TAP CHl PHATTRigN N H A N LLfC - S6 2(61)2019
NGHIQUYETCUA BANG VATHl/CTliNCUOC SONG
GIA TRITHGFI DAI CUA BAN Dl CHUC CHU TICH HO CHI MINH DO! Vdl CONG TAC XAY DI/NG, CHJNH DON DANG HIEN NAY
TS. TRirONG QUANG KHAI <*'- PHAM NGOC H O A <"'
TOM TAT
50 nam trudc, vi Idnh tu vi dai cua dan toe Viet Nam - Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh da di xa. Ngudi delai cho nhdn dan ta, To quoc ta ban Di chuc c6 g^d tri lich sd vd thdi dai v6 eiinggid tri. Di chuc v6i han 3 trang, khodng 1000 tii nhung Id sdn phdm cua su ket tinh nhu^g tu tudng dao diic vd loi s6ng tot dep nhdt cua Ngudi. Ban Di ehue vdi nhUnggid tri truang ton da delai cho ddt nude vd eon ngudi Viet Nam, cho Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam nhieu bdi hoe quy gid ve eong tdc xdy dung chinh don Ddng. Di ehue Id casd nen tdngeho Dang ta tien hdnh thdngloi nhiem vu cdeh mqng trang thdi kjf doi mdi, trong do eo eong euoe xdy dung vd ehlnh don Ddng.
Tirkhoa: Di ehue Chu tich Ho Chi Minh; xdy dung ehinh don Ddng.
1. Gia tri ban Di chiic cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh doi vdi eong tac xay dyng, chinh don Dang
Ban Di chuc cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh la mot van kien !ich sCr v6 gia ket tinh tu tu6ng, tri tue, dao dijtc, nhan cacli ciia mot lanh tu het long, het siic phuc vu To qudc, phuc vu each mang, phung su nhan dan.''' Di chiic nay duoc viet va bo sung trong th6i gian dai, tir nam 1965 den nam 1969. Do la mot ban tdng ket sau Siic, toan dien kinh nghiem, qua trinh chi dao each mang, nhCmg trai nghiem, du6ng hucing phat trien tuong lai cua dan toe, dong thcfi cung the hien
'*' ,'"> Hoc vien Chmli tn khu vuc IV.
"* Ta Ngpc Tin; Tie dien Ho Chi Minh hoc, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi. 2017, trang 247.
le song 6 ddi. Vi tli^, Di chuc chira dung mot phiic hop cac gia tri pho quat, bao triim mpi mat cua ddi song xa hoi. Sudt 50 nam qua, Di chuc cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh da soi sang cho each mang nude ta, gay dung niem tin cho nhan dan ta, dua su nghiep daii tranh giai phong dan toe cua ehiing ta di den thang lai cudi ciang, ia kim chi nam cho sir nghiep ddi mdi, xay dung va phat trien dat nude, Di chuc da chi ra nhirng dinh hudng mang tinh cuong linh cho su phat trien cua dat nude, nliat la eong tae xay dung, ehinh ddn Dang, cham lo con ngudi, ve cliinh saeh xa hoi va xay dung chii nghla xa hoi... Vdi nhCmg gia tri do, Di chiic niai mai la nliimg loi can dan thiet tha, la anii sang chi dudng, sdc manh tlioi thiic hanh dpng, chang nhCcng ddi
TRUONG QUANG K H A I , PHAM NGOC H O A - GlA TRI THCtI PA! CUA B A N DI CHUC...
vdi nhan dan ma con ddi vdi tat ca nhiJng ai dang dau tranh cho tu do, doe lap, cho hda binh, eong ly va hanh phue ciia con ngudi.'^' Ddng thdi ban Di chiic the hien ro net trach nhiem, y chi, niem tin, tinh cam va tarn nguyen Idn lao ma Chii tich Ho Chi Minh giii gam lai cho tat ca ehiing ta, dac biet la ddi vdi eong tae xay dung, chinh ddn Dang hien nay.
Theo Chii tich Ho Chi Minh, "xay dung, chinh ddn" 1^ hai ngi dung cd mdi quan he bien ehiing. Ngudi cho rang, ben canh sd dong dang vien mau muc, v&n con mot bp phan khong nhd dang vien chua that viing manh, trong saeh ve pham chat, tham chixa each nhan dan, cd tu tudng lam quan each mang. Chinh vi vay. Dang can thudng xuyen chinh ddn de loai bd nhiing ea nhan cd bieu hign suy thoai, bien chat trong Dang. Trong cugc van ddng xay dung, chinh ddn Dang, thue hien tu phe binh va phe bmh hien nay, ehung ta can quan triet sau s^e nhUng tu tudng cua Ngudi v^ c6ng tac xay dung chinh ddn Dang. Xay dung, tu ehinh ddn Dang la eo sd, dieu kien giiip Dang trong saeh, vung manh - day la quy luat ton tai va ph^t trien ciia Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam. Trong dieu kien Dang ta da trd thanh Dang c^m quyen, viec xay dung, ehinh ddn Dang lai dupe Chii tieh Ho Chi Minh coi la cdng vi^c cang phai tien hanh thudng xuyen hon. Vdi m6t nhan quan dac biet nhay b6n ve chinh tri va su am tudng ve xa hoi, Ngudi da nhin thay va nhan dien ro tinh hai mSt vdn cd ciia quyen lire; mot mat, quyen lire cd sile manh to Idn de cai tao xa hoi cu, xay dung xa hoi mdi neu biet sir dung diing. Mat khae, quy^n lite cUng cd siic pha hoai ghe gdm neu ngudi nam quyen lire bi thoai hda, bien chflt,
'^'Nguyln V5n Dirong: Su- ra dai cua ban Di chuc tich su, Nxb.
Van hoa - Thong tin, Ha Npi. 2015, trang 8.
chay theo dac quyen, dac ipi, bien quy^n luc ciia nhan dan thanh dac quyen ciia ca nhan...'^' VI vay. Dang phai dac biet quan tarn den viec chinh ddn n h ^ han che, ngan chan, day liil va tay trir mpi te nan do su thoai hda, bien chat ciia can b6, dang vien.
Trong Di ehiie, Chii tieh Ho Chi Minh da the hien dam n6t mot quan niem dSc sac ve Dang cam quy^n va xay dung Dang cam quyen trong saeh, vung manh. Day la tac pham ma Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh sir dung chfnh thUe khai niem
"Dang cam quy^n" vdi cac tieu chi cu th^ nhu la cac pham chat sdng con cua Dang: doan ket thdng nhat; vi nhan dan, het long het siic phuc vu giai cap, phuc vu nhan dan, phuc vu To qu6c;
thue hanh dan chii rpng rai; tu phe binh va phe binh nghiem ehinh; dao dUc each mang; can, Idem, liem, chinh, chi eong vo tu. Ngudi dSc biet nhan manh ddn trong trach lich sir ciia Dang, tinh tien phong guong mSu va trach nhiem ciia can bp, dang vien trudc Dang, trudc nhan dan. Ndi bat la "Trudc het ndi ve Dang" NgUcJi cho rang trudc tien phai ehinh ddn lai Dangva cham lo chu dao tdi ddi sdng vat chSt va tinh than cho mpi ngUdi dan, nhat la thirc hien chinh saeh "den on dap nghia" ddi vdi thuong binh - liet sT, nhUng gia dinh cd eong vdi nu6c.
Ngudi timg ndi, dudng loi, chinh saeh ciia Dang va Chinh phii la dao ly va dao nghia Idn nhat Chii tich Ho Chi Minh khang dinh "Dang ta la Dang cam quyen" mdi can bp, dang vien phai ludn lu6n y thirc dupe sd menh eao ca va trdch nhiem nang ne dd. Mudn xay dung Dang theo
"i Ph?m Ngflc Anh: "Xay dung, chinh dfln Dang trong s?ch, vihig manh v6i tir each quy luat t6n tai, phdt tn^n cua DSng - tir quan di^m H6 Chi Minh den Nghi quygt Hoi nghi Trung uong 4 Idioa Xll", tir website: http://tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/
xay-dung-dang/2017/44040/Xay-dung-chinh-don-Dang-trong- sach-vung-manh-voi-tu-cach.aspx, truy c|p ngay 20/3/2019.
TRUONG QUANG K H A I , PHAM NGOC H O A - GlA TRj THdl DAI CUA B A N DI CHOC...
Ngudi, "trong Dang thue hanh dan chu rpng rai"
va thue hien doan ket. Trong ban Di chuc, van de ma Nguoi danh su quan tam hang ddu la doan ket trong Dang. Ngudi da 5 Ian nhac den cum tit "doan ket" Ngudi chi ro vai tro ciia doan ket ddi vdi Dang rang: "Nhd doan ket chat che, mot Idng mot da phuc vu giai cap, phuc vu nhan dan, phuc vu To qudc, cho nen tir ngay thanh lap den nay, Dang ta da doan ket, to chiic va lanh dao nhan dan ta hang hai da'u tranh tien tir thang loi nay den thang Ipi khac" De tiep tue gin giU truyen thdng doan ket va phat huy vai trd ciia Dang trong su nghiep each mang, ddi hoi "Dang phai manh hon bao gid het" Dang manh Idii khdi doan ket thdng nhat trong Dang thudng xuyen duoc tang cudng. Ngudi can dan:
"Cac ddng chi tCr Trung uong den cac chi bp can phai giCr gin su doan ket nhat tri eiia Dang nhu gill g^n eon nguoi ciia mat minh"'^' Dong thdi, Ngu&i Cling chi ro, can thue hanh dan chii rong rai, thudng xuyen va nghiem ehinh...; trong qua trmh tu phe binh va phe binh khong dupe Ipi dung de trii dap, boi nhp, ha be l&n nhau, ma phai cd tinh ddng chi thuong yeu Ian nhau. M6i dang vien phai la ngudi cd dao diic each mang, la eong bpc ciia dan, het Idng hdt siic phung sir To qudc, phung su nhan dan, "mdi dang vien va can bp phai that su tham nhuan dao diie each mang, that sir can ki^m liem chinh, chi eong v6 tu" de Dang ta xiing tam la mot Dang cam quyen "xufng dang la ngudi lanh dao, la ngudi day td that trung thanh cua nhan dan'!' '^ Hai tir
"that" vii "that su" dupe nhac lai nhieu Ian nhu mot Idi nhac nhd mang tinh quy luat, phd bien
phai lam thudng xuyen, li6n tue, neu khong.
Dang khd idng ma giU ndi vi the, vai trd earn quyen ciia minh.
2. Tiep tue xay dung, chinh don D&ng theo Di chuc cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh
Cd the ndi, tu tudng ve xay dung, chinh ddn Dang trong Di chiic ciia Chii tich Ho Chi Minh da va dang soi sang dudng di va su nghiep each mang Viet Nam. Nhirng tu tudng dd d tam chien lupc la nhijng chi dSn cho viec Dang xac dinh dudng Idi, phuong hudng, nhiem vu, hoach dinh chinh saeh, xay dung phap luat va chuong uinh hanh dpng cho toan Dang, toan dan, dua dat nude ta on dinh, phat trien bSn vung va hien dai hda.'^' Den nay, ehiing ta da lam dupe nhieu viec theo diing Icfi can dan ciia Ngudi va da gianh thang Ipi Idn trong eong cupe xay dung va phat trien da't nude. The nhung, con cd nhung Icfi Ngudi can dan trong Di chuc ve Dang va xay dung Dang cdm quyen van chua dupe thue hien thudng xuyen va trpn ven. Trudc nhiing bidn dpng nhanh chdng va phUc tap ciia tinh hinh trong nude va tren the giiii, tac d6ng tir mat trai ciia co che thi trudng, cd mot bp phan khong nhd can bp, dang vien suy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dao diic, loi sdng, phai nhat ly tudng, dan den "tu di§n bien, tu chuyen hda"
nhat la trong y thiic he, chuan gia trj phat trien tien bp; mat canh giac, giam siit y chi chien d^u, kem y thUc td chiic ley luat, tha hoa ve nhan each; quan lieu, xa rdi quan ehiing. Nhieu dang bp, chi bp van cdn tinh trang dan ehii hinh thiic;
hoat dpng tu phe binh va phe binh cdn nhieu lech lac. Tinh trang "di hda vi quy" cdn kha phd bien trong Dang. Mot sd dang bp, chi bp cdn
'** Dl chuc cmi Chu tich Ho Chi Mtnh, Nxb, Chinh tn quoc gia, Ha NOI. 2008, trang 23.
'" Di chuc cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi. 2008, trang 24.
"'I Hoang Chi Bao. "Su kst tinh tu tirang, dao diic v^ phong each Ho Chi Minh trong Di chiic ciia Ngirdi", Tap chi Cpng san, so 901(11-2017), trang 46.
TRUONG QUANG K H A I , PHAM NGOC H O A - G I A T R I T H C I DAI C O A B A N Dl CHOC...
bieu hien ciia chii nghia ca nhan, tham nhiing,
"loi ich nhom"; Ipi dung phe binh de trii dap nhau, lam noi bp mat doan ket, suy giam Idng nn ciia nhan dan ddi vdi Dang.'" Tinh trang tren da gay biie xiie trong du luan xa hpi, lam giam Slit Idng tin ciia quan chung nhan dan ddi vdi su lanh dao ciia Dang, sir quan ly eiia Nha nude, tao ke hd cho cac phan tCr co hpi, cac the lire thii dich Ipi dung de chdng pha each mang nude ta. Dieu dd da va dang lam cho chung ta cam thay an lo sau sac. Su au !o dd la bdi chung ta hieu ro rang, uy tin ciia Dang, long tin vao che dp phu thugc rat nhieu vao dpi ngu can bp ciia Dang.
Tinh hinh tren dat ra cho eong tac xay dung Dang nhieu van de mdi, ca ve ly luan va thu:e ti§n, ddi hoi phai tiep tue ddi mdi de cd su chuyen bien tich cue, lam cho Dang ta ngay cang trudng thanh, Idn manh ve mpi mat, nhu mong mudn trong Di chuc ciia Chii tieh Ho Chi Minh. Mudn vay, chung ta can thue hien nghiem chinli va triet de cac cdng viec sau:
Mot Id, Dang phai tiep tue tien hanh xay ditng, chinh ddn Dang vdi tinh than kien qiiyet hon, raanli me hon, nham tao ra mot budc chuyen bien mdi tren cac mat; tap trung dau tranh, ngan chan nhung yen kem, tieu cue trong Dang, nhat la tinh trang suy thoai ve tu tudng chinli Ui, su xudng cap ve dao diic, loi sdng, te quan lieu, tham nhung trong mot bp phan can bp, dang vien, cdng chUc.'^' De thue hien dupe dieu nay, vai trd, trach nhiem ciia cap iiy va ngudi dung dau cac ban, nganh tir Trung uong tdi tinh la het sUc quan trong va nang ne.
"' Pham Ngoc Anh: "Van de xay dyng vSn hoa cSm quy^n ciia Dang Cpng san trong Di chiic cua Chu tjch H6 Chi Minh", Tap chi Cpng san, s& 863 (9-2014), trang 59-60.
'*' Thong tin xa Vi?t Nam: "TiSp tue chinh d6n Dang voi tinh than Icien quylt han", bao Tudi Ire, ngay 24/1/2019, ffang 3.
Hai Id, mdi td chiic dang phai ra siic tang cudng giao due toan Dang ve ly tudng each mang, dudng loi, chinh saeh ciia Dang thue hien tU phe binh va phe binh nghiem chinh trong Dang doi mdi va nang cao chat lupng che dp sinh hoat ciia chi bp; ley luat, ky cuong cua Dang phai dupe giu nghiem minli; cdng tac Idem tra, giam sat ciia Dang phai thudng xuyen, chat che, cd hieu qua. Tiep tue thue hiSn cd hi^u qua Nghi quyet Trung Udng 4 khda XII ve xay dung, ehinh ddn Dang, nham tao chuyen bien tich cue ve nhan thiic va hanh dpng trong viec dau tranh ngSn chan, day liii suy thoai v^ tit tudng chinh tri, dao diic, loi sdng, "tU di§n bi^n, tu chuyen hda" trong npi bd; gdp phan thu hep
"mot bd phan khong nhd" can bd, dang vien suy thoai.
Ba Id, ddi vdi mdi can bd, dang vien, trong nhan tliiic va hanh ddng phai dat Ipi ich ciia Dang, eiia each mang, cua nhan dan len tren het; thudng xuyen ren luygn, tu dudng dao dire each mang, tinh td chiic va tinh ky luat; di sau, di sat thue td', gan gui, gan bd vdi nhan dan, that su ton trpng va phat huy quyen lam chii cua nhan dan, thudng xuyen nd luc cd gang hoc tap, nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn de phuc vu cdng viec, phuc vu nhan dan. Ddng thdi, mdi dang vien tiep tue Hoc tap va lam theo tu tudng dao diic, phong each Hd Chi Minh. Mdi can bS.
dang vien hay hoan thanh tot nhiem vu ciia minh, bien quyet tam thanh hanh ddng thanh chat ludng va hieu qua cdng viec. Day chinh la phuong thUe quan trpng nh^m xay dung, chinh ddn Dang.
Bon Id, mdi mot can bd tU cap thap den cap eao, nen ngliiem tiie tu nhan xet, khdng nhiing chi tha'y uu diem, ma phai thay ca khuyet diem
TRUONG QUANG KHAI, PHAM NGOC H Q A - GlA TRI T H O I DAI CUA B A N Dl CHUC...
ciia mmh de ra siic kh^c phuc vdi tinh than tu phe bmh va phd binh nghiem tue nhat nhu Ngudi da tUng can dan trong Di chuc. Mdi ca nhan phai phan dau khdng cd khuyet di^m, nhung khi da cd khuyet diem thi kien quyet tu phe binh va sira chua. Chi khi nao ehiing ta thay rd khuyet diem ciia minh, cd quyet tam sira chua, trd thanh ngudi dang vien tot, ngudi can bp tot, that su can kidm liem chinh, chi cdng vd tu thi mdi lam cho Dang ta trong saeh, viing manh, dupe dan tin, dan phuc, dan yeu.
Chi cd vay ehiing ta mdi cd th^ lam tot cdng tac xay dung, chinh ddn Dang theo di nguyen ciia Ngudi trong Di chiic.
3. Ket luan
Nhung Idi can dan cua Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh trong Di chiic ve cdng tac xay dung, ehinh ddn Dang den nay van cdn nguyen gia trj thdi dai.
Dieu mong mudn cudi cimg ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh la "toan Dang, toan dan ta do^n ket phan dau, xay dung mot nude Viet Nam hda binh, thdng nhat, doc lap, dan chii va giau manh, va gdp phan xiing dang vao su nghiep each mang the gidi" '**' Den nay, ehiing ta da hoan thanh duoc di nguyen cua Ngudi. Tuy nhien, trudc di§n bien phiic tap ciia tinh hinh trong nude va the gidi, cimg vdi dd tinh trang tham nhung, thoai hda, bien chat ciia mdt bd phan can bp, dang vien da lam giam siit ni^m
tin ciia nhan dan ddi vdi Dang, hon liic nao hdt, ehiing ta can phai kien quyet dciu tranh chdng lai cac hien tupng tieu cue trong ddi sdng xa hpi va trong cdng tac xay dung Dang, nham lam trong saeh bd may, lam cho cdng tac xay dimg, chinh ddn Dang timg budc dap ling duoc yeu cau, nhiem vu uong tinh hinh hien nay.
TAI LI$U THAiM KHAO
1. Pham Nggc Anh: "Vin de xay dmig van hda cam quyen ciia Dang Cdng san trong Di chiic ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh" Tap chi Cong Sfl«, so 863 (9/2014).
2. Hoang Chi Bao: "Su ket tinh tu tudng, dao diic va phong each Ho Chi Minh tror^ Di chiic cua Ngudi" Tap chi Cdngsdn. sd 901 (11/2017).
3. Di ehue cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh, Nxb.
Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi. 2008.
4. Nguyen Van Duong: Su ra ddi cua ban Di chuc lich sd, Nxb. Van hda - Thdng tin. Ha Ndi.
2015.
5. Ta Ngpc Tan: Tie dien Ho Chi Minh hoc, Nxb. Chinh trj qudc gia, Ha Ndi. 2017.
6. Thdng ta'n xa Vidt Nam: "Tiep tue chinh ddn Dang vdi tinh t h ^ kien quyet hon" bao Tudi tre, ngay24/l/2019,trang3.
7. Tddien Hd Chi Minh sagidn, Nxh Tre, 2007.
'" m diin Ho Chi Minh sa gian. Nxb. Tre, 2007, trang 159.