NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCK
Giai phap ap dung ma vach hai chieu (QR Code) trong thanh toan ciroc van tai hanh khach bang taxi
tren dia ban Ha Noi
Mai Thi Trang
Khoa Van tai - Kinh te, Dai hoc Giao thong Vdn tai
Xu hudng thanh toan mdi trong thdi dai cdng nghe la thanh toan khdng tign mat trgn eac trng dyng ciia dien thoai thdng minh. Nhdm nang eao khd nang eanh tranh, tigp edn dupe xu hudng eiia thdi dai, tdi da hda trai nghigm cho khach hang cdc hang taxi trgn dja ban Ha Ndi ngn ap dung ma vach hai chigu (QR code) trong thanh todn eudc van tai hanh khach bang taxi trgn dia ban Ha Ndi. Bai bap da phan tieh thye trang thanh toan cudc taxi ndi ehung, phan tieh thye trang eae ygu td anh hudng dgn dgn vige ap dyng QR code vao thanh toan cudc taxi cua cac hang taxi va cua khach hang. Tren co sd dd, bai bao danh gia thuc trang, chi ra nguyen nhan ddn dgn QR code ehua dupe ap dung manh mg trong thanh tpan cude taxi, tfr dd dg xudt mdt sd giai phap nhdm ap dung ma vach hai chigu vao thanh toan cudc taxi.
1. Dat van Se
Cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 dang dign ra ddi hdi cac doanh nghigp cdn img dyng cdng nghe de nang cao canh tranh, dac biet la mang lai an toan va tien Ipi ehp khach hang trong viec thanh toan. Khi sir dyng djch vu van tai hanh khach bdng taxi, khi thanh toan bang tign mat khach hang thudng gap phai cac van dg khd khan nhu khdng c6 tien le, khdng mang du tign mat,... Hoac khach thanh toan bdng the tin dyng, thg ghi no gap phai van dg trd ngai nhu may quet thg bj Idi, may quet thg khdng tich hpp thg cua mdt sd ngan hang,... Ben eanh do, Nha nude ciing dang khuygn khich giam thanh toan bang tien mat, tau thdi quen thanh todn khdng dting tign mat eho khach hdng. Tuy nhien, d eae doanh nghiep ndi chung va cac doanh nghiep eung cap dich vu van tai hanh khaeh bang taxi lai rat it ap dung hinh thiie thanh toan cudc bdng QR code va hien nay ehua cd nghien cthi de dua ra giai phdp phdt trign hinh thiie thanh toan eude van tai bdng QR code trong van tai hanh khach bdng taxi nham giup khaeh hang ed thg sir dyng ma QR code de thanh toan an toan, higu qua va tien loi khi sii dung dich vy vdn ehuyen. Vi vdy, tiep ndi nhtrng nghign ciiu trude dd vg hinh thiie thanh todn bdng QR code, hudng nghign ciiu nhdm de xudt eac giai phap ap dyng ma vach hai chieu (QR code) trong thanh toan cirdc van tai hanh khach bang taxi trgn dia ban Ha Ndi la can thiet trong bd'i canh hien nay, gdp phdn thiie day thuc hien muc tigu chung ciia cd nude.
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2. Thuc trang thanh toan cirec van tai trong van tai hanh khach bang taxi tren dja ban Ha Noi
2.1. Thuc trang cung edp cac hinh thtic thanh toan cua cac hang taxi
Nhdm khao sat da tign hanh thii nghiem, phdng vdn, trap doi vdi cdc tai xe va phan tich cac tai ligu trgn cac trang web cua cac hang taxi, ket qua khao sdt va phan tich vg hinh thiic thanh toan ma cde hang taxi sir dung nhu sau:
Qua kgt qua khao sat d 11 hang taxi tai Ha Ndi, trong dd cd 10 hang taxi tmyen thdng va 1 hang taxi edng nghe. Tcixi Mai Linh la hang taxi Idn ed uy tin va cung cap nhigu hinh thtre thanh toan eude taxi nhdt eho khaeh hang. Cdc hang tcixi nhu Group, G7, Long Bign... eung edp eho khdch hang cae hinh thirc thanh toan phd bien hay dupc sir dyng nhu tign mat, thg ngan hang, the ddng thuong higu... Grab taxi Id taxi cdng nghe dang phat trign tren thi trudng hien nay, hang khuygn khieh khach hang thanh toan qua ting dung gpi xe cdng nghe Grab cila hang, trgn ung dung nay cd tich hpp ma QR code va khach hang dupc hudng nhieu khuygn mai khi sii dung hinh thiie thanh toan nay.
Tien mat la hinh thiic thanh todn phd bign va ehii yg'u ma hang taxi nao cung cung cap (ty le 100%).
Voucher taxi va thg ddng thuong higu do cac hang taxi phat hanh danh chp khdch hang; hang taxi nao eung c6 mgnh gia voucher rigng ban eho khaeh hang. K^ hpp ddng vdi cac doanh nghigp se tao cho doanh nghiep luong khach hang on djnh nen hdu het cae hang deu
cung cap. Vdi hinh thiic thanh toan qua the ngan hang thi trgn xe ciia tai xg can cai dat cac may POS; da sd cac hang taxi eung dua ra each thtre thanh toan nay vi hign nay the ATM hay the tin dung dupe khach hang sii dung nhieu. Cac hinh thiic thanh todn edn lai nhu thanh todn qua ling dyng mign pfii, thanh toan qua app ciia hang taxi chua dupc cung cap nhieu.
2.2. Su anh hudng ciia tai xg dgn vige dp dung QR code vao thanh toan cudc taxi ciia hang taxi
Tai xg taxi la ngudi true tigp thue hien cung cap dich vy van chuygn eho khach hang va cting la ngudi true tigp thue hien giao dich thanh todn eudc phi vdi khach hang. Vi vay, thai dd cua tai xe taxi se anh hudng rdt Idn dgn viec khaeh hang sii dyng hinh thtre thanh todn taxi nao.
Theo ke't qud khao sdt, 100% hang taxi hien nay sii dung QR code cua hang trong thanh toan eude taxi, ehua sir dyng QR code ca nhan nen tai xe' ciing chi nhan thdy mire dd tien loi d QR code ciia hang
Lpi ich cdt Idi ciia thanh toan bang QR code dd'i vdi tai xe: Cae tai xe deu cho rang thanh toan bang QR code khdng tign lpi hon eae hinh thiie thanh toan khac (digm tmng binh 2.21 thupe nhdm khdng ddng y). So sdnh giiia QR code vdi tien mat thi cdc tai xe deu dong y rang viec thanh toan bang QR code gitip ban che nii ro khi thanh toan bdng tign mat (digm tmng binh 3.68 thudc nhdm ddng y). Lpi ich eiia QR code vg tig't kigm thdi gian cac tdi xe khdng ddng y quan digm nay (diem tmng binh 2.24 thudc nhdm khdng dong y).
cae ygu td tde ddng den viec ap dung thanh tpan bang QR code: Tai xe cd thg hudng dan khdch hang thanh toan bang QR code thanh thao (digm tmng binh 3.87 thudc nhdm ddng y). Cdc tai xg chia se viec thanh toan bang QR code vdi eac bude cting don gian, de su dung ngn hdu hgt tai xe nao eung biet each thanh toan va hudng ddn cho khaeh hang. Digu kien vg cdng nghg trgn taxi nhu ma QR code dan d nhtrng vi tri thuan lpi, digu kien vg phu sdng wifi dn dinh tren taxi dg phyc vu cho vige thanh toan bang QR code d cac hang dupc danh gia tdt (digm tmng binh 3.62 thudc nhdm ddng y).
Thai dd ciia tai xg vdi vige ap dyng thanh todn cudc taxi bdng QR code ciia hang: Cae tai xg khong khuygn khich khach hang sir dung QR code dg thanh toan (digm tmng binh 2.41 thupe nhdm khdng dong y) chii ygu do tinh loi leh ca nhan ciia tai xg. Vi vay eac tai xg cOng khdng ung hd viec cae hang taxi ngn sir dyng QR code trong thanh toan (digm tmng binh 2.41 thudc nhdm khdng ddng y).
2.3. Thuc trang thanh toan cude vdn tai hanh khach bang taxi ciia khach hang
Ddi tuong khach hang khao sat la nhtrng ngudi cd dp tudi 19 dgn 50 tudi vdi thu nhap tmng binh khd trd Ign nhu eae thdy cd d cac trudng dai hoc, nhan vien
van phdng, nhan vign kinh doanh... Do eac hang taxi mdi chi cung edp thanh todn cudc taxi bdng QR code eiia hang ngn khaeh hang ehi biet den hinh thirc thanh toan bang QR code eua hang.
Miic dd sir dung hinh thiic thanh todn eude taxi:
Khi sir dyng d|eh vy taxi, khach hang van thanh toan bang tien mat (100%) theo thdi quen, iing dyng cua hang taxi (38.69%) do khaeh hang di tcixi edng nghe nhigu, thigt bi thanh todn POS trgn xe (34.54%) do the ngan hang dang dupc sir dyng nhieu; iing dyng thanh toan mign phi (33.11%) nhuvi momo, moca... danh eho khach hang nhigu uu dai vg gia. QR code vdi tdn sudt sir dung 17.05% do so lupng cae hang eung edp dich vy thanh tpan qua QR code cdn it, hoac cd cung cap d taxi edng nghg nhung tai xg khdng khuygn khich khach hang thanh toan...
Mite dp ygu thich hinh thirc thanh toan eude taxi:
Tien mat (74.43%) van dupc khach hang yeu thich khi thanh tpan eirdc taxi do thdi quen tigu diing tign mat va quan ly tign mat; QR code (64.37%) do hien nay cac hang cd uu dai; thigt bj thanh toan POS trgn xe (49.84%); ling dyng thanh toan mign phi (62.95%) dupe khach hang yeu thich do khaeh hang nhan dupc nhieu khuygn mai giam gia. Cac hinh thiic khac nhu the ddng thuong hieu, ky hpp ddng, voucher taxi khdng dupe yeu thich vi tinh khdng phd bien va khdng tien lpi eiia nd.
Dg ed thg thanh toan bdng QR code thi hang taxi phai cung edp ma QR cho khach hang, ddng thdi phai cung edp wifi cho khaeh hang nhung viec cung edp wifi vdi tde dd nhanh dg khdch hang thanh toan cdn han ehg (digm tmng binh 2.81 thudc nhdm tmng lap).
Cdc khach hang hau het deu sii dung dign thoai thdng minh, nhung sii dung mang 3G, 4G thi cdn bi ban che do anh hudng dg'n thu nhap (digm tmng binh 3.32 thupe tmng lap). Khaeh hang cho rdng iing dung giiip thanh toan QR code de cai dat va khdng xung dot (diem trung binh 3.57 thudc ddng y). Vg he thdng trp giup cua QR code, khaeh hang ciing hai Idng vg he thdng nay (diem tmng binh 3,43 thudc dong y). Vg mtrc dp khuygn khich sir dyng vige thanh toan cude taxi bang QR code eua tai xe it (digm trung binh 2.01 thupe nhdm khdng dong y).
3, Danh gia thirc trang thanh toan cudc van tai bang taxi tren dja ban Ha Noi
3.1. Nhung mat dat dupc
cae hang taxi d Ha Ndi da da dang hda cac hinh thiic thanh todn cho khach hang, cd cap nhat eac hinh thirc thanh todn mdi theo sy phat trign eiia cong nghe nhu thanh todn bdng thiet bi POS, QR code..., da thye hien dao tao nhan vien, khuygn khich tdi xg trign khai ap dyng hinh thiic thanh toan mdi cho khach hang.
Khaeh hang da cd nhan biet vg cae hinh thtre thanh tpan cudc taxi mdi nhu thanh toan bdng the ngan
NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
hang, ling dyng thanh toan mien phi, QR code va thanh tpan cudc van tai hanh khach bdng taxi tren dia nhan thdy rd nhtrng tien ich cdt Idi cua cdc hinh thiic bdn Ha Ndi, cde tmng gian thanh todn va khaeh hang thanh toan mdi nhu han che nii ro tien mat, giam ehi can phai thay doi de vige md rdng ap dung ma vach phi do dupe hudng uu dai... va khdch hang se sir dung hai chieu trong thanh toan cudc van tdi hanh khach cho nhiing Idn thanh toan tigp theo. bang taxi hieu qua hon:
Higu qua ap dung thanh toan cudc taxi bdng QR Mdt la, hoan thien khudn khd phap ly va co chg code vdi doanh nghigp. Vg mat quan tri, ap dyng
thanh toan cudc taxi bdng QR cpde giiip dpanh nghiep quan ly dupe qua trinh thanh tpan giua khaeh hdng vd tai xg, de dang qudn ly doanh thu, quan ly dupe quy trinh ndp tien dinh ky ciia tai xg vg cdng ty;
gliip docinh nghigp gidm dupc sd luong nhan vien thu quy; giiip sy phdi hpp hoat ddng giiia tai xe vdi phdng tai chinh ke toan, hoat ddng gitra phdng tai ehinh kg todn vdi cac bd phan lien quan dupc de dang, hi^u qua cao. Vg mat tai ehinh, thanh toan cudc taxi bdng QR code giiip cac hang taxi cdt gidm dupc nhan sy trong vige kiem dem va thu tign tti dd tigt kigm dupe chi phi tign luong, giam chi phi van phdng va chi phi quan ly, giam chi phi thdi gian di lai, thao tde, phdi hpp giO-a tdi xg vdi thu quy.
Higu qua cua viec thanh loan cude taxi bdng QR code vdi khaeh hang: giiip khach hang tigt kigm thdi gian, giam nii ro ve tign mat hay thg ngan hang, tdi uu hda trdi nghiem cho khach hang
3.2. Nhung mat han che
Han chg ddi vdi eac hang taxi: chua ddy manh ap dung hinh thtre thanh loan eude taxi qua cdng nghe;
ehua cung cap each thanh todn bdng QR code ciia ea nhan; chua cung edp intemet mign phi tdc do cao tren taxi cho khaeh hang; chua kigm soat va kich thieh duoc tai xg khuygn khich khach hang thanh toan;
chua day manh cac bign phap kich thieh nhan thiic ciia khaeh hang vdi hinh thirc thanh toan mdi (QR code); gia eudc taxi d Ha Ndi cdn kha cao so vdi cac hinh thiic van chuygn khac nhuxe buyt, xe dm...
Han che ddi vdi khaeh hang: Khach hang sir dyng dich vu taxi edn it, thudng sii dung cho quang dudng ngan di chuygn trong ndi thanh Ha Ndi. Khaeh hang chua dupc sii dung nhieu hinh thtre thanh toan eude taxi qua QR code nen khach hang cting chua dupe trai nghigm nhigu tign ich ciia dich vu khi thanh toan cudc taxi. Dac bigt, nhan thiic eiia khaeh hang ve hinh thiic thanh todn mdi QR cpde va QR cpde ea nhan edn han che. Hdu het khach hang deu sii dyng dien thoai thdng minh nhung bi han che bdi dieu kien kg't ndi wifi, va chua higu biet nhigu vg eae trng dung cdng nghe. Ben eanh dd, thdi quen thanh tpan bdng tien mat eiia ngudi dan Ha Ndi eOng anh hudng khong nhd de'n viec thanh toan bdng QR code.
4. Giai phap ap dung ma vach hai chieu (QR Cojie) trong thanh toan cuvc van tai hanh khach bang taxi tren dja ban Ha Noi
Tir thye trang sii dyng ma vach hai chigu trong
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giam sat trong thanh toan bdng QR code. Hign dai hda cdng nghe vd cdc he thdng thanh toan eOa ngan hang va cae td chtre tmng gian thanh toSn. Nha nude cdn cung cap cdng thdng tin xac thye dO ligu eho eac ddi tupng cd lien quan nhu khaeh hang, doanh nghiep, ngan hang... Nha nude edn dua ra mdt quy chuan nhdt dinh vg dinh dang QR code trong thanh todn di ddng dg cde doanh nghiep, ngan hang, ngudi tigu diing ed the dya vao dd dg xac dinh, dg so sanh, dg danh gia cdng nghe dupc ap dung.
Hai la, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep trien khai ap dung thanh toan dien tu, thanh toan di ddng (QR code) bang each uu dai vg thug ehp hang taxi tham gia thanh toan khdng diing tign mat (QR code). Cac hang taxi sign nhd, nhd va vira nen lien kgt lai tao thanh mdt khdi thdng nhdt dg trign khai ap dung QR code vao thanh todn. Hang taxi nen trien khai dp dyng QR code ca nhan vap thanh toan. Cac budc thanh toan dgu do tai xg thye hien, khdch hang chi can cung cap ma QR ciia khach hang. Hang taxi nen cd cac bign phap tigt kigm ehi phi nhdm ha gia thanh nhdm khuygn khich khach hang sii dyng dich vu taxi nhigu.
Ba la, khde phyc tam ly e nggi khi tigp edn vdi edng nghg thanh toan mdi ciia ngudi dan bdng siic manh tap thg, siic manh eiia ea mdt edng ddng. Giup khach hang nhan thirc dupe lpi ich eiia thanh tpan eudc taxi bang QR code, dac biet lpi ich ciia QR code ca nhan qua tmyen thdng nhu tivi, website, mang xa hdi, lam cde clip tren youtube ve lpi ich khdng sii dyng tign mat, lpi ich khi thanh toan bdng QR code dg tang su nhdn bigt ciia ngudi dan, kich thieh tri td md va sy tim hieu ciia ngudi dan vdi QR code./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Trinh Thanh Huyen (2012), Phat trign thanh toan khdng dimg tign mat qua ngan hang thuong mai d Vigt Nam, Ludn an Tign si kinh te, Hpc vien tdi chinh.
Lg Hung Son, Dao Viet Long (2014), Cdng tde qudn ly nha nude vg hoat ddng kinh doanh vdn tai khdch bang taxi tai thanh phd Ha Ndi.
Ngan hang Nha nude (2016), Nghi dinh sd 43A^HN-NHNN ngay 14/07/2016, Nghj dinh vg thanh toan khdng dung tign mat.
Hiep hdi thuong mai dien tir Vigt Nam (2018), Chi sd thuong mai dign tir Vigt Nam 2018.