CHUYEN MUC AN TOAN LAO OONG
Chuyen muc dirge thgc hien vdi s g phoi hgp cua Cue An loan lao dpng
T
rong nhi7ng nam gdn day, vdi su phat tridn khoa hgc cdng ngh$ va su quan tdm ddu tu cai thign didu kiSn lao ddng, hoat ddng khai thac than da va dang phat trien manh me. NSm 2011, T§p doan Than Khoang san Vidt Nam (VINACOMIN) da san xuait dugc han 48,2 trieu tS'n than nguyen khai (tSng 2,7% so vdi n3m 2010), trong dd than xudt khau chiem 38%, dem lai Igi nhuan cao, ddng thdi giai quyet viec lam cho nhieu ngudi lao ddng, gdp phan vao su phat trien kinh te, xa hdi.Trong cac nganh nghd, khai thdc than la m^t ngdnh cd didu kidn lao ddng khdc nghidt, nguy hidm, ludn tidm dn nhidu nguy CO gdy mdt an todn lao ddng nhu: sdp Id, sgt Id ddt dd; bgc nudc, bCln; chdy nd khf md (khf md tan, bgi than); didn gidt;
phuong tidn vdn tdi va ddp, chdn, di; trugt ngd do tron trugt; nd vdt li$u nd edng nghidp; nidy khai thdc va ddp.v.v. Nhdn thdc dugc nhdng nguy co dd, trong nhdng ndm gdn ddy, VINACOI^IN di cd nhidu ch? dgo quydt lidt, kidn quydt ddu tranh vdi nhdng vi pham an todn lao ddng.
VINACOI\^IN quy djnh cdc md khai thdc than hdm Id ddu phdi cd phd gidm ddc phg trdch an todn lao ddng, thdnh ldp bd
Fhd cue truang Cue An toan lao ddng
nam 2011, tai npn lao dpng trong khu vuc him Id giam mpnh.
phdn gidm sdt an todn lao ddng theo ca; xdy dgng chuong trinh
"tg chu an todn" trong hogt ddng sdn xudt theo ddc thd ridng tdng don vj; td chdc hdi thao, hdi thi vd an todn vd sinh lao ddng, phdng chdng chdy nd vd cdp cdu md; kidm tra chdo gida cdc don vj trong Tdp dodn;
Bing 1. Tinh hinh TNLD chit ngudi eda nginh than giai rfoi
2006-2010. 1 chuong trinh, ndi dung hudn
luydn vd ATVSLD cho cdn b9 chi huy sdn xud't ddu duqrc thdng nhdt vdi Tdp dodn trudc khi tridn khai; cd chfnh sdch chi thudng cao ddi vdi nhdng t|p thd, cd nhdn hodn thdnh xuat sdc trong sdn xudt vd gid vi7n|
cdng tdc an todn lao
Ndm
Sd vy chdt ngudi Sd ngudi chdt
2006
34 50
2007
28 36
2008
31 39
2009
23 26
2010
35 43
T d n g ^
151 193
TAP CHf LAO »^NIS Vk XAIM61 SA 499+493 a^ 01.31/01/2011)
CHUYJN MUC AN TOAN LAO B Q N G
Chuy§n muc diroc thu-c hidn vai sir ph6\ hgp cua Cue An to^n fao ddnfl
Bang 2: So sinh tinh hinh TNLD chit ngudi nim 2010/2011
n
'1 2
Thdng sd
Tdng sd vy TNLD chdt nguOi Tdng sd ngirfii ch^t
Trong dd:
- m m 16:
+ Sd vy
+ Sd nguOi ch^t - LO thien
+ Sd vy
+ Sd ngirOi chdt
Nam 2010 35 42
28 35 07 07
Nam 2011 17 19
09 11 08 08
Ghi chu Gi&m 51,42%
Giim 54,76%
Gi&m 67,8%
Giim 68,6%
Tftng 14,3%
Tftng 14,3%
ed nhidu kinh nghidm trong cdng vi^c. (xem bang 3).
Bing 3: Phin tfch dp tuil ngudi bj TNLD chit ngudi
Ndm Tudi 2009
2010 2011
23-30 47%
73%
61%
30-60 53%
28%
39%
ddng thdi cung xd phgt ng^hidm nam qua, gdp phdn vao myc minh vdi nhdng tap t h d , ca tidu gidm 5% tdn sudt tai ngn nhan khdng thgc hidn tdt cdng lao ddng trong ITnh vgc khai tac an toan lao d0ng, dd xdy ra thac md da dd ra trong Chuong TNLD nghidm trong, chdt ngudi. trinh qudc gia vd bdo hO lao Kdt qua, trong nhQng ndm gdn
day tinh hinh tai ngn lao ddng trong khai thac than tuy v l n cd nhdng vu nghidm trong, song da cd nhdng tin hidu giam.
Qua bao cao, thdng ke cua nganh than vd tinh hinh tai ngn lao ddng cho thdy tai ngn lao ddng chd't n g u d i giai d o a n 2006-2010 cd xu hudng gidm (Xem bing 1).
Nam 2 0 1 1 , tfnh dd'n thdi didm 23/12/2011 cdc don vj khai thac than da xdy ra 17 vu tai ngn lao ddng chdt ngudi va lam 19 ngudi bj chdt. So vdi
ddng, an toan lao ddng, vd sinh lao ddng ddn nam 2010 ma Thu tudng chfnh phu da phd duydt tgi Quydt djnh sd 233/2006/
QO-TTg ngdy 18/10/2006.
NhC?ng tfn hidu vui ndu trdn Id ddng mdng, song khdng thd chu quan vi TNLD trong khai thdc than v i n cdn khd nghidm trgng. Qua phdn tfch bidn ban didu tra tai ngn lao ddng chdt ngudi trong 3 ndm 2009, 2010 va 2011 cija nganh than cho thdy TNLD trong khai thac Id thidn tang, nguy co TNLD vdn
Qua phdn tfch cQng cho thdy khi bdc cua tho cdng cao thi khd ndng bj tai ngn lao ddng gidm, didu dd chdng td khd ndng phdn tfch cdc sg cd md tdt hon (chi tidt Bdng 4) kinh nghidm phdng ngda tai ngn lao ddng tdt hon, kinh nghidm ndy can dugc phd bidn tdi nhidu ngudi lao ddng, ddc bidt Id ddi vdi Idp thg trd.
Tai ngn lao ddng khdng ch?
thidt hgi vd ngudi, md cdn gdy thidt hgi rdt Idn vd cua cdi vdt chdt, cung nhu tinh thdn. Theo sd lidu bdo cdo td Bd Lao ddng Thuong binh vd Xd h^i, thidt hgi vd vat chdt do tai ngn lao ddng xdy ra trong 6 thang ddu ndm 2011 (chi phf tidn thudc men, mai t a n g , t i d n b d i t h u d n g cho gia dinh ngudi chd't vd nhJng ngudi bi thuong,...) Id 143.331 .SOO.OOdd (tdng 2,62 ldn so v d i cUng ky 2010), t h i d t h a i v d t a i s a n la rdt Idn. Odng chU i/-, sd lao ddng
cung ky nam 2010 (xem bdng trd t d 23-30 tudi bl tal ngn lao
2) tdng sd vg va tdng sd ngudi (j^ng cao, ma day igi la dd tudi 17.609.900.000d (tdng 7,89 ldn chdt trong cDng thdi didm ddu iao ddng sung sdc nhdt, tao ra so vdi cung ky ndm 2010), tdng gidm (sd vg TNLD chdt ngudi phidu cua cdi vdt chdt cho gia sd ngdy ngh? (kd cd ngh? chd dinh vd xd hdi, nhung Igi chua dd) do TNLD Id 33.409 ngdy.
giam 51,42%, s d ngudi chdt gidm 54,76%), d$c bidt TNLD trong khu vgc hdm Id gidm manh (gianri 6 7 , 8 % sd' v u , 68,6% sd ngudi chdt so vdi ndm 2010), ddy Id mdt didu ddng mdng trong nganh than (xem bing 2).
Nhdng sd lidu phdn tfch ndu trdn cOa ngdnh than Id kdt qud td sg cd gdng nd lgc dd ngdn ch$n tai ngn lao ddng trong 5
Bing 4. NghS nghipp ngudi bj tai nan lao dpng chit ngudi (Nim 2011, kit qui bio do cua 6 thing dau nim)
Nam Bgc thg 2009
2010 2011
Tho 16 4/6
6 26
6
Thg 16 ,5/6
0 9 3
Thg 16 6/6
1 3 0
Thg khac
10
7 8
Tdng
17 45 17
AP CHf LAO D^NG VA XA H ^ l 5^422+423 (tiir 01-31/01/2012)
CHUYEN MUC AN TOAN LAO D 6 N G
C h u y e n m u c d u g c t h u c h i e n v a i s i r p h o i h g p c i i a C u e A n t o a n lao d o n g Rieng a n g a n h than, qua
thdng ke, phSn tich bi§n ban tai nan lao ddng chet ngiidi trong ba nam 2009, 2010, 2011 cho thay thiet hai thiet hai v§ vat chat nhii sau: NSm 2009, trong 14 vu tai nan lao dpng chet n g u d ' i t o n g t h i e t h a i l a : 1.149.825.230 d o n g . NSm 2010, trong 29 vu tai nan lao dong chet nguai tong thiet hai la: 2.961.595.048 dong. 6 thang dau nSm 2011, trong 10 vu tai nan lao dpng chet ngu'ai tong thiet hai da la: 1.568.118.153 dong.
Khi tai nan lao dong xay ra khong chi anh hu'ang tri/c tiep den sue khoe va tinh mang cua chinh ngudi lao dpng ma cdn gay nen nhung thiet hai ve tmh than, de lai ganh nSng cho gia dinh va xa hoi. Hoan canh gia dinh cua cac nan nhan do tai nan lao dpng chet ngaai gay nen trong nganh than 3 n§m 2009, 2010 va 2011 deu da cd gia dinh, con nhd va dang nuoi dudng bo me. Day chinh la moi lo cua gia dinh va xa hpi, vai gia dinh dd la sii mat di ngu'ai chong, ngudi cha tru cot cua gia dlnh de lai si/ thiet hai to Idn ve mSt tinh cam.
Nguy§n nhSn chu yeu cua cac vu tai nan lao ddng la do y thuc, nhan thiic cua ca nguai SL? dung lao ddng va ngu'ai lao ddng dd'i vdi cdng t^c an toan lao dpng chua dap i/ng y6u cdu trong san xuat, cung nhu khi cd 31/ thay doi cua cdng nghe mai.
Ngudi su dung lao ddng, can bp quan ly, giam sat cdn chu'a thgc su kien quyet. DSc biSt 1^ thieu ky nSng danh gia rui ro va de ra cac bien phap an toan cho tung ca san xuat, khu vgc san xuat. Ve phla nguai lao d6ng chua cd y thdc t g giac chap hanh cac quy djnh vd an toan vg sinh lao d^ng, vi pham quy
trinh, quy pham an loan, d6ng thdi cung thieu ky nSng danh gia rui ro. HiSu qua cua cdng tac ki§m tra, thanh tra vSn cdn thS'p va XL/ ly vi pham vSn chua nghi§m. Cdng tac tuyen truyen giao due, huS'n luyen AT-VSLO, phd biS'n cac quy dinh phap luat ve AT-VSLO d mdt s6' dan vi trong nganh than v5n cdn ydu, chL/a cd d a a c p h u a n g p h a p huS'n luyen hieu qua, cd nai cdn mang tinh hinh thu'c lam cho nguai lao ddng chua nhan thu'c day du v6 cdng tac AT-VSLO, nen t h i e u y thi/c t u bao ve minh, bao vd dong ddi. Trong mdt sd trL/cfng hap, nguai lao ddng chLfa y thUc duac mite dp nguy hiem trong khi lam viec trong Id va ngoai Id dan tdi chu q u a n t r o n g thao
tac gay TNLO.
Chuang trinh qudc gia vi an toan lao dpng, vp sinh lao dpng glal doan 2011- 2015 duac ThLJ t u d n g chinh phu phe d u y e t n g a y 1 0 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 0 v l n de ra m u c t i § u
"Trung binh hang ndm giam 5% tan suat tai nan lao dong chet ngudi trong cac nganh, ITnh vuc khai khoang, xdy dung, sd dung dien, san xuat kim loai va san xuat hoa chat;". Vi vSy, n g a n h t h a n c i n tig'p tuc phat huy n h J n g k d t q u a , kinh n g h i e m t o t t r o n g c h i d a o , d i e u h a n h s a n xua't g ^ n vdi chi dao cdng tdc an t o a n vd sinh lao
d d n g t r o n g giai d o a n 2006- 2010, de tiep tuc cd nhieu giai phap phdng ngua hieu qua tai nan lao d p n g , gdp phan v^o
\j\dc pha'n dS'u dat muc ti§u hang nSm giam 5% tan su^t tai nan lao ddng chet ngudi trong khai thac md giai doan 2011- 2015. Nhan dip nSm mdi Nham Thin 2012, hy vpng rSng nganh than vdl tmh than tu chu, phat huy thuSn lai, khSc phuc nhiing han che, thach thu'c d§ cdng tac an toan, ve sinh lao dong tiep tuc duac giu viing vdi nhi^u h o a t d d n g thie't t h u c trong phdng ngiia tal nan iao dpng, b e n h n g h e n g h i e p , vi hanfi phuc cua ngudi lao ddng va si;
phat trien ben viing cua nganh than.I
TAP C H I L A O D ^ H * " - * ' ^ ^ * " A ' *^- Aooj-AO-i ^.v n i . ' a i / n i / 2 0 l ! )
