KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
K E T Q U A CHQIXi C A Y T R O I T R A M DEIXI HOAIMG VAIM
Hodng Thanh LdcS Nguyfin Vdn Du^, NguySn Thi Thanh Hudng^T6MTAT
Cay Tram den (Canarium nigrum Swingle) la mot trong nhung lodi cay lam san ngoai go co gia tri, san pham thu hoach chinh hien nay la qua. Cay Tram den Hoang Van duoc trong td lau dm tai xS Hoang Van, huy§n Hiep Hoa, tinh Bac Giang, tuy nhi^n, hi^n nay cdy trong chua c6 nang suat va chat lucmg qua cao vi chua cd gidng tdt de phuc vu san xuat, nen vi^c nghien cmi chon gidng de nang cao nang suat vd chat luong qua la can thi^t. Thuc hiSn nhiem vu quy gen cap Qudc gia giai doan 2016 - 2020 ctia Bo Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, Vifin Cai thi&n gidng va Phat trien lam san da chon duoc 14 khu vuon rimg dai diSn cho quan th^ Tram den Hoang Van co do tudi tir 16 den 65 ndm tuoi tirong ting vm 10 cap tudi, tir cap tudi 4 (16-20 nam tuoi) den cap tuoi 13 (61 - 65 nam tuoi) d^ xac dinh nang su^t qua vd smh tnicmg theo cap tuoi lam co so cho chon cay troi. Tir cac khu vucm rimg nay va cac cay trong phan tan trong xa Hoang Van da chgn dugc 40 cay troi du tuyen tai 10 c^p tu6i, tir cap tuoi 4 d^n cap tudi 13, c6 dp vuot v^ nang su^t qua so voi nang suat qua trung binh cimg cap tudi tir 19,7% d^n 175,2%. Tir 40 cay troi du tuyen da chon dinn: 20 cay trOi tai 8 cap tuoi: 5, 6, 8, 9,10,11,12, 13; cd nang suat qua vugt troi so vdi ndng suat qua trung binh ciing cap tudi tir 48,8% den 175,2%, co chat lupng cam quan tdt, khong bi sau benh hai. 20 cay trpt da dupc So N6ng nghiep va PTNT tinh Bac Giang cong nhan la ngudn gidng tdt ciia dia phmmg. D4 nghi cac co quan chirc nang ciia dia phuong co phuong an quan ly va duy tri d^ cung cap gidng tdt cho san xuat va phuc vy nghien ctru cai thi^n gidng tiep theo.
Ttr khda: Tram den Hoang Van, cay tidi, nSng suat qui
I . D A T V A N D E
Cdy Tram den (Cananium nigmm Swingle) Id loai cay ban dia, phdn bd tu nhien tai cdc tinh Bac Giang, Phii Thg, Tuyfin Quang, Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Thanh Hda, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Ddk Ldk vd Khanh Hda [2].
Cay Tram den Hodng Vdn dupc hdng tii lau ddi tai xa Hoang Van, huyfin Hiep Hda, tinh Bdc Giang.
Xa ndm dpc theo ta ngan sdng Cau nfin dat 6- day thudc loai ddt phii sa co cua he thdng sdng Cau, tang dat day, thanh phdn co gidi tii cat pha den thit nang.
Qua Trdm den Hodng Van dupc dimg nhu mot nguon thuc phim sach, bo duong. Hang ndm, xa Hodng Vdn cung cap ra thi trudng khoang 50 - 60 tan qua Tram den tuoi. Do dd, cay Trdm den Hodng Van Id cay CO tiem ndng txb thdnh mot giong cay trong gitip nguoi ddn trdng Tram den giam ngheo.
Trong nhiing nam gan day co mpt sd dfi tai, du an diu tu nghifin ciiu phat hi^n cay Tram den Hoang Van nhu de tai "Nghifin ctni cdy Trdm den Hodng Vdn" do Vifin Sinh thdi va Tdi nguyen sinh vdt thuc hifin nam 2006; de tdi "Nghien ciru de xudt phuong an bdo tdn va phdt trien lodi Tram den co thu tai xd
nguyen vd Mdi trudrng tinh Bdc Giang chii tri (2006 - 2009)... Cac de tdi, du dn nay da gdp phan hch eye tao thanh phong trdo trong cay Trdm den tai huy^n Hiep Hoa va mdt so huyfin khde thupc vung doi ctia tinh Bdc Giang. Tuy nhifin, npi dung cd y nghia quan trpng nhat de phdt trien Trdm den Hodng Van la chon gidng vdn chua dupc thtjc hifin mot cdch cd he thdng, bai ban. "Vi vdy, vific chpn cdy trdi cd ntog suat qua cao, chat Iirpng tot ldm co so cho cdng tac cai thifin gidng, qudn ly, bao vfi Idu dai nhiing nguon gen quy ciia cay Tram den Hodng Van Id thuc sir c k thiet.
2. VAT UHIVA PHUONG PHAP NGHHI CUU 2.1. Vdt li§u nghifin o i u
Vat lifiu nghien ciiu chon cdy troi Trdm den Hoang Vdn la cay Tram den trdng bi hat, tudi bi 16 den 65 ndm tai cdc khu vuon ning, cdy trdng phSn tan ciia cac hd gia dinh tai xd Hoang Vdn, huyfin Hifip Hda, tinh Bdc Giang.
2.2. Phuong p h ^ nghifin caiu
Chpn cay trgi Trdm den Hodng Van theo Tifiu chuan nganh 04 TCN 147 - 2006 cua Bp Ndng nghidp va PTNT (2006) [ll, gdm cdc chi tifiu: ndng suat qua Hodng Van, huyfin Hifip Hoa, Bdc Giang" do So- Tai ^ao, chat lupng cdm quan tdt, sinh truong trfin miic trung binh, khdng bi sdu bdnh hai. Cac budc chpn cay trdi Trdm den Hoang Vdn nhu sau:
'Vi^n C:ii thi^n Gidng v^ Phai trien liim .san
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
Budc 1: Xac dinh nang sudt qua vi cic chl tidu sinh trudng trung binh theo cap tudi
- Cap tudi ciia cdy Trdm den Hoang Vdn dupc xdc dinh theo cap tudi thdng thuong trong Idm nghifip Id 5 ndm 1 dip tudi k^ tu khi bat dau trdng.
- Trudc vu thu hoach qua, phong van hdi ndng dan xd, khuyen ndng xa d l xdc dinh cdc khu vudn rimg Tram den trdng tap tnmg; phong v ^ chii hg trong timg khu vudn rimg ve nam h-dng, nang suat qua trung binh ciia timg cdy; do d^m cdc chi tieu ve sinh trudng cua hmg cdy. Xii ly sd lieu, xdc dinh nang sudt qua trung binh vd cdc chi tifiu sinh trudng trung binh theo cap tuoi d^ Idm co sd' cho chpn cay frdi theo c^p tudi.
Budc 2: Chon ciy trdi du tuydn
• Chon ciy cd du kien lim ciy trdi du tuyerr.
Trudc vu thu hoach qua, nhom didu tra cimg Tmdng thdn d^n timg hp gia dinh da chpn; chu hp ddn den timg cay co nang suat qud cao; phdng van chu hg v^
ndng suat qua 3 nam truoc, chat lugng cam quan ciia qua; quan sat, ddnh gia so bd nang suat qua de xdc dinh cay cd dir kien chgn ldm cay trdi dir tuyen.
- Chqn cay trdi du tuydrnVko vu thu hoach qua, ddn timg hg gia dinh cd cdy du ki^n Idm cay trdi dir tuyIn, cimg chu hd xdc dinh nang suat qua cua timg
cay. Cay du kien ldm cdy h-gi dir tuyen cd nang suat qua himg bmh trong 4 nam (3 ndm truoc vd ndng suat qua vira mdi thu hoach trong nam hiyen chpn) vupt tdi thieu trfin 15% so vdi nang suat qua trung bmh cimg cap tudi, chat lupng cam quan tdt, khong bi sau bfinh hai. Do dem cac chi tifiu sinh truang cho hmg cdy troi du tuyen: D1.3, H^,, H^^, D,; tinh h-ang sau benh hai; ddnh sd hieu vdo than cay trpi dir tuy^n.
Budc 3: Chon cay tioi chinh thuc. Lap bang tdng hpp cdc chi tieu ctia 40 cay troi dir hiyen; danh gia, chgn 20 cay Idm cay trdi. Cay troi Id nhiing cdy du tuyen c6 nang suat qua cao theo thir tu tir tren xudng;
cd chat Iuong cam quan tot thom, biti, beo, khdng chua, khdng chat, khdng sugng; sinh trudng tir miic h-ung bmh trd- Ifin theo cap tudi; khdng bi sdu bfinh hai.
Phuong phip xu ly sd hdu. Theo phuong phdp phan tich thdng ke trong ldm nghiep (Nguyfin Hdi Tuat, Vu Tien Hinh, Ngd Kim Khdi, 2006) [5].
3. KFT QUA NGHDIGUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Xdc dinh nang su^t qud vd mOt s^ chi tifiu smh truong Iheo cap tu6i d^ Idm ca s6 cho chgn cdy trOi dii tuy^n
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B ^
Cap tu6i
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U 12 13
S1. Nang suit qua v4 sinh tmong theo cip tuoi a i a uuan <ihi T r i m den Yloine Van Nang suat qua
(kg/cay/nam) Trung
binh 7,10 15,08 24,40 30,30 36,61 37,82 53,59 75,00 87,14 99,29
V(%) 71,19 61,77 50,56 50,34 56,51 69,08 72,37 70,53 54,09 79,01
D,3 (cm) Trung binh
22,59 29,76 35,81 40,14 45,76 51,27 57,48 63,97 69,62 73,39
V(%) 12,76 6,72 5,17 6,85 4,85 4,84 3,20 3,98 3,65 1,28
H,, (m) Tmng
binh 7,93 10,22 12,38 13,08 13,92 14,64 15,53 16,32 16,76 17,29
V(%) 22,94 25,31 16,39 16,73 18,45 17,83 11,76 12,96 11,92 11,43
D,(m) Trung
binh 7,21 9,58 10,51 11,38 13,29 13,74 14,97 16,84 17,62 19,00
V(%) 23,49 18,61 14,87 14,20 15,16 17,72 17,65 17,29 12,88 14,57 Bdng 1 cho thay:
- Nang suat qua ti-ung binh theo cdp tudi tang dan theo 10 cap tudi. Ndng suat qud tmng binh thap nhat b cap tudi 4 co tri sd la 7,10 kg/cdy/ndm vd cao nhjlt 0 cap cap tudi 13 cd tri sd la 99,29 kg/cdy/ndm.
Vi^c xac dmh ndng suat qua tnmg binh theo cap tudi
cda quan the giiip cho khi chon cay trdi khdng bo phi tifim ndng cua cac cdy cd nang sudt qua cao a cap tudinh6[4].
- He so bien ddng ve nang suat qua cita cdc cd the trong mdi cap tudi deu Idn, thap nhat d cap tudi 6 CO V (%) = 50,34%, cao nhdt b cap hidi 13 cd V (%) =
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
69KHOA HQC CONG NGHi
79,01%. Nhu vay, trong m6i cap tuoi d^u co the chpn doi chinh xac nguon gen troi vi nang suat qua trong duoc m6t so cay trgi du tuy^n c6 dp vupt cao v^ nang m6i cap tuoi ciia quan the Tram den Hoang Van.
suit qua so voi gia hj trung binh v4 nang suat qua 33. chpn c4y m dv tuyfe theo cip tutfi Ciia cap tuoi dd. Tir dd cd th^ khai thdc duoc tuong
3.2.1. Ket qui chon ciy tidi du tuydn TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
So hieu cay trpi du tuy^n
T8 T9 TIO T i l T12 T31 T35 T20 T24 T22 T33 T29 T23 T37 T38 T5 T7 T13 T40 T16 T34 T21 T25 T30 T17 T27 T36 T3 T4 T14 T18 T28
Bang 2. Nang suit qui v i sinh tnnSng dia 40 cSv trfii du tuvfe Tuoi
cay (nam)
19 20 18 19 19 23 25 24 24 28 30 26 27 28 30 31 39 37 39 36 36 40 38 43 45 44 43 46 47 50 50 48
Cap tuoi
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nang suit qua Trung binh
theo cip tuoi (kg/cay/nam)
7,10
15,08
24,40
30,30
36,61
37,82
53,59
Cua cay trOi du tuyen (lig/cay/nam)
8,5 9,0 8,8 8,9 9,1 22,5 18,5 19,3 18,8 36,3 37,0 37,5 32,5 28,8 31,3 36,3 63,8 47,5 48,8 58,8 57,5 66,3 67,5 68,8 81,3 82,5 50,0 137,5 87,5 147,5 107,5 70,0
Dp vuot nang suat qua
(%)
19,7 26,8 23,9 25,4 28,2 49,2 22,7 28,0 24,7 48,8 51,6 53,7 33,2 18,0 28,3 19,8 74,3 29,7 33,3 60,6 57,1 81,1 84,4 81,9 115,0 118,1 32,2 156,6 63,3
Chi tieu sinh tnrong D,,3
(cm)
23,9 26,4 22,8 24,5 23,6 30,0 31,8 30,3 30,3 36,2 38,2 37,1 36,2 36,6 38,2 41,4 47,8 46,2 47,8 46,6 45,8 48,7 46,8 51,3 53,5 52,5 53,0 57,8 58,3 175.2 : 60,5 100.6 1 60,5 30,6 .58,2
H™
( m )
8,5 9 8 8,4 8,6 10,5 12 12 10,5 12,5 13,5 12,5 13 13 13 13,5 14 16 16 15 18 15 14 15,5 16 15 18 16 17 18 20 17
Hdc (m)
1,8 3 1,9 1,8 1,8 2,5 2,8 4 1,8 2,8 4,5 1,8 2,2 2,5 4,5 2,5 2,8 5 2,5 4,5 4 2,8
4 3 5 2,5
5 2 2,8
3 5,5 1,3
D, (m)
9 10 8,5 8,2 7,6 10 12 10 11 12 10,5 13,5 11,5 13,5 15 14 16 13,5 14 15 14 14 15 17 14 17 18 15 16 16 18 15
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H E
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
T19 T39 T6 T l T32 T15 T26 T2
50 47 53 55 60 60 63 64
11
12
13
75,00
87,14
99,29
142,5 68,8 145,0 95,0 157,5 110,0 165,0 122,5
165,9 28,4 93,3 26,7 80,7 26,2 66,2 23,4
60,5 58,7 64,1 66,9 73,2 73,5 77,8 78,6
18 16 17 16,5 17 20 17,5
20 5 1,7 2,9 2,2 3 8 1,9 3
19 16 IS 17 23 19 20 19 Bang 2 cho thay, cac cay trdi du tuyen duoc
chpn trong pham vi 10 cap tudi tir cap tuoi 4 (16 - 20 nam tudi) ddn c^p tudi 13 (61 - 65 nam tuoi). Tong sd cay hpi du tuy^n dupc chpn Id 40 cdy, cay troi du
tuyen c6 dp vuot ve nang suat qua thap nhat Id 19,7%
(cayT8) vdcao nhat la 172,5% (cayT14).
3.2.2. Dac diem cua ciy tidi du tuyen theo cap tudi
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cap tupi
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
BangS.TSn) S P Iuong
cay
5 4 6 1 7 4 7 2 2 2
Tu6i trung binh (nam)
19 24 28,2
31 37,9 43,8 48,3 54,0 60,0 63,5
? hpp mOt so chi tifiu theo cap tu6i ciia cay trOi ivt tuy^n Nang suat qua
Trung binh (kg/cay/
nam) 8,9 19,8 33,9 36,3 58,6 70,7 108,8 120,0 133,8 143,8
D6 vupt so voi nang su^t qua trung binh ciing cap
tuoi (%) 24,8 32,1 38,9 19,8 60,1 86,8 102,9 60,0 53,5 44,8
Chi Pen sinh tnrpng trung binh D u
(cm)
24,2 30,6 37,1 41,4 47,1 52,6 59,2 65,5 73,4 78,2
H™
(m)
8,5 11,3 12,9 13,5 15,4 16,1 17,4 16,8 18,5 18,8
Hdc (m)
1,34 2,78 3,05 2,5 3,66 3,88 3,04 2,25 5,5 2,45
D, (m)
8,7 10,8 12,7 14,0 14,5 15,5 16,4 17,5 21,0 19,5 Bang 3 cho thay, tai cap tudi 4, chon dupc 5 cay
trgi dir tuyen, ndng suat qua trung binh la 8,9 kg/cay/nam; do vugt trung binh ve nang sudt qua cua 5 cdy trpi dir tuy^n so voi nang suat qua trung binh ciing cap tudi cua quan the la 24,8%. Tai cap tudi 5, chgn dupc 4 cay trdi dir tuyen, nang suat qua trung binh la 19,8 kg/cdy/ndm; dp vupt tiling binh ndng suat qua Id 32,1%. Tai cap tudi 6, chpn dugc 6 cay trdi du tuy^n, ndng suat qua trung binh la 33,9 kg/cdy/ndm; dp vupt trung binh ve ndng suat qua la 38,9%. Tai cap tuoi 7, chi chpn duoc 1 cay trpi du hiy^n, ndng suat qua ciia cay la 36,3 kg/cay/nam; do vugt vd ndng suat qua cua cay trpi du tuyen so voi nSng suat qua trung binh ciing cap tudi ctia quan the la 19,8%. Tai cap tuoi 8, chgn dupc 7 cay trpi du hiyen, nang suat qua trung bmh Id 58,6 kg/cdy/ndm;
do vuot trung binh ve nang suat qua Id 60,1%. Tai cap tudi 9, chpn dugc 4 cay trpi du tuy^n, nang suat qua trung binh la 70,7 kg/cdy/ndm; dp vuot trung binh ve nang suat qua la 86,8%. Tai cap tudi 10, chgn dupc 7 cay trdi du tuyen. ndng suat qua tnmg binh la 108,8 kg/cay/nam; dp vuot trung binh vd ndng sudt qua Id 102,9%. Tai cap tuoi 11, chpn duoc 2 cay trdi du tuyen, nang sudt qua trung binh Id 120,0 kg/cay/nam; dd vupt tnmg binh vk ndng suat qua Id 60,0%. Tai cap tiidi 12, chon dupc 2 cay tidi du tuyen, nang suat qua trung binh la 133,8 kg/cay/nam; dp vupt trung binh ve nang suat qua la 53,5%. Tai cap hidi 13, chon dupc 2 cdy hgi du tuyen, ndng suat qua hung binh la 143,8 kg/cay/nam; dp vugt tnmg bmh ve nang suat qua la 44,8%.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020 71
KHOA HQC CdNG NGHE
Nang suat qua trung binh ciia cac cdy trdi du dugc nguon gen sai qua cua cdc cdy b ckc cdp tudi tuy^n b cdc cip tudi duoc tdng dan tiieo cap tudi, tir khde nhau.
8,9 kg/cdy/ndm a cdp hidi 4 ddn 148,3 kg/cdy/nam 33 ^hpn cdy trOi chinh thiic theo c ^ tx6i
b cap tudi 13. Vi vdy, vide chon cdy trdi du tuy^n v6 , • u u •nang su^t qua tiiuc hien theo d p hidi moi khai tiiac ^•^•^- ^^^^^^^^^qn ciy ti-di chmh time
Bang 4. Ndng su^t qua vd smh tnrong cua 20 c ^ trQi chinh tfaifc
TT1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sd hieu cay trpi
T31 T22 T33 T29 T7 T16 T34 T21 T25 T30 T17 T27 T3 T4 T14 T18 T19 T6 T32 T26
Tupi cay (nam)
23 28 30 26 39 36 36 40 38 43 45 44 46 47 50 50 50 53 60 63
Cap tuoi
5
6
8
9
10
11 12 13
Nang suit qua Trung binh thep
captupi (kg/cay/nam)
15,08
24,40
36,61
37,82
53,59
75,00 87,14 99,29
Cay trdi (kg/cay/n
am) 22,5 36,3 37,0 37,5 63,8 58,8 57,5 66,3 67,5 68,8 81,3 82,5 137,5 87,5 147,5 107,5 142,5 145,0 157,5 165,0
Dp vuot nang suit qua
(%)
49,2 48,8 51,6 53,7 74,3 60,6 57,1 81,1 84,4 81,9 115,0 118,1 156,6 63,3 175,2 100,6 165,9 93,3 80,7 66,2
Chi tieu sinh tnrong D,.3
(cm)
30,0 36,2 38,2 37,1 47,8 46,6 45,8 48,7 46,8 51,3 53,5 52,5 57,8 58,3 60,5 60,5 60,5 64,1 73,2 77,8
H „ (m)
10,5 12,5 13,5 12,5 14 15 18 15 14 15,5
16 15 16 17 18 20 18 17 17 17,5
Hdc (m)
2,5 2,8 4,5 1,8 2,8 4,5 4 2,8
4 3 5 2.5
2 2,8
3 5,5
5 2,9
3 1,9
D, (m)
10 12 10,5 13,5 16 15 14 14 15 17 14 17 15 16 16 18 19 18 23 20
Bang 4 cho thay, 20 cay trdi chmh thuc dugc
chgn tir 40 cdy trdi du tuy^n theo each lay nhiing cdy cd dp vuot ndng suat qua cao theo thti tu tir trfin xudng. Trong tdng sd 10 cap tudi da chpn cay trdi du tuyen, den khi chgn cay troi chinh thiic phdi loai bo 2 c^p hidi la cap tuoi 4 va 7, vi cay frdi du tuy^n tai 2 c^p tudi ndy khong ndm trong tdp 20 cay hdi du tuyen co dp vuot ve ndng suat qua cao nhat Do do, 20 cay trdi chinh tinic chi ndm trong 8 cap hioi: 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,13; dp vugt ve ndng suat qud cua cdy
troi so vdi nang suat qud trung binh cimg cap tudi tir 48,8% (cay sd T22) ddn 175,2% (cdy sd T14).
3.3.2. Die diem cua cay trdi theo cip tudi
Ddi vdi chpn cdy trpi, do vupt cua chi tieu chpn
gidng cang cao thi cang cd y nghia trong v i ^ khai
thac duoc ngudn gen quy cua quan the[3]. Tai c^p
tudi 5, sd cdy ti-pi dupc chon Id 1 cdy, ndng suat qua
ciia cdy Id 22,5 kg/cdy/ndm, dp vupt ndng suat qua
ciia cay trdi so vdi ndng suat qua trung hinh cimg
cap tiidi la 49,8%. Tai cap tudi 6, so cdy ti-pi A\KfC
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHfi
chpn Id 3 cay, ndng suat qua trung binh Id 36,9 kg/cdy/nam; dp vupt trung binh vfi ndng su^t qua Id 51,4%. Tax cap tudi 8, sd cay trOi dugc chgn Id 5 cdy, nang suat qua trung binh Id 62,8 kg/cay/nam; dp vupt tnmg binh v^ ndng suat qua la 71,5%. Tai cap tudi 9, sd cay trdi duoc chgn Id 3 cay, ndng suat qua trung binh Id 77,5 kg/cdy/ndm; dp vugt ti-ung binh ve ndng suat qua Id 105,0%. Tai cdp tudi 10, sd cdy tt-gi dupc chgn Id 5 cay, ndng suat qua trung binh Id 124,5 kg/cay/ndm; dp vugt trung binh ve nang su^t qua Id 132,3%. Tai cap tudi 11, so cay trpi dupc chpn
la 1 cdy, ndng suat qua cua cdy Id 145 kg/cdy/nam;
dp vupt ndng suat qua la 93,3%. Tai cap tudi 12, sd cdy trgi dupc chpn la 1 cay, nang suat qua cua cay la 157,5 kg/cdy/nam; dd vuot ve nang sudt qua ciia cay Id 87,1%. Tai cap tuoi 13, sd cdy trpi dugc chgn la 1 cay, ndng suat qua cdy Id 165 kg/cay/nam; dd vuot nang suat qua dia cdy la 62,2%.
20 cdy trpi Tram den Hodng Van da dupc So- Nong nghiep va PTNT tinh Bdc Giang cdng nhdn Id ngudn gidng de phdt tnSn vao san xuat
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cap tudi
5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13
Sd lupng
cay
1 3 5 3 5 1 1 1
Bang 5. Tdng hgrp mOt sd Tudi
trung binh (nam)
24 28,2 37,9 43,8 48,3 54,0 60,0 63,5
du ti^u theo cip tudi ciia 20 cay trpi Nang suit qua
Trung binh (kg/cay/nam)
22,5 36,9 62,8 77,5 124,5 145,0 157,5 165,0
Do vupt so voi nang suat qua trung bmh ciing cip
tudi(%) 49,8 51,4 71,5 105,0 132,3 93,3 87,1 66,2
Chi tieu sinh tnrong trung binh
(m)
30,0 37,2 47,1 52,8 59,5 64,1 73,2 77,8
HvB (m)
10,3 12,8 15,2 15,5 17,8 17,0 17,0 17,5
Hdc (m)
10,0 12,3 14,8 16,0 16,8 18 23 20
D, (m)
10,0 12,3 14,8 16,0 16,8 18 23 20 4.KfrLUANVAia6llNGHI
4 . 1 . K ^ t l u ^
- Da xac dinh dupc nang sudt qua va cac chi tieu ve sinh ti-u6ng trung binh theo 10 cap tudi, tir cap hidi 4 (16 - 20 ndm tudi) ddn cap tudi 13 (61 - 65 ndm hidi) dai dien cho quan the Trdm den Hoang Van d^
ldm CO so- cho chgn cay trdi du tuyen.
- 40 cdy trgi du tuyen da dugc chgn tir cac khu vuon rimg vd cdy trong phan tdn tai xa Hoang Vdn.
Cac cdy trpi du tuyen phdn bd b 10 cap tudi, hi cap hidi 4 den cap tiidi 13, cd dp vupt ve nang suat qua so voi ndng suat qua trung bmh ciing cap tudi ctia qudn th^ tir 19,7% den 175,2%.
- Tijf 40 cdy trpi dti tuyen da chpn duoc 20 cay trOi Trdm den Hoang Van. Cdc cay hroi dupc phan bd tai 8 cap tuoi; 5, 6, 8, 9,10,11,12,13 va cd nang suat qua vu^rt trpi so vdi ndng suat qua tiling binh cung cjlp tudi ctia quin th^ hi 48,8% den 175,2%; chat luong cam quan tdt thom. biii, beo, khdng chua, khdng chdt, khdng suong; sinh tnrong trfin tii sd hung binh cimg cap tuoi, khdng hi sdu b?nh hai.
4.2. Ki^n nghi
- 20 cay troi Trdm den Hodng Van da dupc So Ndng nghiep vd PTNT tinh Bdc Giang cdng nhdn Id nguon gidng ciia dia phuong. D^ nghi cac co quan chtic ndng ciia dia phuong co phuong an quan ly vd duy tri cdc cdy trdi ndy de cung cap gidng tdt cho san xuat.
- Tiep tiic cac budc cai thien gidng d* miic do cao hon tren co so' cdc cay trdi da duoc chon.
TAI LEU THAM KHAO
1. Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT (2006). Tieu chuan ngdnh 04 TCN 147 - 2006. Tieu chuan cdng nhan gidng cdy tidng lam nghiep (Soat set Idn 1).
2. Trieu Van Himg va cs (2007). Lam san ngodi go Viet Nam. Du an hd tro chuyfin ngdnh lam san ngoai gd tai Viet Nam - Pha II. NXB ban dd.
3. Jonatiian W. Wright (1976). Inti-oduction to forest genetics. Printed in the united sataes of America.
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
73KHOA HOC C O N G NGHfi
4. Hoang Thanh Loc (2012). Bdo cdo tong ket de 5. Nguyfin Hai Tuat Vu Tien Hinh, Ngd Kim tai chpn gidng va phdt tiien gidng Tram lay qua tai Khoi (2006). Phdn tich tiidng ke ti-ong ldm nghidp.
Hoa Bmh vd mgt sd tinh phia Bdc. ^JXB Ndng nghifip. Ha Ndi.
RESULT OF HOANG VAN BLACK CANARIUM PLUS TREE SELECTION Hoang TTianh LocS Nguyen Van DuS Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong^
^Institute for Improvement of Forest Genetic Resources and Forestry Pmducts Development Siunmary
Canarium tiamdenum Dai & Yakovl is one of the valuable non-timber forest products, the main harvested product IS the fruit. Hoang Van black Cananum tree has been grown for a long time in Hoang Van commune, Hiep Hoa district, Bac Giang province, Hoang Van black Cananum fruit is famous in our country and has been used as a source of clean and nutritious food. However, at present, the crops do not have high yield and fruit quality because they do not have good varieties to serve the production, so breeding research to improve productivity and fruit quality is necessary. Carrying out the research topic under the National Gene Funds Task for tbe 2016 - 2020 period of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institute for Improvement of Forest Genetic Resources and Forestry Products Development have selected 14 forest gardens representing the Hoang Van black Canarium population aged from 16 to 65 years old., corresponding tolO age grades from age grade of 4 (16 - 20 year old) to age grade 13 (61 - 65 year old) to determine fruit yield and growth according to age grades to as a basis for selecting plus trees. From these forest gardens and scattered trees m Hoang Van commune, 40 candidate plus trees were selected from age grade of 4 to age grade of 13. with fruit yield surpassing compared to the average fruit yield of same age grade from 19.796 to 175.2%. From 40 candidate plus trees, 20 plus frees were selected at 8 age grades: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13; fruit yield is superior to the average fruit yield of the same age grades from 48.8% to 175.2%, with good sensory quality, free from pests and diseases. 20 plus free have been recognized by Bac Giang Department of Agnculture and Rural Development as a good local seed source. Proposing the local functional agencies to have a plan to manage and maintam these 20 plus free to provide good seeds for production and serve the next seed improvement research.
Keywords: Hoang Van black Canarium, plus tiee, fruit yield.
Ngu6i phdn bien: TS. Phan Vdn Th&ig Ngdy nhdn bdi: 6/4/2020
Ngdy thdng qua phan bifin: 6/5/2020 Ngdy duyfit ddng: 13/5/2020