TrSn Thj TSm Minh
Mpt SO nghien cufu ve ufng dung cong nghe thong tin trong td chufc hoat dpng giao due cho tre mam non
TrSn Thj Tam Minh TrilOng Oai hoc SSi G6n 273 An Di/dng VUdng, Ptiildng 3, Qian 5, Thanti pho Ho Chi Miih, Vi^t Nam Email [email protected]
TOM TAT: Bii viet tong hdp nhdng kmh nghiem cd lien quan den viec dng dgng cong nghe thdng tin trong to chdc hoai ddng giao due cho tre mam non td nhdng nghien edu eua cac tac gii d mgt sd qudc gia tren the gidi. Tren cO sd dd, kit hop vdi thuc tien giao due mam non tai Viet Nam, bai bao de xuat mdt so bidn phip dng dung edng nghe thong tin trong thiit ki va triin khai eae hoat dgng giao due nhim phat huy Uu the cda cdng nghe thdng tin, gdp phan giup tre phat triin toan dien, dong thdi dam bao cd hgi tiep can cong nghe hien dai cho tri trong ki nguyen so nay.
lii KHOA: Nghien cdu; ijhg dung cong nghe thong tin; to chile; hoat dong giao due; t r i mam non.
- » Nhan m 14/4/2020 4 Nhan bai aa chinh siJa 24/4/2020 =» Duyet dang 15/5/2020
1 . Dat van d e
Viec ling dung cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) ttong td chirc boat dgng giao due (GD) ddi vdi tre man giao 3 - 6 tuoi se dem lai rat nhieu tac dgng tich eye nhu: thiie day phat trien nhan thuc, phat trien ngdn ngu, nudi dudng cam xuc, tang tuong tac xa hgi... Nhung de dat duge nhftng hieu qua nay, nha GD can td chirc diing phuong phap su pham, phu hgp vdi dac diem tam li ciia tre va dam bao eae ygu cau vat li trong bd tri ldp hgc (khoang each tu man hinh tdi vi tri ciia tre, kieh thudc man hinh, do sang cita man hinh, thdi gian truy cap may tinh, tan suat sii dung). Ngu khdng dam bao ve phuong phap, nguygn tac ling dung CNTT ttong boat ddng GD tte, nhirng nguy ca vg ehiing beo phi, su thu ddng ttong tu duy, eham ndi hoae eae rdi loan ve van ddng hay nhimg tdn thuang vS tam sinh li cho tte do tigp xiie vdi may tinh va cac thiet hi cong nghe khac hoan toan cd the xay ra (Judy Van Scoter, 2001, tr.ll). Tuy nhign, ttong thyc tign, viec iing dung CNTT trong td chiie hoat ddng GD eho tte mam non (MN) ciia nhieu giao vien (GV) MN van cdn gap mgt sd han chg nhat dinh, mdt trong cae nguyen nhan anh hudng chinh dd la thieu nhiing thdng tin, hinh mau ve each thiic td chirc hoat ddng cd iing dung CNTT cung nhu chua nhan thiic ro tam quan ttpng cua viec img dyng CNTT ddi vdi sy phat trien cua tte. Tu do, dan den viec GV chua tich eye trong viec thiet ke cac hoat ddng day hge cd ting dung CNTT hole co iing dung nhung khSu thiet kg, td chiic lai khdng phu hgp. Chinh vi vay, viec tim hieu va hge hdi nhung kinh nghiem tu cac nudc tten the gidi de tim ra nhftng bien phap mdi v6 ting dyng CNTT ttong td chiic boat ddng GD cho tte la can thiet.
2. Np] d u n g n g h i e n cufu 2.1. Khai niem va cdsd liluan
Theo tai lieu cua Unesco (2003, tr.22) va Luat CNTT cua Qudc hgi nudc Cdng hoa Xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam nam 2006 thi CNTT la thuat ngft chi cac thiet bi dien hi dac biet la may tinh va eae san pham iing dung cua may tinh nhu co sd dii lieu dien tu, phan mem may tinh, cae thiet bi ngoai vi... cho phep chiing ta khai thae va su dung ed hieu qua ngudn tai nguyen thdng tin.
Theo Tu dien tieng Viet, iing dung dugc dinh nghTa la dem li thuyet diing vao ttong thyc tien (Hoang Phe, 2006, tr.l090). Theo Han Viet ttr dien, iing dung nghTa la dem ra diing thyc sy (Dao Duy Anh, 2010).
Kgt hgp vdi khai niem CNTT d trgn, cd the hieu khai niem img dung CNTT la viec GV su dung cac thiet b;
dien tli, dac bigt la may tinh (phan ciing) va cae chuong trinh may tinh (phan mem) vao td chire qua trinh tac dgng su pham dg khai thae va sii dung cd hieu qua ngudn tai nguyen thdng tin nham thuc hien myc tieu va nhiem vu GD tre MN. Ndi each khac, iing dyng CNTT ttong td chue boat ddng GD cho tre MN la viec GV sii dung may tinh, phan mem, cac thiet bi dien tu nhu may anh, may ghi am, dien thoai... de tim kiem thdng tin phue vu hoat ddng chuyen mdn, lap ke hoach eham sde, GD tte, thiet kg va td chlie cae boat ddng GD cd sir dung thigt bj n6u tten dg thye hien muc tieu va nhiem vy GD tre MN.
Ung dung CNTT vao td chuc hoat dgng GD cd hai xu hudng chinh: CNTT la mdt ndi dung hgc va CNTT la phuong tien day hgc (Dd Manh Cudng, 2008), Nguyen Van Hien (2012), (Garry R.Morrison, Deborah L.Lowther, 2005). Bai bao nay tigp can theo xu budng xem CNTT la phuong tien day hgc trong qua trinh td chiic hoat dgng GD eho tre MN. Vdi hudng tigp can nay, cac hinh thiic iing dung CNTT ttong td chiic boat ddng GD bao gdm; Sir dung may tinh de lap ke hoach hgc tap, vui choi, lao ddng, ll hdi... cho tte MN; Sir dung
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eae phan mgm may tirih va cac thiet bi dien tu khac thilt ke hoat dgng GD nhu tro choi, bai day dien tic; Sii dung may tinh va nhieu thiet bi dien tu khac ttong qua trinh ttien khai cac hoat dgng GD cho tte tai trudng MN.
De viee img dung CNTT vao boat dgng GD dat hieu qua, GV can nhan thiic diing ve vai ttd, uu digm va ban che cua viee iing dung CNTT de san sang dua CNTT vao boat ddng chuygn mdn cua minh, ddng thdi iing dung phii hgp dg phat huy the manh va khac phye han cbe cua nd. Tiep dd, GV can nam bat cac nguyen tac, luu y rigng khi td chftc hoat ddng GD cd ung dung CNTT de tien hanh diing phuong phap va dat bigu qua cao Cudi cimg, GV can cd nhieu y tudng ve nhung hinh thuc thiet kg va trien khai boat ddng. Tuy nhign, eae budi tap huan thudng tap trung hudng dan ki thuat thigt ke, sft dung phan mem nhung it de cap dgn y tudng thiet ke eiing nhu each thuc td chftc boat ddng vdi CNTT. Do dd, viec tira hieu kinh nghiem iing dyng CNTT trong td chuc boat ddng GD MN se tiep can theo ba hudng vua ngu: Vai ttd, uu - khuyet diem cua CNTT ttong td chicc boat ddng GD cho tte, nguygn tac thuc hien, y tudng thiet ke va td chicc boat dgng GD ed iing dung CNTT.
2.2. Mot SO nghien cilu tren the gidi
* Ve vai tro, uu vd khuyet diem cua viec ung dung CNTT trong to chuc hogt ddng GD cho tri
Thdng qua nghign ciiu li luan va thyc tien, I.
SirajBlatcbford va J. Suaj Blatchford (nudc Anh, 2000) da cho thay vai ttd cua CNTT doi vdi sy phat trien cua tte MN, eu thg la CNTT dem lai the gidi ao vdi nhieu mdi trudng va su vat hien tugng phong phu ma trudng hgc hoae gia dinh khdng the cd, tu do tte cd eo hgi phat trien nhan thue tdt hem nhd tieh Iuy dugc nhieu bigu tugng mdt each nhe nhang. Ngoai ra, CNTT cdn gdp phin thiic day phat ttign ttt duy trim tugng, ki nang giai quyet van dg, ngdn ngu va hgp tae. I. Siraj Blatchford va J. Suaj Blatchford da chi ra dg dat dugc nhiing loi ieh tren, GV va eha me tre phai cd su can nhie, lya chgn phan mem hgp li, giam sat nhung vin cho tte ty do boat dpng trong gidl han cho phep.
Ben canh dd, can dam bao sy phdi hgp vdi cac boat ddng khae nhu van ddng, am nhae, tuong tac vdi mdi ttudng..., khdng tap trung hoan toan vao boat ddng vdi may tinh. Nghien euu cung ggi y rang, cac ttd choi mo phdng hay ddng vai theo nhan vat tten man anh la mdt ttong nhftng hinh thuc td chuc ho^t dpng co iing dyng CNTT hieu qua va thu vi vdi tre, can dugc uu tien trign khai.
Nam 2010, Ivan Kalas (Dai hgc Comenius, Cgng hda Slovakia) ciing eae cdng sy da nghien ciiu nhigu khia canh lien quan dgn ftng dyng CNTT ttong GD MN nhu vai ttd, y nghia cua CNTT ddi vdi sy phat ttign cua tte em binh thudng va tre em cd nhu c k dac biet, each thuc
ling dung CNTT dg phat huy hieu qua GD, ngan ngira eae nguy ca tac ddng d6n tinh than ian the chat, yeu cau ma GV MN va ca phu huynh ckn phai cd khi td chftc cac boat ddng GD thdng qua may tinh hoae cae thiet bi dien tu vdi tte. Bao eao tdng kgt chi rd vai ttd eua CNTT ttong GD tte 3-7 tudi, ddng thdi cung neu ra nhftng ygu cku de CNTT cd the phat huy vai ttd ddi vdi hoat ddng GD tte MN nhu ket hgp ttd choi van ddng, cd su kiem soat va tham gia eua phu hujmh, khdng tao nhiing cam xue tieu cyc, ttanh bao lye va rap khuon, iing dung CNTT ttong GD MN khdng ehi chu ttgng vao ttd chai dien tu ma con cd phan mem day hgc ket hgp vdi cac fhiet bi ghi am, ghi hmh ttong boat dgng kham pha khoa hgc va mdi trudng xung quanh...
* Nguyen tdc khi td chiic hogt ddng GD cd img dung CNTT
Mgt nghien eftu ciia Judy Van Scoter (Na Uy, 2001) da tdng kgt cac ket qua ciia nhieu nghien eftu trudc do dg ehung minh vige img dung CNTT ed tac ddng nhat dinh ddi vdi sy phat trien nhan thfte, ngdn ngft, tuong tac xa hdi, sang tao cua tte MN 3 - 6 tudi, ddng thdi bao cao ciing dua ra cac nguygn tic iing dung CNTT ttong td chuc boat ddng GD cho tte MN:
- Thdi gian tigp xue vdi man hinh (bao gdm ea tivi, may tinh, ttd ehai video) hgp li cho tte em 2-7 tudi nen dugc gidi ban tdi da tic ragt dgn hai gid mdi ngay.
- Hoat ddng the chat manh me va vui chai can dugc khuyen khich khi td chiie cac boat ddng vdi may tinh.
- May tinh ngn dat d gdc rgng rai ttong ldp hgc thay vi dat d phdng may vi se thu hut tte, tang tinh tucmg tac ban so vdi khi ngoi d phdng may (vi khi d phdng may, tte eo xu hudng boat ddng ca nhan nhigu hon). Khi bd tri may d ldp hge, ehi can bd tti 2-3 ghg ngdi, tte se hi6u minh nen hoae duoc quygn tham gia chung vdi cac ban khac.
Bd tri theo each nay mdi tang co hdi tuong tac cho tte.
- Trong luc hoat ddng, tte cd xu hudng ndi lai digu rainh dang lam va cd de ngudi khae bigu ngn kha nang ngdn ngft maeh lae se dugc trau ddi. Ngoai ra, cdng cu ngdn ngft tten may tinh giiip tte dg dang "vigt ra dugc digu mmh noi" dii khdng bigt vigt, digu nay vua thii vi, vica giiip tte tigp can vdi chii cai hieu qua hon. Ben canh dd, tre CO the nhap chft sai hoae ndi sai ma vin hoan toan cd the dieu chinh Iai nen giam di lo l4ng khi boat dgng.
- Khdng nen cho tte sft dung nhilu vdi pb§n mgm dang bai tap cd phan hoi dugc lap ttinh sin vi chung thudng theo mgt kieu, it lya chpn, giam ca hgi thu sai eho tre.
Cae phan mgm linh boat gifta can hdi hoae nhftng vdn de theo hudng ddng va md, hoae phan mlm eho tre duoc lya ehgn cac phuang an cua mmh va xem thay dign biin kgt qua dil chgn lya sai dugc khuyen khich vi gia tang sy hilu biet cho tre, hoat ddng cung ttd nen hap ddn va hdi hop hon.
- Phan mem hole ttd choi can dua ra pbuong an piai
P W _
TrSn Thi TSm Minhquygt vSn de tren ca sd nhiing dieu tte da bi8t va ket hgp vdi nhung dieu tte can biet them, cang gan gui vdi cude sdng cang tdt.
- YIU to sinh ddng, ngdn ngii Iinh boat va su Idi cudn kich thich ludn dugc uu tien vi phii hgp vdi dac digm tam sinh b ciia tte.
- May tinh nen chfta nhilu ftng dung de tre ttr do lya chgn theo hung thu, nhu cau cua minh.
- Cudi cung, viec sft dung may tinh can dam bao tinh binh ding, bic mgi tte dgu ed quygn truy cap nhu nhau, su dung may nbu nhau va ty do lya ehgn phan ragm.
* Vey tudng thiet ke vd Id chiec hoat dgng GD cd img dung CNTT
(3 "Dy an 100 ngay d trudng hgc" td ehue d New York, Hoa Ki, Chrystalla Mouza (2003) ciing cdng sy da gidi thieu vg mdt y tudng td chuc boat dgng vai may tinh nhu sau: Tre MN va tte tieu hgc dugc giao luu hgp tac vdi nhau, tte tigu hgc cd nhiem vu viet ra edng thiie nau an gdm 100 thanh phan nguyen vat lieu, tte MN cd nhiem vy dien dat Iai cdng thuc nau an nay bang hmh ve bdi phan mgm ve Kidpix. Tre thao luan va ciing nhau thyc hien, sau do cimg nhim ngam san pham da hoan tat va cd thg Email cho ba me hole ban be mdt each day tu hao.
Hoat ddng nay vua giup tte tigp can may tinh, vua giiip ren Iuyen kha nang ki ma va cho tte hgc each lam viec hgp tae. Tu y tudng nay, GV cd thg eho tre dung may tinh ky ma bai tho ngin, bai hat hole cau chuyen sang tao cua tte, in ra va gidi thieu hoae kg eho mgi ngudi cung nghe.
Nlm 2004, ttong bao cao cua minh, Belmda Gimbert va Dean Cristol (Hoa Ki) dua ra 5 trudng hgp cho thay, cong nghe mang dgn cho tte nhd co hgi phat trign va the hien nang Iyc cdng nghe: Su dung cdng nghe thich hgp tao CO hdi cho tte nhd phat trign xa hgi va phat ttign ngdn ngu; Phan mem phu hgp vdi sy phat trign khuyen khich tre kham pha, su dung tri tudng tugng va giai quyet cac van de; Cdng cu cdng nghe tang eudng sy phat trien, sy chu y d tte nhd, tte em danh thai gian tap trung vao may tinh lau ban va tap trung hon so vdi cac boat ddng khdng lien quan den may tinh khac; Tre em khuyet tat ngdn ngu va ty ki da ed eo hdi nang cao kha nang tuong tac bang Idi ndi, khdng ldi ndi va giao tiep xa hdi. Nhung khuyen cao danh cho ngudi ldn ngu mudn td chftc hoat ddng GD eho tte dat bieu qua vfta neu la phan mem ttd chai hay tuong tac phai cho phep tte khdng gian quyet dinh va nhirng ggi y dinh hudng, chua am thanh, gigng noi va am nhae, sinh ddng. Hoat ddng trong phan mem phai cd cac nhiera vy hgc tap ddng va md, than thien, cd hoat hinh, cd the dugc tam dimg hole tiep tue va phan hdi nhanh chdng cho tte era dg nudi dudng sy quan tam cua chung. Khi su dung phan mgm ttd choi hay chuyen ke, GV can ap dyng cac hoat ddng thyc hanh su phara, 2iam sat chat che tte em su dung phan mem va dua ra
hudng dan thuc chkt (Belinda Gimbert va Dean Cristol, 2004, tt. 207). Vi du:
- Hogt dong mgt: Phat ttiln ngdn ngu va tucmg tac xa hgi: Phu huynh hoae GV cimg hoat dgng vdi tte. Ngudi Idn se giai thich va budng dan cho tre ttong qua trinh boat dgng. Ngudi ldn chi ra each tim hinh anh cac eon vat dg lam mgt bg suu tap. Sau khi lam xong, tte se kg cau chuyen vg con vat va ngudi ldn danh may lai ngay dudi cac bftc hinh. Ngoai ra, tte cd thg tao ra cac ban ghi am ve am tbanb ciia dgng vat (tigng kgu, tieng ehan). Sau dd, tte ed thg eimg ngudi ldn rad rgng de tai ve noi sdng, thfte an, vai trd cua cac con vat ttong bg suu tap. Tre thyc hanh ki nang nghe bang each tham gia eae cugc thao luan trong ldp kich thich suy nghT ve khoa hgc va eae van dg xa hdi lien quan den nhiing con vat nay.
- Hogt dgng hai: Dimg phan mgm Kidpix ve lai nbiing cay ma tre da dugc hgc, dan nhan cac bg phan cua cay.
Ngudi ldn giiip tte ghi nhan lai nhitng tuygn bd lien quan ve nhung cay nay, sau do tte ed thg in cac san pham dd, chia se cho ban be va cung khara pha nhiing phan edn lai.
Mdt nghien eftu khac eua I Chen Hsu (Hoa Ki, 2007) cho thay, tuong tac ddng dang gifta tre vdi tre, giua tre vdi GV trong qua trinh boat ddng trgn raay tinb va ehgn lya phan mem may tmh phu hgp se giiip tre phat trien ngdn ngft, phat trign nhan thfte, quan Ii xung dot va hgp tac. Cy thg, vdi boat ddng trgn may tinh, mdi may tinh ngn bo tri tir 2-3 tte, khuygn khich bd tti tte khdng cung gidi tinb vi cac xung ddt thudng xay ra d nhdm cimg gidi tinh nhilu bon, ttong dd tre trai de gay ban vdi nhau hon tre gai. GV phai bo ttg hole dg mat den tre trong sudt qua trinh hoat ddng. Cac phan raem cho tte phan anh suy nghT, y tudng ca nhan eln uu tign hon nhftng phan mgm trd choi luyen tap, cd san dap an nhat dinh, tre khdng cd nhilu lya chgn khae nen giam co hdi thu sai, kham pha.
Nlm 2013, trong mdt bao cao Pasnik & Lonrente (New York, Hoa Ki) da chung minh hieu qua kbi ket hgp cho tte xem cac video va ttd choi duge vdi sy hudng dan tft phu huynh va GV thi nd cd the trd thanh cdng cu manh me dl thuc diy viec hgc tap theo phuong phap STEM.
Nam 2017, ttong quygn saeh cua mmh, Clark (New York, Hoa Ki) da ggi y cho GV each chgn lya ngi dung, hinh thfte td ehicc GD tbong qua CNTT phii hgp hgp ddi vdi tre. Ban than tre dugc khuyen khich tham gia vao viec tao ra cac ndi dung nay, CNTT cd thg giiip tre tao ra cac tai lieu va cau chuyen cua rieng tre, ddng thdi, tte cd thi chia se kinh nghiera thyc te vdi ban be.
2.3. flmh hirdng u'ng dung vao th^c tien giao due mam non tai Viet Nam
Til mdt sd nghien ciiu vfta trinh bay cd thg thay, ftng dyng CNTT ttong td chiie hoat ddng GD eho tre MN d nhilu nudc tten the gidi dang dugc trien khai chu ygu d tto choi gdc, tuong tac ca nhan hole nhdm nhd ngoai gid
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hgc. Viec tigp thu va van dyng nhung y tudng tren ciing nhung luu y ve nguyen tac td chitc vao hoat dgng vui choi gdc hoan toan kha thi. Viec lya chgn eae y tudng dl trign khai tiiy thugc vao dieu kien hien cd tai dia phuang, vdi nbung noi co nhilu may tinh ed thg ap dyng theo nguygn mau. Nhiing noi chi cd mdt may tinh, GV ngn lya chgn dang boat dgng trd choi tap the phdi hgp van dgng - am nhae hole ttd chai ddng vai nlu mudn dua CNTT vao boat ddng gdc.
Ngoai ra, ehiing ta edn cd the van dung nhung kinh nghiem tten theo nhiing hudng sau day:
- Vdi hoat dgng vui choi gdc, GV cd thg sii dung eae phan mgm ve ttanh nhu Paint, trd choi tu duy (ty thiet ke hole irng dung cd san), vdi each td chue nhu cae nghidn cuu d nudc ngoai dugc ttinh bay d phan 2.2. Cac trd choi nhu tim diem khae nhau, tun cap hinh gidng nhau, tim ngudn gdc cua sy vat, hien tugng, tira me cho con vat nhd, tim con vat bi ian, tim nguygn nhan eua tinh hudng cho san hoae ngugc lai, giai cau do... rat thii vi va phu hgp dg phat trien cac thao tac tu duy cho tre.
- Ngu cho tte ehai ttd choi hge tilp trye tuyen se gia tang sy hap dan khi GV va tre cung hdi hop chd dgi dap an, eung bge lg cam xuc vui mimg hay ngac nhien hoae that vgng khi bigt eau tta ldi. Hien nay, cd mgt sd trang web vfta la irng dung trd choi cho tre, vua la edng cu de tte ed thg tao ra ttd choi nhu scrateh.mit.edu, studio.
code.org, lightboteom... Ung dung nay cung cd ngudn tai nguyen phong phii, ed the digu ehinh theo nhu cau nen rit tien dung.
- Ngoai ra, su dyng trd choi phat trien kha nang dy doan thong qua cae boat dgng thi nghiem ciing la mdt hoat dgng thu vi. Bang each thdng thudng, tte se mat nhilu thdi gian de quan sat hien tugng va ghi nhan kgt qua, nhung vdi CNTT, tte se cd thg quan sat nhigu ban trong thdi gian ngan han. Viec thigt kl cae ttd chai dang nay kha don gian.
- Vdi boat dgng vui chai trong eae gid sinh boat, GV ckn uu tien td chuc hoat dgng vui choi ngoai ttdi vdi van ddng thg chit la chu dao. Song thinh thoang vin cd thg td chlie hoat dgng vui choi kit hgp vdi van ddng va am nhae dya ttgn nhung clip nhae GD cd treti may tinh hoae tren ttang Youtube hole tich hgp_ cac ylu td ttgn ngay trong trd choi may tinh do GV thilt kl. Vi du: Tre cd thi nghe cau hdi tten nln nhae vl djnh hudng khdng gian:
Con Khi d dlu vay? Tre hat va lie Iu theo nhip cua eau hdi, ddng thdi nhin cac dap an tten raan hinh (con Ga dung tmdc cai hop, con Khi diing tten nggn cay, con Chd dftng dudi cay dii) va tte vua hat, tra Idi lai, ddng thdi tay hole CO the eua tte cung lara ki hieu dien ta dap an dd (tten cay thi dua tay lgn dau).
- 6 hoat dgng hgc, su dyng bai day dien hi se hieu qua vdi nhimg ngi dung gap can ttd vl raat dia li, khdng gian va thdi gian cung nhu su an toan cho tte: nui lua, sam set,
vdng tuin hoan cua mua, sy biln ddi cua su vat, vong ddi eua smh vat, thdi ki tiln sft, ki khung long, ve sau, su phat triln eua cay dau phdng, phan hiiy rac thai...
Ngoai ra, ngoai viee tuan thii cac luu y d ttgn ve thdi gian tilp xiie, tin suit sir dung... viec img dung CNTT ttong td chftc hoat dgng GD cho tte van can dam bao cac nguygn tic GD MN.Trong dd:
- Ung dung CNTT cln dugc lua chgn phu hgp vdi rauc dich GD, khdng lam dung, uu tien nhiing boat ddng vdi may tinh cd su tac dgng toan dien cac mat phat trign ciia tte nhu trd choi van dgng kgt hgp vdi nghe - nhin ttgn man hinh va kT nang tu duy dg giai quyet van dk.
- KM td chftc boat ddng cd ung dung CNTT, can bo tri chd ngdi phu hgp ve mat vat Ii (ngu may cd man hmh 14 inch, ban ngn ngdi each l,6ra; vdi may 22 inch, cu li thich hgp la 2,4m. Khoang each can thigf la 1,8m vdi man hinh 16 inch, 2m vdi man hinh 18 inch va 2,2m vdi man hinh 20 inch), chii y thdi gian vua dii, anh sang du de dara bao su phat trien thi chit eho tte, GV ludn bao quat tte dii la hoat ddng gdc hay hoat dgng chung tten ldp.
- Viee tuong tac gifta tre vdi nhau hole vdi GV khi tham gia boat ddng vdi may tinh cin dugc bd tri xen ke, ddng dlu; tranh viec eho tre hgc bai day dien tft nhieu nhung lai ban chl tuong tac nhdm nhd hoae tuong tac gifta ea nhan vdi GV ttong boat ddng gdc vdi may tinh va ngugc lai.
- GV lya chgn cac phin mlm hole san phim phu hgp vdi die diera, nhu cau va kha ning cua tre. Neu GV c6 kha nang thigt ke (tto choi hgc tap, bai day dien tu) se cang hieu qua hon neu kT nang CNTT cua GV tdt. Vi nhu vay, GV se chii ddng chgn lya cac ngi dung, thao tae phu hgp vdi tte va muc dich GD dg ra ban khi sir dung san pham cd sin.
3. Ket luan
CNTT tuy hien dai, cd nhilu tinh ning vugt ttdi nhung ban chit nd van la mdt thilt bi, phuong tien day hgc. Do dd, viec ftng dung CNTT trong td chftc boat ddng GD cho tte MN se phat buy bieu qua hay gay tdn hai cho su phat tnen cua tte dgu biy thuge vao quan dilm va each thyc hign eiia GV MN, khdng phai do thilt bi cdng nghe.
Chinh vi vay, tigp can cac quan dilm tieh cyc va cd nhan thfte diing vl vai ttd cua CNTT la viee rlt cin thilt. Bgn canh dd, dii su dung phuang tien day hgc hien dai nao thi chiing ta cung phai bam sat eae nguygn tic GDMN nguyen tic day hge cho tte MN, nguygn tic su dung thilt bi va nhat la nguyen tic lay tte Iam trung tam, cho tte eo hgi lam chil boat ddng va tham gia nhiing boat ddng yen thieh. Cd nhu vay, ftng dung CNTT trong td chftc hoat dgng GD cho tre moi dat hieu qua cao, tbuc dly su phat triln toan dien cua tte.
Trgn Thj Um Minh
T&i li|u tham khdo
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SOME RESEARCHES ON THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ORGANIZING EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
I r a n Thi Tam Minh Sai Gon University
273 An Duong Vuong, Ward 3, Distnct 5, Ho Cfii Minti City, Vietnam Email, t^timmtitran [email protected]
ABSTRACT: The article summarizes the experiences related lo the application of information technology in organizing educational activities for preschool children from the studies by the authors In several countries around the world.
On that basis, combined with the reality of preschool education in Vietnam, the paper proposes a number of measures to apply information technology in designing and Implementing the educational activities in order to promote the advantages of information technology, contribute to helping children develop comprehensively while ensuring opportunities for children to access to modern technology for children in this digital age.
KEYWORDS: Researches; IT application; organizing; educational activities; preschool children.
So 30 thang 6/2020 4 i