TAP CHI HOA HOC T. 50(2)178-1 THANG 4 NAM 2012
NGHIEN Cl>U A N H H U ' 6 ' N G C U A T R O B A Y D £ N T I N H C H A T c a HOC
VAT LIEU POLYME COMPOZIT N £ N N H I / A P O L Y E S T E KHONG NO
Bach Trgng Phdc'", Nguyen Ticn Diing^
'Trung tdm Nghien ciru I 'di li^u Polyine, Trudng Dgi hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ngi 'Trungtdm Vdt li^u him ca & llda phdm xdv dimg, Vi^n Vgl li^u xdy dimg
Den Tda sogn 19-9-2011
Abstract
Fly ash is a byproduci of coal-fuel burning process in thermal power plant. It is removed from the plant exhaust gases primarily by electrostatic precipitators, or baghouses and secondarily by scrubber systems. Fly ash is generally light tan m color and consists mostly of si It-sized and clay-sized glassy spheres. This gives fly ash a consistency somewhat like talcum powder. Fly ash is a pozzolan, a siliceous malerial which in the presence of water will react wilh calcium hydroxide at ordinary Icmpcratures to produce cemenlitious compounds. Because of its spherical shape and pozzolanic properties, fly ash is useful in cement and concrete applications. This paper shows the results of study on the effect of fly ash on mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on unsaturated polyester resin. The resuhs showed Ihat the use of fly ash increasing the mechanical strength of polymer composite materials (composite reinforced fly ash) compared to non-fly ash composites.
Keywords: Fly ash, unsaturated polyester resin, mechanical property, polymer composite materials.
1. MO DAU
Tro bay Id mdt logi xi phe thai cua cdc nhd mdy nhiet difn ddt than Ve tinh chdt vgt ly, tro bay Id bgt rat nh^, cdc hat heu het deu cd hinh cdu gan vdi silica vd kich thudc hat rdt nhd. Do cdu true hgt hinh cdu va cd dac tinh gidng xi mang, nen tro bay dugc img dyng nhieu trong cdng nghiep xi mdng, trong xay dyng, xu ly nudc thai, chat dgn khodng...[1-3]. Tgi nuoc ta, rieng nha may nhift dien Phd Lgi, tru' lugng tro xi thai ra khoang 1 trifu tdn/ndm vd du kien den nam 2015, tdng triJ lugng thdi ra ciia cdc nhd mdy nhift difn dot than len den 5 trieu tan/ndm. Ddy Id lugng phi thdi rat Idn gay trd ngai vl difn tich chira cGng nhu anh hudng tdi mdi trudng [4]. Vi vdy, vifc tim ra cdc giai phdp cdng nghf de xir ly vd img dyng tro bay Id mgt viec lam cdp bdch vd cd y nghTa. Ngoai ung dyng chii yeu trong viec phuc vy cdc cdng trinh thuy Igi, giao thdng, thiiy difn, tro bay hau nhu rat it dugc chu y trong cac llnh vuc khde.
Cong trinh nay trinh bay anh hudng cua tro bay vdi vai trd Id chdt gia cudng din tinh chat co hgc cua vdt lifu polyme compozit tren co so nhira nin polyeste khdng no.
2. THLTC NGHIEM 2,1. Nguyen lieu va hda chat
- Nhua polyeste khong no (PEKN) loai PT-WV
2508 (Hdn Qudc)
- Chdt khdi ddu metyletylxeton peroxyt (MEKP) (Han Qudc).
- Chat xiic tiln octoat coban 10%i (Nhdt Ban).
- Chat lien kit: Genoisil (GF-31) - hgp chit silan ciia hdng Wacker-Siliconer(DiJrc).
- Tro bay: thdi ra tir nhd mdy nhfi difn Pha Lai dugc cung cap bdi Cdng ty CP Sdng Dd 12 - Cao Cudng (Vift Nam).
- Bgt talc, bgt barit vd cdt thgch anh deu la san phdm logi kj thugt (Vift Nam).
2.2. Phvong phap nghien cihi
- Ty trgng cua chat long dugc xdc dinh theo tieii chuan DIN 53217 tren dyng cy ty trgng kl ERICHSEN model 290/1.
- Dg nhdt Brookfield dugc xdc djnh theo lieu chuan DIN 53018 tren nhdt kl Brookfield dang RVT.
Hdm lugng phan gel dugc xac djnh theo phuang phdp trich ly bdng axeton tren dyng cu Shoxhiet trong thdi gian 16 gid.
- Dg ben keo xac djnh theo tieu chuan ISO 572- 1993, do tren mdy [NSTRON 5582 - 100 KN
(Hoa Ky), toe dg keo mau 5 mm/phut - Do ben uon xdc djnh theo lieu chudn ISO 178 - 1993, do tren may INSTRON 5582 -100 KN
(Hoa Ky), tdc dO uon mdu 5 mm/phut.
- Dg bin va dgp Charpy xdc dinh theo lieu chuan 178
TCHH.T. 50(2), 2012
ISO 179 -1993, do tren may RADMANA (Australia), toe dg va dap 3,5 m/gidy.
- Dp ben nen xdc dinh theo tieu chudn ISO 180- 1993, do Ircn may INSTRON 5582-100 KN
(Hoa Ky), tdc dg nen 2 mm/phut.
- Thdi gian gel hda dugc xac djnh theo phuang phap [5].
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Phan tich nguyen lieu dau siir dung trong cong Irinh
3.1.1. Nhua nen polyeste khdng no
Nhua nen polyeste khdng no sir dyng Id loai nhua dang octo cd ky hifu PT-WV 2508 (Han
Bgch Trong Phiic vd cgng sir Quoc) cd dp nhdt d 20"C 0,925x 10* MPa.s, ty trgng 1.056, hdm lugng styren 42% khoi luong, chi sd axit MmgKOH/g.
3 1.2 Tro bay
Tro xi thai ra ciia Nhd mdy nhiet difn Phd Lai sau khi trdi qua cdc qud trinh xii ly nhu tuyen udt, co dac. say khd Ihu dugc tro bay ky Ihuat cd cdc dac Iinh Irinh bay Irong bang I.
Ket qua phan lich cac dgc tinh cua tro bay Nha may nhift difn Pha Lgi tren bang I cho thay ddy la logi bpt tuong ddi min, cd khdi lugng rieng nho.
Thdnh phdn chii yeu gdm cac oxit vd co, trong do chiem da sd Id SiO;, Id thdnh phdn khd tro ve mat hda hgc nen Iro bay co khd nang tgo cho vgt lieu chju dugc mai mdn, hda chat, chju nhiet....
Bang 1: Cac dgc tinh ciia Iro bay k\ ihuat Nha may nhiet difn Pha Lai STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dac tiiili Kiioi lu<?ilg rieng, g/cm' Lugng sot Ircn sang, % Do am, %
Ham liroilg mat kiii nung, % Ham lugng SiOi, % Ham lugng Fe,Oj, % Ham lugng AljOj, % Ham lugng SO3, %
Tong ham lugng kicm co hai tinh theo NaiO, % Gia trj
0.858 27,40 0,154 3,33 56,70
6,75 26,26 0,001 0,58
Phuong phap thu TCVN 4030:03 ASTM C430-96 ASTMC311-2000 ASTM C311-2000 ASTM C311-2000 ASTM C311-2000 ASTM C311-2000 ASTM C311-2000 ASTM C311-2000 3.2. Khao sat thdi ^ian gel hda vd ham luong
phan gel cda nhua nen
Doi vdi qud trinh gia cdng vdt lieu polyme compozit, mgt thdng sd rdt quan trpng phai xac djnh la thdi gian gel hda. Da sir dung MEKP ldm chdt khdi ddu de khoi mdo phdn ung trimg hgp gdc tu do nhua PEKN vdi cdc ty le thay ddi tir 0,3% den 1%
so vdi nhua nen. Qua trinh nghien cuu dugc thuc hien d nhift do phdng Kit qua khao sat anh hudng eua ham lugng xuc tdc MEKP den thdi gian gel hda va ham lugng phan gel ciia nhya PEKN dugc trinh bay trong bang 2.
Qua ket qud khdo sat nhgn thdy, vdi ty If xuc tdc MEKP dao ddng tir 0,3% din 1,0%, nhua nin polyeste khdng no PT-WV 2508 dlu cd ham lugng phan gel tuong ddi cao va thdi gian gel hda phii hgp cho qua trinh gia cdng vat lieu PC. Tir do, da lua chnn dugc chi do ddng rdn thich hgp cho logi nhtra nay nhu sau: ham lugng chdt xuc tdc MEKP 0,6%, thdi gian ddng rdn khodng 50 phut vd nhift do ddng
rdn Id nhiet dg phdng.
Bdng 2: Thdi gian gel hda va ham lugng phan gel ciia nhua PEKN'vdi ham lugng MEKP khac nhau tgi
nhift dd phdng STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ham lugng MEKP,%
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Thai gian gel hoa, phut
145 123 60 48 38 34 29 25
Ham lugng phan gel, %
91,8 92,3 95,2 96,1 96,1 95,1 94,7 94,4
TCHH, T. 50(2), 2012
3.3. Anh huong ciia ty If chat licn kit den linh chat CO hgc cOa vat lieu PC
Nhuge dicm Idn nhat ciia vdt lifu PC gia cudng bdng bgt la cd sy phan chia pha nen khd luang hgp gi&a Ciic thanh phdn. Do d6. dc tdng khd nang licp xiic giiia nen va chat gia cudng. Igo ra vgl lifu dong nhat, trong cdng trinh nay da sir dyng chat lien ket
Nghien ciru dnh hin/ng cua...
(coupling agents): Genoisil (GF-31)- hgp chat silan ciia hdng Wacker-Siliconer (Dire).
Ham lugng chat lien kit thay ddi Idn lugt tir 0%
den 2% so vdi nhya nen PEKN. Hdm lugng tro bay su dyng Id 50 phan khdi lugng (PKL) so vdi nhira licn polyeste khdng no. Anh hudng ciia chdt lien kel (Icn tinh chat co hgc ciia vgt lifu PC dugc Irinh bay tren bang 3.
Being 3 A 1 lam lugng chiit
lien ket, % 0 0,5 1,0 1.5 2.0
i h huong CLia ty I? ch<it lien ket cieu linh chat eg hgc cua vgt lieu PC Dg ben keo.
MPa 33.09 35,72 36,28 36,66 34,58
Dg ben uon, MPa 54,80 58.36 61,35 65.10 61,70
Dg ben nen, MPa 85,90 88,55 93,02 91,09 88,16
Dg ben va dap, K J / m '
2 24 2.28 2,31 2.58 2.37
Tir ket qud khdo sdt tren bang 3 nhgn thdy, chdt lien ket cd dnh hudng den tinh chat ca hgc ciia vat lifu PC. Khi cd mat chat lien ket. hau hcl cdc linh chat CO hpc cua vdt lieu deu tdng len vd dgt gid trj tdi uu khi ham lugng chat licn kel GF 31 la 1,5%, 3.4. Anh huong cua ham lugng Iro bay den linh chat Cff hoc cua vat lieu PC
Tinh chat co hpc cua vdt lieu PC khi gia cudng
bdng bgi phu thugc rat nhicu vdo khd nang tirong hgp gifra nhya nen vd bgt cung nhu vao ty le thich hgp giira chimg vdi nhau. Do dd. \'iec khao sal de tim ra ham lugng tro bay cdn su dung la rat cdn thiet.
Lugng Iro bay dugc Ihay ddi tir 30 den 100 PKL so vdi 100 PKL nhya nen polyeste khdng no. Kel qua nghien ciru dnh hudng ciia hdm lugng tro bay den tinh chdt ca hgc ciia vgt lieu PC tren co sd nhira nin polyeste khdng no ddng ran d nhiet do phong dugc trinh bdy d bdng 4.
Bang 4: Anh hudng ciia hdm lugng tro bay den tinh chdt co hgc ciia \ at lifu PC TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ham lugng tro bay, PKL
30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100
Do ben keo, MPa 29,98 35,45 36,66 39,59 31,32 23,11 28,85 31,78
Dg ben uon, MPa 63.05 63.20 65,16 70,35 66,40 63,85 61,97 62,38
Dg ben nen, MPa 82,96 83,31 88,02 102,69 97,22 88,09 104,04 101,57
Dg ben va dap, KJ/m"
2.35 2.38 2,42 2,70 2,36 2,12 2,35 2,47 Ket qud xac dinh cac tinh chat co hgc d bang 5
cho thay, khi tdng hdm lugng tro bay trong thdnh phan thi cac tinh chat ca hgc cua vat lifu cOng tdng len va dat toi uu d ham lugng 60 PKL. Nhu vgy, de phil hgp vdi cac tinh chat gia cdng (do nhdt, do chdy va dg thdm ciia hdn hgp nhua) cGng nhu dat cac gid trj ve dg ben, gid thanh san phdm, nen da chgn ham
lugng tro bay trong hdn hgp la 60 PKL cho cac nghien ciru tiep theo.
3.5. Anh hudng cua loai bgt don gia cudng khac nhau den tinh chat co hgc cua vat lieu PC
Nham so sanh vdi cac loai bgt dgn thong dyig
TCHH, T. 50(2), 2012
hay dugc sir dung trong cong nghifp son, coinpozil ... da tiln hanh lua chpn 3 bgt ddn la bgt talc, bpt barit va cdt Ihgch anh lam chat gia cudng cho nhua nen polyeste khdng no vdi cimg mgt ty If, che dg
Bgch Trgng Phuc vd cdng sir ddng ran nhu khi dp dung cho tro bay. Kcl qud khdo sat anh hudng ciia cac logi bpt dpn gia cudng den tinh chat co hgc ciia vdt lifu PC dupe trinh bdy trong bang 5.
Bang 5: Anh hudng ciia cdc loai bdt dgn gia cudng den tinh chdt co hpc ciia vat lifu PC TT
1 2 3 4
Loai bot gia cuong Cat thach anh
Talc Barit Tro bay
Kich thugc hgt trung binh, i^ni
25 8 16 28
Dg ben keo, MPa 18,54 12.76 7,39 39,59
Dg ben uon, MPa 15,26 18,57 8,41 70,35
Dg ben nen, MPa 92,78 19.54 40.75 102,69
Dg ben va dap, KJ/m'
1,73 1,98 1,45 2,70 Tir nhu'ng ket qua Irinh bay d bang 5 nhgn ilidy.
cdc tinh chat ca hgc ciia vgt lieu PC khi gia cudng bang tro ba\ deu cho gid trj tuong ddi cao va cd phdn ndi iroi hon so vdi vat lieu PC gia cudng bang cdc bpt dgn Ihdng thudng nhu talc, barit va thach anh (do ben keo, dp ben udn, do ben nen vd dg ben va dap cua vat lieu PC gia cudng bang Iro bay tdng tuong ung 2.1 ldn, 4,6 Idn, 1,1 ldn va 1.6 ldn so vdi vat lifu PC gia cudng bang cdt thach anh).
4, KET LUAN
Da nghien cuu dnh hudng cua chat lien ket GF 31 den tinh chdt co hgc ciia vat lieu polyme compozit nen nhua polyeste khdng no gia cudng bang tro bay ciia Nha may nhiet dien Phd Lai. Khi sir dung chat lien kit vdi hdm lugng thich hgp Id 1,5%
so vdi nhua polyeste khdng no va ham lugng tro bay 60 PKL, ddng rdn d nhift dp phdng thi tinh chat ca hgc dat dugc Id tdt nhdt. Cac sd lieu ve do ben co hoc khi so sdnh vdi cdc loai bgt dgn khac (bgt talc, bgt barit vd cat thach anh) cho thdy, tro bay hodn
loan cd the sir dyng dc lam bdt gia cudng cho vgt lifu PC nen nhya polyeste khdng no.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
I DiGioia, Anthony M., Jr. and William L. Nuzzo. Fly Ash as Structural Fill, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Joumal of the Power Division, New York (1972).
2. American Coal Ash Association. 1996 Coal Combustion Product-Production and Use Alexandria, Virginia (1997)
3. Meyers. James F., Raman Pichumani and Bernadette S. Kapples. Fly Ash. A Highway Construction Malerial Federal Highway Administration, Report No FHWA-IP-76-16, Washington, DC (1976) H. Bp Khoa hpc va Cong nghe, Lien hiep cac Hoi Khoa
hoc va Ky Ihuat Viet Nam. Ky yeu Le trao Giai thircmg sang tao Khoa hpc Cong nghe Viet Nam va Giai thudng WiPO nam 2008, Ha Noi, Tr. 107-111 (2009).
5. Bach Trpng Phuc Luan dn Pho tien sT Khoa hoc Ky thuat, H^N9i,Tr 53(1996).
Lien he: Bach Trgng Phiic
Trung tam Nghien ciru Vat lifu Polyme Trudng Dai hgc Bach khoa Hd Npi So UDaiCdViet, Hai Bd Trung, HdNpi Email: [email protected].
