HOI NGHI KHOA HOC KY THUAT M O TOAN QUOC LAN THUT XX CNM
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU TUYEN THAN CAM CHAT LUDNG THAP MO THAN HA LAM D A N G CONG NGHE X O A Y LOC HUYEN PHU
ThS. HOANG MINH HUNG, ThS. NGUYEN H Q U N H A N ,
KS. NGUYfiN V A N MINH - Vien Khoa hpc Cong nghe Mo - TKV
r
dng nghe tuyen tan thu than chat lOdng tha'p da dope ap dung b nhieu ndi tren t h i gidi> ^ nhoTrung Qudc, Nga, Anh, Phap, My, Nhat, oyc bang eae cdng nghe truyin thdng nhu tuyen bang may lang, tuyen bang xoay lde huyen phu manhetit, tuyen bang mang rCfa ddc, tuyen bang huyen phu tang quay, tuyen bang huyen phu ty sinh va eae thiet bj xoay Idc huyen phu khdng manhetit. 6 Viet Nam, than chat lopng thap cung da dope xCf ly tai mpt sd mo than bang edng nghe tuyen than huyin phu tang quay va tuyen than bang cdng nghe huyin phu ty sinh nhung chu y i u dupe ap dung de tuyen ed hat Idn hdn 10 mm. De xCr ly than cap hat nhd hdn 10 mm, edng nghe tuyen than dupe ap dung pho bien hon la phOdng phap xoay Idc huyin phu, vi phUdng phap nay cd Ou diem la dp sau tuyen cd the dat den 0,5mm va hieu qua tuyen dat dupe cao hon. Viee nghien cau tuyen than cap hat nhd bang xoay lde nudc cung da dope trien khai thye hien tren quy md phdng thf nghiem eho thiet bj xoay ldc dudng kinh 200 mm va vdi 3 gdc cdn 135°; 75°; 25°. Tuy nhien, do tac dpng eCia khd khan chCi quan va khach quan nen edng nghe nay da khdng dope trien khai ap dung trong thye te san xua't.
Theo cac sd lieu thdng ke, san lopng than cam chat lopng thap tdn kho tai eae Cdng ty thupc Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than-Khoang san Viet Nam la rat Idn, gay nhiiu khd khan trong san xua't kinh doanh eua cac Cdng ty. Cd nhiiu nguyen nhan gay tdn dpng than chat lopng thap, mpt trong nhufng nguyen nhan cd ban la cdng nghe sang tuyen tai md lac hau, choa ddng bd dau to xCf ly than chat lopng tha'p, than khai thae lai va nghien than don xd ba sang.
Vl vay, can t h i i t tien hanh nghien cOu cac giai phap cdng nghe tuyen than mdi, trong do sCf dung cdng nghe tuyen xoay lde nham danh gia kha nang ha dp sau tuyen, de ap dung eho cae mo than, gdp phan dap ang dCi nhu c l u than chat lupng thOdng pha'm, eung cap cho thj trudng trong node va xua't khau.
1. Cac ket qua nghien cuu dat dirpc
1.1. Ke't qua nghien cdu dac tinh than cam chit lugng thip tai mo than Ha Lim
1.1.1. Phan tich thanh phin do hat
Kit qua lay mau phan tfch thanh phan dp hat eac m l u than cam chat lopng thap cCia md than Ha Lim dope tdng hpp trong Bang 1.
Bang 1. Thanh phan do hat than cam chat lugng tha'p (cam 7a) Cdng ty CP than Ha Lam.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cap hat (mm)
>15 10^15
6-10 3^6
U 3 0,5-^1
<0,5 Cdng
Thu hoaeh
% ' 2,61 8,26 11,52 14,06 19,74 8,32 35,48 100,00
Odtro Ak (%)
72,87 61,31 60,15 54,29 46,46 37,57 39,61 47,88
Luy tfch (-) TH (%)
100,00 97,39 89,13 77,61 63,55 43,81 35,48
Ak (%) 47,88 47,22 45,91 43,79 41,47 39,22 39,61
Luy tfch (+) TH (%)
2,61 10,87 22,39 36,45 56,19 64,52 100,00
Ak (%) 72.87 64,08 62,06 59,06 54,64 52,44 47,88
Nhan xet: ^ cam 7a. Loai than nay nam ngoai tieu ehua'n nen
• Than cam md Ha Lim tdn dpng thudc loai rat khd tieu thu.
chat IOdng thap, dp tro khoang 48 % tOdng dOdng - •^ Thu hoach cap hat 0^6 mm chiem t:^ le khoang CONG NGHIEP MO SO 4 - 2009
CNM
HOI NGHj KHOA HOC KY THUAT MO TOAN QUOC LAN THITXX 77 % va dp tro khoang 44 %, neu sang lodi 6x6mm se thu dupe than cam tieu chuan thUdng pham chat lupng tang them 1, cap trd thanh cam 6b ed the tieu thu dope.
• Thu hoach cap hat 0+3 mm chiem ti le 63
% va dp tro 41 % tOdng dOdng chat lopng than
Bang 2. Ke't qua tuyen than cam chat lugng tha'p md than Ha Lam tren day chuyen thie't bi tuyen bang cdng nghe xoay ldc huyen phii manhetit.
cam 6b
•:• Thu hoaeh than cap hat 0+0,5 mm chiem ti le ty le tUdng ddi eao khoang 36 %, dieu nay cho tha'y can^phai^sang khd thu hdi cam mjn trudc khi vao tuyen, de giam thieu bun sinh ra trong qua trinh tuyen sau nay.
Cac san pham Than vao day chuyen Cac san pham Than cam khd Than sach
Than cam bun khd pha trdn Oa thai
Than cam 6a Thu hoaeh
(%)"
100 83,79 56,63 14,81 12,35 16,21
Odtro (%) 36,02 26,87 29,67 12,97 30,67 83,34
Than cam 6b Thu hoach
( % ) •
100 79,71 55,89 12,8 11,02 20,29
Odtro (%) 43,72 33,96 37,98 13,62 37,18 82,07
Than cam 7a Thu hoaeh
( % ) •
100 74,7 52,5 10,8 11,4 25,3
Odtro (%) 48,65 37,19 41,5 14,3 39,05 82,48 1.1.2 Phan tich chim ndi
Qua k i t qua phan tieh chim ndi eae cap hat than cam chat lopng thap cd nhan xet sau:
•:• Tfnh kha tuyen than cam cap hat 1+15 mm thupc loai trung binh tuyen.
• Niu can thu hdi than cam chat lopng tOdng dOdng cam 3; ti trpng phan tuyen se trong khoang 1,6 den 1,7 kg/dm^ Khi dd thu hoach than sach sau tuyen se khoang 43 % so vdi trong cap hat.
• Neu can thu hdi than sach chat lupng tUdng dOdng cam 5; ti trpng phan tuyen se trong khoang 2 kg/dm^. Khi dd thu hoach than sach se khoang 49 % so vdi trong cap hat.
• Ti le da thai chiim khoang 50% so vdi trong cap hat.
• De he thdng tuyen lam viec cd hieu qua, eln thiit phai tach cam mjn thu hdi than cam khd chat lupng thUdng pha'm, p h i n tren sang se doa vao tuyen xoay lde huyin phu thu hdi than earn chat lupng eao.
2.2. K i t qua tuyen than cam ehlt lopng tha'p md than Ha Lam tren thiit bj xoay lde huyen phu
2.2.1. K i t qua tuyen than cam chat lOdng thap tren thiit bj xoay lde huyin phu manhetit
K i t qua tuyen eac m l u than cam 6a, than cam 6b, than cam 7a tren day chuyin thiet bj tuyen bang edng nghe xoay ldc huyen phu manhetit tai Cdng ty CP than Ha L i m dope tdng hpp trong Bang 2.
Nhan xet
CONG NGHIEP MO SO 4 - 2009
• San pham than cam khd thu hoach khoang 52 % tdi 56 % so vdi than dau vao, dp tro giam to 5 % tdi 6 % so vdi than dau vao, chat lupng dupe nang len 1 cap tOdng ang.
• San pham than cam tuyen thu hoach dat trung binh khoang 10 % tdi 15 %; dp tro dat <14
% tOdng dOdng chat lopng than cam 3 phucvu cap cho xi mang hoac xuat khau.
• San pham da thai sau tuyen thu hoaeh dat trung binh khoang tO 16 % tdi 25 % vdi dp tro >
82 % dam bao dd thai theo qui djnh.
••• San pha'm than bun sau khi vat khd dp am
< 22 %; dp tro khoang tii 30 % tdi 39 %.
2.2.2. K i t qua tuyen than cam ehlt lOdng tha'p tren thiet bj xoay lde node quy md phdng thi nghiem.
Mau than cam chat lupng tha'p loai cam 7a eua Cdng ty CP than Ha Lam dupc tuyen tren thiet bj xoay Idc nude quy md phdng thi nghiem.
Ap lyc cap lieu la mpt trong nhyng y i u td co ban anh hodng d i n hieu qua tuyen eua thiet bj xoay lde. Ap lye bom cap lieu dope thay ddi theo cac gia trj 0,5 at; 0,65 at; 0,8 at; 1 at va 1,5at. Kit qua tlif nghiem dope tdng hpp trong Bang 3.
Nhan xet
•:• San pham than cam tuyen thu hoaeh dat tO 38 den 41 % tuy theo dp tro than sach thu dupe trong qua trinh tuyen. Dp tro giam tii 10+16 % so vdi than vao tuyen, chat lupng dat tUdng dUdng than cam 5 hcac cam 6a dam bao tieu chuan thUdng pha'm cap cho nhiet dien.
HOI NGHI KHOA HOC KY THUAT M O TOAN QUOC LAN THUf XX CNM
Bang 3. Ke't qua tuyen than chat lugng tha'p md Ha Lam bang xoay loc nude.
Cac san pham Than vao tuyen Cae san pha'm than sach
Than bun Than cam tuyen Da thai
0,5 at TH (%) 100 73,43 34,73 38,70 26,57
OT (%) 47,88 40,46 39,62 41,22 68,38
0,65 at TH (%) 100 66,90 34,73 32,17 33,10
OT (%) 47,54 36,90 39,05 34,57 69,06
0,8 at TH (%) 100 63,81 34,73 29,08 36,19
DT (%) 47,72 35,50 38,74 31,62 69,27
1,0 at TH (%) 100 61,20 34,73 26,47 38,80
DT (%) 47,54 33,72 38,87 26,96 69,34
1,5 at TH (%) 100 60,35 34,73 25,62 39,65
DT (%) 47,86 33,87 38,51 27,57
L 6 9 , 1 6
Bang 4. Ket qua tuyen than trung gian bang xoay ldc nudc.
Ap lyc cap lieu (at)
1
Cac san pha'm Than vao xoay Idc Than sach
Da thai
Thu hoach (%) So trong cap
100 35,64 64,36
So than dau 38,8 13,83 24,97
Dp tro (%) 69,34 56,27 76,58 Bang 5. Tong hgp ket qua tuyen than cam 7a bang xoay loc nudc.
Ap lye cap lieu (at)
1
Cac san pham Than vao tuyen
Cac san pham than sach Than bun
Than cam tuyen Oa thai
Thu hoach (%) 100,00
75,03 34,73 40,30 24,97
Op tro (%) 47,54 37,88 38,87 37,02 76,57
• Da thai dat dp tro trung binh khoang 69 %, chua dam bao tieu ehua'n dd thai, eln phai tiep tue tuyen lai de tan thu trung gian.
••• Hieu qua tuyen dat gia tn td'i uu khi ap lyc bdm cap lieu dao dpng trong khoang 10m den 15 m opt nudc.
De tan thu than trung gian trong san pham thai cCia qua trinh tuyin lan 1, da tiin hanh thi nghiem tuyen vet, ap sua't cap lieu dope chpn la 1 at. Kit qua thf nghiem dupe tdng hpp trong Bang 4. Kit qua td'ng hdp 2 lan tuyen dupc the hien trong Bang 5.
Kit qua tdng hdp thf nghiem tuyen than chat lopng tha'p md than Ha Lam da eho tha'y:
••• Than sach thu dope dat dp tro tOdng dOdng cam 6a, giam khoang 10 % so vdi than vao tuyen va tang pham cap chit lUdng 2 bae tO cam phu pham 7a len thanh cam thOdng pham 6a dam bao chit lopng cung cap eho tieu thu trong nudc.
•:• Oa thai dp tro >76 % dam bao tieu chuan do thai.
•:• Bang cdng nghe xoay Idc nude ed the nang cao ehlt lupng than x l u , than sach sau tuyen ed dp tro giam khoang 10 % so vdi than vao tuyen. Cha't lopng san pham tOdng dOdng cam 5, hoac cam 6a tuy theo dp tro than vao tuyen.
2. Ket luan
a. Hien tai phin Idn eae md than vung Quang Ninh d i u tdn dpng chCi yeu la than cam chat lopng tha'p tren cae kho bai.
b. Bang cdng nghe xoay ldc huyin phu manhetit va xoay Idc node ed the tuyen nang eao chat lopng, xCf ly than xa'u tdn dpng tai cae md than vung Quang Ninh.
c. Cdng nghe tuyen xoay Idc huyin phu manhetit cd the ap dung cho cae md cd nhu cau san xua't than chat lopng eao nho cam 3. San pham sau tuyen la cae loai than cam 6; cam 5; cam 4;
cam 3 tuy theo nhu cau tieu thu eua mo.
d. Cdng nghe tuyen xoay Idc node cd the ap dung eho cac mo ed nhu cau san xua't than chat lupng trung binh nho cam 6; cam 5. San pham sau tuyen la cac loai than cam 6; cam 5; tuy theo nhu eau tieu thu eua mo.
e. Cdng nghe tuyen xoay Idc huyen phu rat phu hpp de tuyen than cam cap hat nhd va mjn nhd ed lyc ly tam tae dpng trong qua trinh tuyen, hieu qua
(Xem tiep trang 11) CONG NGHIEP MO SO 4 - 2009
HOI NGHI KHOA HOC KY THUAT M O TOAN QUOC LAN THUT XX CNM
thdi vu td't nhat de trdng cay, ky thuat trdng va cham sdc cay, nhu c l u dinh dodng cCia mdi mpt loai cay qua tOng thdi ky phat trien.
(iv) Quan ly khu vuc HTPHMT da dugc phCi xanh: De cdng tac HTPHMT thye sy ed ket qua tdt eln phai duy tri edng tae quan ly, giam sat eac khu vyc da dope tai phCi xanh do phai mat nhiiu nam khu vyc nay mdi dn djnh va mdi khang djnh dupe loai cay nao thfch nghi tdt nhat vdi diiu kien eua khu vyc. Cdng tac duy tri cac hoat dpng HTPHMT bao gdm: trdng lai nhyng eay da chit hoac trdng lai b eae khu vye choa dat yeu cau; phue hdi eac khu vyc bj xdi mdn va cae khu vye thoat nude khdng tdt; phdng ehd'ng chay ryng; sCf dung phan bdn, todi eay eho cae khu vyc khd can, dae biet trong giai doan dau cCia qua trinh tai phCi xanh.
• Dd'i vdi cac khu vuc HTPHMT da cd quy hoach sCr dung da't lau dai - Odi vdi khu vyc da ket thuc khai thac cd muc tieu sCr dung dat lau dai nhu xay dyng khu du ljch, khu djnh cU mdi, khu chan nudi, khu vyc nudi trdng thu9 san ... thi eung tien hanh HTPHMT nhu ddi vdi cae khu vyc can lap lai tham thye vat, khdi phuc lai he sinh thai ty nhien, tuy nhien, can chu y den dp ddc mdi eCia dja hinh. Theo kinh nghiem cua Cue Khoang san Australia, dp ddc tdi da dupe xem nhu phu hpp eho eae muc dfch sCf dung da't nho da't lam nha b 3°; da't trdng hoa mau 5°; dat lam bai chan tha gia sue 15°. Tuy nhien, tuy thupc vao dac diem eua khu vye v i dia chat, loai da't va cac dac tfnh khac cCia khu vye ma d i i u chinh dp ddc thye t i cho cae khu vye HTPHMT. Ngoai
eac dien tfch dupc sy dung trye tiep cho eac edng trinh nhu nha eCfa, ehudng trai chan nudi, hd nudi trdng thuy san, v.v. thi phan dien tfch da't edn lai cung can tai phu xanh. Viee tai phCi xanh eac phan dien tfch nay vya gdp phin eai tao canh quan, cai thien c h i t lupng mdi trodng cho khu vyc, tang kha nang chdng xdi mdn do gid va nude eho khu v y c O
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyin Xuan Tang. NhUng van de mdi trudng trong cac khu vyc khai thac sa khoang titan ven bien miin trung Viet Nam. Tap chf Cdng nghiep Mo, sd 3/2006.
2. Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Md-Luyen kim.
Bp Cdng ThOdng. Bao cao tdng k i t nhiem vu "Xay dyng md hinh ngan ngya, giam thieu d nhiem va hoan thd phuc hdi mdi trudng trong khai thae, ehe biin sa khoang ven bien". Ha Npi, thang 1/2009.
Ngudi bien tap: Dao Dac Tao
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KET QUA NGHIEN CUU TUYEN THAN...
(Tiep theo trang 7)
tuyen cao, san pham cd the dat dupe chat lupng tuy theo yeu eau cCia khach hang, thiet bj cdng nghe ddn gian de van hanh.
g. Toan bp eac trang thiet bj edng nghe ed the ehu dpng c h i tao dupe b trong node bao gdm cac thiet bj sang, may tuyen huyin phu, may tuyen tO va bang tai cac loai. Vdn dau tU thap, thdi gian hoan vdn nhanh.
h. Viec dau to day chuyen tuyen than cam chat lupng thap eho cae md than vung Quang Ninh khdng nhung se mang lai hieu qua san xua't kinh doanh cho cae md, quan ly quy hoach hpp ly bai thai, bao ve mdi tradng, tan thu tai nguyen ma edn tao viee lam cho ngodi lao dpng.l!!!
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Hou Nhan va nnk. Nghien cCfu nang eao chat lupng than xa'u bang cdng nghe tuyen xoay lde.
Bao eao tdng kit d i tai clp Bd. Vien Khoa hpe Cdng nghe Mo-TKV, Ha Npi. 2008.
Ngudi bien tap: Trin Van Trach
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CONG NGHIEP MO SO 4 - 2009