TAP CHI KHOA HOC - s a 3 0 / 2 0 1 9 1 1*7
CONG TAC GIAO DUC THE CHAT 6 TRUdNG DAI HOC THU DO HA N O I TRONG BOI CANH DOI MOII GIAO DUC HIEN NAY
HuJ'nh Thi Tuyin', Pham Hai Yln^
'Trudng Dgi hpc Thu do Hd Ndi Truong Dgi hpc Npi vu Hd Npi
Tdm tdt: Nhd nu&c coi trpng the due the thao trudng hpc nhdm phdt triin vd hodn thien thi chdt cho tdng lap thanh thieu nien, nhi dong. Gido due the chdt Id ndi dung gido due bdt bupc ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh viin duac thuc Men trong hi thdng gido due qudc ddn tie mdm non din dgi hpc. Gido due the chdt la mpt bpphgn quan trpng di thuc Men muc tieu gido due todn dien, gdp phdn ndng cao ddn tri, ddo tgo nhdn luc, bdi duong nhdn tdi, dap ung yeu cdu xdy dung vd bdo ve td qudc Viet Nam xd hpi chu nghia.
Tie khda: Ddi mdi gido due; Xu the ddi mdi; Gido due Thi chdt; Thi due Thi thao.
Nhan bai ngay 13.3.2019; gui phan bien, chinh siia va duyet dang ngay 13.4 2019 Lien he tac gia: Huynh Thi Tuyen; Email: [email protected]
1. DAT V A N D E
Cdng tae Giao due t h i chit (GDTC) trudng hpc cd vai trd vd cimg quan hpng trong su nghiep ddi mdi toan dien giao due nude nha, nham xay dung con ngudi mdi Viet Nam phat triin d i y dii ca diie, tri, thi, my. GDTC trong trudng hpc dupe xac dinh la bd phan quan hpng hong viec nang cao siic khoe va the luc, bdi dudng pham chit, dao diie, y chi, giao due nhan each cho hpc sinh, sinh vien, gdp p h i n dap iing yeu cau cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dit nude, "phdt triin cao tri tui, cuong trdng vi the chdt, trong sdng ve dgo due, phong phit vi tinh than". Vdi vai trd va y nghia dd, cdng tae GDTC trong trudng hpc luon nhan duac su quan tam cua Dang, Nha nude, eac cap, nganh va toan xa hdi. Dac biet, trong nhiiu nam qua, nganh Giao due & Dao tao (GD-DT) va nganh The due The thao (TDTT) da cd su phdi hpp chat che trong viec chi dao, quan ly mdt each toan dien, gdp phin thiic d i y su phat trien manh me ciia cdng tac GDTC trong trudng hpc. Vi vay, cdng tac GDTC trong cac trudng hpc rat can dpi ngu thiy, cd giao co trinh dp chuyen mdn cao, kiin thiic va phuang phap su pham viing vang d i dap iing yeu c i u cua xa hdi hien nay.
188 II TROClNG BAI HOC T H C I BO HA NgU
2. NQI DUNG
2.1. Quan fliim cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ve viec ren luyfn thi chit Gin 5 thang sau ngay dpc Ban tuyen ngdn ddc ISp khai sinh ra nude Viet Nam dan chii cdng hoa, ngay 30/1/1946, Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh da ky Sic l^nh sd 14 ve viec lap Nha Thi due Trung uang true thudc Bd Thanh nien. Sic l|nh quy dinh Nha The diie Trung uong cd nhiem vu ciing Bd Y ti va Bp Quoc gia Giao due nghien ciiu phuang phap, thue hanh thi due hong toan qudc. Bp Thanh nien se in dinh nhiing viec vi td chiic va ngan sach cua Nha Thi due Trung uang [1, h.l43]. Sau do it ngay, Trudng thi due ra ddi va dat ca sd tai can nha d dudng Cdt Cd (Ha Ndi), nai hudc dd la mdt khu hai hpc tap ciia sT quan Phap. Day la su kien, diu mdc khai sinh nganh TDTT each mang Viet Nam. Tiip do, ngay 27/3/1946, Ngudi ky Sic lenh sd 38 vi viec lap Nha Thanh nien va The due true thupc Bd Qudc gia Giao due vdi ca ciu gdm Phdng Thanh nien va Phdng The due Tnmg uang [1, tr.190-191]. Ciing trong ngay nay, Ngudi viit L&i keu goi todn ddn tap the due dang tren bao Ciru qudc (sd 199, ngay 27-3-1946). Theo Ngudi: "Mdi ngudi dan khoe manh lam cho ca nude khde manh, mdi ngudi dan yeu dt lam cho ca nude yeu dt mot phin". Tdi ngay 26/5/1946, Hd Chi Minh da du L8 khai mac Dai hdi Thanh nien Ha Ndi.
Tai day, Li hpi thanh niin van ddng da duac phat ddng va Ban td chiic da mdi Ngudi cham ngpn lua phat ddng phong trao Khde vi nu&c. Tu Ha Npi, phong trao nay da lan toa ra ca nude.
Ldi keu gpi toan dan tap thi due cua Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh, xet hong bdi canh ducmg thdi, gan lien vdi quan diem yeu nude dai bp phan nhan dan. Ngudi ndi: "Giu gin dan ehu, xay dung nude nha, xay ddi sdng mdi, viec gi eiing can cd siic khde mdi thanh cdng. V2y nen luySn tap the due, boi bd siic khoe la bdn phan cua mdi ngudi dan yeu nude" [2, tr.212]. Ren luyen siic khde d day ham chiia ca ve mat the chat cung nhu hnh than: "Viec dd khdng tdn kem, kho khan gi, gai trai, gia tre, ai eiing nen lam va ai cimg lam dupe. Moi ngudi liie ngii day, tap it phiit the due, ngay nao ciing tap thi khi huyet luu thdng, tmh than day dii. Nhu vay thi mdi khde". Vdi mong mudn ddng bao ai ciing gang t|p the due, Bac Hd edn trd thanh tam guong sang ve ren luyen: "Tu tdi ngay nao eiing tap".
Hd Chi Minh mong mudn nhan dan ta ai eiing deu khde manh. Con ngudi cd siic khoe thi nang suat lao dong se eao han; nang dong, hoat bat han trong mpi hoat ddng cua ddi sdng xa hdi; tri tue cd dieu kien phat trien phong phii han. Ngudi nhan dinh: "Mudn lao ddng, san xuat tdt, cong tac va hpe tap tdt thi can phai ed siic khde". Siic khde eua eon ngudi ed anh hudng ldn den tinh than va luc lucmg eua toan dan: "Siic khde ciia can bp va nhan dan dupe dam bao thi tinh thin cang hang hai. Tmh thin va siic khde diy du thi khang chien cang nhieu thang lai, kien qudc cang mau thanh cdng".
2 ^ ^ 5 ^ ' ' ' < i a A H a c - s a 3 a / z o i s ________^ ... ^.- .... . .- .1.^'®- Tuu trung, tu tudng cua Ngudi vi tim quan trpng ciia cdng tac GDTC, chara lo siie khoe cho nhan dan gdi gpn trong bdn chii "dan cudng, nude thinh". Ddn cu&ng chinh la siic khde ciia nhan dan ca vi thi ehit iSn tinh thin. Nu&c thinh la phan dau vi muc tieu dan giau, nude manh, dan chii, cdng bang, van minh. Ngudi Viet Nam ta ai cung mudn cd siic khoe de lam viee, cdng hien, hudng thu; ai ciing mudn dat nude thinh vuong, giau cd, mpi ngudi deu dupe sdng yen on, de cd dieu kien phat trien mdt each toan dien. Bdi vay, cac quan diem khac cua Hd Chi Minh deu nhat quan su dinh hudng TDTT phat triin manh vi siic khde eua nhan dan. Thdng qua do, TDTT gdp phan phue vu tat ea cac hoat ddng phat trien kinh te, van hda, xa hdi, giao due..., ehng tiic la phuc vu su nghiep phin diu cho muc tieu dan giau, nude manh. Thang 3/1960, tai hdi nghi can bp nganh TDTT, Ngudi da xac dinh va nhan manh TDTT la mdt cdng tac each mang. Tu tudng ldn do mang tinh ehi dao chien lupc. La mpt edng tac each mang, TDTT cd vi tri quan trpng hong su nghiep each mang ciia Dang, cua dan toe. Viec quan tam den su phat trien TDTT nude nha la trach nhiem ciia cap uy Dang, ehinh quyen cae cap, toan dan, toan xa hdi.
Phat ddng phong trao TDTT quan ehiing, Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh dae biet coi trpng cong tac ren luyen the chat, siic khoe ciia the he tre va xac dinh giao due the chat hpc dudng la mdt bd phan quan trpng trong nen giao due qudc dan: "Mdt nen giao due se dao tao cac em nen nhiing ngudi cong dan hiiu ich cho nude Viet Nara, mdt nen giao due lam phat hiin hoan toan nhiing nang luc sin ed cua eac em". Tir quan diem dd, sau nay, Ngudi da chi ra mpt each cu thi vi giao due ndi chung va giao due th6 chat ndi rieng. Giao due toan dien la: "Thi due kit hop vdi gin giii ve sinh chung va rieng, tri due, my due, diic due". Bdn mat giao due dd cd quan he mat thiet vdi nhau, trong dd the due la tien de de phat triin eae mat giao due khac. Ki ca vdi hpc vien trong nha hudng quan dpi chng vay, H6 Chi Minh dat giao due thi chit len trudc hit: "Cac chau phai ra siic thi dua: luyen tap than thi eho manh me, nghien eiiu ky thuat eho thdng thao, hau ddi tinh than eho viing chic, hun diic dao diic cua ngudi quan nhan each mang cho viing vang" [3, tr.308-309].
v i giao due thi chit cho thanh nien dang hoat ddng trong mpi linh vuc, nganh nghe, H6 Chi Mmh ndi ring: "Thanh nien phai ren luyen TDTT vi thanh nien la tuang lai cua dit nude". Ngoai cac mat hpe tap va ren luyen khac, Ngudi yeu cau thanh nien phai tich cue ren luyen thi chit: "Phai giii viing dao diic each mang. Phai xung phong hong mpi cdng tac. Phai hpc tap ehinh tri, van hda, nghe nghiep de tiin bp mai. Phai ren luyen than the eho khde manh. Khde manh thi mdi dii siie tham gia mdt each deo dai, ben bi nhiing cdng viec ich nude Ipi dan".
Qua nhiing su kien tren day, co thi khang dinh, Hd Chi Minh khong chi la ngudi khai smh ra nganh TDTT each mang Viet Nam, ma cdn la ngudi khdi xudng phong trao thi due
190 I TRUjaNE^BAI HOC T H O ^ O HANqn
quin chung v6i khiu hieu each mang khoe vi nu&c. Tu tuong, quan diem cua Nguai den nay vin ven nguyen gia tri va cang co y nghia hom trong tinh hinh xay dung, phat trien nhan each con nguoi moi hien nay.
2.2. Vi tri, vai tro va thm trang cSng tac GDTC trong cac nlia trirong hifn nay GDTC la mpt hoat dgng giao due dugc tifa hanh duoi hinh thiic bit huge the hi$n o hai Idiia canh la giao due theo chuong trmh quy dinh trong nha truong va giao due theo chuong trinh dua tren nhu ciu va so thieh cua hgc sinh (the due the thao ngi khoa va ngoai khoa).
GDTC la mgt bp phan v6 eung quan trgng khong thi thay thS trong su nghiep giao due noi chung. Boi le vai tro cua van dgng, thd due thi thao, vui choi, giai tri co y nghia dac biet to Ion trong qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each, tri lue eiia con nguM.
GDTC la bien phap quan trgng dl b6i duong kha nang hi tap luyen lau dai, hmh thanh thgi quen tap luyen trong eupc s6ng, lam khoi day long ham me d5i v6i the due thS thao, xem ehiing nhu mpt phuang ti$n dl kham pha va phat trien nhan each, nang cao the luc va tri luc, lam cho doi s6ng van hoa tmh thin ngay cang t6t dep hon. GDTC co nhiem vu khong kem phin quan trgng la gop phin tien hanh giao due y chi, xay dimg moi quan he giiia eon nguoi voi con nguoi, tap the va ca nhan.
GDTC truoc hit nhim hinh thanh, phat triln va cung c6 cho con nguoi nhiing ky nang CO ban gin liln voi doi sing thuang nhat nhu di, chay, nhay, leo treo, bo, thang bang..., ding thoi qua GDTC lam tang kha nang thich iing vai cupe song soi dgng cua thoi kj/ cong nghiep hoa, giiip eon nguoi giam bat su cang thang eua eo the, vugt qua nhung kho khan khach quan va chii quan do cuoc song dua lai, hinh thanh nhiing pham chat dang qu^ nhu long kien tri, su binh tinh, long tu tin, tac phong dinh dac, tu xay dung cho minh thoi quen va loi song lanh manh.
GDTC la mpt trong muc tieu giao due toan dien ciia Dang va nha nuac ta, nam trong he thong giao due quoc dan. GDTC duoc hieu la: "Qua trinh su pham nham giiip giao due va dao tao the he tre, hoan thien ve the chat va nhan each, niing eao kha nang lam viec va keo dai tuoi thg cua cgn nguai".
GDTC eung nhu cac loai hinh giao due khac la qua trinh su pham vai day du dac diem cua no, CO vai tro chu dao ciia nha su pham, to ehiie hoat dgng ciia nha su pham phu hop voi hpc sinh voi nguyen tac su pham. Giao due the ehat chia thanh hai mat tuong doi dgc lap: Day hgc dgng tac va giag due tg chit thi lue. Trgng he thing giao due npi dung dac trung cila giao due thi chit dugc gin Uln vol giao due, tri due, diic due, my due va giao due lao dgng.
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GDTC la mpt ITnh vuc the due the thao xa hpi vdi nhiem vu la: "Phat trien toan dien cac to chat the lye va trSn ea sd do phat trien eae nang lyc the chat, bao dam hoan thien t h i hinh. Cling cd siic khde Mnh thanh theo he thdng va tiin hanh hoan thien d i n miic cin thiit cae ky nang va ky xao quan trpng cho cudc sdng". Ddng thdi chuong trinh giao due t h i chat hong cac trudng dai hpc, cao ding va trung hpc chuyen nghiep n h i m giai quyit cac nhiSm vu giao due dd la: "Trang bi kiin thiic, ky nang va ren luyen thi luc cho hpc sinh sinh vien".
Chucmg trinh GDTC dupe thuc hien hong ca qua trinh hpc tap cua hpc sinh, sinh vien dudi hai hmh thiic: Hpc chinh khod va hpc ngogi khoa - tu tap luyen:
- Hpc chinh khda
Hpc chmh khoa la hinh thiic co ban nhit cua cdng tac GDTC dupe tiin hanh trong k i hoach cua nha trudng. Vi viee dao tao ca ban v i t h i chit, thi thao cho hpe sinh sinh vien la nhiem vu can thiet nen trudc hit phai cd ndi dung thich hpp d i phat triin cae td chit thi luc va phdi hop van ddng; ddng thdi giiip cac em cd trmh dp nhit dinh d i tiip thu dupe cac ky thuat ddng tac the due the thao. Vdi muc tieu chinh cua viec dao tao c a ban v i t h i ehit va the thao trong hardng hpe la: "Xiic tien qua trinh dao tao nang luc dat thanh tich trong the chat va the thao cua hpe sinh sinh vien, phat triin cac td chit t h i luc, phat triin nang lire tam ly, tao y thiie tap luyen the due the thao thudng xuyen, giao due dupe tinh ca ban va Idng nhan dao cho hpc sinh", ban than gid hpc the due the thao ed y nghia quan trpng nhieu mat ddi vdi viee quan ly va giao due eon ngudi trong xa hdi. Viec hpe tap cac bai tap the due, cae ky thuat ddng tae la dieu kien can thiet de con ngudi phat trien co hdi mdt each hai hda, bao ve va cung cd siic khde, hinh thanh nang lye chung va chuyen mdn.
Hpc ngogi khda - tu tap luyen
La nhu ciu va ham thich trong khi nhan rdi cua mot bd phan hpc sinh, sinh vien vdi muc dieh va nhiem vu la gdp phin phat trien nang luc, the chat mdt each toan dien; ddng thdi gdp phin nang cao thanh tich the thao cua hpc sinh sinh vien. Gid hpc ngoai khda nham eiing ed va hoan thien eac bai hpc chinh khda va dupe tien hanh vao gid tu hpc eua hpc sinh, sinh vien hay dudi su hudng dan ciia giao vien TDTT, hudng dan vien. Ngoai ra eon cd cac hoat ddng the thao quan chiing ngoai gid hpc bao gdm: luyen tap trong cac cau lac bp, cac giai thi dau trong va ngoai trudng dupe td chiic hang nam, cac bai tap the due chong met mdi hang ngay, gid ty luyen tap, phong trao ty tap luyen ren luyen than the...
Hoat ddng ngoai khda vdi ehiic nang la ddng vien ldi keo nhieu ngudi tham gia tap luyen cac mdn t h i thao yeu tliich, gdp phan nang cao siic khde phuc vu hpc tap va sinh hoat.
Tac dung cua GDTC va cac hinh thiic tap luyen TDTT cd ehii dich ap dung trong cac tmdng hpc la toan dien, la phuang tien d i hop ly hda ehi dp hoat ddng, nghi ngai tieh eye,
192 11 ^_ TRUdNG B>9.l H g c T H a _ ? ° _ ^ l * i S l giii gin va nang eao nang luc hoat dgng, hgc tap ciia hgc smh, sinh vien trong suot thai ky hgc tap trgng nha truong cung nhu dam bag chuin bi thi lue chung va chuan bi the luc chuyen men phu hgp voi nhiing dieu kiSn eua nghe nghiep treng tuang lai.
GDTC la mon hgc chinh khoa thuge chuang trinh giag due nhim eung cap kiSn thiic, ky nang van dgng eo ban cho nguoi hpe thong qua cac bai tap va tro choi van dong, gop phin thuc hien mue tieu giao due toan dien. Nha nuac co chinh sach danh dat dai dau tu xay drag co so vat ehit eho giao due thi chit va thi thao trong nha trudng, dam bag du giao vien, giang vien thi due thi thao eho eac bac hpe... Tuy nhien, thuc tl tir truac tai nay mon GDTC v6n khong it trucmg coi la mon hpc phu. Chmh vi vay, su quan tam va dau ta cua khong it tuong dii voi mon hgc nay chua that diy du, thiit hi phuc vu giang day, hpe tap con thilu thin, khong chu trgng diu tu, thim ehi rit nhilu trucmg dai hgc, eao ding di$n tieh chat hep khong co san tap nen phai di hgc nho.
Cong tae GDTC eho smh vien trong eae nha truong eon khang it khg khan, han che.
Thi luc cua nhilu hgc sinh smh vien con kem, trong khi y thiic ren luyen TDTT chua eao, dilu kien co so vat ehit dl t l chiic tap luyen thilu thin, ngi dung mon hpe ehua hap dan nen hpe sinh, sinh vien khong hiing thii, say mS hpe GDTC la dieu kho tranh. Dieu nay phin nao ly giai thue trang hgc "dii pho" cua khong it hpc sinh, sinh vien moi gia hgc GDTC.
Nha nuoc coi trpng thi due thi thao truong hgc nham phat trien va hgan thien the chat cho ting lop thanh thilu nien, nhi ding. GDTC la ngi dung giao due bit huge dii voi hgc sinh, sinh vien duoc thuc hien trong he thing giao due quIc dan tvt mam non den dai hgc.
Thi due thi thag truong hgc bag gIm viee tiln hanh chuang trinh giao due the chat bat huge va t l chuc hoat dgng thi due the thao ngoai khoa cho nguoi hgc. Nha nugfc khuyen khich va tao dilu kien eho hgc sinh dugc tap luyen the due thi thao phii hpp vol dae diem Ilia tuli va dilu kien timg nai. GDTC la mgt bp phan quan trgng de thuc hien mue tieu giao due toan dien, gop phan nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan lue, boi duong nhan tai, dap ling yeu can xay dung va bao ve to quoc Viet Nam xa hgi ehu nghia.
Tuy nhien, giai tre hien nay ehua thue su nhan thiie dugc dieu do! Minh chiing la chiing ta c6 mgt the he duge "cham bam" qua ky va mac benh luoi van dgng, mgt the he tre dugc bao bgc qua nhieu. Di hgc c6 nguai dua don, xe dap dien dan thay the nhiing chiec xe dap diing nghia, su dung thang may nhieu hon thang bp, su dung eong nghe thay vi tham gia nhirng tro choi van dong. Cii the, thoi quen hinh thanh, tao ra can benh luoi van dgng ngay cang nang.
Chung ta co nhilu ly le cho viec luoi van dgng ciia mmh: khong co thai gian, khong CO dilu kien... Co qua nhilu ly do cho mgt thi he luon bit kip mpi trao luu... trir van dgng.
T^P CHf KHOA HOC - SD 3 0 / Z q l B _ J 193
Tuli tre co diy siic khoe nhung lai chang du da thoi gian, chiing ta cam thiy minh eon sung siie, nen tSp thi due thoi eii dl nguoi lan taoi. Mgt thi he Viet thich duge "giai tri", vui choi, huong thu nhilu hon van dgng la tu suy nghi nay ma ra. Han thi nira, voi su phat trien ciia cong nghe, chiing ta co thi chi a trong nha vin lam dugc mgi viee. Lam viec tai nha, do an thiie udng chi can dat hang qua mang la eo nguoi mang din tan nai. Tit ca cac nhu can thiet ylu cua euge sing diu dugc cung ling diy dii, vi thi ma can benh luoi van dong cang co dilu kien dl phat triln. Tam ly huong thu dang gilt chit chiing ta tii ban trong Van dgng giiip ren tmh thin va y ehi, nhmg rit it nguoi tre bilt dugc dilu nay, dl nhut chi va chan nan ciing la do thoi quen luoi van dong ma ra.
2.3. IVIot so bifn phap nSng cao chSt luong c6ng tac GDTC * tru-ong Dai ligc Tbu d8 Ha N8i
Cong tac GDTC 6 truong Dai hpc Thu do Ha Ngi dupe Dang uy. Ban Giam hieu rit quan tam, the hien qua viee thuong xuyen ehi dao dii mai, nang eao trang thiit bi ca so vat chat, san bai, dung cu va ca dpi ngii giao vien phue vu tit cho cong tac giang day, phong trao hoat ddng the thao quin chiing va cac giai thi diu thi thao sinh vien... Nam hgc 2018- 2019, Khoa Khoa hgc Thi thag va Siic khoe (KHTT&SK) da xay dung va triln khai dl an
"Giao due Th6 chat theo nhu cau nguai hgc". Tuy nhien, hien tai vin tin tai mgt sl thuan Icri va kho khan sau:
Vi thiidn loi: Nha trudng da xac dmh thay doi hinh thiic giang day eae mon hgc noi chung va mgn GDTC noi rieng theo nhu cau ngudi hpe la viec lam cap bach, thiet thuc dap ling nhu cau luon doi mai v6 phuang phap, hinh thiic dao tao trong trudng, tao dieu kien tot nhat eho sinh vien ITnh hgi, tiep thu kien thiic, ky nang mon hgc, phu hgp vdi chii truong cita cac cap Bg nganh tung budc hudng tdi tu ehu trong cac don vi co sd dao tao.
Cong tac dao tao GDTC cd sir phoi ket hgp nhip nhang, hieu qua giiia khoa KHTT&SK voi eac phdng, ban, don vi trong trudng. Can bg, giang vien trong khoa tieh cue dang ky tham gia de an giang day Giao due the chat theo nhu cau ngudi hgc cua dong dao cac em sinh vien nam thii nhit khoa dai hgc D2018 va cao dang C2018. Dgi ngii giang vien co nang luc va trinh do chuyen mon tot, dugc dao tao co ban, 100% tot nghiep dai hgc c6 trinh dg Thac sl, Tiln sT chuyen nganh The due the thao.
vi khd khdn: Trudng Dai hpc Thu do Ha Ngi nim giiia hung tam Quan Ciu Giay va Quan Ba Dinh (co sd 1 va co sd 3), dilu kien san bai ehat hep, dung cu tap luyen thieu, co sd vat chit eon nhilu han ehl, n6n cdn rit nhilu kho khan trong viec trien khai giang day cung liic nhilu Idp, nhilu mon hpe. Nhilu sinh vien chua thue sir chii trgng va nhan thay het duge y nghia, Igi ich va tim quan trpng eua viec thudng xuyen tham gia tap luyen the
194 II ^ _ _ TRUCING BAI H g C - m ^ g ^ O HAJsigi^
thao nang cao the chat cho ban than, chua thiy dupe tim quan trpng cua siic khde vdi cdng viee cudc sdng ciia mdi ngudi. Nhieu sinh vien the hang chua tdt, chua hieu ve de an nen cdn ngai dang ky tham gia tap luyen, mdt sd em kha nmig van ddng kem nen khi tham gia di an kha nang tiep thu ky thuat, ddng tae cdn han chi, thdi tiit giao mua mua nhieu dan din nhiiu Idp bi gian doan. Cac mdn thi thao hpc dudng dupe td ehiic giang day khdng ddng diu d phd thdng, nhieu mdn khdng duofc dua vao ty ehpn.
Smh vien trong qua trinh hpc tap phin ldn ehi tap trung vao cae mdn hpc cd lien quan true tiip din nhihig mdn hp se ra cdng tac sau nay ma thd a, coi nhe viec hpc mon GDTC.
Nhiiu sinh vien edn coi mdn GDTC la mdn phu. Hiu hit sinh vien tap hung cho viee hpc chuyen nganh la chinh. Khi mdn chuyen nganh dupe tap trung mpt each tdi da nhu vay thi ddng nghia vdi viec nhiing mdn hpc phu hi xem nhe.
Tu thyc ti tren day, ehiing tdi di xuit mdt sd bien phap sau:
Vi tdng thi chucmg trinh. to chuc ddo tgo vd ndng cao chdt lupmg dpi ngu gidng vien cin thudng xuyen bdi duang, tap huin, nang cao chuyen mdn nghiep vu cho dpi ngii can bd giang vien trong khoa KHTT&SK nhim nira bit kip thdi npi dung, yeu ciu ciia chuong trinh mdi; da dang hoa cac hinh thiic, phuong phap giang day; phan edng cu the giang vien bien soan chucmg trinh chi tiet, chuan bi cac dieu kien ca sd vat chat dam bao thuc hien cac de an boi dudng, nang eao the luc cho sinh vien.
Trong radi gid len lap giao vien can phai tang cudng giao due y nghia mue dich mdn hpc, thay doi each day de tao ra khdng khi thi dua trong lap hpc, nang cao nang lue giang day dae biet la phai biet su dung eac phuang phap giang day phu hpp va linh hoat. Trong mdi tiet hpc nen ap dung phuang phap trd choi va phuang phap thi diu, lien tuc cd vii, khich le, dong vien de eac em cd ddng luc luyen tap. Dua ra chi tieu phin diu d tung ndi dung va toan Idp hpc, cai tien giao hinh phu hop vdi nhu ciu va sd thich eiia hpc sinh, sinh vien. Dua ndi dung tieu chuan ren luyen the thao vao ndi dung budi hpc va ndi dung kiim tra danh gia mdn hpc, kich thich chuyen cin hpc tSp cua hpc sinh, sinh vign. Ddng thdi ciing can phai tao dieu kien dau tu ve san bai va dung eu di hpc tap tao dyng phong trao the due the tiiao tdt d hong trudng, di cao vi tri mdn hpc giao due thi ehit nhu nhihig mdn hpe khac.
Vi phia gidng vien:
Thu nhdt: Hinh thanh ddng ea hpc tap cho smh vien. Siie khde la vdn quy eua con ngudi. Cd siic khde la cd tat ca. Vay lam gi di cd siic khde? Cd nhiiu nguyen nhan khac nhau nhung viee tap luyen thi thao thudng xuyen la bien phap hiiu hieu va dan gian nhit giiip chiing ta ciing ed, giii gin va tang cudng siie khde. Mdn hpc the due lam dupe dieu
T/^P CHUCHDA HI3C - S O a O / Z p j g , 195 do. No giiip cac em giam bdt su cang ±ang met mdi trong hpc tap, lao dgng va cac smh hoat khac: giiip cac em hilu va tSp luyen dung phuang phap, diing ky thuat dong tac gop phan vao vige n ^ g cao siic khde. Cae em hieu duge van de nay se hinh thanh dgng co hgc tap, va nhu vay tao ducic su hung phan, sy hiing thii doi vdi mon hgc.
Thu hai: Tim hieu dae diem siic khoe, tam sinh ly lira tuli dl e6 phuang phap, hinh thiic bli duang, ren luyen phu hgp. Dilu nay rit quan tegng trong hgat dgng TDTT ciing nhu mon hgc GDTC de dat duge hieu qua eao nhSt, tranh nhirng tac ddng xau eg thi xay ra. cin can cii dac dilm phat trien to chit eo thi: Siie nhanh, siic manh, siic bin, linh hoat, kheo leo ciia hpc sinh, smh vien dl dua ra eac bai tap, lugng van dgng phu hgp, giiip ngudi hpe thay doi nhan thiic, tich cue tap luyen, hiing thh va say me hpe tap; qua do duy tri su van dgng, eai thien va tang cudng thi luc cua ban than.
Thu ba: Nghien ciiu ky ngi dung, bai giang phai siic tich, khoa hgc, ding thdi cai tiln phuang phap giang day.
Npi dung cua bai chinh la sir thong nhit gi&a qua trinh day va qua trinh hpe. Giang vien la ngudi cung eip kien fliiic mdi va thong qua do, thuc hien nhiem vu giao due va phat hiSn cho sinh vien. Doi vdi sinh vien, giang vien can phai chu dgng dieu khien, te chiic gid hpc de sinh vien tiep thu kien thire mgt each ehii dgng va nam virng kien thiic mgt each cd he thdng va bien nhiing kien thiic ay thanh cai ciia minh, do vay, giang vien can phai:
- Ap dung triet dl va phu hgp cac nguyen tic giang day TDTT: Nguyen tic tu tudng, nguyen tie true quan, nguyen tie toan dien, he thong nguyen tac phu hgp vdi kha nang hep thu eua hpc sinh, nguyen tac ciing co va nang cao.
- Su dung tit eac phuong phap giang day thi due, phu hgp vdi ngi dung, dgng tac;
phuong phap hoan chinh va phan doan, phuang phap giang giai va lam miu, phuang phap luyen tap, phuang phap sua chiia cac dgng tae sai...
- Cd kl hgach giang day va phuang phap tiln hanh gid thi due cu thi va hgp ly.
- Chii trpng ap dung cong nghe thdng tin vao giang day. Hien nay khong ehi rieng nude ta ma ca eac nude phat triln tren thi gidi, cac nude trong khu vuc deu quan tam den viec lam gi dl nang cao kha nang ta duy, kha nang xu ly mpi tmh hudng eua con ngudi. Va dl ed dugc con ngudi nhu thi, giao due ddng vai trd quan trgng va nhan phan ttach nhiem nang nl. Ndi din giao due chiing ta bilt cd nhieu phuong phap khac nhau de nham dat tdi mue dieh tren. phuang phap su dung phuong tien true quan va ling dung cong nghe thong tin vao giang day hien nay dang dupe nganh giao due, ciing nhu giao viSn quan tam bdi vi no cd vi tri dac biet trong viec nhan thiic cua hgc sinh sinh vien. Phuang phap su dung
196 II _^^ TRLTdNB B>aj HOC T H O BO HA N p i
phucmg tien tryc quan khdng phai la phuang phap mdi nhung iing dung cdng nghe thong tin hong giang day lai la phuang phap mdi. Lau nay, mpi ngudi chua cd quan tam dung miic ve nd nhat la phia giang vien do nhiing dieu kien chii quan va khach quan ma hp khdng the sii dung dupe bang phuang tien may tinh hong gid day, ma dac biet la mdn hpc thi due, mdn hpc khdng the thieu hong giao due toan dien. Mdn hpe ehu yeu tren san tap, mang tinh van ddng nhiiu han nhim muc dich thyc hien yeu eau eua mdn hpe la ren luyen va nang cao siic khde, gdp phin day manh qua hinh phat trien toan dien, can ddi cua ea the song song dd la bdi dudng cac diic tmh tdt, y thiic ky luat tae phong khde manh, khan truang, tinh thin diing cam, khic phuc khd khan...
Vi cdng tdc qudn ly vd ddm bdo co s& vgt chdt:
Thie nhdt: Cd ki hoach thudng xuyen va lau dai bdi duong chuyen mdn nghiep vu cho giang vien. Tren ea sd duy tri va nang eao chit lupng hoat ddng cua ca cau td chiic quan ly phong trao TDTT ciia trudng, dam bao phan edng ciia cac bp phan chiic nang, tang cudng hoat ddng ehl dao ciia Ban Giam hieu phdi hgp chat che hoat ddng ciia bd mdn GDTC vdi cae td ehiic doan thi va phdng ban chiic nang de tao mpi diiu kien thuan lai cho viec phat triin phong trao TDTT cua nha trudng dudi nhieu hinh thiic.
Viec xay dung lai chuang trinh chi tiit mdn GDTC se giiip chu ddng trong viee lua chpn dpi ngh giang vien giang day phu hop vdi kha nang; qua do vua phat huy dupe nang luc sd trudng eua timg ngudi, vua phye vu tdt cac hoat ddng phong trao, giao due siic khoe, thi chit khac cua trudng. Cin tang cudng cdng tac giao due ehinh hi tu tudng, n^ng cao y thiic traeh nhiem ciia giang vien ddi vdi viee nang cao chat lupng GDTC cho sinh vien va phong trao TDTT cua nha trudng. Td chiie cac hoat ddng sinh hoat chuyen mdn nghiep vu, cir can bd di hpc eae Idp bdi dudng chuyen mdn, hoan thien dao tao bac hpc tren dai hpc eho can bd giang vien nhat la giang vien tre.
Thic hai: Dam bao ea sd vat chat, kinh phi phue vu cdng tac GDTC. De nang cao chat lupng GDTC va hoat dong TDTT eho sinh vien, phai dam bao nhung dieu kien ea sd vat ehat, kinh phi phuc vu eho viec giang day mdn hpc the due ndi khda ciing nhu cae hoat ddng ngoai khda va ty tap luyen the thao ciia sinh vien.
- Cai tao nang cap san bai de cd the tan dung tdi da diiu kien eua nha trudng phuc vu giang day va tap luyen.
- Dam bao mua sam trang thiet bi phuc vu cho giang day va tap luyen du sd lupng va dam bao ve chat luong.
- Md rdng va tang cudng cac hoat ddng thi diu thi thao tiong sinh vien, cudn hiit sinh vien tham gia cd vii vdi sd lupng ngay cang nhieu.
T^P^Hf KHOA H O C - S 6 ^ / Z p i 9 _ J L " ^
- Xay dung dgi tuyin thi thao ciia nha trudng d nhiing mon eo t h i manh d l thi d i u giao luu, thi diu gianh giai thudng trong nhiing dip t l chiic trong va ngoai trudng.
3. KET L U ^
Trong Chuang frhih giao due p h i thong mdi, GDTC la mpt ngi dung quan trgng ein dugc ttiln khai thue hien d i n g bg va tich cue. Cac nhiem vu xay dung, phat ttiln nang lue, pham chat, nhan each ciia eon ngudi mdi n h i m dap ling yeu eiu ciia giai doan cong nghiep hoa. Men dai hoa va hgi nhap cOng ddi hdi edng tac GDTC phai thiit thue va hieu qua hon nua. Chinh bdi the, cong tac GDTC c i n dugc eu thi hea, tang cudng, d i y manh ngay ta cac CO sd dao tao, b l i duong giao vien. Cae bien phap ma chiing tdi d l xuit tten ciing la can cii vao thue ttang eu thi d trudng Dai hgc Thu do Ha Ngi, rit cin su tham gdp them cila nhieu trudng, nhieu eo sd dao tao trong ea nude, dac biet su quan tam eiia cac cip, nganh hiiu quan hien nay.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. H i Chi Minh, Bien nien tiiu sic, tap 3, - Nxb Chinh tri QuIc gia. Ha Npi, 2006.
2. Hi Chi Minh, Toan fa;;, tap 4, - Nxb Chmh tri QuIc gia. Ha Npi, 1995.
4. Ho Chi Minh, Todn tap, tap 5, - Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Ngi, 1995.
1. Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2000), Quy che gido due the chdt vd the thao trudng hgc, - Du thao lin 4 nam 2000.
5. Bui Quang Hai (2007), "Nghien ciru sir phat trien the chat ciia hoc sinh mgt so tinh phia bac bang phuong phap quan sat dgc", - Luiin dn Tiin si gido due. Ha Noi.
P H Y S I C A L E D U C A T I O N A T H A N O I M E T R O P O L I T A N U N I V E R S I T Y I N T H E C O N T E X T O F I N N O V A T I O N E D U C A T I O N
Abstract: The Government is heavily concerned about physical development for children and ihe youth. Physical education is compulsory for students from Preschool to University. Physical education is an important part to implement comprehensive educational goals, contribute to improving people's intellectual standards, training human resources, fostering talents and meeting the requirements of building and defending the country.
Keywords: Education innovation, innovation trend, physical sducation, sports.
19B II TRUdN£3BAIHpCTHLI06HANqi
phuang tien tryc quan khdng phai la phuang phap mdi nhung iing dung cdng nghe thong tin trong giang day lai la phuang phap mdi. Lau nay, mpi ngudi ehua cd quan tam dung miic ve nd nhat la phia giang vien do nhirng dieu kien chii quan va khach quan ma hp khdng thi sir dung dupe bing phuang tien may tinh trong gid day, ma dac bi6t la mdn hpc thi due, mdn hpe khdng the thieu trong giao due toan dien. Mdn hpc chu yeu tren san tap, mang tinh van ddng nhiiu hon nhira muc dich thyc hien yeu ciu eua mdn hpc la ren luyen va nang cao siic khde, gdp phin diy manh qua trmh phat trien toan di$n, can ddi cua eo the song song dd la bdi duang cae diic tinh tdt, y thiic ky luat tac phong khde manh, khan truang, tinh thin diing cam, khac phuc khd khan...
vi cdng tdc qudn ly vd dam bdo co s& vgt chdt:
Thir nhdt: Cd ki hoach thudng xuyen va lau dai bdi dudng chuyen mdn nghiep vu cho giang vien. Tren eo sd duy tri va nang cao ehit lupng hoat ddng ciia co cau td chiic quan ly phong trao TDTT ciia trudng, dam bao phan cdng ciia cac bd phan chirc nang, tang cudng hoat ddng chi dao cua Ban Giam hieu phdi hpp ehat che hoat ddng ciia bd mdn GDTC vdi cac to chiie doan thi va phdng ban chiic nang de tao mpi dieu kien thuan Ipi cho viee phat trien phong trao TDTT eua nha trudng dudi nhieu hinh thiie.
Viee xay dyng lai chuong trinh chi tiet mdn GDTC se giiip ehii ddng trong viec lua ehpn dpi ngii giang vien giang day phu hpp vdi kha nang; qua dd vira phat huy dupe nang luc sd trudng eua timg ngudi, vita phuc vu tdt cae hoat ddng phong trao, giao due siic khoe, the chat khac ciia trudng. Can tang cudng edng tae giao due chinh tri tu tudng, nSng cao y thiic tiaeh nhiem eua giang vien ddi vdi viee nang cao chat luptig GDTC cho sinh vien va phong trao TDTT cua nha trudng. Td chiic cac hoat ddng sinh hoat chuyen mon nghiep vu, cir can bd di hpe cac Idp bdi dudng chuyen mdn, hoan thien dao tao bac hpc hen dai hpc eho can bd giang vien nhat la giang vien tre.
Thu hai: Dam bao ea sd vat ehat, kinh phi phuc vu cdng tac GDTC. De nang cao chat lupng GDTC va hoat ddng TDTT cho sinh vien, phai dam bao nhiing diiu kien ea sd vat chat, kinh phi phuc vy cho viee giang day mdn hpe the due ndi khda ciing nhu cac hoat ddng ngoai khda va ty tap luyen the thao ciia sinh vien.
- Cai tao nang cap san bai de ed the tan dung tdi da dieu kien cua nha trudng phye vu giang day va tap luyen.
- Dam bao mua sam trang thiet bi phuc vu cho giang day va tap luyen du sd lupng va dam bao ve chat lupng.
- Md rpng va tang cudng cac hoat ddng thi diu thi thao hong sinh vien, cudn hiit sinh vien thara gia cd vii vdi so lupng ngay cang nhieu.
T ^ P O H f KHOA H O C - S D 3 0 / 2 5 ! ? — — • " "
- x a y dung dpi hiyln thi thao ciia nhd ttudng d nhiing mon c6 t h i manh d l thi d i u giao luu, thi diu gianh giai Ihuang ttong nhirng dip to chiic ttong va ngoai trudng.
3 . K £ T L U . ^
Trong Chuong trinh giao due pho thong mdi, GDTC la mgt ngi dung quan ttgng can dupe trien khai thue hien ddng bg va tieh cue. Cac nhiem vu xay dung, phat trien nang luc, phim chat, nhan each ciia con ngudi mdi nham dap iing yen cau ciia giai doan cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va hgi nhap ciing del hdi edng tac GDTC phai thiit thuc va hieu qua hon nira. Chinh bdi the, eong tac GDTC can dugc cu the hga, tang cudng, day manh ngay ta cac CO sd dao tao, bdi duong giao vien. Cac bien phap ma chiing tdi de xuat tren eiing la can cii vao thuc ttang eu t h i d ttirdng Dai hgc Thu dd Ha Ngi, rit c i n su tham gdp diem cua nhieu ttudng, nhieu co sd dao tao trong ca nude, dac biet sir quan tam ciia eac cap, nganh hiru quan hien nay.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Hi Chi Minh, Bien nien lieu sii, tap 3, - Nxb Chinh tri QuIc gia. Ha Npi, 2006.
2. HiChfMinh, rodiifop, tap4,-NxbChinhtriQu6cgia,HaNoi, 1995.
4. Hi Chi Minh, Todn tap, tap 5, - Nxb Chinh tri QuIc gia. Ha Ngi, 1995.
1. Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2000), Quy chi gido due thi chat vd thi thao trudng hgc, - Du thao lin 4 nam 2000.
5. Biii Quang Hai (2007), "Nghien ciiu su phat ttiln the chit ciia hgc sinh mpt so tinh phia bac bang phuong phap quan sat dpc", - Ludn dn Tiin si gido due. Ha Noi.
P H Y S I C A L E D U C A T I O N A T H A N O I M E T R O P O L I T A N U N I V E R S I T Y I N T H E C O N T E X T O F I N N O V A T I O N E D U C A T I O N
Abstract: The Government is heavily concerned about physical development for children and the youth. Physical education is compulsory for students from Preschool to University. Physical education is an important part to implement comprehensive educational goals, contribute to improving people's intellectual standards, training human resources, fostering talents and meeting the requirements of building and defending ihe country.
Keywords: Education innovation, innovation trend, physical sducation, sports.
