No 14_Dec2019]S6 14-Thang 12nam2019|p 18-21
T A P CHI KHOA H O C D A I HQC T A N T R A O ISSN. 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1
http //tckh daihoctantrao,edu vnJ
Mot so yeu to lien quan den ly thuyet ti^p bien van hoa qua nghien cuu giao luu van hoa ciia nguoi Bo Y
Tran Quoc Viel"'
" Truong Dm hpc Thu do Ha Noi Email- lqviet@daihoclhiido edu vr
T h o n g tin bai viet
Ngay nhan bai:
26/3/2017 Ngay duyet dang 10/12/2019
Tir khoa:
Bo y, giao liru, tiep hien. van hoa.
Tiep bidn van hoa la ly thuyet vd su bien d6i van hoa khi c6 giao luu van hoa, Theo ly thuyet nay, de co bien d6i van hoa thi hai n^n van hoa khac nhau phai CO su tiep xiic tiuc tiep va hen tuc Tuy nluen, muon biet nhQng bien doi van hoa do se c6 miic dp va xu hucmg ra sao. can nghien ciiii cac yeu to cu the tac dong. chi phoi qua trinh bien d6i van h6a trong giao luu Qua nghien ciiii tmaiig hop giao luu van hoa giiJa nguoi B6 Y voi cac toe nguoi khac, chiing toi se chi ra mot so yeu t6 noi bat nhat trong do
1. MOT dau
Nam 1936. trong bai viet Memorandum for the Study of Acculturation, cac nha nghien ciru van hoa ngucn Mv dmh nghia ve tiep bien van hoa
""Acculturation comprehends those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contacts, which subsequent changes m the onginal cultural patterns of either or both groups" (Robert Redfield.
Ralph Linton & Medville J Herskovits, 2002, tr258) Xin tam dich "Tiep bidn van hoa bao gom nhung hien tuong duoc sinh ra khi cac nhom ca the co nen van hoa khac nhau tiep xiic true Uep voi nhau mot each hen tuc din d^n nhiing bi6n doi trong cac mo thiic van hoa goc ciia mpt hoac ciia ca hai nhom nay" Nliu vay, theo dinh nghia tren, hai nhom ca the co nen v3n hoa khac nhau - CO the hiSu la hai nhom thuoc hai toe ngucn c6 nen van hoa khac nhau, dieu kien de xay ra tiep bien van hpa la hai nhom co su tiep xiic (giao Iini van hoa) true tiep va hen tuc voi nhau, ticp bien van hoa lam bien doi van hoa goc (van hoa truoc khi tiep xiic) va co the xay ra 6 mot hoac ca hai nhom
Cau hoi duoc dat ra la trong qua trinh tiep xiic true tiep va lien tuc do, nhiing yeu to nao chi phoi miic dp va xu huong bien d6i van hoa co tiiiyen ciia hai nh6m'?
Qua nghien ciiru sU doi thay van hoa ciia ngUoi Bo Y o Viet Nam, cb the thay dupe it nhieu ve van de nay.
2. Noi dung
2.1. Sa luffc ve ngie&i Bo Y vd dac trung van hoa Toe nguoi Bo Y co to tien xa xua 6 tinh Quy Chau - Tning Quoc (Vien Dan toe hoc, 1975, tr 319). Vao khoang dau the ky XIX, co hai nhom nguoi B6 Y doi Quy Chau di cu xuong phia Nam va den bien gioi phia Bac Viet Nam dinh cu, ho chinh la t6 tien ciia nguoi Bo"
Y 6 linh Ha Giang va Lao Cai ngay nay Bang phuong phap nghien cuu dien da tham du ve van hoa ciia hai nhom nguoi Bo Y noi tren tu nam 2005 den nay, chiing toi thay CO nlurng khac biet ro ret trong mot so thanh to van hoa nhu ngon ngfl, trang phuc thuong ngay, each bai tri ban tho, nhac hi6u tang ma va dan ca
NhiJng khac biet do duoc chiing toi diic nit ra 6 bang duoi day
r.^.T'iet/No 14_Dec 2019|p 18-21 Nhom ngu'oi Bo Y ff
Ha Giang
Noi tieng Bo Y (trong noi bo toe nguoi) va Ueng Niing (khi giao tiep ben ngoai)
Trang phuc thuong ngay nhu nguoi Niing To chuc cupi xin gan gioQg ngucn Niing Bai tri ban tho tuong tu nguoi Niing
Tang ma sii dung nhac hieu CO phan giong nJiac hieu ciia nguoi Niing va ken Hmong
Hat dan ca co truyen ciia nguoi Bo Y va nguai Niing la chinh
NhiVm ngu'oi Bo Y ff Lao Cai
No! tieng Han (Quan hoa) la chii yeu ca trong noi toe va kill giao tiep ben ngoai
Trang phuc thuong ngay nhu ngucn Han To chirc cum xin gan giong ngucn Han Bai tri biin tuong tu nguoi Han
Tang ma sii dung nhac hieu CO phan giong nhac hieu ciia nguoi Han
Hiit dan ca co nguon goc Han la chinli
Viec giai ma nguyen nhan ciia su kliac biet van hoa giiJa hai nhom von ciing goc tir mot tpc nguoi nay cho chiing toi thay su doi thay trong van hoa ciia hp c6 nhOng yeu to hen quan ma chua duoc neu ro trong ly thuyet tiep bien van hoa ciia cac nha nghien ciiu van hoa My
2.2. Mot so yeu to trong giao luu van hoa tac dong t&i mice do vd xu hu&ng Men doi ciia van hoa
a) Hinh thai cu- tru co tac dong quan trong lo'i miic do it nhieu ciia bien doi van hoa
NhOng nhom nguai tham gia giao luu van hoa co the song theo cac hinh thai cu tni nhu xen cu hoac can cu voi nhau Giir hai hinh thai cu tni can cu va xen cu, xen cu mang lai cho hp co hoi tiep xiic true tiep, lien tuc trong giao lim van hoa nhieu han Boi, khi song xen cu, ho phai gap nhau qua cac cong viec hang ngay, CO moi quan he hang xom lang gieng ngay trong cling mot ban lang Vi vay. co hoi tuong tac, cuong do tac dong den van hoa cua nhiing nhom song xen cu \6i nhau nhieu, manh me, anh huong toi doi song van hoa ciia ho nhieu hon so vdi nliung tac dong den van hoa ciia hai nhom song can cu Qua that, truong hop nhom nguoi Bo Y o Ha Giang giao luu \an hoa voi ca nguoi Hmong va nguoi Niing Boi nguai Bo Y song song xen cu vol nguoi Niing nhung lai can cu vcri nguoi Hmong Cho nen, ho giao luu va chiu anh huong van hoa ciia ngucn Nung trong nhieu khia canh van hoa quan trong
nhu ngon nga, trang phuc, tin nguftng Trong khi do, do giao luu vdi ngudi Hmong khong nhieu nhu voi ngudi Niing, van hoa ciia ngudi Bo Y chi bi anh huong rat it tir van hoa Hmong, the hien qua mot nhac khi duoc sii dung trong tang ma Do la chiec ken Hmong cd bau bang go va loa bang dong (xin xem bang d tieu muc 2 1 )
b) Hon nhan tac dong tm xu the bien doi van hoa Noi den tiep xiic trong giao luu van hoa khong the khong de cap toi hon nhan Hon nhan khong chi giiip hai nhom ngudi c6 them nhieu co hoi tiep xiic hon voi nhau, ma con mang van h6a ciia ho hoa bon vao nhau ngay trong tirng gia dinli Do la su tham gia ciia ngudi vo (hoac chong) vao cuoc song ciia gia dinh va toe ngudi ben chong (hoac va); su qua lai thucmg xuyen, mat thiet giGa hai nha thong gia khi moi ben cd cong cd viec. Van de nay cung co the thay ro trong moi quan he giao luu van hoa ngudi Bo Y d Ha Giang vdi ngudi Niing va nguoi Hmong nhu sau
Theo nhiing ngudi gia Bo Y, khi mdi den Viet Nam, ngudi Bo Y chi ket hon trong npi loc va van con nhieu smh boat van hoa co truyen Sau nay. ho dan md rong hon nhan ra vdi cac toe ngudi lan can va ddi song van hoa cd nhieu thay ddi Hien nay, hau het cac gia dinh trong nhom ngudi B P Y o Fla Giang cd quan he thong gia \'d! ngudi cac tpc khac Chiing toi khao sat ti'ong cong dong ngudi Bo Y d Ha Giang thay da so cac gia dinh ngudi Bo Y thdng gia vdi ngudi Niing Mpt so gia dinh Ihong gia vdi ngudi Hmong va ngudi cac tdc ngudi khac Khi ngudi Bo Y lam le ciing ma, cac gia dinh thong gia ngudi Niing den \'ieng deu mang theo dan nhgc hieu Nung, Lau dan, ngudi Bo Y thanh quen vdi vice CO nhac hieu ciia ngudi Niing trong tang ma Vi vay, mac dau khong bat buoc, hau het le ciing ma ciia ngudi 8 6 Y hien nay deu cd dan nhac hieu Nung (ke ca nhCfng tang gia khong thong gia vdi ngudi Niing) Nguoc lai, ngudi Niing duac mdi den du cac ie Cling giai han ciia nha thong gia la ngudi Bo Y Hp chii'ng kidn \ a tin rang le nay thieng nen mot so gia dinh mdi th^y cung Bd Y den lam le cho minh Nhieu gia dinh ngudi Niing khac thay vay cung lam theo Do do, ngay cang cd them nhieu ngudi Niing sir dung le Cling giai han ciia ngudi Bo Y
Tuong tu, ngudi Bo Y dupe mdi tham du le cung ma ciia ben thdng gia ngudi Hmcmg Hp thay viec diing ken lam cho dam ma them hoanh trang, Cho nen khi lam l£ Cling ma, mot so tang gia ngudi Bo Y mdi them nhac cong ken Hmong den ihoi ken ciing vdi cac dan nhac hieu cua ngudi Niing. Nguoc lai, ciing nhu ngudi
TQ.Viet/^o 14_De-
Niing, hien ed nhimg gia dinh ngudi Hmong su dung Ic Cling giai han ciia ngud. B^ Y vi ho tin vao le ciing nay.
Hien tuong tren cho thay, cd su bien d6i viin hoa hai chi6u nhu viec ngudi B6 Y U^p ihu nhac hieu ciia ngudi Niing va Hmong, cdn ngudi Niing va Hmong lai tiep thu \l Cling giai han ciia ngirdi Bd Y, mpt phan cting khdi ngudn tir moi quan he hon nhiin mil ra
c) Vu ihS cua loc ngucn trong giao lim van hoa tdc dong l&i mifc do va xu the bien doi van hoa
Thir nliSt la iru M v^ dan sS dong han Ciing chung sdng trong mdt khu vuc. cac tdc ngudi tat yeu phai ccS mdi quan he U6p xiic tmc Hep, dac biet trong cac cong vice boon ban, trao ddi hang hoa d cho So ngudi di cho va ban hang chii y6u la eac thanh vien ciia tdc ngudi cd s6 dan dong nhat trong khu \ u c Vi \'ay, ngon ngO pho bien d cho la ciia ho nen cac tpc ngudi khac khi di cho giao dich budn ban. trao doi hang hoa buoc phai su dung ngon ngff do Ngoai ra, cac san pham mang dam chat van hda ciia ho nhu liang phuc. cong cu lao dong ciing chi^m da phan a cho Cac tdc ngudi khac mua ve va sir dung chiing Dicu dd dan tdi viec van hoa cua tpc ngudi dong dan nhat tiong khu vUc tac dong va lam bien doi van hda ciia cac tdc it ngudi kliac Dieu nay dupe thay qua trudng hop ngudi Bo Y d Ha Giang Tiong khu vuc ho cu tiij 6 xa Quyet Tien, huv^n Quan Ba. tinh Ha Giang, ngudi Nimg chiem da sd (Vicn Dan tpc hoc, 1975, tr 317 - 318) Ngdn ngil dupe su dung trong giao tiep nai cong cong. hang hda d cho chii \ e u la ciia ngudi Niing, cac sinh boat cong ddng nhu Ic hdi, van nghe d day cung deu theo van hda ngudi Niing Vi vay, dien ra xu huong ngudi Bo Y tiep thu \'an hda cua ngudi Niing d nhiSu khia canh nhu ngon ngii, trang phuc, tin nguong, dan ca (xm xem bang d lieu muc 2 1.) Trong khi dd, do loi thd dan so ddng nhal khu w c , ngudi Niing vin cd the sinh song theo ^•an hda co tmyen ciia minh trong h5u het cac sinh hoal \ a hdi I lo chon loc, chi liSp thu them tir cac tdc ngudi khac khia canh van hda nao ma ho cho la phii hojx co loi cho cuoc song cua ho Cho nen. ngudi Niing han nhu khong bi anh huong hoac ti^p ihu ik it van hda cua ngtrdi Bt^ Y Cu th6, ho chi tidp thu \l ciing g,ai han ciia ngudi B 6 Y nhu chiing tdi da trinh bay d hen
Thu hai, V, thi chinh tri cao han cung la mpl im Ihi^
trong bien dd, van hda Ciing giao Imi van hda vd, ngud. Han ca d Tmng Qu6c va Vic. Nam, nhung nhom Ho Y o Ha Giang it b, anh humig cua van hda Han trong kh. nhom B^ Y d Lao Cai ch,u anh hudng nh.^-u
« cd nha ngh,en cuu nhan d,nh rang ho g^n nhu 01 Han hoa (Vii^n r^s. ,A.. ,. ^
ciiii cac moi quan h? giao luu nay, chimg t6i thi mot sd khia canh dang chii y.
Nhiing ngudi gia Bo Y d Lao Cai cho bi^i, Thanh, ngird, Han cd vi the chinh thdi nha
tn o Van Nam -
'1 Han hoa (V,cn Dan tdc
l'"c. I'J75, trS26) Nghtcn
Tnmg Quae Vi v^y, &k tranh bi nha Thanh dan ap ap biic qua nhidu, ngud, B 6 Y khi d, cu d^n Van Nam da 5n gi3u tung tich b5ng each hoa tron, gia lam ngudi Han Ho tham nhap vao lam ngudi giup viec trong cac gia dinh ngud, Han, thudng ngay noi li^ng Han, mac trang phuc nliu ngudi Han, hoa theo cac tin ngumg ciia ngudi Han Vi vay, cd nhiing khia canh van hoa quan trong cua nhom ngudi B 6 Y a Lao Cai nhir ngdn ngfi, trang phuc thudng ngay, tin ngudng thd td tien, dan ca deu bi Han iioa Trong khi dd, nhu da neu, ta liea cua nhdm ngud. Bo Y d Ha Giang ddi Quy Chau den thang Viet Nam Hp khong can phai dira vao vi the chinh tn ciia tpc khac Do dd, mot so net ban sk van hda cd truyen nhu ngon ngO, sach ciing, dan ca ciia ngudi Bd Y van duoc duy tri
Hien tupng n;i\ cho thaj' uu th^ \'e dan so va vi the chinli tn cd th£ anh hudng den miic do va xu hirong bien ddi trong giao lim van hda
2.3. He qua cua su bien ddi van boa trong ^o luu vdn hoa
Giao luu dan den tiep bien van hda lam cho van hoa cua cac tpc ngudi tham gia giao luu Mia co them cai mdi nhung ciing cd the lam tn?t Ueu ban s3c van hoa neng cua hp (Nguyen Thuy Loan, 1996, tr. 4), Tpc ngudi chiem uu the ve vhn hda co the lam lu rao ban sac \'an hda va tao nen s\j hda dong cho mpt nhom loc nguoi khac trong giao liru v5n hda
Hien tutmg nay xay ra trong moi quan h$ giao luu van hda giOa ngudi Han \'di nhdm ngirdi Bo Y va cac tdc ngudi khac d Lao Cai Bdi ngudi Han chiem mi the, nen nhiing tdc ngudi tham gia giao luu vdi ho (bao gom ngudi Bp Y) deu liip thu nhi^u kliia canh van lioacua ngudi Man Ho ciing sii dyng lieng Quan Hda lam ngon ngil giao licp, trang phyc thudng ngay gan nhirngirm Han, tin ngirdng trong cudi xin, trong bai chi ban Ihcr, Id chirc lang ma, hpi he, dan ca d^u na na nhir nhau, co nhieu net giong Han He qua la van hoa Han lam lu m^
niucu khia canh van hda c6 tmyen ciia cac tpc ngircn nen day va tao nen net vfin hda chung mang mau sac Han
3. Kcl luan
Tren day. chiing loi da ban vi mpt so yeu to lac ddng. chi phoi mirc do va xu hudng bien doi v3nhoa qua tnrdng ln,Tp giao Imi van hoa gitta IpcngiraiBo
r.QIiet/No 14_Dec20]9|p 18-21 vdi cac tdc ngudi khac, Dd la cac yeu td nhu hinh thai
cu tni, hon nhan, uu the ve dan sd va \ i the chinh tn Cac yeu td nay cd the la he qua ciia su tiep xiic true tiep lien tuc nhu hinh thai cu tni va hon nhan, ciing co the la yeu to hen quan nhu cac uu the ciia tdc ngudi Su bien ddng ciia chung cd the tao nen nhiing he qua khac nhau trong su doi thay van hoa goc ciia nhiing tdc ngudi tham gia giap luu van hda Chiing lam sang ro hon cho ly thuyet Iiep bien van hda Chiing toi hy vong viec chi ro cac yeu td nay se giiip ngu'di nghien ciru vira hieu sau hon \ e ly thuyet tiep bien van hda, visa cd hudng nghien cim thict tliuc, loan dien va sau sac hon tiong thuc te kill nghien cim \'an hda
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1 Nguyen Thuy Loan (1996), Giao Imi vd phat tnen - Nhln lir goc do dm nhac I 'lel Nam, Tap chi Van hda Nghe thuat. s6 2, Ha Ndi
2 Vien Dan tdc hoc (1975), i'dn di xac dinh thanh phan cac dan tpc Ihieu so a iniin Bdc Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hdi, Ha Ndi
3 Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton & Medville J Herskovits, American Anthropology, tmy xuat tir https //books google com vn/books'^id^TrYSlPHYiHs C&pg=PA257&dq=Roben+Redfield,+Ralph+Linton+
%26+Mcdville+j4-I-Ierskovits&hl=vi&sa-X&ved=0ah UKE\viNz4KfvLnnAhVOG6YKHS8sBiIQ6AEIMzA B#\-onepage&Q=Robert%20Rcdfield%2C%20Raiph
%20Linton%2Q%26%20Medville%20J%20Herskovits
&f=false ngay 18 thang 11 nam 2019
Some factors related to the theory of cultural Acculturation though the study of cultural exchange of the Bo y ethnic
Iran Quoc Viet
Recieved:
26/3/2017 Accepted
10/12/2019
Keyword.; • BoY,
exchange, acciilluralion.
culture
Abstract
Acculturation is theory of culture change According to this theory, In order to have cultural change, two different cultui"es must have direct and continuous contact.
However, it is needed lo study about factors, that control culture changing to know how the deep and the wa) of that exchange These factors are recogmzed by us when studying about the exchange cultuie between the Bo Y ethnic group and others. We will show some most cleai of that factors.
