Chdo mOttg Ky niim 71 ndm Cdch mgng thdng Tdm vd (ju^c khdnh 2/9
MOT SO VAN DE VE MOI QUAN HE GIUA CHVC NANG BUOC TOI VA CHUC NANG THUC HANH QUYEN CONG TO
HOANG T A M P H I *
Nghien cuu vi qud trinh gidi quyet vu dn hinh s^ cdn nhiiu quan diim ddng nhdt chitc ndng bupc tpi trong td tung hinh su v&i chirc nang thifc hanh quyin cdng td cua Vipn kiem sat, ho^c chua xdc dinh rd mdi quan he giua chuc nang bupc tpi v&i chitc ndng thuc hdnh quyin cdngtd. Trong phgm vi bdi viet, tdc gid tap trung phdn tich mpt s6 nhirng npi dung cff bdn de ldm rd mdi quan hp giira chitc nang bupc tpi vd chitc nang thiec hdnh quyin cong to.
T
rong khoa hpc ludt td tung hinh su hien nay cdn nhieu quan diem khdc nhau vg chirc nang td tyng, nhtmg da sd cdc nhd nghidn ciiu deu cho rang ifi tgng hinh sg tdn tgi ba chiic nang co ban Id chirc nang budc tfii, chiic nang bao chua (chiic nang gd tpi) va chirc ndng xet xir.Cd thd ndi chiic nang bupc tdi la chuc ndng xudt bien sdm nhai. Id tign dh va cd tinh chdt quygt dinh cho sy van hdnh ciia to tung hinh su; chiic nang budc idi xuit hifn keo theo sy xuat hifn ciia chiic ndng bao chiia, tilp den la ehiic ndng xet xii.
(1) Xem, Ths. Nguyen Trucmg Tin, "MQI SO vdn de ly lugn ve chuc nang bugc tgi trong to tumg hinh su vd vdn de sua ddi, bo sung Bp lugt To tying hinh sif 2003 lien quan den chirc nang buQC tdC\ Tap chi Nhii nudc va ph^p luat, sfi 8/2009, tr.72
(2) Xem, TS. Le Tien Chau, Bai "MQI SO vdn di vi chitc ndng buQc tgi". Tap chi Khoa hgc phap 1^, sfi 3/2003.
Ndi each khdc, khdng cd chiic ndng bufc tpi thi khdng cd chiic nang bao ehiia va cung khdng cfi chiic nang xet xuK^). Chinh vi vai ttd quan ttpng ndy nen can ddt ra yeu cau vd vifc nhgn thiic dimg dan vd cdc chiic nang td tgng ndi ehung vd chiic ndng budc tdi ndi ridng.
1. Khai nifm chirc nang huge tdi Khi ban vl khdi nifm chiic ndng budc tfi hifn nay cdn t^n tai nhieu quan didm khdc nhau, nhimg cd the khai qudt cac quan digm chinh nhu sau:
Quan diim thic nhdt, bugc tpi la ghep cho ai mpt vifc bi luat hinh sy trimg phat, hay huge tfii Id ludn tdi(2). Theo tac gid, nhdm quan didm ndy khdng dg cap dgn chu thi thuc hifn chiic ndng bugc tfi va thu hep phgm vi ciia chiic ndng bupc idi la chi bat
*Lu^t sw, Dodn Lu$t su thanh phd Ha Ngi.
Tgp chi
401 K I E M S A T /So17(thang9aoi6)
HQmfiN c6v • TRAO D6I diu vdo thcri didm xet xii tgi phien ida, khi
ngudi thay mat Nha nudc gdn ghep cho mgt ngudi cu ihl thuc hifn hdnh vi phgm tdi thi do Id thyc hien sg bufc tgi. Nhiing ngudi khdng ddng tmh vdi quan diem ndy cho rang hieu bugc tfii nhu vdy la qud h?p.
Sg bugc tgi khfing chi didn ra tgi phien tda ma nd dugc bat ddu sara hon (kd tii khi mft ngudi chinh ihirc bi dua vdo vdng tfi tyng) va nd khdng chi don ihuan Id hdnh vi gdn ghep tfii ldi cho mdt ngudi ma vifc bupc tdi dugc thyc hifn vdi tdng hgp cdc hogt dpng td tyng hudng ddn su chiimg minh ldi cua mdt ngudi da thuc hifn hdnh vi bi luat hinh su ngbiem cam(3).
Quan diim thit hai, budc tfii la ket luan ciia Vien kigm sdt tmdc phign tda vl hdnh vi phgm idi ciia bi can, dua tten co sd phan tich chiing cii, van dyng cdc didu, khoan phdp ludt da quy dinh. Kiem sat vign cfi quygn budc tgi nhung viee kit idi lgi ihudc ve quyen ciia Tda dnf^). Quan dilm nay cho rang chu the thue hien chiic nang bugc ipi Id Vifn kiem sdi nhung cung khdng dinh vifc budc ipi chi dien ra d phidn tda md thdi. Vdi quan didm ndy ciing da thu hep phgm vi cua chiic nang budc tgi.
Quan diem thit ba, chuc nang bufc tfi cdn ggi la chiic ndng tmy ciiu ttdch nhifm hmh sg. Id ragt dgng hogt ddng td h^ng nham phai hifn ke pham tdi, chiing minh loi ciia ngudi do, bdo ddm phan xir vd hinh phgt ddi vdi ngudi dd(5). Theo quan didm nay cd ihl hidu chiic ndng bugc ipi khdng
chi thufc ve Vifn kiem sdt. Nhirng hogt dfng ndo nham phdt hien tfii pham, chiing minh Ifii ciia mgt ngudi nhdm dg xet xii vd quylt dinh hinh phai dfii vai ngudi dd thi thufc chiic nang budc tdi nhu thdng qua hogi dpng didu tra ciia minh, Co quan dllu tta ciing thuc hifn chiic ndng bufc tfi.
Nhung do ddc tbii vd yeu cdu chiing minh bufc tpi d giai dogn dieu tra va xet xur Id khdc nhau nen hinh thiic bufc tdi ciia Ca quan dilu tra va Vifn kidm sdt ciing khdc nhau. Vg bdn chdi, cd hai ca quan iien hdnh td tyng nay ddu cd chiic nang budc tf i(6).
C ^ n diem nay khac phuc nhugc diem cua hai quan didm ttgn la md rgng phgm vi vd chu thg thuc hifn chirc nang bugc igi nhung chiing ta deu biet rang, mac du Co quan dieu tta va co quan cd ihdm quyen tidn hanh mdt sd hogt ddng didu fra ciing cfi quyln quyet dinh viec bdt, tgm giii, tgm giam... va ngudi bi dp dyng bien phap ndy frd thanh ngudi bi budc tdi, nhung ede quylt dinh do diu phdi dugc Vifn kiem sdt phe chu&i(^). Suy cho eung thi co quan quylt dinh vifc bugc tfii la Vifn kiem sat, ede CO quan khac nhu Ca quan digu tra hogc ca quan dugc giao nhifm vy tign hanh mdt sd hogt ddng dilu tra chi tien bdnh cdc hogt ddng hd frg cho vifc budc tfii ciia Vifn kidm sdt.
Quan diem thie tu, chiie nang huge tgi Id mfii dgng boat dfing id tung hinh sg phdt sinh hi khi cd ngudi hi budc tfi (bi bat, bi
(3) Xem, TS. Le TiSn Chau, Tldd (4) Xem, TS. Lg Tiln Chau, Tldd, (5) Xem, TS. Lfi Ticn Chau, Tldd.
(6) Xem, TS. L6 T i ^ ChSu, Tldd.
(7) Xem, PGS.TS Hoang T. Mmh Son, ''Khdi nim. vi tri, vai tro, y nghia aia cdc chuc ndng to tyng hinh s(f", Hgi thdo khoa hgc "Cac chiic nang cua T6 tyng hinh sy trong boi canh cai each tir phdp d Vi?t Nam hi§n nay", Hgc v i ^ KHXH, 28/11/2015.
, Tap chi Sd17{thang»2016)VjaEMSAT 141
Chdo mitng Ky niim 71 ndm Cdch mgng thdng Tdm vd Quoc khdnh 2/9 tgm gili hoae khdi td vdi tu cdch bi can....)
do Vien kiem sat iien hdnh, huge ngudi phgm tpi phdi chiu ttdch nhifm hinh sy theo quy dinh cua phdp luat(*). Ddy ciing Id quan dilm cua tdc gid. Bdi vi, quan diem ndy the hifn dugc ddy du cdc dac diem dgc trung CO bdn cua ehiic ndng bupc tfi ttong id tung hinh sg la: (1) Chiic ndng bufc tfi Id mdt dgng hoat ddng hoat ddng chinh eua t6 tung hinh su; (2) do Vien kiem sat thuc hifn; vd (3) bat ddu tir khi cd ngudi bi bugc tfi (ngudi bi bdt, bi tgm giu, bi khdi id bi can) nham huge ngudi dd phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
2. Khai nifm thvc hanh quyen cdng to vd vifc phdn bift chiic ndng thirc hdnh quyen cdng to vol chiic nang bugc tgi
Tmdc tign, cdn phdi xac dinh quygn cfing to Id gi vd ihuc hdnh quygn cfing ifi Id gi? Cd rdt nhieu tai lifu, cdng trinh khoa hgc da dua ra quan diem ve quygn cfing tfi, mdi quan diem deu cd npi dung vd each lap lugn ridng, nhung hdu hgt dgu thdng nhdt npi dung cua quydn cdng id vdi npi dung bude tdi ldm mdt. Dg xdc dinh diing dan khdi nifm quyen cdng id, tdc gid cho rang can phai khang dinh mdt sd van dl sau day: Thir nhdt, quydn cdng td la quyen cua Nhd nudc, Nhd nudc iiy quyln cho mft CO quan cy thg thye hifn quygn ndy trong bd mdy ca quan Nhd nudc phdn quyen hoae phdn cdng thyc hifn chiic ndng(^); thie hai, quyen cdng td vl thyc
(8) Xem, PGS.TS Hodng T. Minh Son, Tldd.
(9) Xem, PGS.TS Tran Van Dg "Mgt so vdn di vi quyin cong to", Ky yeu hgi Ihdo khoa hgc "Cac chiic nang ciia t6 tyng hinh su trong bfii canh cai cdch tu phdp d Vi^ Nam hi?n nay", Hgc vifn khoa hgc xa hgi, 28/11/2015.
chdt Id quydn ciia Nbd nudc nhdm tmy ciiu ttdch nhifm hinh sy hoac khfing tmy ciiu ttach nhifm hinh sy dfii vdi ngudi bi bupc ipi (neu chi ihgc hien viec imy ciiu frach nhifm hinh sy thi se khdng thi hien dii cac nfi dung cua quyln cdng id va se ddng nhdt quyen cdng td vdi vifc budc idi); thu ba, quyln cdng to chi xudt hien trong liiih vyc td tyng hinh sy vi chi cd ttong ITnh vyc to tyng hinh sg mdi gidi quylt vdn dl tmy Cliu hay khdng ttuy ciiu ttdch nhifm hinh sy cua ngudi thgc hifn hanh vi pham igi.
C^ygn cdng td se bat dau khi tdi phgm xdy ra (nghTa Id khi cd ddi tugng tdc dfng cua quydn cdng td) vd se ket ihuc khi bdn dn hogc quyet dinh cua Tda an cd hifu lgc phdp ludt hogc khi ed can cir khde (vi dy:
Vifn kiem sdt nit quygt dinh tray td, ra quydt dinh dinh chi vy an; khi dd, vdn de tmy ciiu hay khdng tmy cira trdch nhifm hinh su ngudi pham tdi da dugc gidi quyet dirt diem nen quyen cdng td da ehdm dirt tgi ddy).
Vi vdy, tdc gia cho rang: Quyen cong td Id quyen cua Nhd nudc trao cho Viin kiim sdt nhdm truy ciru trdch nhiem hinh si^e hogc khdng truy citu trdch nhipm hinh su cda ngu&i thuc hien hdnh vi nguy hiim cho xd hpi, bdt ddu tir khi tpi phgm dugc thi/ec hipn vd kit thitc khi cd bdn dn/quyet dinh cua Toa dn cd hiiu luc phdp lugt hogc khi cd cdn cie khdc.
Khi dugc Nhd nudc ttao quygn cdng td, Vifn kilm sat se cd chiic ndng thuc hdnh quyen cdng t6 va khi do se thyc hifn cdc hdnh vi to tyng can thigt de truy ciiu hogc khdng tmy cuu ttach nhifm hinh su ciia ngudi phgm igi, nhung muon thyc hifn dugc quyln dd hay khdng thi edn phu Tap chi
421 KIEMSAT_ / S o 17 (thang 9/2016)
MGHlfiN C60 • TRAO D6I thugc vdo vide khi ndo thi Vifn kiem sat
phat hifn ra tpi pham. Nfii each khdc, quyln cdng tfi ludn luon "tteo ttdn diu"
ddi vdi tat cd nhung ngudi da thgc hifn hanh vi pham ifii nhung chua bi phat hifn(io), vd khi bi phdi bifn ihi ciing la liic Vifn kiem sdi bdt ddu ihyc hdnh quyen cfing ifi. Do vdy, thirc hdnh quyen cong td la viee Vien kiem sdt thuc hipn cdc hdnh vi td tgng cdn thiit theo quy dfnh cua phdp lugt td tung hinh sir nhdm truy cieu hogc khdng truy deu trdch nhiem hinh ste cda ngu&i bi bupc tpi, bdt ddu tit khi Viin kiim sdt phdt hiin ra tpi phgm vd ket thuc khi bdn dn/quyet dinh cua Tda dn cd hiiu lyc phdp lugt hogc khi cd cdn cit khdc.
Dya tten cdc khdi nifm ndy cd ihd chiing minh rang, phgm vi quyen cfing td rdng ban so vdi phara vi ihgc hdnh quydn cdng idOO, vd phgm vi thyc hanh quyen cdng td thi khdng ddng nhdt vcri phgm vi budc tgi. Bdi vi, khi phdt hifn thdy ddu hifu tgi pham ihi se bat dau thyc hdnh quydn cfing td, nhung vdo thdi didm phat hifn ddu hieu tfii pham chua chac da phdt hifn ngudi tiiuc hifn hdnh vi phgm tfi (ngudi bi budc tdi) ndn chua cd chiic nang budc tdi. Mat khdc, ttong mdt sd tmdng hgp, chiic nang budc tdi cd thd ihyc hifn sdm ban chuc ndng thyc hdnh quyen cdng id (nhu ttong trudng hgp ngudi bi bat, ngudi bi tgm giii, du chua cfi quyet dinh khdi td vu dn hinh sy nhung da ed ddi
(10) Xem, TS. Le Hihi Thg (chii biSn); TS, Do Vdn Duong; CN. Nfing Xiidn Trudng, "Thuc hdnh quyen cong to vd kiim sdt cdc hogt dgng tuphdp trong giai dogn dieu tra", Nha xudt bdn Tu phdp. Ha Noi (2005), tr.59.
(11) Xem, TS. Le Him The (chii bien), TS Do Vdn Duong; CN. Nong Xuan Trudng, Tldd,
tugng bi budc tdi, ndn chirc ndng bugc tpi da xuat hifn).
Tu nhung phdn tich d fren, cd the dua ra mpt vai tigu chi dg phan biet chiic ndng thgc hdnh quyen cdng ifi voi chirc ndng bupc tpi nhu sau:
Ve chu the- Chirc ndng thgc hdnh quydn cfing td va chiic ndng bupc tfi deu cd chu the Id Vifn kiem sdt.
Npi dung: Chiic nang thuc hanh quyen cdng tfi Id tmy euu frdch nhiem hinh su hode khdng truy ciiu trdch nhifm hinh sg;
cdn chiic ndng budc tfi la tmy ciiu trdeh nhifm hinh sy.
Phgm vi khdng gian: Trong td tt^ng hinh sy.
Phgm vi th&i gian: Chiic nang thye hdnh quygn edng td bat ddu khi phdi hifn tdi phgm va ket thiic khi b ^ dn/quygt dinh cua Tda an da cd hieu luc phdp lugt hogc khi cd cdn cii khac. Cdn ehiic nang bupc tdi bat ddu khi cd ngudi bi huge tdi va ket thiic khi cd ban dn/quyet dinh ciia Tda dn da cd hifu luc phdp lugt.
Trong moi quan hf ndy, chiic ndng bupc tfii chi Id mfii phdn thd hifn ro net nhdi chiic nang thuc hdnh quyen cdng td, bdi vi, khi thuc hdnh quydn cdng td, Vifn kiem sdi khdng chi nhdm myc dich tmy cim frdch nhifm hinh su (budc tfi) md cdn cd the ra cde quyet dinh khdc nhu nit quyet dinh tmy td, dinh chi vu an, de nghi Tda dn tuyen vd tfii. Trong khi do, bude tdi thi chi nhdm muc dich tmy eiiu frdch nhifm hinh sg doi vdi ngudi phgm tdi ma thdi. Nfii cdch khdc, frong khi thyc hien ehiic ndng thgc hanh quygn cdng td ma Nhd nudc giao cho, Vifn kiem sdi cd quydn dp dyng cdc quy dinh cua phap ludt td tung hinh sy
Sd17(thai99^6)\
Tap chi -KIEMSAT 143
Chdo mitng K^ niim 71 ndm Cdch mgng thdng Tdm vd Qu6c khdnh 2/9 de budc idi mpi ngudi (tmy cuu frdch
nhidm hinh sy), ngugc lgi, dd thyc hifn chirc nang budc tfi cua ifi tyng hinh sg thi Vien kigm sdt phdi dupe ttao quygn thgc hdnh quydn cfing td. Do do, ttong quydn cfing to cd npi dung bupc tpi, vd bupc tpi chi la rapt phdn cua chiic nang thuc hanh quydn cfing tfi.
3. Moi quan hf giua ch^rc nang buoc tdi va chirc nang thyc hdnh quyen cdng t6 theo quy djnh cua Bf Inat T 6 tung hinh sy Vift Nam
Qua phdn tich cdc khdi nifm, cd thg thdy gilia chirc ndng budc tdi va chiic nang thuc hdnh quygn cdng tfi cd mfii quan hf khang khii vdi nhau, khdng thd idch rdi.
Dieu nay ciing dugc the hifn ro net ttong quy dinh ciia Bf ludt T 6 tyng hinh su (BLTTHS) nam 2003, cy till: Khodn 1 Dilu 23 BLTTHS nam 2003 quy dinh
"Fien kiim sdt thiec hdnh quyen cdng td trong td tung hinh sir, quyit dinh viic truy td ngirdi phgm tpi ra Tda'\ Theo quy dinh ndy, chi cd Vifn kidm sdt mdi id co quan dugc Nha nudc ttao quydn thye hanh quygn cdng ifi, vd khi thgc hdnh quydn cfing tfi thi Vifn kiem sdt ed quyln tmy td (bugc tgi) ngudi pham tdi ra tmdc tda. Vi vdy, ttong qud trinh thyc hifn chirc nang cdng td, phap lugt giao cho Vifn kilm sdt true tigp thgc hifn vifc bugc tdi ngudi ihuc bien hdnh vi pham tfi vd bdo ve sg bupc tdi do tgi phien tda.
Tuy nhidn, thgc tien td tyng edn bdc lfi nhung bdi cap nhu mfi sfi quy dinh ciia BLTTHS ndra 2003 da thi hifn vifc phdn dinh khfing ro rdng chiic nang xet xu cua Tda an vdi chirc ndng budc tdi, khdng chi CO Vien kilm sdi mdi thgc hien chiic nang
bupc tfi md ngay cd Tda dn ciing dugc giao thyc hifn chiic ndng nay. Chdng hgn khodn 1 Dilu 104 BLTTHS nam 2003 quy djnh rdng: "Hpi dong xet xu ra quyet dinh kh&i td hogc yiu cdu Vien kiem sdt kh&i td vu dn hinh sy neu qua vipc xet xu tgi phien tda md phdt hipn dugrc tpi phgm hogc ngu&i phgm tpi m&i cdn phdi dieu tra", md quylt
dinh khdi to vg dn hinh sg Id khdi ddu cho hoat dgng bupc tdi. Mai khdc, iheo quy dinh tgi Dilu 10 BLTTHS nam 2003 Xh\"Trdeh nhiim chung minh tpi phgm thupc vi cdc ca quan tiin hdnh to tung", nhu vgy, ihi vai ttd chirng minh ifii pham cua Co quan didu tta, Vfn kiem sdt vd Tda an la nhu nhau, va Tda an ciing thye hifn cd churc ndng budc tgi.
Ve nguyen ly, ben ndo ihyc hifn chiic nang budc tfi, ben do phai ed ttdch nhiem chirag minh, lap Iudn eho cdc ly le ciia viec budc tdi. Tuy nhign, tgi phien tda so thdm, phap ludt chuyen ttach nhiera chiing minh tgi phgra tir bgn bugc tgi (Vidn kidm sat) sang Tda an (Hgi ddng xet xir) thdng qua vifc quy djnh Hdi ddng xet xir Id ngudi hdi chinh, hdi ddu tidn va hdi vd todn bp cdc vdn dg cua vy an('2) -^^s. vdy, quy dinh ndy dd khdng tgo ca sd dg phat huy ttdch nhifm, tinh chu ddng, tich cue cua ben budc tfi frong vifc thuc hifn chiic nang td tyng ciia minhfi^).
Dilu 195 BLTTHS nam 2003 quy dinh
"Tgi phiin tda, sau khi xet hdi, Kiim sdt viin cd thi rut mpt phdn hay todn bp
(12) Xem, khodn 2 Dilu 207 BLTTHS nam 2003 (13) Xem, Ths. Nguyin Thi Thiiy, "Afd hinh to tung hinh Slf vd van di xdc dfnh quyin, nghta vu cda cdc chu thi trong to tung hinh si/'. Tap chi Kilm sat, so 9/2012, tr,48, 49.
Tap chi
KIEM SAT_ /So17(th^9^6)
IfCmfiN cita - TRAO D&
quyet dfnh truy td hogc kit ludn ve tpi nhe han, nhung Hpi dong xet xie vdn phdi xet xtt todn bp vu dn" Id khfing ddm bao vifc xde dinh chinh xdc phgm vi thuc hifn chiic ndng bugc tfi vdi chiic ndng xet xii.
Ngodi ra, quy dinh ve gicri hgn xet xir ciia Tda an cung the hifn ro vifc Tda an khdng chi xet xii theo nhirng gi ma Vien kiem sat tmy td, md frong raft so ttudng hgp cfi the "xet xit bi cdo theo khodn khdc vdi khodn md Viin kiem sdt da truy td trong cung mpt dieu lugt hogc vi mpt tpi khdc bdng hope nhe han tpi md Vipn kiim sdt da truy td". Ngay cd quy dinh ve vifc Tda an cd ihd ttd hd so didu ira bfi sung cho Vifn kidm sdtt^'*) ciing the hifn rS vifc Tda an khdng chi xet xir phg thudc vdo ndi dung huge tpi cua Vifn kigm sat.
O gdc dp ndo dd, nhihig quy dinh ndy da dg cao vai ttd cua xet xii, ldm hgn chl vai ttd Clia chiic nang budc tgi, khfing the hifn dupe quan hf chat che giua chiic nang bupc tdi vdi churc ndng thyc hanh quydn cfing td ttong vifc ihuc hien mye dich ttuy Cliu frdch nhiera hinh sy ngudi thgc hifn hdnh vi pham tdi.
Dd ddm bdo chiic ndng budc tdi chi xuat hifn ttong mdi quan hf vdi chiic nang thuc hanh quyen cdng td, tde gid dl xuat nhung vdn dg neu fren can phdi siia ddi theo cde hudng nhu sau: (I) Loai bd thdra quyen khdi td vy dn hinh sy cua Tda dn; (2) quy dinh Tda an ehi ed chiic nang xet xir, khdng cd ttach nhifm chiing minh tfi pham; (3) tgi phien ida thi trinh tg xet hdi phdi dugc tbuc hien theo thir ty: Kilm sdt
(14) Xem: DiSu 179, khoan 2 Dieu 199 BLTTHS nam 2003
vien hdi tmdc, sau dd ddn ngudi bao chua, cudi cung mdi den Hgi dong xet xii hdi neu thdy cdn nhung van de can Idm ro them; (4) vdn dl vd thira quyln tilp tuc xet xir khi Vifn kiem sdt da nit quylt dinh ttuy io hay van de gidi ban xet xu ciia Tda an can duge thyc hifn theo nguyen tdc bugc idi ddn ddu thi xet xir din do; (5) vin de ttd hd so didu tra bd sung ciia Tda an can dugc xda bd dd dam bao trdch nhifm chirng minh ldi cua ngudi bi bufc tdi ciia Vifn kidm sat ciing nhu frd Tda an vl vdi diing chiic ndng ciia nd Id ca quan xet xu, khdng phdi co quan budc tpi. Tuy BLTTHS nam 2015 hdu nhu vdn giii nguyen md khfing Ioai bd cae quy dinh neu ttdn cua BLTTHS nam 2003, nhung mdt sd quy dinh ttong BLTTHS nam 2015 da the hifn sy hai hda giua cdc chirc ndng id igng. Vi dy, quy dinh vd vifc Hdi ddng xet xir se hdi tmdc, nhung sau dd se dieu hanh vifc hdi, quydt dinh ngudi hdi tmdc, hdi sau theo thii tg hgp ly (Didu 307), tao digu kifn cbu ddng cho Kiem sdt vien, ngudi bdo ehua vd ngudi bdo vf quydn lgi cua duong sy thgc hifn vifc hdi dg ldm sang td cdc tinh tidi cua vy an, bao ddra su binh dang giiia bgn huge ifii va ben bdo chua ttong qud trinh chiing rainh tgi phgm; bdo ddm dl Tda dn tbuc sy la hifn thdn ciia cdng ly, cua sg khdch quan, vd tu ttong qua trinh xdc dinh sg that vy an. Chinh vi the, mac du vg mat ly ludn ed thg cdn idn tai nhilu didm khdng hgp ly ttong cde quy dinh eiia phdp ludi nhung ttdn thyc te, qua trinh giai quylt vy an hinh su cua chiing ta van dam bdo dugc ydu ciu xac dinh sy that vu dn theo ba tieu chi khach quan, todn difn va ddy du.*
> Tgp chi Sol7(thaiig»2016)V_KIEMSAT 145