Kinh nghiem thuc t i i n
i/ThiFC hien Bo luat To tung dan SIF
p
Co viec dan sU con la ISm
• • •
khi giai quyet
T
hdng lfl, ngudi tathudng nghi ttong td tyng din su chi cd ttanh chip thi mdi ihudc thim quyen giii quyet cua tda an. L6i nghT do, dang tiec la khong chi thugc vfl cdng dan, ma cdn thugc vfl khdng it ngudi lam viflc tai co quan tda an.
Dien hinh la nam 2015, cd 8 ngudi dan dfl nghi tda tuyfln vd hiflu van ban cdng chung mi hg hi "mac lua " khi ky hgp ddng uy quyen. Hg lim don de nghi tda tuyen van bin cong chiing vd hiflu theo ngi dung don quy dinh tai Diflu 312 Clia Bd luat Td tung dan su, nhung hi tda tir chdi giii quyet.
Cin bd tda an ggi mgt sd ngudi cd dan dfln tda de van ddng hg nit dan va chuyen sang Iam don khdi kifln, tiong khi hp khflng cd ttanh chip vfl viec nay. Mgt ngudi nghe theo ldi cin bg tda da ky nit don, nhung sau do lai tiep tuc viflt don dfl nghi tda tuyfln van bin cdng chiing vd hiflu. Cling cd trudng hgp.
tham phan gui van bin (dfl ngay 04/9/2015) 'yeu cdu duang sif sira doi, bo sung dan yeu cdu" tiong thdi ban 15 ngay, nhung theo dau buu difln mii den ngiy I7/9/20I5 hg mdi nhin dugc van bin niy.
Ngiy 24/9/2015 duong sy nay da giri dfln toa dan bd sung theo yflu cau cua tda, nflu rd nhimg vi pham phip luit cua van bin cdng chiing nflu ttfln, nhung da nhiflu thdng ttdi qua ma hg khdng nhin dugc hdi am tir phia thira phin di nhin don cua hg.
Cuoi cung, tda da yflu ciu duong su lam Iai dan theo miu
"Dan khdi kien vu dn dan sy" do tda cung eip - chii khdng phii don yflu ciu giii quyflt viflc dan su tiieo quy dinh tai Dilu 312 Bg luit Td tyng din su - thi mdi chiu nhin don. Song, tda d i nhin dan tir ngay 26/11/2015 nhung dfln nay vin chua thay ddng tinh gi. Viy la, quyen din su cua duong sy da bi
"ngam" tir thing 8 nam 2015 den nay vi chinh tda cdn /p lam vdi
Luat gia Phan Van Tan
giai quyet viec dan su theo quy dinh ciia phdp luat, va chua biet dfln khi nao mdi dugc giii quyet.
Theo hd so cua 8 duang sy da giri dfln tda thi: "Hgp ddng uy quyin chung tdi ky tgi nhd rieng cua tdi, khdng cd mat cong ehung viin. Ong Hd ST Mgnh cho trg ly (co Nhung) dua hgp dong din nhd vdo budi tdi, ep ky nen vg chong tdi chua dugc dgc ky vd chua Miu ngi dung hgp ddng nhu the ndo.
Sau do, hg dua vi ldm thu tue cdng chimg tgi Van phdng Cong chimg Tdy Hd, do Cdng chimg vien Hoang Minh Dice ky. vdo sd sd 00531.2015; Quyin so 02/TP/
CC - SCC/HDGD. Sau ndy. khi chiing tdi ggi doi thi mdi nhgn dugc bdn hgp ddng uy quyen, nhung thay ngi dung ben trong dd hodn todn bf thay ddi.
Do do. viec cdng chung nay Id viec ldm sau khi chiing ioi da ky hgp dong, toi khdng hi Met mat
LUAT S U V I | T N A M 1 SO 3 I THANG 3-2016
Kinh nghiem thuc tien cdng chimg viin, khong dugc cong
•^hung vien dgc vd gidi thich theo ..quy dinh cua Ludt Cdng chimg ".
Yeu ciu tda tuySn van bSn cdng chiing vd hiSu la quyln din sir firing ylu
'" Tifln lugng viflc ngirdi ta cd r.thi Igi dyng hgp ddng uy quyfln de xam pham loi ich cua ngudi uy quyfln nfln Bd lu|t Dan sy hipn banh da quy dinh "neu uy quyen khdng CO thii lao thi bin dy quyen cd the ehdm dut thifc Men hgp ddng bdt cic liic ndo, nhimg phdi bdo trudc cho ben dugc uy quyen mgt thdi gian hgp ly" (J)iflu 588).
Hem thfl niia, luit phap ghi nhin yflu can tuyfln van bin cdng chiing vd hiflu tai nhiflu van ban phap luat ca bin, nhu Luit Cdng chung, Bd luit To tyng dan su, Nghi quyet ciia Hgi ddng Tham phdn Tda an nhan din tdi cao.
Dieu 52 Luat Cdng chiing quy dinh: Ngudi cd quyen Igi, nghia vy lifln quan, co quan nha nudc cd thim quyfln cd quyln dfl nghi tda in tuyen van bin cdng chimg vd hi$u khi c6 can eft cho rang viec cdng chiing cd vi pham phip luit.
Bg luat Td tyng dan su quy dinh tai khoin 6 Diflu 26: yflu cau tuyen bd van bin cdng chung vd hieu thugc thim quyfln giii quyflt ciia tda in;
quy dinh tai myc m Idioin 2 Diflu 35: yflu ciu tuyen bd van bin cdng chiing vd hiflu thugc tham quyfln ciia tda an quin, huyfln nai vin phdng cdng chiing cd tru sd; va ngi dung don yeu cau dugc quy dinh tai khoin 3 Diflu 312. Nghi quyflt cua Hgi ddng Thim phdn Toa in nhan dan tdi cao sd 03/2012/NQ- HDTP ngay 03/12/2012 di nflu ro thdi ban giii quyflt viflc tda tuyen van ban cdng chiing vd hieu tai Diflu 24 cua Nghi quyet.
Mat khac, hgp ddng uy quyfln ma cac duong sy da nop cho tda li nhiing tinh tiflt, sy kifln dugc ghi ttong vin ban va dugc cdng chung, chimg thyc hgp phip dugc quy dinh la thude loai khong phdi chiing minh -theo quy dinh tai Diflu 80 B6 luat Td ti^g din sy.
Ro rang la, phip luit di quy dinh yflu ciu tuyfln bo van ban cdng chiing vd hiflu li quyln din sy ttgng ylu, song qua thuc tfl, cd viflc dan su chua dugc quy dinh diy du, khifln cho tda an cdn la lim. Phii chang, diy la viec mdi vd toa dn cap cd tham quyfln chua dugc hudng din hay tap huin ky ludng?
Bg luat To tung dan sir va ddi hdi vdi Hdi ddng Tham phan Tda an nhin dan tli cao
Trong don yflu ciu tda tuyfln van ban cdng chiing vd hieu cua c i 8 duong su dflu nflu ro sy vi phEun phip luat cua van ban cdng chimg nay nhu sau:
"Van bin cdng chiing nay ldm cdng chung ed ngi dung cam kit trdi phdp lugt, nhu ghi "khdng cdn phdi hdiy kien bin uy quyin "
li ttdi vdi Diflu 587 ciia Bd luat Din sy vfl quyen cua bfln iiy quyfln la "yeu cdu ben dugc Hy quyin thong bdo day du ve viic thuc Men cdng viic iiy quyin". Nghiem ttgng hon, Dieu 6 cua hgp ddng uy quyen lai cd ndi dung- "Hai ben cam kit khdng dan phucrng hay bd hgp dong nay ", hoin toan trii quy dinh tai Diflu 588 ciia Bd luit Dan su "ben uy quyen cd thi ehdm dut thuc hien hgp ddng bdt eu liic ndo".
Co sd phap ly dfl tda tuyfln van ban cdng chiing vd hieu ttong trudng hgp nay da diy du
va ro rang. Hon nfta, day la tinh tiflt, sy kien dugc ghi tiong van bdn va dugc cdng chftng, chftng thyc hgp phdp dugc phdp Iuat quy dinh thugc loai khdng phdi ckitng minh.
Thyc tfl nflu ttfln cho thiy, Bg luat Td tyng dan sy cin dugc tiflp tuc nghien cuu, sfta ddi dfl loai trii vuiing mac ve giai quyflt viflc ilin sy ttong td tyng nhu da nflu tien.
Bdi le, trong Bd luit Td tyng dan sy hifln hanh, mgt sd viflc din su khic dugc quy dinh chi tiflt hon, thdnh mgt chuang riflng, nhu thii tuc giai quyet yen ciu tuyfln bd mdt ngudi mat nang Iuc hanh vi din su hoac bi han che nang luc hinh vi dan sy (Chuong XXI), thil tuc giii quyflt yflu ciu tuyen bd mdt ngudi mit tich (Chuong XXIII), thit tyc giii quyflt yflu cau tuyfln bd mdt ngudi la da chet i (Chuong XXIV),... Dd la thuc tfl ' ddi hdi phii sdm hoan thifln cdc quy dinh vfl td tung din su dfl bao dam quyfln din su dugc thuc thi trfln thuc tifln td tung d cac tda an.
Dap ling ddi hdi do, Bd lu^t Td tung din su mdi (Luit sd 92/2015/
QH13) dugc Qudc hdi khda XIH thong qua ngay 25/11/2015 tai ky hop thir 10 da hoan thifln hon khi bd sung Chuong XXIX "Thu ttfc gidi quyit yiu cdu tuyen bd vdn bdn cdng chung vd hieu ".
Tuy nhifln, nflu Hgi ddng Thim phan Tda an nhan dan tdi cao khdng kip thdi ban hanh nghi quyflt hudng dan thi hanh dfl ban chfl su lung tiing, la lam ciia tda an dia phuang khi thy ly dan yflu cau tuyfln vin ban cdng chiing vd hieu cua ngudi dan nhu nflu tren thi quyfln dan sy ttgng yflu van chua dugc tdn tipng ttong thyc tfl td tung din sy •
L U A T SUVI&r NAM I s o 31 THANG 3-2016
