CHONG LOAI TAO DAY - SA LAN PHAN DOAN

KHOA HQC - CONG N G H ^

X A Y DITNG Md HINH TOAN HOC LITA CHON CHONG LOAI TAO DAY - SA LAN PHAN DOAN

Tdm tdt: Phdt trien ddi tau, xay dt/ng chiin lugc ddng tdu Id nhidm vg trgng tam cua nginh vdn tii thOy vd cdng nghidp ddng tdu. Day la mdt trong cdc quyit djnh quan trgng nhat, nhin td goc do qudn tn sin xuit cua nhdng ngUdi qudn tri doanh nghidp vdn tii thdy cung nhU ddng tdu. Bdi bdo de cap din vide xdy dung md hinh todn hgc lua chgn chdng loai tdu diy - sd lan phdn doan phO hgp vdi dde diem khai thie tren tuyen iuSng.

Tii khoa: Md hinh toin hoe bii toin phi tuyen, bii toin tdi uu hoa thiit ke dgi tiu.

Abstract: Developing shipping fleet and building strategies for shipconstruction are the central tasks of the shipping and shipbuilding industries. These tasks are the most important ones from the perspectives of the water transport and shipconstruction administra- tors. This article describes the construction of a mathematical model for the selection of types of push - boats and barge, fitting for the route and fair - way operation characteristics.

Keywords: Non-linear mathematical model, optimi- zation for shipping fleet design.

I . M d d a u

Xdy dung md hinh toan hpc bai todn lUa ehpn chOng logi tau day - sd lan phdn dogn (TD-SLPD) chinh la xay dpng md hinh todn hpc tdi Uu ddi tau, tUc la phUdng phdp lUa chpn, xac djnh chOng loai va sd lupng phUdng tidn hpp ly trong thanh phan dpi TD - SLPD phue vy nhidm vy van chuyen, tren cd sd thda man cae y l u t l lien quan d i n phUdng thUe van tdi nay va cde d i l u kidn rang budc kem theo.

Day Id bdi todn quy hogch. djnh hudng cho edng tdc nghien cdu ddu tU phat trien vd bd sung nhUng loai tau thich hpp nham dam bao va thue day dpi tau hoat ddng hieu qud.

2. Md h i n h todn hpc lUa c h p n TD-SLPD 2.1. Md hinh todn hgc

Md hinh bdi toan ipa chpn chOng togi phUdng tien thOy cd dang tdng quat nhu sau:

Cdn tim vec IP: X - [ X | , J : 2 , . . . , . X : „ ] , sao eho hdm K = F ! ' ^ 3 ' ' - ^ J l d hdm mye tieu cOa bai toan->CUe trj (max, min) vdi d i l u kien a^ < x^ < b^

6 day:

X = [.X|,-^2vi-^oJ la v e c t d dde trung cac bien sd tdi uu.

F^. —\x^,X2,...,x^\\2^ hdm m y c tieu eua bdi todn.

aj, bj la Chan dudi va ehan tren cOa Xj.

v = 1, 2,.,., k Id nhQng m y c tieu cua bai toan, tuy theo ydu eau ed t h i la mdt m y c tieu hay n h i l u mye

TS. vO NGQC BICH Trudng Dgi hgc GTVT TP. Ho Chi Minh tieu, khi do se ed ten gpi Id bdi todn ddn myc tieu hay bdi loan da m y c tieu.

Bai toan t h i l t k l toi Uu tdu thOy nhU vay thudc loai bai toan quy hogch phi t u y l n ma dde d i l m eOa nd la cac b i l n s d d i u khdng a m . D l xde djnh eye trj bai todn, ed the sO d y n g mdt sd phUdng phap lieu bieu [4]:

- PhUPng phap gidn t i l p : + PhUPng phap s d d y n g Gradient;

+ PhUPng phap dung ham phat;

- PhUdng phdp true t i l p :

+ PhUdng phap tudn t u khdo sdt cdc nut giao d i e m eOa "mang ludi' trong khdng gian (phuang phip quit tim).

Mdi phUdng phap neu trdn deu cd uu va nhupc diem ridng. Vdi bai toan lua chpn chOng logi TD- SLPD, sO dyng phUdng phap "qudt tinf', khdo sat tat ed eae d i l m trong khdng gian n e h i l u xdc djnh cac gidi han rdng bude cOa bdi todn, d l tim ra d i l m toi Uu Id lua chpn thich hpp nhdt bdi Uu diem cOa phUdng phap nay la:

+ Khdng the hien mdt ydu cau dgc bidt nao ddi vdi ham mye tieu cung nhu cac ham rang budc;

+ Khdng ddi hdi phdi tinh dgo ham, tinh Gradient;

-^ Thudt todn ddn gian;

+ Hdm mue tieu khdng nhat t h i l t phai la ham lidn tyc, cac thdng so lien quan ed t h i cho dUdi dgng dgi so hoac bdng.

Mpc tieu cOa bai toan la tim ra ehOng logi phUdng tien thich hpp nha't thda man eac d i l u kien rang budc.

Theo quan d i l m t h i l t k l tdi Uu [8], de t h i l t ldp bai toan tdi Uu hda dpi tau mang tinh thpc tidn vd khoa hpc, can thpc hien hai bai toan, tam gpi la "bii toan cori'. Id bai toan ben trong va bai loan bdn ngoai.

2.2 Bdi tain ben trong

Day Id bai loan Ipa chpn mdt con t d u , cdn gpi la bai toan tdi Uu eae dac trUng cd ban vd kich IhUdc ehu yeu cOa tdu. TU bai todn ndy, trong cae d i l u kidn rang budc, se lua chpn dupe nhQng phUdng tien thich hpp nhdt hay gpi la phUPng tien d i l n hinh.

M 6 hinh t o a n h p c cOa bai l o a n tdi Uu cdc dac trUng, kieh thUde, thdng sd chu yeu cua tau thOy dUdc phdt b i l u t i n g quat nhu sau:

Gia sO:

- Vectd cOa cae dgc trung va kich thudc can tdi Uu eOatau la:

J^ = {J:,}, ie(l,«)

- Vectd cua cdc s d lieu dau vao Id:

- Hieu qua kinh te khai thac - ky t h u | t ciia tau

K H u « H!?C - COMU N U M E Tap chi GTVT 9/2012

m

dupc the hien qua ham mpe tieu f(x,p).

- Cac dgc trung, tinh nang, chd't lupng dupc t h i hidn thdng qua ham gi(x,p).

- Ta cd the xac djnh dupc:

x = {;c,), ( G ( l , n ) t d i u u .

D d m bdo thda man ede dieu kipn sau ddy:

+ Hdm m y c tidu f(x,p)->eUc tri;

+ Thye hien cdc yeu cau v l chd't lupng va cdc qui djnh cOa Dang kiem:

gXx,p)>b,. JG(l,m)

+ Cdc trj s d X n a m trong gidi han cho p h e p : (jc,)^„ <x, <{xX^^

2.3. Bdi toin ben ngodi

Ddy Id bai loan van tdi, cdn gpi Id bdi todn tdi uu dpi tdu. Can eU vao y d u cau van tdi, khd ndng thdng qua eua cdc edng,...tU nhQng logi phUdng tidn d i l n hinh d bdi toan ben trong, se ehpn lya phUdng tidn nao vd s d lUdng Id bao nhieu c h i l e d l t h y c hien nhiem vy vdn tdi.

M d h i n h t o a n h p c cOa bdi todn t l i Uu dpi tdu dupe phdt b i l u n h u sau:

- Cdn xdc dinh chOng loai vd sd lupng tau hdp \<i bd sung vao dpi t a u p , | phan bd ehung cho eae cdng ty I n ? ! ' phdn bd chOng theo t u y l n p , J | v a tan dyng s l tau hien cd eho cdc tuyen wA

dddy ^t=^x.,\ -«,=Z^'>;

- De ham myc tieu dgt epe trj:

I^.

^{n x ; ) • >extr}

Ddm bdo thda man ede d i l u kidn rdng budc:

+ Hoan thanh nhipm vy vdn chuyen;

Ddm bao doanh thu eho todn ddi t d u :

J^J,'^JM 1^1 J^J.t^'^i + Dap Ung tan sudt tap trung hang:

IE/ i^l

iel ie/

+ Ddp Ong khd ndng cOa cdng nghiep:

+ Ddp Ong khd ndng kinh t l d i u t u : i6/'u/"i ge^Q j e / ' u / " ! q^g

+ So lupng tdu tdn d y n g dua vao k l hoach so vdi

so tdu hien c d :

IS!

+ D i l u kidn khdng am cOa cde an s d : X, > 0 ; J : ^ > 0 ; X , ^ > 0 ; V - > 0

Trong thue t i l n , tOy theo qui md bai todn, ngUdi ta ed t h i thue hien bai loan theo hai each:

- Thuc hien rieng re bai loan ben trong va ben ngoai: Bai loan ben trong lam trUdc, k i t qud cOa bai toan ben trong dupe dUa vao thdng tin ban ddu eOa bdi todn ben ngoai.

- ThUe hien ddng thdi, ghep gpp hai bdi todn idm mdt. Ddy la bai todn Idn ddi hdi ngUdi thUe hidn phdi sap x I p trinh t u logic d l tranh sai sdt.

Luu do bai todn lua chpn eae dgc trung ed ban cOa dpi tau bang hai bai loan ridng biet dupe dUa ra tren hinh 1 sau [1].

Hinh 1. LiAJ dd lu'a chgn dde tnmg ca ban ddi tdu 2.4. Mdt so diim dac bidt iuu j ^ trong qud trinh thi/c hidn md hinh todn hgc

Tdu d l y va sa lan la hai logi phUdng tidn khde nhau. Tau day thyc hien ehUe nang day, sa lan thUe hidn chUc nang chd hang. 6 bdi loan ben trong, ehung ta phai tim dUpe ede tau d l y d i l n hinh, sd lan d i l n hinh. Tien hdnh lap ghep mdt tau day vdi cac sd lan vd ed dupe cde phUdng an lap ghep doan TD- SLPD de dUa vdo bai loan ben ngoai.

TO k i t qua bdi loan ben ngoai, chOng ta k i l n nghj lua chpn logi tau d l y nao di vdi logi sd lan ndo, lap ghep ra sao.

V l ham mye tidu cOa bai loan:

- Ddi vdi tau d l y ngudi ta thudng chpn Ipe day Idn nhat (th^ nghiem bdng Cii bai).

- Ddi vdi doan tdu hoae ed ddi tau, thudng chpn ham mye tieu la chi phi dan sudt nhd nhat, hoae gid trj hien tgi thudn - NVP/hoge ty sudt Ipi nhuan Idn nhdt - IRR tuy theo yeu cau cOa doanh nghiep kinh doanh vdn tdi khi ddt vdn d l xay dpng d u d n .

3. Ket ludn

Phat trien dpi tau, xdy dUng chien lupc ddng tau Id nhiem vu trpng tam cOa ngdnh van tai thOy va cdng nghiep ddng tau. Day la mdt trong cac quyet djnh quan trpng nhat, nhin tO gdc dp quan trj sdn xuat cOa nhQng ngUdi qudn trj doanh nghiep kmh doanh van tdi thOy cung n h u ddng t a u . Viec xdy dung md hinh todn hpc phu hpp vdi dde d i l m khai thac v a (Xem tiep trang 12)

Bl

KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE

dyng nen da ballast. Tuy nhien, sU chenh ldch nay can bang sau khodng 9 nam khai thac va thap hdn dan sau 9 nam. TU do thay rdng xet v l tong the thi k i l n true tang trdn sO dyng nen bang tam ban BTCT ed ehi phi thap hon ddi vdi xay dyng t u y l n mdi (tuyen bao gdm ea eau egn). TUdng ty nhu vgy ddi vdi dUdng trong h i m va cac dogn t u y l n thi cdng do dja hinh nen dudng phdi dao vdi khdi lupng Idn thi chi phi se thap hdn khodng 30% so vdi k i t eau dudng sat dung da ballast. Vdi nhOng phan tfch vd so sanh d gde dp nhU trdn ta cd t h i khang djnh rang viec Ung dyng thay the n i n dudng cd da ballast va ta vet bdng ket eau tam bdn BTCT v l t i n g t h i va lau dai la mdt lUa chpn cd tfnh khd thi edn dupc nghien cUu Ung dung cho dudng sdt Vidt Nam.

4. PhUdng hudng nghien cUu va t r i l n vpng Ung dyng d l i vdi dUdng s i t Viet Nam

Logi kidn true tang tren dudng sat cd ray dgt tryc t i l p trdn tdm bdn BTCT tai nude ta cdn kha mdi md, xet v l gdc dd tdng the ndi ehung va kinh te ndi rieng nhu phan tfch d tren phan ndo t h i hien tinh kha thi cOa logi k i t eau ndy, tuy nhien d l ed thd trien khai Ung dyng tgi Viet Nam nhat t h i l t cdn phdi cd nhdng nghiSn cUu mpt each khoa hpc d cac gdc dd sau:

+ Phgm VI Ung dung: TrUdc m i t cdn tap trung nghien cUu Ung d y n g eho cac dogn qua eau egn, dudng trong ham, khu vUc thi cdng dUdng mdi phdi ddo nhieu (se gidm khdi lUpng dao. K i t eau dudng bdng nen da ballast khdi lUpng dao ldn do phaidao sdu hdn de thi cdng ldp mdng va nen).

+ Cudng d d , hinh dang hinh hpc cOa tam bdn BTCT cho mpi logi tdi trpng va dja chat khae nhau;

+ Lidn k i t giOa tam ban BTCT vdi ta vet;

+ Lidn k i t giUa Idp mdng dem be tdngvdi tam bdn BTCT;

+ C h i l u day va eudng dd cOa ldp mdng dem bang be tdng dUdi tam bdn BTCT;

+ N i n ddt dudi Idp mdng dem be tdng;

+ Giai phap thi cdng va cdng tac duy tu bdo dUdng sOa chOa...

+ Tinh hinh kinh t l trong dieu kidn ap dung ey the.

Dudng sat Viet Nam hien nay ed dp dai khoang 3.160 km trai qua nhieu dia hinh khdc nhau, ed t h i

thdng kd sd bd nhu sau:

+ Dudng qua vung dong bang vd doi nui: 2614km + DUdng qua ham: 57,1 km

+ DUdng qua hdm: 11,5km + Dudng trong ga, dudng nhanh:477km K i t cau tdng trdn dUdng sat cOa ehung ta hidn nay' hoan toan thude dang ed ray dat trdn ta vet va ta vet dat tren n i n dUdng ed da ballast vdi edc loai td v^i sdt ehiem 32,5%, ta vet BTCT chiem 55,5%, tdc do ehgy tau t h i p (trung binh khodng 60 km/h). Vdi io^i k i l n true nay hdng nam can phdi sO dyng mdt \\^Q lupng lao ddng Idn va trang t h i l t bj cho edng tdc duy tu bao dUdng va sOa chOa (ehu y l u la cdng tac thay ray, thay td vet, chen dUdng va dieu ehinh v l hinti dang hinh hpc cOa dudng, khae phuc edc sy co ve thien tai...). Qud trinh duy tu bdo dudng sda chOa luon gap nhieu khd khan do yeu td vd thdi t i l t (mUa bao, lu lut...), dac bidt doi vdi cde doan qua ham (khong gian chat hpp, thieu anh sang trong cac ham dai .„), tdn hao nhieu sUc lao ddng do chO yeu sO dyng lao ddng thO cdng.

Trong tuong lai gan n h i l u t u y l n dUdng sat Vi$t Nam va dUdng sdt dd thi se dUpc md, nhU tuyen dudng sdt cao tdc Bac - Nam va mdt sd t u y l n ngan tai khu vyc phia Bae va phia Nam, dudng sat dd thj tgi hai TP ldn Id Ha Npi va TP. Hd Chi Minh_. Cae tuyen nay (ddi vdi dUdng sdt qudc gia) se di qua cdc vung khi thi cdng khdi lupng n i n dao se rdt Idn; hode c^u egn, ham hoac dUdng ngam (ddi vdi dUdng s^t d^

thj...) ma xu the phat trien cOa dudng sat hien nay do Id dng dung ede k i t cau de gidm bdt va hgn c h l nhSn luc lao ddng true tiep eho viec duy tu bao dUdng, s&a chUa; k i t cau dUdng sdt ed n i n bang tam bdn BTCT se giai quyet dUpc van d l ndy. 6 mdt khfa cgnh khac n l u ap dung ket cau n i n dUdng sat bang eac tam BTCT se gidi q u y l t tidu thy mpt khdi lUdng ldn xi mang cho eae nha may va thiie day phdt t r i l n cflng nghiep san xuat xi mang eOa nUde ta.Vdi nhdng phSn tich va each dgt van de ndu trdn loai k i l n true ting tren dudng sdt ed ray dat true tiep tren tam bdn BTCT la nhUng k i t eau cd n h i l u t r i l n vpng de ap dung phuc vy eho sp phdt trien DSVN trong tUdng lai •

XAY DUNG MO HINH...

(Ti^p theo trang 25) tuyen luong de li;a chpn ra dupc c^c dac trung cP b^n cCia dpi TB-SLPD mot cacti hdp ly dpng vai trp quyet dmh den thanh cpng cua dcanh nghiep kinh doanh loai hinh vSn tSi nay •

Tai lieu tham khdo

[1]. Vu Ngpc Bich, Nghien cHu lUa chon chung loai t^u diy - sa lan phin doan chd h^ng container khu vijc thinh pho hio Chl Minh va ddng bang Nam B6 (DT 063017) - De tai NCKH cap B6 GTVT, thang 03/2012.

[2]. Ly Bach Chan, Pham Cong Ha, (1984), "Cac phuong phap toan Ung dung trong giao thong vin tSi", nha xuat b i n GTVT, Ha Npi.

[3]. Tran Cpng Nghi, (2002), "Tin hoc dng dm trong thiet ke vi ddng tau", Trudng Sai hpc GTVT TP.

H P Chi Minh.

[4]. Dang HOu Phu, (1984), "Ve bai toin toi Uu tiu thuy. Tap chl "Dieu khien hpc ky thuat".

[5]. Ashyk.V, (1985), 'Proektitirovanie Sudov", Shipbuilding publisher, Lenlngrat.

[6]. Dang Huu Phu, Semenpv.l, (1982), •Postrae- nie I Realizasia Ivtathematicheckoi Modell Zadachi Op- tlmizasi Flota Sudov", Shipbuilding publisher, Leningrat.

[7). Mandel.P, Leopold, (1983), "Optimization Me- thods Applied To Ship Design",

[8]. Pashin.V, (1983), Ship Optimization", Shipbuil- ding publisher, Leningrat.