KCN, KKT - KINH NGHIEM PHAT TRIEN
Phat trien KKT ven bien gan vdi cong tac quan ly bao ve moi trucmg
LL THANH QUAN
Phd \ 11 triiVmg \ u Qmin ly ciu KKT Bg Ke hoach vii Diiu tu
Quy hoach \a tlui hi'il dan tu
Ke tir khi KKTM Chu Lai duoi ihimh liip (nam 2003), den na\. ca iiuivc da CO 15 KK 1 duac liianh lap
\oi long dien Ifch mat dai \ii mat nudc klKving 662.()(X) ha. \ ira t.\ud.
'Hiil luoiig Chinh pliii da doiiiz v bo sung ihcm 03 KKT ven bien \;io Quy hoach phat trien cac K K I \ en bien \ iet Nam den mini 2020, nang long sd KK 1 ven bien trong Qu\
hoach phai trien KKl cua ca niicic den nam 2020 theo Qu\et dinh so 1353/QD-TI^g ngiiN 23/9/2()0S cua Thu tudng Qiinh phu len 18 KKT,
\'di tdng dien tich miit diit \a mill nudc ciia cac KKT ven bien khoang 720.000 ha
Qua nhiing nam phat trien, cd the ihii\ rang, mdt .so KKT \en bien dugc thiinh lap den na\' thuc su da ddng vai trd ddng luc quan trgng ddi
\ di su phat trien kinh le - xa h(Di ciia dia phuang ndi ehung \a phat irien cdng nghiep ndi rieng. trong pham
\i \'ung \ii Cci nudc.
KKTM Chu Lai ra ddi sdm nhai va hoal ddng cua nliilu doanh nghiep tren dia ban KKTM Chu Lai da cd hieu qua, lam ihay ddi li'ch cue dien niao kmh le cua tinh (Jiiaiii:
Nam. tac (long niaiih nic toi (|ua trinh phat Irien cong nghiep o' khu
\uc mien Irung \a la) Nguu'ii (iK')p ngim sach nam 2010 dai 2.477 t\ (long. 3 thcing dau nam 2011 dat 2.033 ly dong, chiem 5S,2'r thu ngim sach lo;m tinh. du kien ca nam 2011 dat khoang 3.500 ty dong: giai qu_\cl \i(^'c liim thuoiig xuyen cho giin 11.000 lao dong, trong do holi 90% lii lao dgng dia phuong; kim ngach xuat khau Uing dan iiua ciic nam, rieng 6 thiing dau niim 2011, kim ngach xuiii khau dat 31 lii(}ii USD, chi(;'m 25,1% so vdi cii Imli).
KKT Duni; Qudt (Qiuiiii; .\';'J/)
- KKT Dung Quat cdn mang tinh dot pha hem niia. Bao ciio ciia dja phuong cho tliin, KKT Dung Quiii nop ngiin siich nam 2010 khoang 14 nghin ly ddng, tiing 28 liin so wVi nam 2005; du kien nam 2011 nop ngan siich khoang 20 nghin ly ddng.
Tu khi KKT Dun^ Quiii di \ iio hoat ddng, su phiil trien kinh te xii hdi cua ilia phuong thai sU dii co bU(V
LIUINCH hicn dang ke: gia tii san \uat cong nghi(.'p tang binh quan 53.d' ( 1\ trong cdng nghiep tang tir ^0'<
len5S,.V,...
Cac KKl \en bien khac nhu:
Nghi S«vii. N'iing ,Ang. Chan Ma_\
lang Co, \'an Phong da dinh hinh (luoc the manh rieng cua minh \ii buoc dau thu hiit duoc mdt sd dir an mang linh CIKII hat nhiin. Cu Ihe nhu:
KK 1 .Nghi .Scm cd Nhii may Igc diiu sd 2; KKT Chan May Lang Cd da thu hiit diroc dir lin khu nghi dudng cao cap Laiguna, KKT Van Phong cd dir lin cimg trung chuyen qucic te
\'im Phong...
Tinli den na\. cac KKT ven bii*n thu hut dugc khoimg 130 du an FDI
\lii long \d'n diiu tu han 25 ty USD
\ii khoang 650 du an dau tu tiong nutic \di tdng \dn dau tu gan 537 nghin 1\ ddng.
Cong tac bao \ c moi trircrng
KKl \en bicn eluoc to chiJc thiinh nhieu khu chiic nang. Vi viiy, ngoiii KK r Dung Quiil va KKTM Chu Lai hien dii thu hiil dugc nhii^u dir an dau lir co qu\ md ldn dang hoal dong san xuiit, kinh doanh, con lai phlin kin ciic KKT kliac ca ban dang trong giai doan liip quy hoach ehung xa\' dung hoiic dang trong qua irinh diiu tir xiiy dung he thdng ket ciiu ha timg phuc \ii ehung cho KK r (dudng giao thdng true chfnh);
thuc hien cdng liic den bii giii phdng mill biing (GPMB) ciic khu chiic nang xa cac du an ldn irons: KKT;
12
TAP CHI KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 9/2011trien khai xay dung khu tai djnh cu phuc vu cho phat trien KKT... vi vay, tinh trang d nhi6m mdi trudng ciia cac KKT ven bien chu y(S'u tir viec dau tu xay dung, van trong gidi han cho phep va chu'a de'n mii'c bao ddng.
Ve van de nay, trong Bao cao giam sat ciia Doan cdng lac Qud'c hdi cung da neu va cd nhan xel: '1'/
hdii het cdc KKT mdi di vdo hoat dgng, li(/n mia hoat dgng mdi d'mdc khiem tdn... nen noi cluing chu'a de'n mdc bdo dgng. Theo dd, mdi trudng nudc moi tiudug khdng khi, mdi trudng ddt. chat thdi nguy hgi ndi ehung vdn trong gidi han cho phep"
Tdna hop bao cao ciia cac Ban Quiin 1^(BQL) KCN xii KKT thuc ti"ang cdng lac biio \'e mdi trirdns, (BVMT) KCN, KKT cho ihiix mdi sd kei qua dat dugc nliu sau:
Cdng lac xir ly mdi irirdno tai cac KCN, KCX, KKT da limg buc^c di \'ao ne nep va cd nhung chuyen bien tich cue. Viec xay dung tram xii' ly nudc thai tap ti'ung trong KCN, KKT da dugc cac co quan cd thaim quyen quan tam thiic clay. Den nay.
ca nudc cd 173 KCN. KCX da di
\'ao hoat ddng, trong dd 105 KCN xay dung xa di vao van hanh nha may xir ly nude thai, cdn lai dang trong giai doan xay dung va GPMB.
Nhu vay, so vdi nhiing nam dau ciia ke hoach 5 nam 2006-2010, ty le cac KCN cd cdng trinh xir ly nu'(i'c ihiii tap irung duo'c \an himh da lang iC-n dans: ke (id eim 35% irone niim
2006 len han 61% tinh cho de'n nay). Cac KCN trong KKT da thu hiil dau tu va cd cac du an dang san xuat, kinh doanh nhu: KCN Bac Chu Lai, KCN Tam Hiep (KKTM Chu Lai), Phan khu Sai Gdn Dung Quiil (KKT Dung Quiil) da xay dung h(5 thcing thu gom nu'dc thai va nha may xir ly nii'cic thiii. Vice d nhiC'in khi Ihiii, lieng dn dugc han che. Y\cc thuc hiiin cac qu\' dinh \'(: xir ly chat thai ran dugc hiiu het ciic doanh nghiep nghi(iin tiic chap hanh. Tai mdi sddia phucmg, \icc ihu gom, xir ly chai thiii nsiuy hai tir cac KCN, KCX dugc trien khai tdi.
- Trong nam 2009, cac Ban Quiin ly Clic KCN, KCX, KKT da ihuc hiiin 255 cudc thanh tra, ki(5m tra \v mdi trudng trong cac KCN, KCX, KKT. Rieng trong 9 thang dau nam 2010, sd lugng cac cudc thanh tra, ki(2'm tra mdi trudng la 288 cudc, tang 33 cudc so vdi ca nam 2009.
Ben canh dd, hieu qua ciia cac cudc thanh, kiem tra cung tang rd ret, da cd 207 'VU \ i pham mdi tru'dng dugc phat hien.
Y thiic bao ve mdi trudng, san xuat sach hon ciia cac doanh nghiep da dugc tang len, the' hien rd nhat trong cdng tac xir ly nudc thai. Hau het cac doanh nghiep phat tridn ha tang KCN, KCX da lap phuong an xay dung nha may xir ly nudc thai tap trung.
Tu\' nhicn. ben canh nhulig k(;M qua dat diroc. quii trinh diiu lir phiit trien ciie KK T. KCN trorm ihivi siian
qua Cling khdng tranh dugc nhung ton lai va han che. Cu the nhu sau:
Mdi tru'dng nudc mat, mdi tru'dng nudc bien ven bd, cac he sinh thai vii da dang sinh hgc viing hien ven bd bj tac ddng manh tir hoal ddng cua cac KKT.
- Nhi(Su dja phucmg chua chii ddng trien khai cac chi'nh sach BVMT ciia Nhii nircic. Mdt sd KKT viin xay ra \i pham phap luat \'c BVMT do y thiic ciia doanh nghiep, do thieu su quan ly chill che tir cac ca quan quiin ly.
Viin de xir ly chai thai ran, chai thai nguy hai lai m()l sd KKT, KCN trong KKT cdn nhii^u bat cap, dac biet la \iec bd tri tram tmng chuyen chai thiii riin vii niing luc xir ly chai thai nguy hai ciia nhidu dia phuang chua dap iing dugc cac quy djnh ciia phap luat.
Va'n de xir ly khi thai, nudc thai d mdt so ca sd san xuai, kinh doanh chua thuc hien dung quy dinh, nhieu CO sd chua dau tu ddng bd he thdng xir ly khi thai hoac khdng dau ndi vao he thd'ng xir ly nudc thai lap trung ma tu xir ly cue bd khdng dat quy chuain \a xa ra mdi tiardng gay d nhiem.
Cdng tac quan trac tai KKT thuc hien cdn thieu ddng bd, khdng dinh ky thudng xuyen do thieu ngudn kinh phi; nang luc ciia cac dan \'j quan trac tai dja phuang cdn han che, thieu sir dau tu ddng bd ca
\'e ngudn nhan lire \'a kinh phi.
Kho khan trong cong tac quan ly BVMT
Md hinh phat trie'n KKT cdn mdi me ddi \di dat nudc ta nen he thd'ng
\'an ban phap luat \(§ BVMT ddi vdi KKT chua hoan chinh, thie'u ddng bd. thie'u cac dac thii cu the; nhi6u quy djnh cdn chdng cheo, chua rd rang vi vai lid, trach nhiem cung nhu \'iec phan cap, iiy quydn trong cdng tac BVMT giii'a cac ca quan quan ly mdi tmdng cd lien quan tai KKT KCN. Cdng tac BVMT, dac biet la cap huyen, xa cdn bj budng Idng, cdn nhidu bieu hien ne tranh hoac dim day giira cac ca quan. Tai nhieu dja phuang, trach nhiem qiian (Xem tiep trang 16)
TAP CHI KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 9/2011
