Cong nghe ao hoa
Ao hoa trung tam dff li^u
ThS. Doan Thanh Hai, Phd Cgc trfldng Cgc CNTH Tiep theo ky (rutfc
2.2. Ao hda m^ chij
Ao hda may chu dupc coi la mpt gili phap cho viec tieg tiig qua nhieu nang lupng. Lpi ich dlu ben la nd cho phdp hpp nhlt nhtlu flng dgng veio mpt may chit don nhat, nghTa 11 cdc flng dgng dang chay fren cac he tiidng chuydn bi$t cd till duoc ehuyin hang logt tdi mdt may chii duy nhlt sfl dgng it nang Iflong hdn.
- cac may chii ngdy nay tieu thg it di$n nang hdn rlt nhieu so vdi thdi tnjdc Oieu nay dung tiieo d nghTa den va nghTa bdng. Vi dg, neu hilu tiieo nghTa bdng, fren thgt: te sd lenh/gidy eiia cac h^
tiidng hien dai cd hidu suit cao hon nhilu.
- Trfl cdc iing dung thien vd co sd dfl lieu, phln mIm chay fren cac phln cflng chuyen biet thudng khdng sfl dung nhilu tai nguyen h^
tiidng cd san. Nd chi diln ra d ba bp phan quan frpng: VI xfl ly, RAM, vd bang tiidng mang. Do dd, cac img dung nay thich hdp d l hdp nhlt w chimg khdng chiem nhtlu tai nguyen din milt ed till giam hieu suit cua cac flng dung khdc.
Thdi gian gan day, cac may chii dflpc hdp nhlt bao gdm nhilu may ehii chung (thudng la eae bd vi xfl ly Intel vdi nhilu \n xfl ly Intel Xeon hai hoac bdn ldi). Cac may chu nay cd Ipi the v l ti' sd hieu suat sfl dung dien nang, It tdn kem, chi cln cam vao la chgy, va cd nhidu nha cung d p . Tuy nhien, nhfl da ndi, dd la ede may chii dung Chung - dki nao ciia tnjng tam dfllieu eiia mdt cdng ty, khdng thich hop cho ao hda, Va xet theo khia canh dd thi mdt phan dogn tht frudng mdi da xult hien.
May chu ao hda: Cae nha eung flng phan cflng, tieu bilu la Dell va HP, dang xay dgng cac mdy ehu cho ao hda sif dung may ehii hop nhlt. D^c trung cua ehung la sfl dgng nhilu vi xis\y da ldi, tdi ufl hda RAM va tinh md rdng cdng vap/ra.
Ngoai ra, chung cdn cd nhtlu tinh ndng d l hd frd cdc tac vg eg tiie. He thdng hoat ddng nhd hai ngudn cung flng dien dat hieu suit 90%. So vdi hieu suit 80%,Jphd bien hien tai, con sd 90% tiiut sflia mdt'di tiln dang ke).
Cudi cimg, cac he thdng nay cd tiie duoc nhung kem mdt ban sao ciia VMware ESXi 3.x. Tinh nang nay dupc chfla trong phln mIm VMware d u hinh sin fren h? thong. Mdt sd phim mem
quIn ly l o hda bd sung cua Dell cung dflpc tich hpp. Vdi sflkit hpp phln ciir\g/phln mIm nay, cac khu vgt: khdng cln mua va cai dat ridng bi$t phln mem VMware,
Cdng nghd ao hoa may chit giup tdi UU hda vide sfl dgng khdng gian, ngudn didn va gili phdp tda nhi$t frong frung tam dflli$u; gilm thdi gian tiiilt lap may chu, kilm tra phln mIm frflde khi dug vao hogt ddng. iing dgng cdng nghd l o may chu, s@ giiip doanh nghidp gilnn ehi phi quIn tr|, chi phi nhan cdng, tang hidu suit edng vigc, tang dflpc M nhu^n chung.
2.3. M hoA mfing vd Security ' Po hoi mgng
Trong may tinh, mgng ao hda la qua frinh kit hpp phln cflng va phan mIm tai nguydn mgng va cac chflc nang mang vao mpt ttifle till duy nhat, dfla fren phln mem hanh ehinh, mpt mang ao. Mang ao hda lien quan den nen tang ao hda, thudng kit hpp vdi cdng nghe ao hda tai nguydn,
Ao hda mang duoe phdn loai hoac la ben ngoai, kit hpp nhieu mang hoac eac bd phan cua cdc mang, vao mdt don v\ ao, ho^c npi bp, cung d p chflc nang mgng nhu cac tiiiing phln mIm tren mpt hd tiidng duy nhlt. Cho du ao hda la npi bd hay ben ngoai phg thupc vao vige tiiflc hi^n cung d p bdi nha cung d p cd hd frp cdng nghd nay.
cac thiet bi va nha eung d p phln mem ao hda cung d p mgng blng each kit hpp frong cae each sau:
- Mgng phan cflng, chlng hgn nhfl Uiilt bj ehuyen mgeh va card mgng, cdn dflpc gpi Id the giao dien mgng (NIC).
• Networks, nhu d e mgng LAN ao (VLAN) va container nhu cae mdy ao (VM) va Solaris Containers
- Thilt bi luu btif mang
- Mgng Ifldi truyen thdng, chlng hgn nhfl Ethernet va Fibre Channel
' Ao hda mgng bdn n g d i
Cdc thanh phln chinh ciia mdt mang ao ben ngoai la eac VLAN va chuyen ddi mgng. Sii"
dgng cdng nghd VLAN va ehuyin ddi, cac quan frj h$ thdng ed t h i c l u hinh hd ttidng vat ly thude mgng cung mdt dja phflong vao cSc mgng khac nhau ho. Ngupc Igi, cdng n0\^
VLAN ehp phdp cac quan tii hg ttidng d l ket hpp cac hd ttidng frdn cae mgng rieng biet ciia dia phuong thanh mpt VLAN md rpng cac phSn dpgn eua mpt mang cdng ty IPn.
* Ap hda mgng ndi bO
oay la mpt hd thdng ddn le dupc clu hinh vd thung chfla, nhfl v3y la miln Xen, ket hop vdi chflong frinh kilm s d t hypervisor hoac gta giao didn nhu cac VNIC, d l tao ra mot "mang frong mpt hpp." Giai phdp nay giup cai thien htgu qua tdng the cua mdt he thdng duy nhat blng each each ly flng dgng d l d ^ g neng bi^
va / hole gia cdc giap di$n.
Kit hp0 cdng ngh$ k ) hda mgng ndi bd va b&i ngoai
Mdt sd nha cung d p cung c ^ ca phln mlm ao hda mgng ndi bd va ben ngpai frong dong san pham ciia ho. Vi du, VMware cung cap san phim cung d p c l cdng ngh^ ao hda mang nOi bp va b^n ngoai. Cach hep cdn cd ban ciia VMware Id mgng frong hpp fren mdt he ttnng duy nhlt, blng each sfl dgng cdc may ao di^fc quan ly bdi phln mem ao. VMvrare sau dd cung d p phln mem co sd hg ting VMware de k^
ndi va ket hpp cdc mgng frong eac hdp nhilu vao mpt kich ban l o hda bdn ngoai.
' Bk) m ^ trong ho h d
Sfl ao hda ddi hdi c l n ed eac cdng nghe - bap gdm cac ddng phln mem mdi va sif kiem soat. Ngoai ra cdn cd cac nhan rf m*
nhfl sfl ehuyen ddi ao nhlm giup cac \\tii Ifldng tren mgng gifla cdc may ehii ao se liAi thdng theo cdc edeh cd the duoc theo d5i bdi cdc cdng eg dUde thiet k l de theo doi luu Iflpng frdn cae mang thdng thfldng.
Hon nua, sfl ao hda cung giip pha vd nhBig sif phdn quyen tiiiyen ttidng frong nganh cdng ngh?
thdng tin ttidng qua vide cho phep cae quan tri vidn ridng re cd till cho chay cdc may chu ao hda chi nhd mpt nut an md khdng can phai cd a/
chap tiiuan tflbd fA\an mua hang hay quan l y ^ vao, kho Iflu gifl, eac nhdm duy tri cdng viec kinti
1 2 4 TAP CHl nrj Hpc NGAI^ HANG • s 6 2(126) - 2/2012
doanh hay nhdm bao mdt CNTT.
Trong khi dd, cac cdng nghd bao mdt dift vao ao hda vd cac chuln mflc thgc hanh tdt nhlt thi van dang dUde phdt friln. Thi trudng cac cdng nghe nay phat trien rdng rai den mflc khach hang khdng till tiieo kip vdi cac chuan muc thflc hanh. Vln cdn thilu kha nhilu hieu biet va 1^ ndng frong ITnh vflc nay.
Cac luu luong giflg cac thilt bi ao hda cung la mdt mdi Ip ngai khac do cac bflc tfldng Ifla, eac he ttidng bao ve va chdng xdm nh^p frdi phep va cac cdng eu theo ddi khdc khdng t h i chi ra duoc lieu cac thiet bi ao cd chay tren cung mdt phln cflng hay khdng.
VOi mdy chii ESX ciia VMware va cac nen tang ao hda quan frong khdc, nhCfng dfl lieu luu thdng gius cac tiiiet bi ao se khdng dutfc ma hda. Aravamudan cho rang VMware r l t quan tam din vln d l ma hda, nhung ttfehdi fra IPi khi nao thi cac san pham eita hang cd chflc nang ma hda.
Cdc he thong nhuvShield ciia VMware va cdc cdng cu ben thflba khac cd ttil tao ra cac bflc tifdng Ifla giup chia cac thilt bi VMware, XenServer, Hyper-V va cac thiet bi ao khac thanh cac vung bao mat khac nhau nhung khdng phai t i t d cac doanh nghiep deu tiiflc hien dilu ndy. Vi dg nhu, viec tao ra cac vung bao mat khdng phai la dilm frong tam cua Rent-ACenter. Tuy nhten, khi cd sd ha ^ g ao tang len thi viec tao ra eae vimg bao mat la dieu vd cung cln thilt
Mdt sd cdng eg buc tfldng li!ra hien tai eo the xult hien frong cac luu luong may chu ao, nhung frong cae frudng hop khdc, bd phdn CNTT cln pha chdn them cac bd cdng eu ao hda cu thi. Oilu n ^ cung Idm wee quan ly frd ndn phflc tap hon
3. Tning tam du lieu ao va ao hoa Trang tam HQ lieu
3.1 Trung 1am do li$uio:
Tfl Idu tren the gidi, frung tam dfl lieu (Data- center) da la mot frong nhOng quan tam hang dlu cua eac doanh nghiep vdi muc hdu khai tilde tdi da vai frd eua CNTT nhlm tao ra sfle manh cgnh tranh cua doanh nghiep. Tmng tam dfl lieu cho phep doanh nghigp tdi uu hda chudi cung elp (supply chain), triln khai thuong mat dten tif, ket ndi cac quy trinh cdng viec quan trong cua doanh nghiep, tiiflc hten cac cdng viec nhfltdng hpp, thaig ke, phan ti'ch, bao cao va tfl ddng hda cdc quy frinh, giiip eho doanh nghiep giam chi phi, thdi gian, vd dift ra cac quylt djnh kip thdi cho sin xuat kmh doanh.
Ciing vdt su bung no ciia Internet, sfl phat frien cua CNTT, va xu hfldng toan clu hda, vide cgnh franh, hoat ddng tren tht frfldng khdng cdn gidi hgn trong khudn khd mdt khu vflc dja ly viing, miln, ngay cang nhilu cdc doanh nghidp sfl dung cac flng dung cdng nghd cao nhlm di trudc ddn dau tao the canh tranh, nlm bit cO hpi... Viee xay dflng va khai thac Dataeenter mdt cdch hidu qua la ylu td rlt quan frpng ndng cao kha nang canh tranh cua doanh nghidp frong xu the hien nay.
Dataeenter la mdt he thdng frung tam, la mdi ti\/dng tich hep he thdng chuydn dung ve phln cimg va cac ehuong tiinh phln mem, nd cung cap cac dich vu luu trif dfllieu va cac i r g dung
dam bao tinh an toan ti'ong viec frao ddi ttidng tin, ncfl hgp nhlt dfllieu cua ngudI sfl dung d l gism tiiieu chi phi quan ly chung v l CNTT eua doanh nghigp. C) mgt khia canh ndo dd, Dataeenter la not ehflg dgng, tap hop tat ea diJ liSu ciia doanh nghidpi cHa eae td chflc, nganh... nhlm hd fro viec xfl ly thdng bn va ra cac quyet dinh. Vdi mgc dich dd, cac sd lieu la nguydn lieu eua cac phep ti'nh va rat quan frong. Tfleae kit qua ndy cho ra cac thdng tin mang tinh so sdnh, tdng kit. Nhfl vay, dif lieu ddc lap da trd thanh cac thdng tin cd tinh tuong tac. Rdi dfla frdn eac thdng tin nay, con ngudi lai xflly d miic cao hon (mflc tfl duy) de frd tiidnh eac quylt dmh. Lue nay, nhu d u luu frfldfllieu dupc dat ra, Khdng
Cac thanh phan duac ao hoa
TAP CHi TIN HOC NGAN HANG • SO 2(126) - 2/2012 • 1 3
chi Iflu frfl dflpc dli hgn, sd Iflpng Idn md cdn phai frdnh dflpc cac hiem hpa tfl thien nhidn (bao, ID, dpng dat...) vd tfl con ngfldi (ddnh elp sd lidu, thay ddi sd ligu...]. Vi vay, Dataeenter phai la ndi Iflu trfl dfl ligu an tpdn. Cac phflong tign luu frfl ngay cang dUpe eli tiln tfl dia mIm ban Sd, den dia CD, dia DVD, rdi din cac server. Khi khdi Iflpng luu frfl Idn ddt ngflpc Igi vln d l la cln truy C(ip din sd lidu dd mdt each nhanh chdng, chinh xde hdn. Dp dd, bdn cgnh nhu elu tfl xdy dghg Dataeenter cdn nly smh nhu clu dich vg v l Dataeenter. Dcanh nghigp CO the thue mdy chii d l luu frfl dfl lieu hoac tfl frang bi mdy ehii va thud npi lip ddt, Doanh nghigp cung cd khi cln din "back up" (khdi phgc) do lidu hay xflly dfl lidu ttiarh nhiing ttidng tin cln tiiiet, Nhu vgy, mpt Dataeenter cd thi cung d p mpt hodc nhieu frong sd eae dieh vu ke fren,
Hidn nay, xu hfldng l o hda dang phat friln do nhu clu Iflu frfl dfl lieu Idn, mlt dd ngudn frong TTDL ngay cang tdng, Ao hda ed thi kit ndi mdt sd lUdng Idn cdc thiet b|, flng dgng vdn neng re vdi nhau, Khi ap dgng hd thdng ao hda, cdc doanh nghidp se trang bi it may chu hdn, tdn it khdng gian hdn vd van hanh tdn it didn hon.
Ao hda Trung tdm dd li$u (Data Center Virtualization)
Khi xay dflng Trung tam dfl lidu, bfldc tilp theo ciia vide tap frung hda (Data Center Consolidation) 11 bfldc thflc hi$n | p hda Trung tam dfl lidu (Data Center Virtualization). Giai dogn ao hda nay ehp phdp ngfldi quIn fr| Trung tam dfl lidu cd thi tgo ra cac IPp lo, trflu tflpng gii)a cac flng dgng, h$ thdng may chii va cd sd hg ting mgng.
Ap hda Trung tdm dfllieu la vide tgp ra mpt tiigt till Ipgic tfleae tiiflC till vlt ly, hoac la tgp ra nhtlu thgc the logic tfl mpt thgc thi vjt ly. Cac tiigc tiie nay cd tiie Id thilt bi tinh toan, hd thdng Iflu trfl, hd thdng mgng, ho^c cac flng dgng.
Nhflvdy hoan toan ed thi lo hda hlu hit cdc tiianh phln clu thanh ndn Trung tam dfl Itdu,
TAILI$UT>^AMKHAO
Applied Computer Networits - cisco system Elecfrpnic payment systems How to Create an E-Commerce Web Site Internet security policy a technical guide Network security "J.Fedor - 2001"
tfl cac djch vg mgng, hd tiidng Iflu frfl, h$ thdng tinh toan, va cdc tiianh phln kit ndi, nhfl dflpc thi hidn frdn hinh 11 va hinh 12 dfldi day.
Thgc hidn lo hda Trung tdm dfl lipu cho phep tdng cfldng higu qui sfl dgng eiia cac nguon igc tgi Trung t3m dfl lidu, kha nang cung cap djch vg nhanh hdn, v l giam ttiilu sfl anh hu^g din dp sin sdng cua cae img dgng tgi Trung tdm dfl li$u khi thgc hidn vigc bao tri, bao dudng. Hon nfla, mpt frong nhuiig Ipi Ich quan trpng ciia vide lo hda Id cd thi tgo ra cac co sd hg ting n ddc lap, rifing rd, an toan dgg trdn mdt CO sd hg ting vdt ly duy nhlt. Cac co sd hg ting IT dpc lap dflpc lo hda ndy hd frp cac nhdm Idm vide khae nhau, hd frp cdc cd sd hg ting ciia d c ddn vj thanh vidn khdc nhau dfla frdn mpt nln ting vlt ly duy nhlt •
Payment Systems in Thailand The Design, Implementation and Evaluation of an internet Payment System.
httti;//www.pcworid,eom.vn/pcvrt)rid/pnnt- Article.asp?atcLid=5f5e5d5b5b5c5c
Cac nguyen tac ca ban ve ccf sd ha ting cua Trung tann tfch hop dO" lieu theo chuan TIA-942
Tiep theo ky trOdc
4. Yeu clu dAI vdi phong may chu theo tieu chu^n TIA-942:
4.1 YSu clu chung: Computer Room la mpt khdng gian dieu khiln mdi bi/dng xung quanh de ddp flng mgc dich duy nhat la v6 bpc tiiilt bj va dudng cable hen quan frue tiep tdi cac he thdng may ti'nh va cac he thdng viln thdng khae. Cach sip ddt phai dupc phu hpp vPi thiet bj va eac ydu clu eua nha eung d p , nhfl:
•Cac yeu clu frpng tai san bao gdm tiiiet bi, cable, patchcord, phflong tien huyen din;
- cae ydu clu ve dich vg vg smh (cae ydu clu vd sinh ciia mdi phln thilt
bi ddi hdl dieh vu tflong thich eho thiet bi);
- Clc yeu clu ludng khi;
- Cae yeu khung lap;
- Cac yeu elu ngudn dien DC va cac han che dd dai mach.
4.2 Clc ydu clu khi ttiilt k l : Vitri:
Khi Ifla chpn vi fri phdng mdy tinh, cln frdnh cac vj tri bi chgn bdi cac tiianh phln ciia tda nha lam hgn che kha nang md rpng nhflthang may, frge tda nha, cdc bflc tuPng ben ngoai hode cac bflc tiJdng cd dmh cua tda nha....
Phdng may tinh phai d cac \ri fri each xa eac ngudn nhieu didn tfl nhfl cac bp biln the tilp dign, cac dpng cp va mdy phat dien, thilt bi X quang, cac may phat ra^a hodc vd tuyln, thilt bi han nhiet...
Khdng dfloc xay dflng cite sd cho phdng may tinh w cfla so md ra ngoai se lam tang nhiet dd frong phdng vd idm giam dd an toan.
Yduc^uvil^lhu^:
Kich c9: Phdng may tinh phli cd kich cd dap flng dflpc cac yeu clu da xac cKnh cua thilt bj '
eg till, bao gdm ca d e yeu cau ve khoang trdng. Kich thude cua phdng may ti'nh phai dap flng dflpc cdc yeu clu chflg thilt bi ti'ong thpt dilm tiiilt k l hidn tgi va md rdng sau nay.
Phdng may tinh phai cd cac thilt bi dien nhfl eac hg thdng diai hda hoge phan phdi dien, va UPS cd cdng suit tdi lOOkVA. UPS Idn han lOOkVA va d e logi UPS chfla eac ac quy nudc phai dupe dat frong phdng neng trii khi dflpc ydu clu bdi cd quan cd tham quyln.
Khdng dflpc dgt cac tiiilt bj khdng lien quan den viec hd frp phdng may tinh (nhfl hg thong dng din, he thdng dng hoi...) d trong, di ngang qua hoac fren ldi vao phdng may tinh.
Op cao fran: Chieu cao tdi thieu cua phdng mdy ti'nh la 2,6m tinh tfl mgt san hoan ttiien tfli eae vgt can nhflthilt bj chieu sing, camera,..
San, tudng, frIn phli dupc sdn, hoac lam tif vat ligu chdng bit bui. San phai cd d c d^c
14 • Ti!\P CHI TIN HOC NGAIV HANG • s6 2|126) • 2/2012