^ N g h i e n
CLFU- K y t h u a t
A •7
Khao sat tinh hinh gia ban thifc pham chu'c nang va dinh hu'O'ng viec quan ly
Dat van de
Hien nay s i ngyai mie benh nhy tieu dyang, ung thy, huylt ap eao, nhilu ma trong mau, beo phi (ehilm 30-40% a eae nyac phat then), kha nang de khang eua ca the suy ylu...
ngay eang tang khong ehi a nyac ta ma con a cac nyac phat then. Co nhilu ly do dya din hien tygng nay nhy cyang dp lam viec eang thing, thirc an chi biln hay chit lygng lyang thyc khong dam bao: nhilu chit beo, dIu ma hay thjt ca co hormon tang trpng, thulc trCr sau thyc vat, phu gia, hoat chit hoa hpe nhy gia vj, tao ngpt, mui, pham mau... Do do viee SLF dung thyc pham thien nhien hay thyc pham co tae dung tang cyang siFC khoe la cIn thilt, vai ly do do thyc pham chiFC nang (TPCN) ra dai dap irng khuynh hyang su' dung mai cua ngyai tieu diing. Tuy nhien tren thyc t l chit lygng TPCN thyang dygc phong dai hieu qua chu'a benh de thu hilt khach hang mac du nhyng san pham nay chya dam bao an toan hoac chya du du' lieu khoa hpe de chirng minh, va gia ban cua mat hang nay thuang kha eao dya vao sy phong dai hieu qua chya benh. Kit qua nghien CiFU trinh bay trong bai bao la nhCrng khao sat gia ban thyc t l cua TPCN va dya ra nhyng phan tich chi tilt va djnh hyang cho viee quan ly gia eua TPCN mot each hgp ly han.
Ddi tu'O'ng va phu'cng phap
D l i tipong nghien cii'u
Gia ban TPCN d l cap trong nghien ciru dygc khao sat tren dja ban tinh Binh Dyang - mot tinh CO tic dp kinh t l phat trien Ian va dan ey da dang. Doi tygng khao sat bao gom: ca sd .ban le thulc, sieu thj. Thai gian khao sat dygc
tiln hanh tir thang 4 din thang 7 nam 2009.
Phipong phap nghien ciru
Hii ciru s i lieu v l mat hang TPCN dygc d p s i dang ky taj Cue An toan ve sinh thyc pham trong vong 5 thang tir 12/2008 din 04/2009.
Pham Dinh Luyen, D6 Quang Dirong Khoa Duac, Truomg dgi hoc Y Duac Tp. HCM
Mo ta elt ngang eac hoat dpng ban le TPCN tai cac ca sa ban le thulc va sieu thj vao thai diem quy 2 nam 2009.
Ket qua nghien cCru
Qua s i lieu dang ky tren trang web eua Cue An toan ve sinh thyc pham (ATVSTP)'^', s i lygng TPCN dygc d p s i dang ky tir thang 12/2008 din thang 04/2009 dygc thing ke trong Bang 1.
Bang 1: Kit qua thing ke sd Iwong TPCN dwoc cip sd dang ky tw 12/2008 din 04/2009
T12/08 T01/09 T02/09 T03/09 T04/09 TPCN noi
TPC TPCN N ngoai
Tong cong
137 83 220
167 67 234
65 49 114
84 156 71 157 155 313 Chi trong vong 5 thang da eo 1036 san pham TPCN dygc d p s i dang ky, mil thang co trung binh tLF 200-300 mat hang. Sy phat then qua nhanh cua TPCN nhy hien nay da gay nhilu kho khan trong cong tac quan ly tir khau d p phep eho din khau hau kiem, dan vj quan ly tryc tilp nhy Cue ATVSTP vIn chya co each nao de co the thyang xuyen kiem tra san pham da dya ra thj tryang sau khi dygc d p ho sa dang ky. TPCN dang lyu hanh tren dja ban tTnh Binh Dyang khong nhyng da dang ve s i lygng, chung loai ma con da dang ca ve gia ca, co nhOng mat hang TPCN chi co gia khoang vai nghln ding nhyng cung eo nhu'ng mat hang co gia tren 1 trieu ding/ mot dan vj ban le. Kit qua khao sat trinh bay trong Bang 2 cho thIy sy da dang v l gia ban le TPCN.
Khong phai ngiu nhien cac nha san xult lai muon san pham cua minh mang thyang hieu
"Thyc pham chirc nang", bai theo quy djnh thi thyc pham thong thyang khong dygc ghi bit ky ehi djnh nao, nhyng TPCN dygc phep ghi chi dinh, cho nen nha san xult d i dang quang cao nhieu cong dung cua san pham, nang cao gia trj san pham tCr do gia thanh san pham dygc tang len.
TAP CHi DUQC HOC - 7/2010 (SO 411 NAM 50) 15
• Nghien
CLFU- K y th uat
Bang 2: Thdng ke gia ban le cac mat hang TPCN
Gia san pham Dw6'\ 100 nghin dong Tir 100-300 nghin dong TCf 301-600 nghin d6ng Tir 601 nghin-1 theu d6ng
TLF 1-1,5 trieu Tren 1, 5 trieu dSng
Tong cong
So Iwang mat hang
159 90 50 9 6 3 317
TileVo 50,2 28,4 15,8 2,8 1,9 0,9 100,0
Nghien ciFu da tiln hanh khao sat, so sanh giS san pham tra tui Ipc artiso cua Cong ty TNHH Hoang Duy tryac va sau khi eong b l la TPCN (ehi tilt trong Bang 3). Qua khao sat thj tryang, gia mot goi tr& artiso tui Ipc eo gia dao dpng tLF 300-500 dong/ g6i 2g. Khi san pham tra artiso cua Cong ty TNHH Hoang Duy cong b l la thyc pham thong thyang thi gia san pham re han so vai san pham ciing loai khac.
Tuy nhien de nang eao gia eua san pham, cong ty da thay doi mot chut cong thirc them vao 30% tra linh chi va san pham mai dygc eong b l la TPCN.
Bang 3: So sanh gia cua san phim tra artiso trwdc v^ sau khi cong bd la TPCN
Cong bo Ten san pham Nha sin xuat Gia (VND)/
Dan vi nho nhat
Thyc pham thong thLrang
Tra artiso till loc Tra artiso tiii loc Tra artiso till Ipc
Ca sa tra Tram Anh Cong ty TNHH Dai Gia
Ca SCT tra Tiln Phat
525 515 550 Tra artiso till loc Cong ty TNHH Hoang Duy 325 TPCN Tra artiso-linh ehi tui l<?c 70-30 Cong ty TNHH Hoang Duy 900 Theo thing ke eua Cue quan ly eanh tranh din
cuoi nam 2008 da eo han 40 doanh nghiep dygc d p gily dang ky to chire ban hang da d p tai cac Sa Cong Thyang dja phyang, trong do TPCN la mat hang co s i lygng doanh nghiep tham gia kinh doanh nhilu nhIt, vai han 80%) so doanh nghiep da dang ky kinh doanh da d p . Da s i doanh nghiep kinh doanh eac san pham co nguIn gle nhap khau tir nyac ngoai, thai gian gan day nhCrng mat hang TPCN dygc san xult trong nyac eljng bit dIu dygc ban qua hinh thirc nay'^l
Tuy nhien gia ban cua nhQ'ng TPCN theo Bang 4: So sanh gia mot sd TPCN nhom cung
hinh thLFC ban hang da d p cao han gap nhieu lln so vai mot s i san pham eung ehung loai co ciing eong dung, tac dung. Oe hieu ro van de nay chiing toi da tim hieu, so sanh gia mot so san pham TPCN a nhom bo sung vitamin dygc ban qua hinh thirc ban hang da d p vaj 1 loai thulc CO chit lygng tit eung eong dung la Enervon-C, nhyng san pham nay co thanh phin, eong dung tyang ty nhau la cung cung d p chu ylu vitamin C va mot vai vitamin nhom B khac, tit ca san pham deu dygc khuyin eao SLF dung hang ngay bang dyang uong.
cip vitamin vol Enervon-C
San pham , Enervon-C
B complex C&E Forever Absorbent-C Thyc pham bo sung vitamine C
Super one a day Agel Min
Nha san xuat United pharma
Toplife Aloe vera of Amehcan
Amway BWL Pte Ltd Agel International
Phan loai Thu6c TPCN TPCN TPCN TPCN TPCN
Gia (VND)/
hop 101,500 220,000 246,000 297,000 777,000 1,625,000
Gia (VND)/
11an sw dung 1,015 3,667 2,460 2,970 12,950 54,167
66/ so (Ian)
1 3.6 2.4 2,9 12.8 53.4 Qua so lieu a bang 4 cho thay eae mat hang
TPCN ngoai nhap dygc ban theo hinh thirc ban hang da d p dIu eo gia cao han thulc Enervon-C tir 3-13 lln, ca biet la san pham Agel Min cua tap doan Agel International co gia eao han gip 53,4 lln. De co ly do thuylt phue ngyai
mua phai tra mot mire gia qua ego nhy vay Cong ty da tao nen sy khac biet so vai eac san pham khac bIng each bao ehi dang gel va quang eao la ca the co the hip thu den 100%
va CO kha nang trj dygc rat nhieu benh, ke ca benh ung thy.
16 TAP CHI D U Q C H O C - 7/2010 (SO 411 NAM 50)
iNgnien
CLFU- is.y ihuat
Bang 5: Cach tra thwong cho hinh thwc ban hang da cip cua Agel Min
STT Cac loai hoa hong, thw&ng Ngw&i ban
dw<yc hw&ng 1 Hoa h5ng phan phoi le, Ipi nhuan tryc tiep tren tirng san pham 30%
Toi da (VND)/
1 san pham 486,000
2 Hoa hong doanh so dai ly hang thang 5% 81,000
3 Hoa hong doi nhom (kha phirc tap) 10% 162,000
4 Hoa hong gidi thieu dgi ly phan phoi ( 4 san pham) 35USD 192,566 5 Thu'O'ng du Ijeh nu'O'c ngoai (ban 250 theu/thang) 300USD 3,200 6 Thu'ang xe hgi (b^n 2.51?/ thang/ 4 thang lien tue), thypng hang thang 6000USD 69,984 7 Ngoai ra eon co nhieu loai hoa hong, thirang khac rat phire tap 5% 81,000 Tong ehi phi co the phai tra tren 1 san pham 1,075,750
Gia von + Igi nhuan mong dai (Gross Profit) 396,977 Gia sir Igi nhuan mong dgi ciia nha phan phoi 10% 162,000
Gia von 234,977
Gia ban so vai gia von khoang 6-7 Ian 6.89
Trong vai la ngyai muln ban hang, nhom tac gia da tham nhap vao mang lyai ban hang da d p eua tap doan Agel International de tim hieu vIn d l nay. De ban hang nhan vien ban hang da d p thyang tap trung a khu vyc benh vien, tim hieu thong tin v l nhOng benh nhan co benh hiem ngheo, benh man tinh eo dilu kien kinh t l kha gia de thuylt phue mua san pham.
Qua bang 5 cho chiing ta thIy de ban dygc hang, ma rpng mang lyai kinh doanh cae cong ty ban hang da d p da tra hoa hing cho ngyai ban hang rIt cao, day gi^ thanh san pham len lam eho ngyai tieu diing phai tra mot mire gia qua cao khong hgp ly. Khong chi a Viet Nam ma d eae nyac co sy quan ly TPCN tyang dli chat che nhy Nhat Ban, Hoa Ky, Chau Au thi gia ca nhu'ng mat hang nay cung dygc nang len gap nhieu Ian. Theo bao cao eua nhom IVlelissa Williams cua Ngan hang thi giai vao thang 9/2006 cho bilt gia d eua eae loai TPCN thyang co hoa hIng phan phli rIt cao, tiiy theo noi dung quang cao ma co gia cao han tir 30-500% so vai loai thyc pham tyang dyang thong thyang'"'.
Thyc t l vIn chya co bien phap quan ly gia cac mat hang TPCN vi vay ngyai tieu diing d n nang eao hieu bilt eua minh de tra thanh ngyai tieu diing thong thai c6 the chpn lya cho minh mot san pham tit vai gia ca hgp ly, khong nen dya hoan toan vao tit ca nh&ng thong tin ma
nhan vien ban hang giai thieu.
Hien nay, eae dan vi muln san xult hay kinh doanh cac san pham TPCN deu tryc tilp lien he vai Cue ATVSTP ma khong thong qua Sa Y t l dja phyang, do do Sa Y t l dja phyang rIt kho
kiem soSt so lygng dan vi dang hoat dpng san xult kinh doanh va co bao nhieu m§t h^ng TPCN dang lyu hanh tren dja ban minh quan ly, tir do rIt kh6 c6 bien phSp kiem so^t chat lygng cung nhy gia ban cua TPCN dygc b^y b^n.
Ngoai ra, tit ca moi hoat dpng lien quan den cong tae thanh tra, kiem tra TPCN deu dygc trien khai long gh6p vcri c^c hoat d6ng thanh tra, kiem tra thyc pham n6i chung khi c6 dgt kiem tra phoi hgp lien ng&nh vi vay se khong phu hgp cho dang san pham dae biet n^y.
Nhy vay, vai gj^ ban cua c^c nii3t h^ng TPCN qua cao, khong diing vdri gia trj thyc cOa san pham, nhIt 1^ b^n h^ng qua mang Iy6'i b^n hSng da d p , vi vay B6 Y t l d n khao s^t thyc t l thang so gia b^n, tCr d6 de xuat gJci bSn hgp ly diing vai gia trj thyc cua san pham.
Kdt luan
Vai loai san pham dae biet nhy TPCN vCra dygc xem la thyc pham cung d p "chat dinh dyang nhyng cung dygc ngyai sy dung c6ng nhan co tac dung chu'a benh nhy thuoe, c^c nha quan ly d n eo nhu'ng chinh s^eh quan ly ch$c che han dae biet vai nhyng dang b^n hSng da d p . Ngo^i ra d n nang cao nh§n thiFC cua ngyai dan ve t^c dung that sy cua TPCN, cung nhy viee b l tri Ccin bp chuyen trSch ve TPCN, tang cyo-ng han nya cong t^c quan ly c^c ca sa san xuat, kinh doanh TPCN.
Summary
Functional foods, also referred to as food supplements or nutritional supplements, constitute growing multibillion dollar industries.
TAP CHI DUOC HQC - 7/2010 (SO 411 NAM 50) 17
Nghien ci>u ~ Ky thuat
In a study of GAO^^\ sales of dietary supplements re -hed approximately $23.7 billion in 2007; the global market circulated about 75,000 dietary supplement products in 2008 against approximately 4,000 in 1994.
Moreover, consumers are expected to spend increasing amounts on products of the kind over the next several years. In the Vietnam market, functional foods have witnessed a rapid growth in the recent years. Vietnamese people have had to consume functional foods at unreasonably high costs even those without undergoing any pre-market approval for the safety and efficacy claimed in their labels and advertising information, in this study, an investigation of the retail selling price of functional foods was carried out and appropnate
recommendations for controlling the price of these products were presented as well.
Keywords: functional foods; dietary supplement; health-enhancing foods, retail selling price.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Cue An toan ve sinh thyc pham (http://vfa.qov.vn)
2. Cue Quan ly eanh tranh (http://www.qlct.qov.vn) 3. United States Government Accountability Office - GAG, Dietary supplements - Fda should take further actions to improve oversight and consumer understanding. Highlights of GAO-09-250, a report to congressional requesters (http://www.gao.qov/new.
items/d09250.pdf), (2009)
4. Wohd Bank, Health Enhancing Foods Opportunities for Strengthening the Sector in Developing Counthes (2006).
Nghien ciru quy trinh xu* ly man xac dinh cac
r «? *?
chat Sudan trong my pham va thyc pham
D a t v a n d e
Pham mau sudan la cac c h i t doc hai, thyang dygc sir dung trong cong nghe nhupm bai mau s i c dep va b i n nhyng bj d m sir dung lam c h i t phu gia trong thirc an, my pham ''^l Tuy vay tren t h i giai va a Viet Nam da co nhCrng san pham chira cac c h i t pham mau doe hai nay, eac chat sudan da dygc phat hien trong thyc pham nhy bpt at, d I u at, trirng va san pham gia vj.., trong my pham a mot s i loai son moi, son mong tay '^'.
Qua trinh nghien ciru xay dyng phyang phap phan tich eae chit sudan trong my pham va thyc pham bIng ky thuat HPLC '^' g I m eo 2 phin:
+ Phin 1 : chia tach, phan lap cae cac c h i t Sudan ra khoi m i u n i n de dap irng viec phan tich bang HPLC (gpi la qua trinh xu' ly m i u )
+ Phin 2 : S i c ky de tach rieng eae c h i t sudan va djnh lygng cac c h i t do bIng ky thuat HPLC.
XLF ly m i u la byae d i u tien r I t quan trpng trong phan tich kiem nghiem m i u , tham chi
Nguyen Van Yen va Cs SdYtiHciNoi
quylt djnh sy thanh cong cua qua trinh phan tich mot miu'^'.
Thai gian vira qua, khoa hpe va eong nghe phan tich, kiem nghiem tap trung vao khau do lyang nhy: tang t i c dp phan tich, tang dp phan giai, ty dpng hoa va xCr ly phap do v.v . trong khi XLF ly m i u (thir d p ) dygc coi la khau kho khan nhIt trong qua trinh phan tich song chya dygc quan tam diing mire, trong phan tich sac ky ^, mot s i tae gia yac lygng 2/3 thai gian eua ca quy trinh la XU' ly m i u ; trong djnh lygng m i u bang GC chi d n it phiit de tach va nhyng m i t thai gian gap myai hoac han eho eong doan XLF ly m i u .
De xac djnh cac c h i t sudan trong my pham, chiing toi da nghien ciru xay dyng quy trinh XLF ly m i u vai muc tieu: Thu hdi toan Iwong chit phan tich vol sd giai doan thao tac tdi wu, giam bot cac sai sd do qua trinh xw ly miu gay nen.
T h y c n g h i e m , k § t q u a v a b a n l u a n Hoa c h i t , c h i t c h u i n
- Methanol (HPLC), ethylaeetat (HPLC), dichloromethan (HPLC), ethanol (HPLC)
18 TAP CHI DU^OC HOC - 7/2010 (SO 411 NAM 50)