D A Y H O C D O A N T R I C H " H f i N T R U D N G B A , D A H A N G T H I T "
C U A L U U Q U A N G V U ( N G U V A N 1 2 ) T H E O D A C T R U N G T H E L O A I
O ThS. NGUYEN THANH LAM*
C
hudn kien Hide, kT nang Ngu van lap 12 do Bo GD-DT xdc djnh, khi day trich doan kich«H6n Truang Ba, da hang thjt" cua Luu Quang Vu cdn dam bdo nhung yeu cdu sau:
- Hieu duqc bi kjch cua Truang Ba khi tdm hon thanh cao phdi nap trong xdc anh hang thjt tho thien vd If gidi mong udc duqc gidi thodt cua nhdn vdt nay; y nghTa phe phdn, chieu sdu tu tudng nhdn van cua vd kjch. Tu dd hoc sinh (HS) duqc boi dudng y thuc ve le song: sy ty trong, chan thyc...; - Thdy duqc nhung ddc sac cua nghe thudt kich Luu Quang Vu khi sang tao cot truyen ddn gian qua mdt doan trich cy the: nghe thudt su dyng ngdn ngu, dyng canh, dyng ddi thoqi, ddc thoqi ndi tdm vd mieu td hanh ddng nhdn vdt. Qua dd, bdi dudng tinh yeu vdi tdc phdm van hoc chan chinh; - HS biet doc - hieu kich bdn van hoc theo ddc trung the loai.
Mdt sd GV khi day «H6n Truang Ba, da hang thit" viec bam sat ddc trung the loai chua rd, do dd HS khong duqc trang bi ve phuang phap de cd the biet doc - hieu nhung tdc phdm tuong ty ve the loai. Vdi myc dich ndng cao chdt lugng day hgc ndi chung, day kich bdn van hgc d THPT ndi rieng, bdi viet de xudt mdt hudng day hgc trich doan ndi tren theo ddc trung the logi.
1. Nhung dieu trgng tdm cdn trang bi cho HS 1) Kien thuc chung ve the logi kich va trich dogn kich trong SGK
Net dgc trung cua the logi kjch Id phdn dnh cudc song bang viec khdm phd, phdt hien nhung mau thuan, xung dot trong ddi song thyc tgi rdi dien dgt bdng hanh ddng vd ngdn ngu ddi thogi giua cdc nhdn vdt.
Trich dogn kich trong SGK Id nhung xung dot tu ben trong con ngudi qua cudc ddi thogi cd tinh gid tudng giua linh hon vd the xdc nhdm hudng tdi mdt van de mang chieu sdu triet hgc:
nhung bi kjch nay sinh tu sy ton tgi day nghjch li, trdi ty nhien khien cdi dung tyc cd ca hdi ngu trj,
ldn at vd ddng hod nhung gi vdn thanh cao, tot dep; cd vu cho cudc ddu tranh bdo ve nhung phdm tinh cao quy cua con ngudi nhdm hudng tdi khdt vgng song trong sgch, hdi hod giua the xdc vd tdm hon, vdt chdt vd tinh than vd hoan thien nhdn each.
Hai hinh tugng hon Truang Ba vd xdc hang thjt mang y nghTa an dy. Mdt ben dgi dien cho sy trong sgch, nhdn hdu vd khdt vgng song thanh cao, xung ddng vdi danh nghTa con ngudi, con mdt ben Id sy tdm thudng, dung tyc.
Gdn dgc hieu van bdn vdi cdc yeu tddgc trung cua phuang thuc ty sy dudi dgng bi kjch (xung dot cdng thdng trong sy viec, nhdn vdt trong bi kjch, ddi thogi vd ddc thogi cua nhdn vdt, ldi dan cua ngudi ke, ldi van gidu chdt tha cua Luu Quang Vu, cdc hanh ddng sdn khau... vdi nghe thuat bieu diin kjch ndi - vdi viec ddi chieu cot truyen ddn gian...).
2) Vi tri trich dogn kich. Dogn trich thuoc canh 7, canh cudi cua vd kjch, nghTa Id luc tinh hudng kjch (hon nay xdc ng) dd dugc day den muc cao nhdt. Vi, sau may thdng song nhd the xdc anh hang thjt, hon Truang Ba ngay cdng cam thdy xa Ig vdi ngudi than vd bgn be.
3) Cac lap kjch trong trich dogn kjch SGK.
3 lap kjch... (dugc tim hieu kT han d phdn sau).
2. Xac djnh ndi dung trgng tdm cac lap kjch trong trich dogn kjch
1) Lap 1: Cuoc doi thogi hon Truang Ba, da hang thjt - Xung dot bdn than
Ldi thogi trong kjch: Dogn trich cd 26 ldi thogi chia deu cho 2 nhdn vdt.
Gigng dieu kjch: Ldi xdc ddi, hung hon; ldi hon ngdn, yeu at, dau khd bdi rdi. Ldi thogi Id rd tinh each nhdn vdt, ngdn ngu gian dj sinh ddng, y nghTa sdu sac.
Tinh ddi thogi trong kjch: Cudc ddi thogi hon - xdc Id cudc ddi thogi mang nhieu an dy sdu sac
* Sd GD-BT Quang Ninh
Tap chi Giao due so 262 tk. %. 5/201 n
ve cuoc ddi. The xac co tieng noi rieng, ban than no khong co gi dang che trach, nhung khi no ldn at tam hon, xui tam hon lam nhung dieu xdng bay thi no dang che trach. Mot tam hon tinh tao la phai biet ddu tranh vugt len nhung doi hoi sai Idm cua the xdc.
Xung dot kich: Diin tien ngay cdng gay gat, cang thdng thong qua cdc cap ddi thoqi the hien ldi noi, hanh dong, thdi do cua 2 nhdn vdt Hon Truang Ba vd xdc hang thjt. Cy the: cap ddi thoqi 1, 2, 3; cap ddi thoai 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; cap ddi thoai 9, 10, l l " , 12.
Dien
bien Xung dot Y nghTa
Dien
bien Xac hang thit Hon Truang Ba The xac - tam hdn CfP doi thoai
1,2,3
- To ra ton trpng hon (qua xung ho)
- Khing djnh site manh cua xac thjt: sai khiin linh h6n
- Khinh bi - Chdi bo. Phu djnh manh me sire manh cua xac thit
- Mau thuin sau sic giua hdn va xac
Clip ddi thoai 4,5,6,7,8
- Lin at, gilu col - To ve die thing. Oira ra din chimg chimg minh cho sue manh cua minh (rat ro rang, thuyet phyc.)
- Bdi rdi, dudi li - Khang djnh s ire manh cua hon yeu 6t
- Neu linh hdn khong vOmg se chju su sai khien cua thi xac
- Trong ddi sdng, ddi khi cai dung tuc cd CO hpi lin at cai thanh cao C|p ddi thoai
9,10,11, 12
- Hung h6n
- Khang djnh: xac thjt cung can dupe quy trong, dupe quan tam, co nhung doi hoi chinh dang
- Ldi keo hon thoa hiep
- Khong thoa hiep song cung khong chirng minh duoc - Bi ddn vao bi tic
- Con ngudi muon hoan thien ban than minh can quan tam ca linh hon va thi xac
Tinh triet li sau sac: Ldm the ndo de bdo ve nhdn each, hoan thien con ngudi. Triet li ke thu ldn nhdt cua ddi ngudi Id chinh minh. Day chinh Id hien tugng md rdng de tdi trong van hoc trong nhung nam 80 cua the ki XX, de cap den van de xd hdi: con ngudi cd xu hudng chi quan tdm den nhung ddi hdi vdt chdt, chqy theo cdi lgi.
Bdng mot tinh huong dgc dao, lap kich dgt ra vdn de cd y nghia nhdn sinh to ldn: khdt vgng hoan thien con ngudi vd hoan thien cudc sdng. Cudc sdng cua con ngudi chi thyc sy cd y nghia khi dugc quan tdm cd ve the xdc vd tdm hon, vdt chdt vd tinh than mdt each hdi hod. Chinh vi vdy, con ngudi phdi khong ngung ddu tranh vdi nghjch canh vd vdi chinh minh, chien thdng nhung dye vgng tdm thudng, bdo ve nhung phdm chdt cao quy.
2) Lap 2: Hon Truang Ba trong cdc cudc ddi thogi vdi mgi ngudi trong gia dinh - Xung dot vdi nhung ngudi xung quanh
- Xung dot kich: Tdc gid dyng len xung dot giua hdn Truang Ba vdi nhung ngudi than khi
dng mang xdc hang thjt. Viec chgn nhieu nhdn vdt khdc nhau nhdm tgo nen cdi nhin da chieu ve nhdn vdt, thyc chdt Id sy nhdn thuc ve bdn than minh mdt each nghiem khdc md chi tinh nhdt.
+ Khi Truang Ba sdng lgi trong xdc hang thit trd ve nhd mdt thdi gian thi tdm tinh ddi khdc vd gay ra bao dieu phien todi: tha a vdi ndi niem cua ngudi khdc; vung ve, thd lo, Idm dd vd, Idm hong nhung dieu dep de; ve hien hdu tdt lanh khong cdn nua.
+ Thdi dd hon Truang Ba: hon Truang Ba luc ddu cdn bien minh, sau cdng luc cdng dau ddn that vgng ve minh. Hon Truang Ba hieu nhung gi minh dd, dang vd se Idm cho ngudi than Id rdt te hgi mdc du khong he muon, nen vd cung dau ddn, be tdc. Hon Truang Ba cdng luc cdng nhdn thuc rd ve minh, nhung sy that khong d i chju.
- Tinh hudng kich day Truang Ba vdo tinh trgng dau khd, be tdc, dinh diem cua nhdn thuc ve minh Id hanh ddng thdp huang de ggi De Thich.
3) Lap 3: Hon Truang Ba trong cudc ddi thogi vdi De Thich - Tdc nhdn
Bgc Id tinh chdt bi kich: De Thich khuyen Truang Ba chdp nhdn cudc sdng hien tgi vi the gidi vdn khong todn ven. Y thuc rd bi kjch cua minh, Truang Ba khong chdp nhdn cdi canh sdng ben trong mdt ddng, ben ngodi mdt neo, muon dugc Id minh «todn ven". De Thich djnh cho hdn Truang Ba nhdp vdo xdc cu Tj deddnh cdvdi minh, nhung Truang Ba cuang quyet tu chdi, khong chdp nhdn cdi canh sdng gid tao md theo dng chi cd lgi cho dam chuc sac, khong chdp nhdn canh sdng theo dng cdn «khd han Id cdi chet".
Thdng diep cudc sdng: Qua sy lua chgn cudi cung cua Truang Ba, tdc gid gui gam buc thdng diep: hay sdng chan that vdi chinh con ngudi cua minh, sdng vi mgi ngudi, vi sy tdt dep cua con ngudi.
Tinh triet li: Vdn de quyet dinh khong phdi Id sdng md Id sdng nhu the ndo. Con ngudi Id mdt the thdng nhdt, hon xdc phdi hdi hod ddng thudn.
Du khiem khuyet ve tinh than hay the xdc cung Id cudc sdng khong trgn ven, bdt binh thudng. Sdng thieu chan thyc vdi minh Id cudc sdng vd nghTa, bdt hgnh.
Sy tu chdi ciia Hon Truang Ba Id nhung trdi nghiem dau xdt cua dogn ddi hon nay, xdc ng.
Tap chi Giao due so 2 6 2 (ki a • 5/201 p
Xin De Thich cho cu Ti sdng la hanh dong nhat quan vdi bdn chdt ciia nhdn vdt: con ngudi tu trong, sdng sudt, nhdn hdu vd y thuc ve y nghTa cudc sdng. Chi tiet cu Tj chet cd y nghTa day nhanh dien bien kjch di den cho md nut. Hon Truang Ba budc phdi quyet djnh nhanh chong, dut khodt.
4) Ket: Nhan vat Truang Ba a dogn ket - Giai thodt
Chdt tha trong kich: doan ket cd hdu, chdt tha sdu Idng bdi nhung hinh dnh sdng ddng, gdn gui, than thuang cua sy sdng. Hdn Truang Ba tu khi quyet trd lai xdc cho hang thjt thi van sdng giua mdu xanh cay vudn, giua tdm tudng cua ngudi than trong gia dinh «trong nhung dieu tdt lanh ciia cudc ddi".
Tinh triet li trong kich: con ngudi ta neu biet tu bd ldi sdng gid tao, neu biet hi sinh bdn than dem lai cudc sdng cho ngudi khdc thi linh hdn se bdt tu. Sy bdt hi cua con ngudi ndm trong y nghTa sy sdng vd sy hod than vdo cudc sdng xung quanh ta chu khong phdi d dd ddi thdi gian. Hay sdng trong sy hod tfidn vdo nhung dieu tdt dep. Dd cung Id thdng diep ve sy chien thdng cua cdi thien, cdi dep vd cua sy sdng dich thyc.
Sue hdp ddn cua kich Luu Quang Vu: sy ket hqp hdi hod giua tinh phe phdn manh me, quyet liet vd chdt tha sdu Idng, bay bdng.
Mot so bien phap nang cao...
(Tiep theo trang 35) 3) Ve phia nhd trudng
DT theo HCTC Id mdt hinh thuc DT mdi duqc dp dyng d Trudng DHSP - DH Thdi Nguyen; do dd cd GV vd SV cdn gap rdt nhieu khd khan, lung tung trong day vd hoc. Vi vdy, nhd trudng cdn cd sy thdng nhdt vdi ddi ngu GV, cdc khoa, tdbd mdn, Doan thanh nien... de tdchuc, hudng dan SV ndm vung vd van dyng phu hqp cdc phuang phap hoc tap theo HCTC.
De thich ung vdi phuang thuc DT mdi, SV cdn chu ddng, tich eye tham gia ty hoc. Muon vdy, nhd trudng cdn tang cudng md cdc phong ty hoc vdo budi tdi de SV cd ca hdi hoc tap vd nghien cuu. Hien nay cd rdt nhieu tdi lieu mdi bien soan phyc vy mdn TLH, nhd trudng nen cap nhdt d thu vien de SV cd tdi lieu tham khao. Dong thdi, cdn tang cudng ddu tu cdc trang thiet bi day hoc mdi, hien dqi, dong bd de GV vd SV cd dieu kien hoc tap vd nghien cuu. Trudng DHSP - DH Thdi Nguyen
3. Tinh triet li bao trum thdng qua trich dogn kich
Cudc ddu tranh giua linh hon vdi the xdc de bdo ve nhung phdm tinh cao quy vd khdt vgng hoan thien nhdn each de cd cudc sdng thyc sy y nghTa, xung ddng vdi con ngudi. Qua trich dogn kjch, Luu Quang Vu muon gui tdi ngudi dgc thdng diep: dugc sdng Idm ngudi quy gid that, nhung dugc sdng diing Id minh, sdng trgn ven nhung gid tri minh vdn cd vd theo dugc nhung gid trj ad cdn quy gid han. Sy sdng chi thyc sy cd y nghTa khi con ngudi ludn ludn biet ddu tranh vdi nhung nghjch canh, vdi chinh bdn than, chong lgi sy dung tyc, de hoan thien nhdn each.
Hi vgng rdng nhung de xudt neu tren se giup GV quan tdm den viec giang day tdc phdm kjen theo ddc trung the logi, trang bj phuong phap dgc - hieu kieu van bdn kjch vd phdt huy dugc hung thu hgc van cua HS trong cdc nhd trudng phd thdng.Q Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguyen Viet Chu. Phuong phap day hoc tac pham van hoc theo loai the. NXB Gido due, H. 2000.
2. Tran Thanh Dam. Van de giang day tac pham van hoc theo loai the. NXB Gido due, H. 1978.
3. Tao Mat. "Y kien tan man sau khi xem vd H6n Truong Ba, da hang thit". Tap chi Sdn khdu, 1998.
4. Phan Trong Thudng. "Doc va xem Hon Truong Ba, da hang thit". Tap chi Sdn khdu, 1989.
Id cdi ndi DT GV cho cdc tinh mien nui phia Bde, vi the sd lugng SV Id con em ddn tdc thieu sd sdng trong ki hie xd chiem da sd. Do dd, de quan li vd tao thdi quen ty hgc d nhd cho SV mdt each co hieu qua, ban quan li ki tuc xd cdn quy djnh khung gid ty hgc budi tdi mdt each chat che.
Tdm lgi, de ndng cao chdt lugng hgc tap mdn TLH cho SV cdn cd sy phdi hgp giua nhd trudng, ban chii nhiem cdc khoa, GV true tiep giang day mdn TLH vd SV; trong dd, vai trd quan trgng nhdt van thudc ve SV. Nhdn thiic, thdi dd vd hanh ddng hgc tap ciia SV quyet djnh chdt lugng vd hieu qua hgc tap ciia bdn than mdi ngudi. • Tai lieu tham khao
1. DSng Thj Lan. Muc dp thich ung vdi hoat ddng hoc mdt sd mdn hoc chung vd mdn doc hieu tieng nude ngoai ciia sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc ngoai ngu - Dai hoc qudc gia Hd Ndi. Luan an tien si Tam li hoc, Ha Noi, 2009.
2. B6 GD-DT. Quy che ddo tao dai hoc vd cao ddng he chinh quy theo he thdng tin chi. Ha N6i, 2007.
3. Quan Thj Li (chu bien). De cuong bai giang Tam li hoc. Thai Nguyen, 2008.
Tap chi Giao due so 262 p. 2.5/201ij
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