TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C6NG NCHE- S6 18 -TRU'ONG BAI MMU f-fiytfl .
T 6 C H U ' C H O A T DONG TRAI NGHIEM TRONG DAY HQC V^^T LI THEO DINH HtfOWG PHAT TRIEN NANG LlTC CUA H p C SINH
TS. Qudch Nguyin Bdo Nguyen*. Ngd Tan Mnh", ThS. Dd Himg DUng"' TS. Phan Nhdt Khdnh"'*'
TOM TAT
Hogt dong trdi nghiem Id mgt ngi dung mai h-ong chucmg trinh Gido due pho thong 2018. Hogt dgng trai nghiem la mgt hogt dgng bdt bugc cho todn bg chuong trinh gido due. Ben canh viec td chiic hoat dgng theo ki hogch rieng hogt dgng trdi nghiem con dugc Idng ghep vdo tdt ed cdc mon hgc. Dgy Id mot kho khdn khong nhd cho ddi tugng gido vien Men nay. Di gop phdn gidi quyit nhOng khd khdn ndy, ngi dung bdi bdo tiin hdnh phdn tich mgt sd van di lien quan din guan diim, cau triic ndng luc, ngi dung di tit ddy di xudl mgt so gidi phdp trong viee ti chuc hogt dgng trdi nghiem trong dgy hoc bg mon Vgt li.
1. Mo* dau
Chucfng trinh Giao dpc pli6 tiiong tong tlie ban lianh tiiang 7 nam 2017 da xac dinli ciiuong trinh bao g6in 13 mon hoc va hoat dgng giao due duac xay dung theo dinh hucmg phat tridn nang iuc cua hoc sinh [2]. Trong c4u true nay, hoat ddng trai nghiSm (HDTN) la hoat dong giao due bat bupc cho tat ea cae cap hoe. Ben canh viee to chirc HDTN theo leg hoach chung, HDTN con phai dugc ifing ghep vao trong timg noi dung cac mon hgc eu the. Tuy nhien, hien nay nhieu giao vien chua that su hieu ve HDTN. Do do, viec to chiic HDTN noi ehung va to chuc HDTN noi rieng trong day hgc Vat li theo dinh huong phat trien nang luc la mgt Idio Idian cho dgi ngii giao vien hien nay. NhSm thao g& nhflng kho khan nay, ngi dung bai bag tiSn hanh phan tich mgt s6 dae diem va neu ra mgt s6 dinh hucmg v& giai phap thuc hien trong viee t6 chuc HDTN trong day hgc Vat li.
2. N6i dung
2.1. Hogt dgng trdi nghiem vd cdc ndng lire dgc thii
HDTN da dugc nhiSu tac gia trgng va ngoai nuoc nghien cftu [3],[4],[5]. Tim tmng lai CO thS hilu, HDTN la heat dgng giag due co t6 chiic dugc thuc hien boi nhi giao due nhim hinh thanh va phat tri6n nang luc eua ngudi hgc. Trong hoat dgng nay, ngucii hgc thong qua trai nghiem true ti6p cua ban than, tren co so ki6n thiic va kinh nghiem da co giai quyjt nhiem vii hgc tap hoac mgt vjn de thuc tiSn. Tir diy, hpc sinh hinh thanh ki6n thiic va kinh nghiem mcri. Chu trinh nay la mgt vong lap lien tuc trpng qua trinh hpc tap va iao dgng cua hgc sinh.
Chu trinh cua HDTN co th6 dugc torn ggn nhu sau:
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE - SO 18 - TRU'O'NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN O O N G
Hinh 1. Chu trinh torn gpn hogt dpng trdi nghiim ciia hge sinh Chuang trinh mdn HDTN da xac djnh se gdp phin vao viec hinh thanh cac nang luc chii ylu sau a ddi tugng ngudi hpc: nang luc thich iing voi cupc sdng, nang luc thilt kl va td chiie boat ddng, nang lire djnh hudng ngbl nghidp. Chuong trinh cung da neu cac yeu cau co ban can dat d cac ddi tugng bpe sinh khac nhau. Dl thuc hien viec ren luyen cac nang lire tren, HDTN dugc xac dinh se dugc td chiic vdi nhilu npi dung va hinh thiie phong phii nham dap iing dugc nhu ciu va kha nang da dang cua ngudi hpc.
HDTN phai tdi da hoa HDTN cua ngudi hpc.
2.2. Dae diem npi dung vd ndng luc dgc thii cua bo mon Vdt li
Tilp can v l quan dilm xay dimg chuong trinh theo dinh hudng phat triln nang luc ciia ngudi hpc, chuong trinh mdn Vat li mdt mat gop phan vao viec phat trien cac ph&n chat va nang lire chung da duac xac dinh. Mpt mat khac, ndi dung chuang trinh phai gdp phan vao viec hinh thanb cac nang lire dac thu ciia bp mdn: Nang lire nhan thiic vat Ii, nang luc tim hilu the gidi tu nhien dudi gde dp Vat li, nang lire van dung kiln thiic va kT nang da hpc. Nhu vay, dl dam bao thuc bien dugc muc tieu tren, ndi dung chucmg trinh ngoai viec dam bao npi dung kiln thiic phd thdng ca ban, hien dai thi da xSy dung 09 chuyen de hpc t|p [1]. DSy la mpt npi dung khac biet so vdi chuong trinh hien hanh. Ben cEinh diy, vide thue hien k l hoach giang day khdng nhit thiet phai thuc hien theo mot kl hoach cu thi nhu trudc day ma cd thi td chirc mOt each linh boat, ket hgp nhieu ngudn tai lieu, mien sao dam bao dugc logic hinh thanh kien thiic va muc tieu chucTig trinh.
2.3. Ddi chiiu cdu true ndng lue dae thii ciia HDTN vd bp mon Vdt li
Tren co sd nhimg hilu bilt nhit dinh v l HDTN, dk cd thi td chiic tdt HDTN trong day hpc Vat li, chiing ta cin thilt phai ddi chilu net tuang ddng trong ciu triic ma HDTN vamdn Vat li hudng din.
Nhu v|iy, nlu dl rdi tiing nhdm nang lire dac thu thi se khdng nhan diay dugc su- phii hgp giira cac nang luc dac thii ciia HDTN va nang lire dac thii ciia mdn Vat li.
Nhung khi dk hai nhom nang lire nay d ben canh nhau chiing ta cd thi nhan thay cac nhdm nang I\rc ciia hai ndi dung cd nhilu dilu kien dl eo thi hd trg lin nhau frong qua trinh ren luyen nang lire d ddi tupng ngudi hpc.
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 75
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - SO i « - T R I ^ O N G BAI HQC PHAM VAN S U I N G
mnh 2. Ddi chiiu sa lugt ndng luc dae thit ciia HDTN vd mon Vgt li So sanh hai nhdm nang luc, chiing ta nhan thay, nlu tiln hanh boi dudng dupc nang lgc nh§n thiie vat li, ngudi hpc se hieu quy luat van ddng ciia su vat, hien tugng, tir diy gdp phin vao viee boi dudng nang lyc thich iing cua hpc sinh. Nlu bdi dudng dugc nang lire tun hilu thi gidi tu nhien, nang luc van dung kiln thiic kT nang da hpc thi se gdp phin bdi duong dugc nang lire hudng nghidp va thilt ke td chirc boat ddng. O chieu ngugc lai, nlu HDTN bdi duong dugc nang lire thich irng se giiip ngudi hpc dl dang thay ddi, dieu tilt ban than, thay doi k l hoach linh boat dl phii hpp vdi hoEit ddng nban thiic trong cac dieu kien mdi. Nlu nang lire budng nghiep dugc phat trien, dinh hudng ngudi hpc vao cac nganh khoa hpc kT thuat, khoa hpe co ban thi se gdp phan vao viec kich thich hung tbii bpe tap bp mdn Vat li ciia hpe sinh. Tir diy gdp phan trong viec ren luyen cac nang lue dac thii cua bd mdn Vat li.
Nhu vay, ea hai nhdm nang luc nay cd mdi quan he tuang hd, tac dpng qua lai lin nhau, la nen tang, tao dieu ki?n cho nhau phat trien va hoan thien. Tir day cd the ket luan, vi?c td ehiie HDTN trong qua trinh day hpc bp mdn Vat li la can thiet. Tuy nhien, de d^it dugc hieu qua nhu mong mudn, ngudi giao vien can phai tien hanh phan tich dac trung npi dung kien thuc trong chuang trinh Vat Ii, ciing nhu trinh dp nang luc hien tai ciia ddi tupng hpc sinb, dieu kien ca sd vat chat bien cd.
2.4. Mpt so quan diim sai ldm trong viec td chuc HDTN
Bk td chiic HDTN mdt each hieu qua, giao vien phai hilu ro ban chit ciia HDTN.
Tuy nhien, mdt bd phan khdng nhd giao vien cdn cd nhilu quan dilm sai lim v l bojit dpng nay. Tren co sd phdng van mdt sd giao vien giang day bd mdn Vat li tai cac trudng phd thdng tren dia ban cac tinh Thira Thien Hul, Da Nang, Quang Binb, Dik Lik, chiing tdi nhan tbay cd mdt so dilm cin luu y nhu sau:
- Giao vien cho rang HDTN la mdt ten gpi khac ciia boat dpng ngoai gid len ldp.
Vdi quan dilm nhu vay, HDTN vd tmh da bi giam y n^Ta cua boat dpng trong viec gdp phin bdi dudng cac nang Iuc rat quan trgng d ngudi hpc nhu: nang luc thich img, nang l\rc budng nghidp,...
- HDTN ddi vdi bd mon Vat li cbi cd thi to chirc vdi eac npi dung v l irng dung khoa hpc kT thuat. Vdi quan dilm nay, HDTN vd hinh chung dugc nhin nhan nhu la mo hmh day hpe STEM. Trong khi dd, HDTN trong bp mdn Vat li cd thi td chirc vdi nhilu ngi dung khac nbu bao ve mdi frudng, hudng ngbidp, van hda nghe thuat,... di kem vdi
TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U - Q N G DAI HQC PHAM VAN B O N G
cac npi dung tren la thdi gian tbuc bien va hinh thiic td chiic rit phong pbii nhu cau lac bp, hdi thi, dien dan tuang tac.
- Td chiic HDTN mit nhilu thdi gian, kinh phi va gidi ban ve ddi tupng tham gia va khdng gian td chiic. Trong dilu kien gidi ban v l thdi gian ciing nhu ca sd vat chit hien nay thi HDTN khd cd thi thyc hien bieu qua. Tuy nhien, ban chit cua HDTN trong giao due Iii nhiing trai nghiem true tiep cua ngudi hpc ma qua diy ngudi hpc cd thi hinh thanh nen nhung gia Ui mdi cho ban than. Nhiing trai nghiem nay cd thi vl thi chit, ciing cd thi ve tinh than, cac trai nghiem d miic dp thip din eac trai nghiem d miic dp cao. Do dd, neu tan dyng tdi da thdi gian hpc t§p, ca sd vat chit hien cd va cac nguon luc khac thi HDTN hoan toan cd the td chiic va mang lai hieu qua eao.
- Giao vien cho rang hpc sinh cbi rap khudn, may mdc va khdng cd sang tao trong cac boat d^ng nay. Giao vien lo ngai hpe sinh se lam hdng, lam sai. Diing nhu vay, hpc sinh cd the r|p khudn, cd thi bit chudc tii nhung hudng din cd sin, hpc sinh cung cd thi sai nhung giao vien phai chap nhan nhiing cai sai ciia hpc sinh, hpc sinh se nhan hpc dugc nhieu dilu tir nhirng cai sai g£ip phai tti diy nit ra kinh nghiem cho ban than. Nhihig van de cd the khdng mdi la vdi nhieu ngudi nhung vdi hpc sinh nd mdi la, nhu vay vin de dugc neu ra da cd y nghia.
- Giao vien chua danh gia diing v l HDTN, Hpc sinh hiu nhu chi quan tam din san phSm ciia boat ddng va dai bd phiin giao vien cQng chi danh gia ve san phSm ciia ngudi hpc. Tuy nhien, san pham chi la mgt phan nhd cua boat ddng, la ca sd de kich thich hiing thu cua ngudi hpc. Trong khi diy, edt loi ciia HDTN chinh la boat ddng ciia hpc sinh, nhiing vin dl hpc sinh da trai qua va nhiing dieu da hinh thanh trong ban than ngudi hpc thdng qua hoat dpng day.
Tren day la mdt sd quan diem ma giao vien hien nay thudng gap phai. Do do, de cd thi td chiic tdt HDTN trudc tien cin giiip ddi tugng giao vien hilu rd bon vl ban chat ciia HDTN.
2.5. Dinh hu&ng mpt so HDTN eo the to chuc trong dgy hpc Vgt li
Trong khudn khd npi dung bai bao, chiing tdi ehi tap trung vao viec phan tich ngi dung kiln thiic mdn VSt Ii thudc chuong trinh Vat li THPT hien hanh va mpt sd ndi dung thuge chuong trinh mdi nhim hd trg cho giao vien nhirng dinh hudng budc dau de cd the lam quen va tilp can vdi viec td chirc HDTN trong day hpc bd mdn Vat li.
a. Td chuc HDTN theo hu&ng hinh thdnh Min thirc m&i
HDTN trong hinh thanh kiln thiic mdi la nhihig trai nghiem dan gian, hoc sinh cd thi tiln hanh mdt each nhanh ehdng, hieu qua. Nhimg trai nghiem nay cho hoc sinh quan sat, cam nhan v6 cae hidn tugng mdi tir diy kich thich hung thii va nhu ciu ciia hpc sinh trong viec tim kilm kiln thfic nhim giai thich hien tugng. Cac trai nghiem loai nay, khi to chiic, giao vien phai xac dmh cac nhiem vu sao cho co sy nd lyc ciia hpc sinh nhung van phai dam bao su thanh cdng ciia ket qua trai nghiem.
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 77
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - SO 18 - T R U P N G ^ A I HOC PHAM V A N B ^ N 0 _
Vi du: Giao vien cd thi ebo hpc sinh nhimg trai nghiem ve quan sat chuyen dpng cua mdt vat dugc nem xien. Tir nhirng gde quan sat ciia cac hpc sinh khac nhau, hpc smh md ta hinh dang chuyin ddng ciia vat tir diy xay dung khai niem vl tinh tuang ddi^ cua quy dao. Nhu vay, thdng qua quan sat mdt chuyen ddng don gian ma hpc sinh cd the ren luyen dugc nang luc ve nhan thiic vat li.
b. TS chuc HDTN theo hu&ng ung dung cdc kiin thuc vgt li vdo thue tiin
Cac kiln thirc vat li cd nhilu img dung trong thuc tiln, tuy nhien kien thirc vat li thudng khd hilu va khdng cd nhilu y nghTa vdi ngudi hgc. Ly do ciia van de nay la hpc smh khdng nhsin ra duac mdi lien he ciia cac kiln thiie nay vao thuc tien. Do do, ddi vdi eae HDTN dang nay, giao vien phan tich cac kien thirc da hpc, tir diy xay dyng cac nhiem vu hoc tip cho ngudi hpc mang tinh chit thilt kl chl tao cho hpc sinh nham giai quylt mdt vin dl cu thi trong thyc tiln. Vdi nhidm vu nhu vay, hpc sinh cd thd tan dung rit nhilu vat dung don gian, dl kilm va re tiln dl thyc bien nhiem vy. Nhiing nhidm vu nhu v§y cin ed thdi gian thye hien tuong ddi Idn. Vi thdi gian thye hien dki, giao vidn cSn xac djnh cac boat ddng va mue tieu cu the ciia timg boat ddng de cd the kiem soat ddi tupng hpc sinh.
Vi du: Che tao may phat dien mini cd thi thip sang 1 den led. Vdi ho^-t ddng nay, hpc sinh hieu dugc nhiing kien thiic dugc hpc ve tir tudng, sy bien thien tir trudng qua mdt mach kin dugc umg dung trong viec tao ra dong dien. Nhung de cd the thap sang 1 den led, viec thiet ke va che tao budc dau chua dam bao thanh cdng ciia nhiem vu. De hoan thanh nhiem vu, hpc sinb cdn phai phan tich va van dung rat nhieu kien thiic khac nhu: dinh luat Ohm cho toan mach, dien trd eiia day dan,... tbdng qua boat dpng nay, hpc sinh dugc ren luyen ve nang luc thiet ke va td chiic boat ddng, nang lyc van dung kien thiie kl nang da hpc.
c. To chuc HDTN theo dinh hu&ng nghe nghiip
Mdt trong nhiing nang luc dac thu cua hoat dpng trai nghiem la nang lyc hudng nghiep. Kiln thiie vat li gan lien vdi thyc tien, tir day cac kiln thiic v&t li ciing gin kit vdi rit nhilu nganh nghe trong ddi sdng. Do do, cac HDTN dang nay hudng din viec gin kit cac nganh nghe trong ddi song va cac kiln thiic vat li ma hpc sinh dugc hpc. HTOTN nay thudng dugc td chiic d hai d ^ g : Gin kit vdi cac nganh ngbl ndi ehung va g§n kit vdi cac nganh ngbl d dia phuong noi rieng. Theo dang thir nhit, thdng qua cac kiln thiic dugc hpc, giao vien sii dung cac kT thuat day hpc tich eye, td chiic cho hpc sinh xac dinh cac nganh nghe da biet cd lien quan. Thdng qua cac boat ddng lien tuc, hgc sinh cd the nhan thiy mdi quan he, cac iing dung sau rpng ciia Vat li trong cae nganh nghi, cdng viec nay khdng nbiing giup hpc smb boi duang nang luc van dung kiln thiic da hpc ma cdn bdi dudng nang lyc budng nghiep cho hpc sinh. Doi vdi dang thii hai, giao vien cd thi cho hpc smh ty luc tun hilu cac nganh ngbl dang cd d dia phuong, hoac td chiic cho hpc sinh tham quan, hpc tap trai nghiem ngbl nghiep tryc tilp tai cac ca sd san xuit kinh doanh. Sau qua trinh tim hieu, hpc sinh se viit bao cao vl cac vin dl nhu kiln thiic vat li
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE - SO 18 - T R U O N G BAI HOC PHAM V A N D O N G
nln da dugc sir dyng, cac kien thiic vat li lien quan va cam nhan v l nghe nghiep da dugc tim hilu.
Vi dy:
- Dang thii nhit: Khi hgc xong ndi dung kiln thiic phan quang hpc, giao vien sii dung sa do tu duy de xac dinh cac nganh ngbl ma cac em da bilt cd sti dung cac kiln thiic quang hpc.
- Dang thii hai: Giao vien td chiic cho hoc sinh tham quan eo sd diic ddng (mpt nghi tmyin thdng tai Hue). Sau budi tham quan, giao vien yeu ciu hpc sinh viit bao cao ve hoat dpng vdi mpt sd ndi dung da neu d tren.
d. To chirc HDTN theo djnh hu&ng bdo v4 moi truang
Mdi trudng la mdt vin de toan ciu va dang dugc toan thi gidi quan tam. Nhimg ling dung ciia VSt li mpt mat giiip con ngudi cai tao the gidi, mdt mat khac, nhimg iing dung nay cung gay ra nhiing vin dl v l mdi trudng nhit dinh. Do dd, trong day hpc Vat li, vice kit hgp vdi boat dpng trai nghiem la mpt hinh thiic td chiic phii hgp dl gido due hgc sinh trong viec tilt kidn nang lugng va bao ve mdi trudng. Hinh thiic td cbiic HDTN nay thudng dupe to ehiic dudi dang mdt nhiem vu hpc tap yen can hpc sinh tdi uu bleu nang sii dung, van dung eac kiln thiic vat li dugc hpc dl giai quylt mdt bai toan vl mdi trudng trong ddi song.
Vidu:
- Cho hpe sinh mdt hpp kin, va mdt sd bdng den nhat dinh, bai toan dat ra la hpc smh nghien ciiu lap rap cac bdng den theo sa dd nhu thi nao dl cd the sii dung it bdng den nhit hoac si: dung it didn nang nhit nhung vin dam bao cudng do sang trong hop kin theo qui dinh.
- v i n dk thyc tidn dugc dua ra la d nhiem ngudn nudc d nhieu thanh phd Idn. Giao vien yen ciu hpc sinh van dung cac kiln thiic vat li da dugc hpc de cd the Ipc ngudn nudc ban thanh ngudn nudc s^ch cd the sii dyng dupc.
Tbdng qua cac hoat ddng nhu vay, hpc sinb dugc ren luyen nang lyc thiet ke va td chiic ho^t dpng, nang luc v ^ dung kiln thirc va kT nang da hpc, thdng qua qua trinh thuc hien kl hoach, hpe smh dupe ren luyen nang lyc thich irng, nang lyc tim hieu the gidi ty nhiSn dudi gdc dp Vat li.
e. Kiim tra ddnh gid theo ho sa hgc tap eua hgc sinh
Vdi bdn dinh hudng ndi tren, cd thi dam bao himg thu ciia hgc sinh trong qua finh hpc t|:p mdn Vit li. Nhung dilu diy khdng ddng hanh cimg thanb cdng trong viec bdi duong nang lyc cho hpe sinh. Viec bdi duong nang lyc chi thanh cdng khi hmh thirc danh gia cd sy thay ddi, danh gia toan bd qua trinh thyc hien ciia ngudi bpe chii khdng chi chii trpng vao viec danh gia kit qua san phim cudi cung. Hmh thiic danli gia dugc de xuit 1^ danh gia theo hd sa hpc tap ciia hpc sinh. Hd sa hpc tap dugc hieu la toan bg thdng tin ve ddi tugng ngudi hpc trong qua trinh hpc tap; do la philu hpe tap da thuc
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 79
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C6NG NGHE - SO 18 - TRyONG BAI HOC PHAM VAIi v^^2:;_
hien, ki hoach da xay dung, phiiu danh gia d3ng ding, phong vin cua giao vien, phieu quan sat cua giao vien va tap the, qua trinh thuc hien hoat dgng, san pham hoat dgng,...
DSi vai moi hinh thiic danh gia lai co each phan chia ti ie dong gop tiiy thupc vao dp tm cay va dac thu ciia hoat dgng. Viec danh gia thee ha so hoc tap la mgt cgng viec cpng phu nhung nhSt thiSt phai dupe thuc hien trong qua Uinh b6i duong nang iuc eho hgc smh.
3. Ket luan
Thgng qua viec phan tich cac nang luc dac thu ciia HDTN va bg raon Vat li, CO the nhjn thdy sir tuong ddng, c6 thj hS trp lin nhau trong qua ttinh b6i du8ng nang Iuc cho d6i tugng hgc sinh. Ben canh diy, ngi dung kiln thiic mdn Vat U CO nhieu dieu kien va thuan Ipi ttong vi?c to chiro HDTN thep dinh huong b6i duong nang luc cho hpc sinh.
T6ng hpp cac kSt qua nghien ciiu da thuc hi$n, chung toi da due ket iai 05 dinh huong ttong vi?c t6 chiic. Tuy nhien, day chi la nhiing nghien ciiu bucfc dau. De co the cu the hoa hpn nua vao qua trinh t6 chiic day hgc, chung ta vin can tigp tuc nghien ctiu sau hon de hoan thien va phat ttien
TAI LI|:U THAM KHAO
1. Bg Giap due va Dap lap (2018), Chucmg trinh gido due pho thong mon Vgt li. Ha Ngi.
2. Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2017), Chuong trinh gido due pho thdng tong the. Ha Npi.
3. Bg Giap due va Dao tao (2018), Chuang trinh gido due phd thong hogt dgng trdi nghiem vd hogt dgng trdi nghiem, hudng nghiep. Ha Npi.
4. Cao Thi Song Huong, (2017), "Hpc tap thpng qua ttai nghiem ttong day hgc Vat li", Tgp chiGido due, S6 dac biet, tt.181-184,
5. Nguyin Thi Lien (chii bien), Nguyin Thi H5ng, Tucfng Duy Hai, Dao Thi Ngge Minh, (2016), T6 chtic Hogt dgng trdi nghiem trong nhd truungpho thdng, NXB Giao due Viet Nam.
*Trirang Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hpc Hue
**Tm(mg THPT NguySn Thai Binh - Quang Nam
***Trucmg Dai hgc B6ng Nai, Nghien cuu sinh Tmong Dai hoc Su pham - Dai hgc Hue
****Sa Giao due va Dao tao tinh Dak Lak