CHIEN UtaC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THlfaNG MAI
TANG Cl/aNG HOAT DONG XUC TIEN THl/ONG MAI NHAM PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU BEN VO^NG MAT HANG THUY SAN
CilA VIET NAM DEN NAM 2020
TS. Le Huy Khoi, Vim Nghien ciru Thuong mai Thuy san Id ngdnh co dong gop l&n trong phat trien Idnh te cua dat nuac. Trong thai gian qua, ngdnh thuy san Viet Nam dd gat hdi dugc nhirng thdnh tuu to lan. Tuy nhien, hien nay ngdnh thdy san vdn dang phdi duang dau v&i nhirng kho khdn, thach thuc,... Be xuat khau thuy san tiep tuc phat trien mgt each ben vimg, cdn phdi co su hgp sire vd no lire tie nhieu phia, trong do co sir dong gop dgc biet tic hogt dgng xuc tien thuang mai (XTTM) a tdt cd cdc cap do, tir quoc gia, dia phuang, hiep hoi den doanh nghiep.
Tu* khoa: Thity san; Xuat khau ben vimg: Xiic tien thuang mgi.
1. Thu-c t r a n g boat d$ng XTTM nganh t h u y s^n thM gian q u a
Nganh thuy san Viet Nam dat d u g c nhiing thanh tiiu to Idn tren mpt phan la do cong tac xiic tien thuang mai trong nhiing nam qua da khong ngung co gang tren ca nhieu cap dp, ca quoc gia, dia p h u a n g ciing nhu hiep hpi va doanh nghiep.
- Xuc tien thuang mgi a cdp quoc gia:
Xuc tien t h u a n g mai co vai tro quan trong trong khau tieu thu san pham. Trong thdi gian qua, Nha n u d e da thuc hi?n nhieu bien phap nham thuc day hoat dpng xiie tien thuang mai doi vdi thuy san, tao dieu kien tim kiem dau ra cho thuy san. Hang nam, Bp T h u a n g mai (nay la Bp Cong T h u a n g ) , da ban hanh C h u a n g trinh xuc tien t h u a n g mai quoc gia, trong do nganh thuy san la mpt trong nhiing nganh dugc uu tien ve kinh phi cho hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai. Cong tac xuc tien thuang mai tap trung vao cac hoat dpng quang ba hinh anh cho san pham thiiy san Viet Nam, to chiic eac dgt XTTM vao cac thi trudng quan trpng nhu: to chiic cac ho^t dpng XTTM tai cae thi trudng EU, Nga, Dubai, sau do la cac thi trudng EU, M y . . . ; to chiic cac doan di khao sat thi tnrdng tai cac n u d e n h u Thai Lan, Trung Quoc, Ma Cao, Han Quoc, Tay Ban Nha de tim kiem va
m a rpng thi trudng xuat khau; mua cac tap chi, sach bao thuang mai va trang thiet bi phuc vu cong tac xiic tien thuang mai; ho trg cac doanh nghiep tham gia cac hpi chg quoc te, xay dung c a sd dij lieu thong tin dien tii ve cac thi trudng,...
- (7 cdp do doanh nghiep: hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai d cap dp cac doanh nghiep da dugc cac co quan quan ly va cac doanh nghiep che bien thuy san quan tam tii nhiing nam 1998 va 1999. Sau do, tu nhung nam 2004, sau sy kien chong ban pha gia torn Viet N a m , Bp Thuy san {nay la Bp NN&PTNT) da yeu c^u cac dia p h u a n g , cac tong cong ty can tao dieu kien de cac doanh nghiep true thupc chu dpng thyc hien xiic tien t h u a n g mai, m d rpng thi trudng xuat khau. Npi dung thuc hien xiic tign t h u a n g mai duge xac dinh gom: thong tin thuang mai; quang cao va tuyen truyen ve san pham thiiy san Viet Nam; lap trung tam du lieu ho trg doanh nghiep; tu van xuat khau; dao tao nang cao nang luc va ky nang kinh doanh xuSt khau cho doanh nghiep; tham gia cac hpi chg trign lam hang thuy san; khao sat, tim k i l m thi trudng; xay dung va quang ba t h u o n g hieu quoc gia ve thuy san; nghien ciiu ling dung phat trien t h u a n g mai dien t u phiic vu x u i t khau.
NGHIEN CCrU THU'aNG MAI So 10 (8/2014) 1
CHIEN LlTOC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THUOWG MAI
- XiiC tien thuang mgi cua cdc to chirc vd Hiep hgi: Tu sau vu kien ca ba sa, vai tro cua Hiep hpi Chl bi^n va Xuat khau thiiy san Viet Nam (VASEP) cang trd nen quan trpng doi vai cac doanh nghiep nganh thtiy san. VASEP vai vai tro la dai dien cua cac doanh nghiep che bien va xuat khau thuy san da tich cue ho trg ve Thong tin thuang mai, tuyen truyen quang ba xuat khau san pham thuy san cho cac doanh nghiep bang each dat mua thudng xuyen 6 mang dien tu, 7 an pham bao, tap chi chuyen nganh thuang mai thuy san quoc te,... To chiic cho cac doanh nghiep thuy san Viet Nam tham du Hpi chg quoc te hang thuy san, dac biet la hpi chg dupe to chiic d cac thi trudng mdi nhu:
Tay Nam chau Phi (gom cac nude: Angola, Namibia, Nam Phi), day la thi trudng mdi ciia thuy san Viet Nam. Phoi hgp to chiic thanh cong cac hpi cha trien lam quoc te cho nganh thuy san Viet Nam. To chiic dao tao ky nang marketing tai hpi chg thuy san quoc te va nang cao ky nang khai bao thu tuc hai quan hang xuat khau. Mdi ca quan truyen thong nude ngoai vao Viet Nam tham va viSt bai tuyen truyen cho thuy san Viet Nam va t6 chiic hpi thao gidi thieu ve thuy san Viet Nam; xay dung va phat trign thuang hieu thiiy san Viet Nam;
dao tao nang cao nang luc canh tranh cho cac doanh nghiep thuy san Viet Nam; dao tao ve thuang mai dien tii va cac ling dung trong doanh nghiep.
Mac dii da gat hdi dugc nhirng thdnh cong ke tren. hogt dgng XTTM ngdnh thuy san vdn con rat nhieu kho khdn, hgn che can flip tiic khac phuc trong thai gian tai. C« the:
Nang luc xay dung cac dk an xiic tiSn thuang mai ciia hau het cac dan vi con sa sai, thieu thong tin, luan cii, chua sat thuc ti nhu cku doanh nghiep. Cac de an thudng chi tap trung vao npi dung xiic tien thuang mai truySn thong, ngin han, chua co chuang trinh dai han, gin kk vdi hiep hpi thuy san dk hinh thanh ehuong trinh xiic tien thuang mai mang tim ca quoc gia, kinh phi khong sat thuc t6, luon chenh lech giGa kinh phi quylt toan vdi kinh
phi dugc duyet (thudng it han); Kinh phi con kha it, nang tinh bao cap, nen hieu qua khong cao. Tham gia hpi chg d nude ngoai con rit nhi^u han che, the hien thieu nghiem tiic, nhilu doan tham gia hpi chg vdi tu tudng di bang
"tien chua" nen di chai la chii yeu; Nhung chuang trinh xiic tien thuang mai khac nhu xay dung ca sd ha tang cho xiic tien thuang mai, dao tao nhan luc, tu van xuat khau, quang ba chung cho thuang hieu quoc gia, san pham xuat khau con rat it va rat cham; Cac hoat dpng xuc tien thuang mai cap doanh nghi?p con han che ve noi dung, quy mo nho va so lupng doanh nghiep tham gia chua nhieu; Chua chii dpng nghien ciiu phat trien san pham, dac biet la san pham gia tri gia tang, phii hgp vai thi hilu tieu dung cua tiing thi trudng. Cong tac thdng tin, dubao con han chl.
Nhirng hgn che tren bdt nguon tie nhiing nguyen nhdn chuyen sau: Chua c6 chien lupc tong the cho boat dpng xiic tien thuang mai d ca cap Bp, nganh, dia phuang. Lye lugng can bp lam cong tac xiic tien thuang mai viia thilu, viia chua c6 kinh nghiem. Nguon thong tin con han che do hau het cac dan vi, dia phuong, hiep hpi nganh hang thieu hgp tac trong viec cung cap thong tin thudng xuyen vl thuang mai nong san: gia ca, thi trudng... Kinh phi danh cho xiic tien thuang mai con rit han hep;
he thong cac van ban quy pham phap luat, van ban hudng dan ve thuc hien va su dung kinh phi cho hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai con nhieu bat cap. Viec xay dyng ke hoach xiic tien thuang mai hang nam van con kha bi dpng, thilu tinh chu dpng; ehua co nhilu kinh nghiem trong viec to chiic eae hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai mpt each bai ban, mang tinh chuyen nghiep, di vao chieu sau. Hiu hit cac doanh nghiep ciia nganh co quy mo vua va nho, tai chinh han hep nen kho khan trong vi?c tham gia cac boat dpng xiic tiin thuang mai.
Chua CO su phii hgp tieh cue giira Hiep hpi vdi CO quan xuc tien thuang mai eiia nganh dan den hieu qua cua hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai chua cao.
2 NGHIDN CO-U THU'CyNG MAI S6 10 (8/2014)
CHIEN L U O C VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THUOI^G M A I
2. Dinh hir6iig tang cvrimg XTTM nham phat trien bin vung nganh thuy san trong thM gian tdi
Thir nhat, hoat dpng XTTM nganh thiiy san can dugc thuc hien mpt each h? thong va chii dpng trong giai doan tdi, can co nhiing dinh hudng chien luge dai ban ciing nhu su chu dpng ve nguon luc ho trg cho boat dpng xiic tien thuang mai nganh thuy san.
Thii: hai, can tap trung nguon luc cho cong tac thong tin va dy bao thi tnrdng, bdi day chinh la "cho dua" cho cac doanh nghiep va nha san xuat cung nhu nha quan ly nham nam bat kip thdi dien bien thi trudng Va co chi dao, de xuat, xii ly phu hgp trudc cac bien dpng cua thi tnrdng trong va ngoai nude.
Thic ba, xay dimg chien luge XTTM nganh thtiy san can dugc lam mpt each bai ban vdi su tham gia ciia cac cong ty tiep thi da qu6c gia vl nghien ciiu thj trudng, quang ba va dac bi^t la su kiem soat chat che toan bp cac khau trong chuli san xuat.
Thie tu, tang cudng tham gia vao cac hgi chg trien lam thiiy san d nude ngoai. Lira chpn nhiing hpi chg xiic tien thuang mai chuyen nganh, CO uy tin, phii hgp vdi san phim, nang luc san xuat, kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep thiiy san Viet Nam;
Thu ndm, tang cudng to chiic doan doanh nghiep nude ngoai vao Vi?t Nam giao dich mua hang. Phoi hgp chat che vdi cac Thuang vu Viet Nam tai nude ngoai, tang cudng ban niia hieu qua cong tac tuyen truyen quang ba, thu hiit van dpng duge eac doanh nghiep nude ngoai phii hgp den gap ga, lam viec vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam.
Thie sau, tang cudng hoat dpng to chiic hpi nghi quoc te nganh hang xuat khiu thiiy san tai Viet Nam.
3. Mgt so giai phap tang cirdng hoat dpng XTTM do! \&i thuy san xuit khau
Nhom cdc gidi phdp vimo:
- Xay dung va hoan thien thi chl lien quan din hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai: Xay dyng va hoan thien cac van ban phap luat co lien quan
nham tao cho boat dpng xiic tiin thuang mai dugc tien hanh thudng xuyen va hieu qua d cac doanh nghiep thupc mpi thanh phin kinh tl, thiic day phat trien manh viec mua ban hang thuy san.
Ben canh do, can tang cudng cong tac kiem tra, giam sat va danh gia tinh hinh thyc hien cac chuang trinh dugc phe duyet dl nim bit thong tin tli nhieu chieu de co hudng xu ly kip thdi, nang cao hieu qua su dung ngan sach nha nude, dong thdi lam ca sd cho viec xem xet phe duyet chuang trinh xiic tien thuang mai quoc gia trong nhiing nam tiep theo.
- Tang cudng cac giai phap de phat trien thi trudng va san pham. Huang dan va hi trg eac doanh nghiep dang ky thuang hieu hang hoa, coi trpng cong tac quang ba san pham nhim diy manh tieu thu npi dia va xuat khau. Thiet lap cac van phong dai dien thuang mai ciia Viet Nam d nuac ngoai tim kiem doi tac kinh doanh. Xay dung va to chiic mang ludi thong tin qudc gia nham dap ling yeu cau ve thong tin thuang mai hang thuy san cho doanh nghiep.
- Tang cudng nguon luc tai chinh cho hoat dgng xiic tien thuang mai. Thyc hien chinh sach xa hgi hoa dau tu boat dpng xiic tien thuang mai.
Dau tu tryc tiep cho hoat dpng xiic tiin thuang mai theo huang phat trien nhiing san pham xuat khau chien luge. Doi mdi cac ca che va chinh sach nham khuyen khieh cac doanh nghiep tang cudng chi phi cho hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai. Khuyen khich cac to chiic ca nhan trong va ngoai nude thanh lap cac quy xiic tiin thuong mai. Tang cudng hgp tac quoc te trong ITnh vuc xiic tien thuang mai...
- Phat trien nguon nhan luc eho boat dgng xiic tiin thuang mai. Tang cudng lire lugng can bp xiie tien thuang mai co dii kiln thiie ea ban ve kinh te thi trudng, ve quan he kinh te qudc tl, thuang mai quoc te; ky nang chuyen mon vl nghiep vu kinh doanh, co trinh dp ngoai ngir...
Ap dung cac nguyen tac tien tien trong quan ly nguon nhan lire trong ITnh vuc xiic tiin thuang mai nganh thuy san. Tang cudng cong tac hi trg nang cao nang luc cho cac hiep hpi nganh hang, cac to chiic xiie tien thuang mai dia phuang.
NGHIEN CCrU THU'aNG MAI So 10 fR/2014^ _^
CHIEN LUOC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THUONG MAI
- Tang cuang ca sd ha tang ky thuat phuc vu cong tac xiic tiin thuang mai. Uu tien diu tu phat triln ca sd ha ting cho thuang mai dien tii phuc vu cong tac xiic tiin thuang mai nganh thiiy san. Tap trung diu tu xay dung cac hung tam thuang mai thuy san, trung tam hgi chg trien lam, cac sd giao dich hang hang thuy san d cac vung trgng dilm trong nude. Nang cap, cai thien dilu kien ca sd vat chit ky thuat phuc vu hoat dpng xiic tiin thuang mai nganh thuy san.
- Xay dung va hoan thien he thong mang luai to chiic xiic tiin thuang mai nganh thuy san tren pham vi ca nude. Can xac dinh ro chiic nang, nhiem vu ciia tung bp phan trong mang ludi, lay hgp tac va canh tranh la ca sd nen tang dl hinh thanh va phat trien mang ludi.
Nhom cdc gidi phdp vi mo:
- Doanh nghiep can tranh thu su ho try cua Chinh phu, cua cac to chiic quoc te... de tang cudng boat dgng xiic tien thuang mai cua doanh nghiep; Thudng xuyen c6 su trao doi, phan hoi ve nhiing kho khan, vudng mac trong viec thuc hien cac quy dinh phap luat cua Nha nuac ve hoat dgng xiic tien thuang mai.
- Chii trgng den viec xay dung, bao ve va phat trien thuang hieu. Tang cudng cong tac nghien ciiu thi trudng; Tang cudng gidi thieu, quang ba cho san pham cua minh thong qua cac hgi chg, trien lam quoc te; Chu trgng dao tao nguon nhan lire.
- Xay dung ke hoach kinh phi cho hoat dgng xiic tien thuang mai hang nam; Tang cudng boat dgng lien kit, hgp tac vdi cac doanh nghiep khac ca trong va ngoai nude trong viec phii hop thuc hien hoat dgng xiic tiin thuang mai nham tilt kiem chi phi; Tranh thu su dau tu cua Nha nude trong cac Chuang trinh xiic tien thuang mai quoc gia.
Moi doanh nghiep cin c6 bp phan/phong/ban xiic tiin thuang mai chuyen nghiep vdi ngudn nhan luc c6 chuyen mon sau, dua cac kl hoach, chuang trinh xiic tiin thuang
mai vao thuc te. Doanh nghiep thuy san cin tranh thii su ho trg ciia cac Hiep hgi de thyc hien hoat dpng xiic tien thuang mai doi vai cac san phim, hang boa ciia doanh nghiep. •
Tai li@u tham khao
1. Nguyen Thi Nhieu, Le Huy Khoi (2008), Xay dung Chuang trinh xiic tien thuang mai ciia nganh Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon giai doan 2009 - 2015 va dinh huang din nam 2020; dl tai cap Bp do Vien Nghien ciiu Thuang mai chu tri.
2. Quylt dinh s6 123/2008/QD- Ttg ngay 8/9/2008 cua Thii tudng Chinh phii vl viec H6 tra thuc hien cac Chuang trinh quoc gia vl XTTM;
3. Quylt dinh s6 2423/QD-BNN-CB ngay 11/8/2008 cua Bp trudng Bp Nong nghiep va PTNT ve viec dieu chinh va bo sung nhiem vu XTTM nam 2008;
4. Quylt dinh sl 72/2010/QD-TTg ngay 15 thang 11 nam 2010 cua Thu tuang Chinh phii ve viec ban hanh Quy che xay dyng, quan ly va thuc hien Chuang trinh xiic tien thuang mai quoc gia;
5. Quylt dinh s6 2310/QD-BNN-CB ngay 04 thang 10 nam 2011 ciia Bg Nong nghiep ve viec Phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien che bien thuy san toan quoe den nam 2020;
6. Quylt dinh 1445/QD-TTg ciia Thu tuang Chinh phii, nam 2013 ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien nganh thiiy san Viet Nam din nam 2020, tim nhin din 2030;
7. Bao cao tong ket hang nam ciia Cue Xiic tien thuang mai - Bp Cong Thuang;
8.Tong cue Hai quan :wv™'. customs, gov. vn;
9. Tong cue Thong ke: www.gso.gov.vn.
4 NGHIEN cm THircyNG MAI S6 10 (8/2014)
