phu nhan thanh tyu cdng cudc ddi mdi va minh chiing cho sy can thiet
"cham diit vai ted lich su ciia Dang", rang nhu the mdi cd "dan chii" va "phat trien".
Trang tegn ban, cac the Iyc thii dich ra siic hau thuan cho xay dyng cac luc lugng phan ddng, nhu cai ggi la "Dang Viet tan", "Dang Dan chu ty do Thien Chua giao", "Dang Dan chil tu do Phat giao"..., muu toan hinh thanh lyc lugng ddi lap de timg budc thyc thi thii
"dan chu" cua hp trong xa hdi Viet Nam.
Sir dung chieu bai "dan chii", cac the Iyc thu dich ra sice cd siiy nhiing phan tir co hpi ve chinh tri d teong nudc, cac td chiic nudc ngoai thil dich vdi Viet Nam ra siic cdng kich Dang va n i n dan chu xa hdi chii nghTa, qua dd dd "cdy" vao trong ddi sdng xa hdi Viet Nam tu tudng ty do, dan chii tu san, hdng tao dyng mam radng thuc day "tu dien biln", "ty chuyin hda" sang quy dao dan chii tu san. Hp ludn gdn van de "dan chii" vdi vdn dd "tdn giao", "dan tpc", "nhan quyen", vu khdng Viet Nara vi pham dan chii, nhan quydn trong thyc hien chinh sach ddi vdi cac tdn giao va cac dan tdc thilu sd; trdng trpn xuyen tac Viet Nam dan ap tdn giao va dan tgc thilu sd. Cung bdng chigu bai "dan chii", cac thd luc thu djch ra siic chia re khdi dai
Bao ve nen tang tu tudng cua Dang,... T p p c W f * ^
doan kit toan dan tdc, gay raau thuan, kich ddng han thu giiia cac dan tdc, cac tdn giao, tao ra nhung biic xiic teong xa hdi, hoai nghi teong du luan, chia re quan chung nhan dan vdi Dang, Nha nudc. Dac biet, teong thdi gian gan day, cac the Iyc thu dich lgi dung tinh hinh khilu kien, cac "diem ndng", nhat la vu viec d xa Ddng Tam (huyen My Dice, thanh phd Ha Npi) d& phat tan cac tai lieu tuyen tmyin tu tudng tu do, dan chu tu san, vu khdng, cdng kich Dang, Nha nudc Viet Nam vi pham dan chii; tic do, hudng vao ddi xda bd nen dan chii xa hdi chu nghTa ma Dang, Nha nudc va nhan dan Viet Nam da va dang xiy dung; gieo rac tu tudng dan chii tu san teong ddi sdng xa hgi.
Nhu vay, cd the thay, cac tiie Iyc thu dich da sii dung chidu bai "dSn chu" lam khau dot pha teong chien luge "dien bien hda binh"
dl chdng pha Viet Nam. Dang sau tdt ca nhiing luan dieu myen truyen, boat ddng ca tryc dien va khdng tryc dien, deu hudng vao ddi thuc thi thii "dan chii" ay; teong do, muc tieu hang dau va man chdt cua cac the lyc thu dich la ddi thyc hien che do da dang, phu nhan vai ted lanh d^o, tiln tdi loai bd Dang Cpng san Viet Nam ra khdi tien trinh phat trien cua dan tdc. Day chinh la muu dd hit sirc thara ddc, nham hidm va tedng tegn cua cac till Iyc thil dich.
Khdng thi chip nhSn c^i goi la
"dan chu" cua cac the lyc thu dich Dya te§n co sd ly luan va thyc tien cho phep chimg ta khdng dinh dut khoat rdng, d nudc ta khdng cdn va khdng thi chdp nhan thu "dan chii" raa cac thi luc thu dich dang mudn ap dgt vao Viet Nam.
Trin phuang diin ly ludn, chiing ta deu bilt, dan chu la phara teu Iich sii, xudt hien
khi cd nha nudc va mdi nen dan chu phai gan vdi mgt nha nudc nhdt dinh, dugc phap lu|t quy dinh. Lich su phat teiln cua nhan logi da chiing minh rdng, dan chu xuat hien y^
phat teiln vdi tinh chdt la san phdm teyc tiep cua ddu tranh giai cdp, ddu teanh xa hdi, giai phdng loai ngudi. Trong xa hpi cd giai cap, tuyet ddi khdng thd cd thii dan chu chung chung, phi giai cdp. Dan chu tiiy thugc vao su phat trien kinh tl, van hda, xa hpi va trinh dp dan tri teong timg giai doan lich sir nhat dinh. v l dilu nay, C. Mac da chi rd: "Quyln khdng bao gid cd thi d mgt miic cao ban che dp kinh te va sy phat triln van hda cua xa hdi do chl do kinh tl dd quyet dinh"'''. Theo V.I. Le-nm, dilu cdt hi nhat khi ban den van dl dan chu la phai tea ldi dugc cau hdi, dan chil ciia ai, cho ai va vi ai? Ty do cho ai va vi ai? Bdi vi, teong xa hgi cd giai cap, dan chu, tu do ddi vdi bgn bdc lot cd nghTa la dS ap biic nhiing ngudi hi bdc lot.
Tir lich s^ phat trien cua nhan loai cho thay, nen dan chu tu san la mpt ndc thang danh dau sy phat triln dang kl cua dan chu, nhung toan bd thilt chl cua ndn dan chu tu san, tu viec td chiic nha nudc ddn cac huih thiic dan chii tryc tiep, dan chii dai dien diu chi nham rauc dich cao nhdt la bao ve s\r thdng tri cua giai cdp tu san, bao ve quylfl sd hiiu, lgi ich cua giai cdp tu san, truyin ba tu tudng tu san chdng lai tu tudng ty do, dan chu ciia giai cdp cdng nhan va nhan dan lao dpng. Theo V.I. Ld-nin, nin dan chii tu san U nen dan chu cua mdt thieu sd nhtrng ke giau cd, dan chii cua giai cdp hi san, do giai cdp tu san, vi giai cap tir san chii khdng phai dan chil cho da sd nlian dan lao dpng. CA„ A^J.
(I) C.Mac - Ph. Ang-ghen: Toan tdp, M^L „, , . qu6c gm, Ha N91,1995, t, 19, tr. 36 ' ^"^^ ^
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Bao v$ nen tang tu tudng cua Dang,.. Tup chf C ^ n g s d n
chil xa hdi chii nghTa la sy thay the dan chu tu san teong nac thang phat teien cao hon cua xa hgi loai ngudi tuan theo quy luSt khach quan. Dd la nen dan chu "gap trieu lan" dan chu tu san. Ban chat cua dan chu xa hdi chu nghia the hien teen cac phuong dien chu ydu:
1- La nen dan chu ciia nhan dan lao ddng, vi nhan dan lao ddng, the hien d viec bao ve quyen sdng, quyen ty do, quyen muu cau hanh phiic ciia nhan dan lao dgng; 2- Dan chii xa hgi chii nghTa thira nhan nguyen tac binh dang va ty do dupe bao dam ve mat phap Iy de thyc hien quyen lam chu cua nhan dan;
3- Dan chii xa hdi chu nghia cd ndi dung toan dien, the hien tren tat ca cac ITnh vyc chinh tei, kinh td, van hda, xa hdi, y thirc - tu tudng, teong do ndi bat la sy tham gia rapt each binh dang va ngay cang rdng rai ciia nhiing ngudi lao ddng vao cdng viec quan ly nha nudc va xa hdi thdng qua hinh thiic dan chil tryc tiep va dan chii dai dien. Tieu chi CO ban cua dan chu xa hdi chu nghTa la nhan dan la chu va lam chu.
Xet tir ban chat ciia dan chii tu san - thii
"dan chii" ma cac the lyc thii djch dang mudn ap dat vao Viet Nam va tinh uu viet ciia dan chil xa hdi chu nghTa, thi viec lya chpn tat yeu d Viet Nam la ndn dan chu xa hpi chii nghia.
Viet Nam hien nay khdng can va khdng chap nhan dan chu tu san.
Tren phuang diin thuc tiin, dan chu la ban chat cua chd dp ta, vica la myc tieu, vira la ddng Iyc phat trien dat nudc. Chiing ta da va dang hoan thien nen dan chii xa hpi chu nghTa, bao dam tat ca quyen lyc nha nudc thugc ve nhan dan. Quan diera cho rang, phai cd da dang mdi "cd dan chu va phat trien" la hoan toan sai lam. TrSn thyc te, the chl nhdt nguyen mdt dang lanh d^o hoan toan khdng ddng nghia vdi mdt dan chii, kem phat triln
va kera dan chu; dan chu khdng ddng nghia vdi da nguyen, da dang. Tren the gidi hien nay, cd khdng it nudc da dang nhung van mat dan chii, vln la nhihig nudc ngheo, kera phat tridn nhat; ngugc lai, cd nhiing nudc chi cd mdt dang lanh dao, nhung dan chii dugc bao dam, kinh te - xa hdi phat triln, ddi sdng nhan dan sung tiic. Didu do minh chiing rdng, da nguyen, da dang khdng phai la cim canh cho dan chil va sy phat trien. Diing nhu ddng chi Tdng Bi thu Nguyen Phii Trgng da khang dinh: "Khdng phai cd nhieu dang thi dan chii han, it dang thi it dan chii han"'^\
Thyc tien lich sir each mang Viet Nam cho thay. Dang Cgng san Viet Nam - Dang cua giai cap cdng nhan, ddng thdi ciia nhan dan lao ddng va cua dan tdc \^et Nam, dai bieu cho lgi ich cua giai cap cdng nhan, nhan dan lao dpng va toan dan tdc ra siic hy sinh, phan dau cho nen dan chii cao dep nhat raa loai ngudi tir xua den nay Idiat khao vuon tdi - nSn dan chii xa hdi chu nghTa. Chin muoi nam qua, vdi tu each mdt dang mac-xit chan chinh, Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da lanh dao toan dan thuc hien thang Igi sy nghiSp dau teanh giai phdng dan tgc, dua nhan dan tii than phan nd le ted thanh ngudi lam chu dat nudc, xay dyng chii nghTa xS hdi va nen dan chil xa hdi chu nghTa.
Ciing tu lich sir nhan loai cho thay mpt thyc te dau xdt ddi vdi each mang the gidi, do la syp do cua md hinh chii nghTa xa hdi d Lien Xd va Ddng Au vao nhiing nam 1989 - 1991. Dac biet, d Lien Xd, dudi tac ddng ciia am muu, thu doan "dien bien hda binh"
ciia cac thd lyc thii dich, teong do cd chidu bai "dan chu", cimg sy phan bdi ciia mpt sd lanh dao cao cdp ciia Dang, Nha nudc da din
(2) Din theo Thong ldn xd VietNam, ngay 26-2-2010
Bao ve nen tang tu tuong oia Dang,.. T^p <hi C ^ ; ^
tdi hau qua: Dai hdi bat thucmg ciia cac dai bilu nhan dan, ngay 15-3-1990 quyet dinh xda bd Dilu 6 Hien phap Lien Xd ve vai ted lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san Lien Xd. Bdt ddu tir didm mdc nay da hinh thanh che dp da dang d Lien Xd vdi vd sd td chiic, dang phai chinh tri "mgc len nhu nam", ted thanh cac lyc lugng chinh tri ddi lap, canh teanh vdi Dang Cdng san Lien Xd, de rdi dan tdi mdt kit cyc bi tham: Dang Cpng san Lidn Xd mdt quyln lanh dao dat nudc.
Cac lap luan cd vii cho che do da dang d Viet Nam thudng ldy khudn mdu cac nudc tu ban phuang Tay lam vi du raiiih chiing ma khdng he quan tam den dac diem Iich su - van hda, trinh do phat trien, tuong quan lyc lugng chmh tri teong xa hdi. Mdt sd ngudi do thieu hieu biet nen it nhieu da bi tiem nhiem bdi nhirng luan dieu sai trai cua cac the luc thil dich, lam tudng cir cd nhieu dang canh teanh thi se dan chu hon, xa bdi phat trien hon. Hay nhin sang mdt sd nudc tu ban hien nay, nhat la nudc My vdi sy tdn tai ciia 112 dang, nhung chi cd hai dang (Dang Dan chii va Dang Cpng hda) thay nhau cdra quyen. Tuy be ngoai la che dp da dang ddi lap, nhung xet ve ban chat chi la mdt dang - dang ciia giai cap tu san. Vi the, dii Dang Dan chu hay Dang Cdng hda nam quyen thi ciing deu la dang ciia giai cap tu san, dai dien cho lgi ich cua giai cap tu san; dan chu d My khdng phai thir gi khac ngoai nen dan chu tu san, ndn dan chii chi danh cho thieu sd ngudi giau cd teong xa hdi. Dieu nay ciing dd hilu, tai sao d My, ben canh mgt xa hdi vdi thilu so nhiing ngudi cd cudc sdng xa hoa, hao nhoang thi van cdn tdn tai mdt xa hdi hoan toan ddi lap, gdm hang chuc trieu ngudi dang phai sdng teong su bat cdng, that nghiep, ddi ngheo, benh tat va khdng dugc
la chii, lara chu,... Chinh ngudi M>^ - G^^^
su Tnidng Dai hgc In-di-a-na, ?on Mi-slo (Paul Mishler) da chi rd nguyen nhan cua tinh teang nay: Mpi ddi ngheo, thdt nghiep, thdt hpc,... ddu do Idi cua he thdng, ldi hr chii nghia ter ban My gay ra; nudc My ty xung la da dang, nhung thyc chat chi la mpt dang, dd la dang cua chu nghia tu ban'^\ cho dil la Dang Cdng hda hay Dang Dan chu.
Nhu vay, thyc chdt luan dieu cdt yeu nhat
"da nguyen chinh tri, da dang ddi lap" de chuyen tu chl do "toan tri" sang "dan chii", dl cd "dan chu va phat tiien" la mang tinh chat mi dan, phan ddng, hit siic nguy hilm, bdi rdt dd gay nen sy ngd nhan, nhat la doi vdi nhiing ngudi cd nhan thiic han che; tir do, cd thd gay nen sy mo hd, lan Ign, dan tdi su dao ddng ve tu tudng, hoai nghi, phau tam teong xa hdi; lara suy giara niem tin ciia nhan dan vao sy lanh dao cua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. Nhiing luan dieu nay hudng vao xda bd, gay ndn nhiing khd khan nhat dinh teong qua trinh xay dyng nen dan chii xa hpi chu nghia, de dpa mat dn dinh chinh tri - xa hpi gay mam cho mau thuan va xung dot xa hdi chia re khdi dai doan ket toan dan tdc...
Muc tieu ciia cac thi lyc thu dich khi cd siiy cho cai gpi la "dan chu" la nhlra phii nhan vai ted lanh dao ciia Dang, xda bd thanh qua each mang, hudng lai ddt nudc theo nin dan chil tu san, tudc di quyln lam chu cua nhan dan da gianh dupe bang xuong raau ciia nhieu the he. Dd khdng xay ra nhiing hau qua tai hai dd, thi d Viet Nam hien nay nhat thiet khdng cdn va khdng thi chip nhdn cai ggi la "dan chii" ma cac the lyc thii dich thudng xuyen reu rao, kich ddng! Q
ly tuong va ban chat chinh tri ciia dang ckm httpZ/nhandan-com.vn. ngay 7-3-2013 quyen".
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