Y HOC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SOOAC BjiT/2011
NGHIEN Cl)U XAY DONG IVIO HINH
PHAT TRIEN NGUON NGlTOI HIEN IVIAU TINH NGUYEN TRONG KHOI CO QUAN HANH CHINH SlT NGHIEP THUOC TINH PHU THO
Le H&u Chien *, Pham Thi Mai Lan*, Bhi Dinh Sdt*. Dinh Hdng Duong**
Dd Qudc Hdi*. Nguydn Dinh Phii*, Nguyen Diirc Thuan***
SUMMARY
Through the method of desciptive and analytic research (combining qualitative and quantitative analysis) and community intervention study (before and after), the model of developing sources of blood donors in the administrative block in Phu Tho province (with 347 civil servants) shows that: the rate of objects having adequate, limited and bad knowledge is 21.9%, 40.9% and 37.2% alternately. The rate of objects with suitatble, inadequate and negative attitude is 24.8%, 62% and 13.2%. 96.2% of objects has not ever given blood before and 95.6% has not ever persuded others to give blood. There is clearly big change about perception, attitude and behavior in giving blood before and after implemanting the model. Adequate perception increases from 21,9% 89,0%; suitable attitude is from 24,8% to 93,1%; tiie rate of giving blood first time is from 3,2% to 23,7%; the rate of repeating is from 0,6% to 21,0%; and the rate of objects persuading others to donate blood is from 4,4% to 51,6%.
I.
OAT V X N O ELyc lugng can bd, cdng chuc, vien chuc (CBCNV) dang Iam viec trong cac ca quan hanh chinh sy nghiep (HCSN) cua tinh Phu Thp dao ddng 28.000 30.000 ngudi. Day la nhdm ngudi hiln mau tinh nguyeii (HMTN) cd chit lugng, an toan do dugc kilm tra sue khde thudng xuyen, cd trinh dp van hda va hilu bilt xa hdi. Vai nhu cau mau dilu tri tdi thilu moi nam tai Phu Thg khoang 26.300 dan vi mau thi chi cin 30% sd CBCNV tham
gia HMTN dii bang 2,25 tdng lugng mau thu gom cua ca tinh nam 2007 (4.194 don vi mau). Tuy vay, sd CBCNV tham gia HMTN cdn it, tinh trang thieu mau tram trpng van thucrng xuyen xay ra tai Phu Thp. Vi vay,
\iec phat trien ngudn ngudi HMTN trong khdi CO quan HCSN ciia tinh Phu Thp la quan trpng va cap thiet.
() Phu Thp, da cd mdt vai nghien cim ve ngudi hien mau, song chua cd cdng trinh nao nghien cuu ve viec phat trien ngudn ngudi HMTN tai tinh. De tai dugc tien hanh vdi cac muc tieu:
1. Danh gia thyc trang nhan thuc, thai dp, hanh vi vl HMTN cua CBCNV trong ca quan HCSN thudc tinh Phu Thp.
2. Xay dyng md hinh phat triln ngudn ngudi HMTN cd chit lugng, thudng xuyen va an toan trong lyc lugng CBCNV thudc khdi ca quan HCSN cua tinh Phii Thp.
II. OOI TUpNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN COU L D o i tu'ong nghien c i h i
- Ddi tuang: 347 CBCNV thudc 02 ca quan HCSN cua tinh Phu Thp: Sd Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hdi (LDXH) va Sd Van hda, Thi thao ya Du lich (VHTT).
- Tieu chuan chpn mau:
+ Ngudi dugc lya chpn nghien ciin: dang hgp ddng lao ddng tdi thilu tir 03 thang ho^c bien chi Nha nude; tudi ddi tir 18 58 tudi (nam) va 18 - 53 tudi (nu); chua phat hien bi mic cac benh ly man tinh va benh tim mach;
tinh nguyen tham gia nghien ciin.
-i- Ca quan dugc lya chpn: la ca quan
* Hdi ChOthapdo tinh PhCi Tho; " Hoc vien Quan y;
Hpi NGHj KHOA HQC TOAN Q U 6 C LAN THLf NHA'T VJ VAN D Q N G HI£"N MAU TINH NGUYgN
HCSN hudng ngan sach Nbii nude thupc 1 inh;
cd tdng sd lao ddng (hgp ddng tir 03 thiing lixV len \ a bien ehc) tdi thieu la 50 nguiri.
Phuang phap chon mau: ngau nhien (neu ca quan dd tien 180 ngui7i dii dieu kien) hoac mau chi djnh (neu co quan dd khdng qua 180 ngutri dii ticu chuan).
2. Phuong nhap nghien ciiu
2.1. Thiet ke nghien cim: nghien cim md ta cd phan tich (ket hgp djnh lugng \a dinh tinh) va nghien cim can tliipp cdng ddng (tmdc - sau).
Cdc hudrc lien hdnh: gdm 4 budc {Budc 1: Khao sat thyc trang nhan thirc, thai dd \ a hanh \ 1 \ e HMTN. Budc 2: Xay dyng md hinh phat trien ngudn ngiriri HMTN theo phuang phap hdi thao chuyen gia. Budc 3:
Trien khai md hinh va ticn hanh cac hoat
dpng danh gia kit qua. Buac 4: Danh gia kit qua triln khai md hinh: dya theo cac tieu chuan de ra de danh gia la "dat" hay "khdng dai"
Tien chudn ddnh gid md hinh: can cir Quylt dinh so 198/2001/QD-TTg ngay 31/12/2001 cua Thu luirng Chinh Phu vl phe duyet Chuang trinh an toan truyen mau; can cu vao ticu chuan danh gia hieu qua Chien dich tmyen thdng ve HMTN do Td chirc Y te the gidi va Hipp hpi Chir thap dd - Trang ludi liem do qudc tc khuyen cao, md hinh td chirc van dpng 1 IMTN tai mpt tinh nhu Phu Thp dugc danh gia la dat yeu cau neu cd du 6 tieu chuan (xem tgi Bdng 9). Danh gia md hinh: Dya theo cac tieu chuan de ra la "dat" hay "khdng dat" Md hinh dat yeu cau neu ca 6/6 tieu chuan deu dugc danh gia la "dat"
Md hinh di xudt:
Th^nh l|ip BOO v$n dpng HMTN cua Cxi
Trial khai tdi cac phong, ban, ddn vj
Tuyen truyen tryc tiep t^i cic ddn vj
Tuyen truyen gidn tiep
Tu" van tryc tiep vd tiep nhfin ding ky HMTN
T 6 chii'c diem HMTN
Cdm dh, t u vSn sau h l ^ mdu vd hodn tiii^n ho sd qudn ly ngutd HVtm
Tdng ket chi^n djch, tniySn thdng duy tri vd v$n ^ N l HM nh^c l^i
Thanh l|p cac CLB/dpi TNV
Sff do L Md hinh phat triln ngudn ngudi hien mau tinh nguyen khdi ca quan hanh chinh sy nghiep tai tinh Phii Thg
Y HQC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 • SO BAC BIET/2011
2.2. Th&i gian nghien ciru: lix thang 8/2008 din thang 12/2009.
2.3. Dia diim nghiin cuu: tinh Phu Thp, Vien Huylt hpc Truyin mau TU'.
^ 2.4. Xii- ly sd lieu: bing phin mim Epi info 6.04, SPSS 13.0 va cac thuat toan thdng ke thdng thudng (vai cac so lieu dinh lugng) va sir dung ky thuat Kilm tra cheo cac nguon thdng tin (Phep Dac tam giac, vai cac thdng tin dinh tinh).
III. KET QUA VA BAN LUAN
1. Dgc diim cua doi tuang nghiin cuu Bang L Dac diem cua ddi tugng nghien cuu
Doi tu'dng
Gidi
Trinh dp hoc van
Tuoi
Chu'c vu
Hien mau
Tdng sd ngydi Nam (%)
NLJ- (%)
LDXH (n = 172)
100,0
VHTT (n = 175 )
100,0
50,0 Chya tot nghiep PTTH (%)
Tdt nghiep PTTH (%) Tot nghiep tif THCN trd len (%)
18 28(%) 29 35(%) 36 60(%)
Lanh dao (%) Nhan vien (%) Da tirng HMTN (%) Chya hien mau (%)
50,0
11,6
30,8
57,6
56,4 30,8
12,8
iM.
87,8
AA.
50,3
49,7
IA.
Tong CQng (n = 347)
100,0 50,1 49,9 36,0
56,6 60,6
28,6
10,8
iM.
88,6 95,9
3A.
96,6
IA.
33,4
57,1
58,5
29,7 11,8 11,8
88,2
32_
96,3 Ket qua tai Bang 1 cho thay: tdng sd ddi tugng nghien cuu la 347 ngudi, trong dd LDXH:
172 ngudi, VHTT: 175 ngudi; nam gidi chilm 50,1% va nir: 49,9%; 57,1% da tdt nghiep trung hpc chuyen nghiep trd len, tuong duong nhau giira 2 ca quan; 58,5%) ddi tugng nghien ciin cd dp tudi 18 - 28; 29,7% dp tudi 29 - 35 chilm, 11,8% dp tuoi 36 60; 11,8% la lanh dao, 88,2%
la nhan vien; 96,3%) ddi tugng chua timg hiln mau.
2. Ket qua trien khai mo hinh
2.1. Thdnh lap cdc to chiirc ve van dpng hien mdu tinh nguypn tgi 2 ca quan:
Bang 2. T Noi dung
lanh lap cac td chuc ve van ddng hien mau LDXH
So ngu'di Cdcau
tinh nguyen tai cac ca quan VHTT
So ngu'di Cd cau Thanh tap Ban dao van ddng Ht4TN:
Trydng ban Cac iiy vien
Cong:
01 04
Phd Giam doc Sd Cdng doan, Ooan Thanh nien, Phdng td chifc can bd,
Yte.
05
01 04
Phd Giam doc Sd Cdng doan, Ooan Thanh
nien, Phdng to chirc can bp, Y te.
05
HQI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N QUOC LAN T H Q NHA'T vg V A N DQNG HI£'N M A U TJNH NGUY$N Thanh lap dpi tinh nguyen vien:
Odi trydng Odi vien Cpng:
01 16
— -
Bi thy doan Cac tinh nguyen vien
17
01 18
Bi thu' doan Cac tinh nguyen vien
19
Ket qua tai Bang 2 cho th/i>: ca 2 c(v quan dcu thanh lap dugc Ban chi dao ve HMTN do Phd giiim doc So liim Tnrang ban; ciic dpi tinh nguypn viC'ii HMTN deu dugc thanh lap d 2 co quan do Bi thu Doim thanh nienlimi Doi Iruimg.
2.2. Td chirc truyin thdng ve hien mdu tinh nguypn tgi 2 ca quan:
Bang 3. Id chuc ciic hoai dong van dpng hicn mau tinh nguyen tai 2 ca quan
Hoat dong Hdi nghj, hdi thao Ldp tap huan TNV
Chien dich huyen thdng Budi tu" van cpng dong Tong cong
—_,_^^ DOI tu'dng
Sdcudc
Sd lydt ngydi tham dy Sdcudc
Sd lygt ngydi tham dU So cuoc
Sd lydt ngu'di tham du' So cuoc
sd lu'di ngydi tham dy SO cuoc
So lydt ngUdi tham dy
LDXH Nam 2008
3 84
2 52
1 50
1 65 7 214
Nam 2009
3 92
3 48
1
52 1 60 8 220
VHTT Nam 2008
4 112
3 27
1 63 1 72 9 264
Nam 2009
3 134
2 28
1 67 1 82 7 3 0 1
2od Nam 2008
7 196
5 79
2 113
2 135
16 476
quan Nam 2009 6 226
5 76
2 119
2 142
15 521
Ket qua tai Bang 3 cho thay: ca 2 ca quan deu td chirc cac boat ddng bdi nghi. hdi thao, tap huan tmh nguyen vien, chien dich truyen thdng va tu van cdng ddng \c HMTN \xVi tdng sd 16 cupc nam 2008 (476 lugt ngudi tham dy) va 15 cugc nam 2009 (521 lugt ngudi tham dy).
Bang 4. Cac kenh thdng tin \ c hien mau
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
^ ^ ^ ^ . . ^ ^ ^ Doi tu'cng Kenh thong tin ^^--..^^^
Ti vi
Td rd\, thy mdi, bang rdn, ap phtdi Oai tieng ndi, dai truyen thanh Bao viet
Internet
Cd quan, ddng nghiep Ngu'di than, gia dinh Tai cac diem hien mau
Nhan vien y te Khac
tinh ngu) en ma ddi tugng dugc tiep nl LDXH
( n= 172) Tan
so 158 170 60 26 130
43 29 7 0 36
Tyl?
o/o
91,9 98,8 34,9 15,1 75,6 25,0 16,9 4,1 0,0 20,9
VHTT ( n = 175) Tan so
166 173 84 39 133
47 23 9 0 49
T y l e
94,9 98,9 48,0 22,3 76,0 26,9 13,1 5,1 0,0 28,0
ian
Tong cong (n = 347) Tan
A *
SO
324 343 144 65 263
90 52 16 0 85
Tyle
% 93,4_
98,8 _ 41,5_
18,7 75,8_
25,9_
is^L
4,6_
0,0_
_ 2 4 i _
Y HOC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SOOAC BIET/2011
Ket qua tai Bang 4 cho thay: cac kenh truyin tai thdng tin ve HMTN ma ddi tugng nhan dugc chilm ty le cao la td rai, tai lieu (98,8%); tivi (93,4%); internet (75,8%); dai tiing ndi, dai truyen thanh dia phuang (41,5%); cac kenh chiem ty le thap: ngirdi than, gia dinh (15,0%); diem hien mau (4,6%). Khdng cd ai nhan dugc thdng lin HMTN tir nhan vien y te.
2.3. Thay ddi nhgn thirc, thdi dp vd hdnh vi vi hien mdu tinh nguyin:
Bang 5. Sy thay ddi nhan thirc vl hien mau tinh nguyen d ddi tucTiig nghien cim
~~~ —__^_^ Doi tu'dng Mii'c do nhan thiirc^" ~—-___
Oay dii (%) Han che (%) Kem (%)
Tru'dc can thiep (n
= 347) 21,9 40,9 37,2
Sau can thiep (n = 347)
89,0 7,2 3,8
P
< 0,01
<0,01
<0,01
Ket qua tai Bang 5 cho thay: ty lc ngudi cd nhan thiic day dii ve HMTN tang tir 21,9%
len 89,0%; t> le ngudi cd nhan thirc ban chi giam tir 40,9% xudng 7,2%; ty le ngudi cd nhan thuc kem giam tu 37.2% xudng 3,8% trudc sau can thiep. Nhirng sy khac biet nay cd y nghia thdng ke vdi p < 0,01 nhmig khdng cd sy khac biet giira 2 ca quan nghien cuu vdi p >
0,05. Sy thay ddi rd net \ e mirc dp nhan thirc ciia ddi tupng trudc va sau khi can thiep md hinh da phan anh hieu qua cao ciia cdng tac tuyen truyen van ddng HMTN tai cac ca quan dugc lya chpn nghien cuu.
Bang 6. Sy thay ddi thai dp \ e biln mau tinh nguyen d ddi tugng nghien cuu Doi tu'dng
Thai do Dung dan (%)
Chya diinq dan (%)
Tieu eye (%)
Tru'dc can thiep (n = 347)
24,8
62,0 13,2
Sau can thiep (n = 347)
93,1 6,3 0,6
<0,01
<0,01
<0,01
v - y , - ^ l\JJ I ' • • ' / — I ZU.Z 1 •
Kit qua tai Bang 6 cho thay: ty le ngudi cd thai dp dung vl HMTN tang tir 24,8% len 93,1%; ty le nguoi cd thai dp chua dung din vl HMTN giam tir 62,0% xudng cdn 6,3%; ty le ngudi cd thai do tieu eye vl HMTN giam tir 13,2% xuong cdn 0,6% trudc sau can thiep md hinh. Nhimg sy khac biet nay cd y nghTa thong ke vdi p < 0,01 nhung khdng cd sy khac biet giiia 2 ca quan nghien cuu vdi p > 0,05.
Bang 7. Sy thay ddi hanh vi tham gia hiln mau tinh nguyen d ddi tugng nghien cuu
Doi tu'dng Ty le hien mau
Ty le ngu'di chua tiihg HMTN (%) Ty le ngu'di HMTN lan dau (%) Ty le ngu'di HMTN nhac lai (%)
Tru'dc can thiep (n
= 347)
96,2
JJL
0,6
Sau can thiep (n = 347)
55,3 23,7
21,0
<0,01
<0,01
<0,01 Kit qua tai Bang 7 cho thdy: ty le ngudi HMTN i k dau va HMTN nhac lai lan lugt la 3,2% va 0,6%'truac can thiep tang len Idn lugt la 23,7% va 21,0% sau can thiep; ty le ngudi chua timg HMTN giam tir 96,2% trudc can thiep xuong cdn 55,3% sau can thiep. Nhung sy khac biet nay cd y nghia thdng ke vdi p < 0,01 nhung khdng cd sy khac biet giira 2 ca quan nghien cuu vdi p > 0,05.
HQI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C LAN TH(J N H A T vg VAN D Q N G HI^'N M A U TINH NGUYgN
Bang 8. Sy tliay ddi hanh vi vim dpng hicn mau tinh nguypn d ddi tugng nghien cim
~~~——-~_____^^ Doi tu'dng Hanh vi — ~ ^
Cd van ddng ngydi khac HMTN (%) Chya tirng van ddng ngydi khac HMTN
(%)
Tru'dc can thif p (n
= 347) 4,4 95,6
Sau can thiep (n = 3 4 7 )
51,6 48,4
P
<0,01
<0,01
KII qua tai Bang 8 cho thay: ty Ip ngudi cd van dpng ngudi khac tham gia HMTN tir 4.4% tang len 51,6%; ngugc lai, ty Ip nguiri chua timg van dpng ngudi khac tham gia HMTN giam tir 95,6% xuiing cdn 48,4% trudc .sau can thipp. Nhung sy khac biet nay cd y nghia thong ke vdi p<0,01 nhung khdng cd .sir khac bipt giira 2 ca quan nghien cuu vai p > 0,05.
3. Danh gia l<ct qua trien khai mo hinh phat trien nguon ngudi HMTN trong cc quan HCSN tai tinh Phu Thp
E
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
>ang 9. Danh gia ket qua trien khai i
Tieu chuiin
Thanh lap dydc BCO van dpng HMTN do lanh dao cd quan lam Trydng ban
Thanh lap du'dc cac dpi, cau lac bp tinh nguyen vien HMTN
Ty le ngydi trong dp tuoi hien mau dang ky HMTN trong nam (2009) dat tdi thieu 30%
Ty le ngydi trong dp tuoi hien mau tham gia HMTN trong n3m (2009) dat tdi thieu 10%.
Ty le hien mau nhac lai trong nSm (2009) dat toi thieu 30%.
Ty le OVM thu gom dMc dat tieu chuan diat ludng ta thieu 95%
Ddnh gia chung
nd hinh t^i 02 ca quan LDXH Tieu
chuan Cd
Cd
30%
10%
30%
> 95%
Ket qua Cd
Cd
44,8%
27,3%
42,6%
96,00
%
Danh gia Oat
Oat
Oat
Oat
Oat
Oat
Dat
VHTT Tieu
chuan Cd
Cd
30%
10%
30%
> 95%
Ket qua Cd
Cd
44,6%
33,7%
49,2%
98,0%
Dan hgia Oat
Oat
Oat
•
Oat
Oat
Oat
Dat __
Kit qua tai Bang 9 cho thay: so sanh vdi cac tieu chudn dk ra, ca Sa LDXH va VHTT dSu dat 6/6 tieu chuan; 2 ca quan diu dugc danh gia la "dat"
Y HOC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SOOAC BI$T/2011
IV. KET LUAN khac tham gia HMTN tang lir 4,4% len 1. Thirc trang nhan thirc, thai do va 51,6%.
hanh vi ve hien mau nhan dao ciia can bp, So sanh vdi cac tieu chuan de ra ciia cong nhan vien thuoc tinh Phii Thp: md hinh, ca 2 ca quan tham gia nghien cim
Da sd CBCNV chua hilu bilt dhy du deu cd 6/6 tieu chuan dat yeu cau.
vl HMIN: ty le ddi tugng nhan thiic dSy du
chi chilm 21,9%; nhan thirc ban cbi chilm V. KIEN NGHI.
40,9% va nhan thiirc kem chilm 31.2%. 1. Tdng Lien doan Lao ddng Viet Nam - Ty le CBCNV cd thai dp dung ddn vc can cd van ban chi dao hang nam tdi cac cap HMTN chi chiem 24.8%, thai dp chua diing ddng vien CBCNV tich eye tham gia hudng dan chiem tdri 62,0%o va thai dp tieu eye ve ung phong trao HMTN.
HMTN chilm 13.2%. 2. Tinh iiy, UBND Tinh cd Chi thi vl - Cd 96,2% CBCNV chua timg HMTN cdng tac van ddng HMTN nham cbi dao, va 95,6% chua timg van ddng nguai khac ddng vien CBCNV, ddng dao cac cap, cac tham gia HMTN. nganh, cac doan the va ddng dao cac tang ldp 2. Ket qua rod hinh phat trien nguon nhan dan quan tam hudng ung phong trao ngucri hien mau tinh nguyfn trong khoi ca HMTN.
quan hanh chmh sir nghifp tai tinh Phii 3. Triln khai nghien cuu danh gia sau Thp: hon vl hieu qua cdng tac dao tao tinh nguyen
Cd sy thay doi rd ret nhan thuc, thai dp vien; xac dinh cac ndi dung thdng tin, kenh va hanh vi vl HMTN truac va sau can thiep truyin thdng cd vai trd quylt dinh din bieu md hinh: nhan thiic dky du tang tix 21,9% len qua thay ddi nhan thuc, thai dp va hanh vi 89,0%; thai do diing tang tir 24,8% len cua CBCNV; md rdng nghien curu dugc d 93,1%; ty le nguai HMTN lan ddu tang tir cac ddi tugng khac la CBCNV d ngoai dia . 3,2% len 23,7%; ty le nguoi HMTN nhac lai ban TP. Viet Tri.
tang hr 0,6% len 21,0%); ty le van ddng ngudi