KINH TE
ccf HOI VA THACH THlfC TlJ HIEP DINH DOI TAC TOAN DIEN VA TIEN BO XUYEN THAI BINH DlTOfNG (CPTPP) DOI VOfI NGANH CAO SU VIET NAM
• v o HOANG AN
T6M TAT:
Ben canh cdc thu3n ldi, ngdnh Cao su Viet Nam dang phai doi mdt vdi nliieu thdch thflc tfl Hi?p dinh Dd'i tac todn dien va tie'n bp xuyen Thai Binh Dfldng (CPTPP). Bdi vie't nay phan lich nhifng cd hdi va thdch thflc cua nganh Cao su Viet Nam hien nay va de xua't mot sd'giai phdp can thdo gd d^ tdn dung nhffng cd hdi vd dem nang tfl CPTPP mang de'n cho Nganh.
Tfl khoa: Ngdnh Cao su Viet Nam, cO hdi, thach thflc, giai phap, Hiep dmh Dd'i tac toan dien vd Tien bd xuyen Thai Binh Dfldng (CPTPP).
1. Gidi thi$u chung ve CPTPP
Hiep dinh Dd'i lac Todn dien vd Tien bd xuyen Thai Binh Dfldng (CPTPP) la mot Hiep dinh thfldng mai tfl do the he mdi, tiSu chuan cao, todn di?n, khdng chi cdt giam thue quan nhfl cdc FTA pho bid'n, ma cdn lien quan de'n lao dong, mdi tnrdng, mua sam cua Chinh phu, doanh nghiep nha nfldc, cung nhfl dfla ra cdc yen cau ve minh bacb hda. cd che gidi quye't hanh cba'p cd tinb rang budc
^a chdt che. CPTPP va cac FTA dfldc nban dinh Id tao nhieu cd hdi nhflng cung mang de'n nhieu Ihdch thflc cho nen kinh te Viet Nam.
Hiep djnh Ddi tac Toan dien vd Tie'n bd xuyen Thai Binh Dfldng (CPTPP) thay the Hiep dinh Ddi
•dc \uyen Thdi Binh DflOng (TPP) sau khi Hoa Ky lujenbd rut khdi TPP vdo ngay 21/01/2017. 11 nirdc thanh \ ien cdn lai cua TPP. bao gdm: Nhdt
Ban, Canada, Uc, Mexico, Singapore, Malaysia.
Chile, Viet Nam, Peru, New Zealand, Brunei thd'ng nbd't tie'p tuc TPP dfldi ten goi mdi id CPTPP trong bdn Tuyen bd'chung ngdy 11/11/2017 tai Dd Ndng ben them Hdi ngbi APEC 2017. Vao ngdy 8/3/2018. Hiep dinh CPTPP da dfldc ky ke't chinh thflc tai Chile. Kinb te'cua khd'i CPTPP chie'm tdi 13.5% tdng GDP va gan 15% tdng thUdng mai todn cau ndm 2016. ddn dau la Nhat Bdn, chie'm 48,6%
trong toan kbd'i (Xem Bang).
Theo bao cao cua Ngan hdng The gidi (World Bank - WB) cdng bd ngay 05/3/2018, vdi viec tham gia CPTPP. dfl tinh den nam 2030, ldi ich cua nen kmh le' Viet Nam dat dfldc thdng qua tang irfldng GDP la 1,1% trong dieu kien binh ihfldng va dat 3,5% trong dieu kien tan dung cdc cd hdi de kich ihich tans ndng sua't .san xudl.
So 1 -Thang 1/2020 79
Bang. GDP cua 11 nUdc thdnh vien CPTPP
STT 1 Quoc gia
1 Nhal Ban - Japan 2. Canada 3. ijc - Atjstmlia 4. Mexico 5- Singapore 6. Malaysia 7 Chile 8. Viet Nam - Vtetnam 9 Peru 10 New Zealand 11 Bmnei
' T TSng GDP Irong WKS CPTPP
GDP nam 2016 (tyUSD)
4 940 1.530 1.205 1.047 297 297 247 205 192 185 11,4 10.156,4
Ty tnjng % GDP Irong toan khS CPTPP
48.6 15.1 1 11,9
10,3 2,9 2,9 2,4 2,0 1,9 1,8 0,1 100
Dan so (tri#u nglldl)
36,96 24,7 124 5,61 32,05 18,37 92,7 31,83 4,84 0,42 498,48
•; htlp%://tradingeconomic'i.com vd World Bank
1. Kim n g a c h xuS't k h a u cua l o a n n g a n h C a o su \ ivt N a m n d m 2018
\ : i m : n i s . long kim ngach xuat k h i u lodn ngdnh Cao --u \ ici Nam ude dat {i.57 i\ USD.
Trong do. gid in vudt khdu ca». sdn phd'm cao su fldc dat 2.}2 \\ I S I ) . chiem i\ irons : r trong
Bieu dd: Cd cau gia trj xuat khdu cija toan nganh Cao su Viet Nam nam 2018
loiii: kiiii ngach \ u d t khdu loan ngdnh Cao su. iang
^:.'•l^ so \ d i ndm tnfde. Xuai Uiaii cao NU ihien nhien i C ' S l N i dai khodng 2,09 i> L'SD. chiem . i l . S ' i . vudt Ivliaii n g u \ e n lieu gu cao su \ a san phd'm gd cxo s u d a t k h o a n g 2 . l ( i i > L SD. ddng gop v . S ' , \ d o long gid in xud'l khau cua lodn ngdnh C a o su i . \ c n i Bieu d d i .
.'. Cfl hdi ^a t h a c h thflc tfl C P T P P ddi vdi n g a n h C.io su
/. Ddi vol cao MI thien nhien, CPTPP cung vi'ii Hiep dinh Thi/dng mai hdng hoa .-\SEA\ lATiOAi sO dfla thuc nhap khdu cao s u l h i e n nhicn LUJ VjCn Nam tfl ihuO suai '••'< giam cdn O'^'f Dieu nav luo thuan ldi rai Idn cho cdc nhd chd hien ldp \ c dang phat ini-n ldp radial \H> ihcp \ a co nhu cdu nhdp
80 So' 1 -Tffdng 1/2020
Nguy§n !i§u gova sSnph^m
g6 cao su 2,16 ty USD,
32,8%
^
'• "^am, Hiep hgi '' '^ain long hdp
KINH TE
kh^u nhffng chiing loai phu hdp nhflng Viet Nam sdn vuai u nhflTSR 20, TSR 10. RSS. Dong thdi.
cdc nhd che bie'n san pham tfl latex cd cd hdi nhap khau cao su ly tam cua Ma Lai, Thai Lan vdi ihue' suat 0% de trdnh thieu hut ngudn nguyen lieu, dac biet vao rnila khd.
Song, chinh sdch thue' nhap kha'u nay ddn de'n sfl canh tranh gay gat cho cao su thien nhien Viet Nam ngay tren "san nha" vdi cao su nhdp khau tfl Ciic nfldc trong khu vflc, trong khi viec xua't kha'u cao su Vifet Nam dang gap nhieu khd khan do gid ihii^p va cung vfldt cau tren the gidi.
2. Ddi vdi sdn phdm cao su, mdi nu'dc thdnh
\ien CPTPP cd Id trinh cdt gidm rieng cho tflng nhdm sdn pham vd se loai bd hoan toan thue'quan irting vdng 16 ndm sau khi CPTPP cd bieu Iflc. Do Jo. CPTPP tao cd hdi cho san pham cao su Viet Nam md rdng thi Irifdng den cdc nfldc ma cdng nghiep san pham cao su chfla phdt tnen nhieu nhu"
Peru. Chile. Brunei, New Zealand, Uc. Ddng thdi, Vi?i Nam cd the nhap khau cao su tdng hdp, mdy mdc thid't bj hien dai tfl cac nfldc cd the'manh nhfl Nhdt Ban. Canada, Singapoie vdi mflc thue 0%, nhd vay sc giup doanh nghiSp giam gia thanh va nang cao ndng Iflc canh tranh.
Tuy nhidn, Vi$t Nam sc phdi dd'i mat vdi sfl canh tranh cila nhflng nfldc cd ngdnh cdng nghiep che bie'n cao su phdt trien manh nhfl Nhat Ban, Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore vdi san pliam gia re hdn khi thue nhap khau bdng 0%.
Ngodi ra, hdng rdo ky thudl cua cdc nu'dc nhdp khaucd yeu cau cha't lu'dng cao cung se la rao can can vfldt qua de tan dung cdhpi thue giam.
J. Doi vdi sdn phdm go cao su, nhu cau cua tbi tn/dng dang tdng nhanh khi xu hfldng sfl dung rflng irong dflijc khuyen khich d nhieu nfldc. Day la nhfim san pham nganh Cao su it gap sif canh tranh vdi cdc nfldc thanh vien CPTPP. ngay ca vdi Mahnsia la nfldc phat trien manh ve san pbam go cao su, nhd gid cua Viet Nam tha'p hdn. Dfldc htfdng thue suat nhap khau 0% dd'i vdi nguyen vat iicu \d Ihiet bj cao ca'p can cho cdng nghiep che hien gd. se giup nganh Gd cao su Viet N^m giam gia thdnh, chuyen dd'i sang cdng nghe tie'n bg vd ndng cao ndng Iflc canh tranh. Tuy nbien. irons
tifdng lai, ldi the ve gid sc khdng cdn thu hut khdch hang nbieu ne'u khdng cd gia'y chflng nhdn ngudn gd'c hdp phap vd quan ly ben vflng cbo gd cao su.
4. Cong nghiep hd trif vdi nhiing sdn pha'm lmh kien cao su cho nganh 6 td va nhieu nganh cdng nghiep khac ciia Viet Nam cd cd hdi phat trien nhanh hdn nfla nhd nguyen vat lieu va thie'l b|.
may mdc cao cd'p dfldc nhdp khau vdi mflc thue' 0%. cung nhflsan phd'm tfl cdng nghiep hd ird cua Viet Nam cd nhieu trien vpng md rpng sang cac nu'dc CPTPP. Tuy nhien, theo chieu ngfldc lai, doanh nghiep Viet Nam dflng trflde nguy cd san pha'm cao su cua cdng nghiep hd ird tfl cdc thanh vien CPTPP. dac biet tfl Nhat Ban, Malaysia dl dang tham nhap vao thj trfldng trong nfldc, gay dp lu'c canh tranh rd't ldn.
5. Cdc cdhgi khde mang den tfl CPTPP va FTA cho ngdnh Cao su cdn la trien vpng ve da dang hda tbi trifdng xud'i nhap khau, irdnh phu ihudc qud mflc vao lhi trfldng Trung Qud'c. Ben canh do.
CPTPP lao sfl thu hut vd'n dau tfl trflc lie'p ciia nfldc ngodi vao Viet Nam de hdp tde lien doanh san xua't san pha'm cao su khi thue nhdp khau cdc nguyen vat lieu, mdy mdc, thiel hi vao Viet Nam giam dan de'n mflc 0%, tao dieu kien kbai thdc dich vu tai cdc khu cdng nghiep tren da't cao su, dong thdi, thuc da'y ngdnh Cao su tham gia sau vao chuoi gid tri gia tdng trong nfldc va qud'c le'lfl khdu cung ca'p nguyen lieu cao su thien nhien de'n sdn xud'i thdnh phd'm cho tbi trfldng npi dia va xua't khau.
6. Ben canh cdc thuan lUi, nganh Cao su dang dd'i mat vdi nbieu thach thflc can thao gd de tan dung nhflng cd hpi vd tiem nang mang den tfl CPTPP va cdc FTA:
- Can boan thien chinh sdch quan ly chdl Ifldng cao su thien nhien: Hien nay, he thd'ng quan ly cha't Ifldng cao su thien nhien chfla ddng bd va chfla cd cdquan chfle ndng quan ly cha't lfldng cao su tieu dien Mai khac. Viet Nam chf mdi cd tieu chud'n qud'c gia ve san pha'm cao su thien nbien dau ra, chfla cd tieu chua'n qud'c gia dd'i vdi nguyen lieu dau vao. nen chfla cd cd sd pbdp ly de ngan chdn viec pha trdn lap cha'l vao nguyen lieu, gdy anh hfldng de'n cha't Ifldng cua cdc nha mdy che bie'n mii cao su.
So 1 -Thang 1/2020 81
- Chi nhflng sdn phdm dap u'ng cac qu> iac \udl xfl trong CPTPP mdl JiA's hifdng thue suai ifu ddi IX) d<'». can hd trd cho duanh nghiep c.iv> su ndm hdi m \e cac qu\ ldc \d thu tuc chflng nhdn xudt .xfl Irong CPTPP dd'i \di cdc san phd'm ciia nganh Cao su
- \loi sii chinh sdch thue gay vfldng mac \ a Iam giam sflc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep cao su \ i e i Nam so vdl cac nfldc trong khu vflc. hien nay. cao su ihicn nhien khdng dfldc htfdng chinh sdch nhu' cdc ndng san sd che khde. vdn phai ke khai. linh ndp ihue'gia tri gia iang trong khdu kinh doanh thfldng mai \d xud't khau. tu> sau khi xua'l khd'u dfldc hodn thue. nhflhg DN phai chiu nhicu thiel hai do ihdi gian vd'n \a> keo ddi. cdn Nhd nfldc ton nhicu cdng sflc kicm trade hodn thue \d khdng ldng difdc ngdn sach
4. Cdc giai phap va kid'n nghi d^ xua't 4.1. Kien nghj vdi Hi^p hgi Cao su \ iei .\ani Dc tan dung nhflng cd hdi \d liem nang cua Cin"PP \d cdc FTA mang den cho nganh Cao su
\ ici Nam giijp dd'y manh ldc dd ldng infdng xua't khd"u. nid rung lhi trfldng. cung nhfl gia tang gid trj san pham trong qud trinh hpi nhap kmh te qud'c le.
kicn nghi can lap trung nhiing gidi phdp sau:
- Tiep tuc cdp nhdt. pho bien Hiep dinh CPTPP vd cdc FTA lien quan cho cac hdi vien ihdng qua cac hdi thdo chu\cn dc. dn pham ihdng iin dc hdi
\icn ndm difdc cdc cam kC-i ciia Viel Nam vd dd'i Iac. tfl do. CO ihc lan dung difdc cac u\j dai \e ihuc quan.qu\ ldc xudl wi
- Khuscn khich hoi \icn tham ijia sfl dung Nhdn hieu chflng nhdn "Cai) sn \ lOi Nam" de du'de tham dinh hJng nam \c chat ludmi. u\ iin vd ap dung cac ticu chi phdi iricn hen \flng. cd irdch nhicm xd hdi \a mdi irudng. ngudn giVb<lpphdp
\d tru\ xud't difdc. kei hdp flng June ^a., tieu chi Clia chflng chi qudc lc dap flng nhu cau ciia thi irifdng \a nang cau u> iin CIM thifdng hieu nganh llicp hdi dang \a> difng. Ddng thdi, qua do.
doanh nghidp difdc cic chu\cn gia hu'dng dan cdi iicnqu.inh \d qu\ irinh sdn xudt. lam cd sd ojam gu ihdnh \a iang hieu qua kmh tC-'. ndnucao nanu life cinh tr.mh
- lang cifdng hdp lac vdi cac lo ehflc tnmg ninic
\a qude lc JO ho nd hdi \ieii ihu^ hicn ^-j^ ehflii"
62 So 1-Thdng 1/2020
, - , , ,,1,, ,-au ciia thi nhan quoe lc \a quoc gia i. ^i' ^^" *- trfldnc vd khach hdniz.
- Ddy manh edng^ae xiic nc.i iHuotigmai tai thi ui/dng ciia cdc nu'dc thanh \ icn uong Hiep dinh CPTPP \d cac FFA eo lien quan den ngdnh Cao su. hd ird hdi vien md rdng ngudn khach hang.
- Cap nhdt thu'dng xu>en cSc nghien cflu thi irfldng \ a ilnh hlnh chudi gid tri nganh hang cao su dc ed cci sd khuyen edo cho doanh nghiep, hpi vien chuye'n dd'i cd ca'u sdn phd'm phu hdp vdi nhu cau Clia thi trfldng. cung nhfl phdl hien nhiing cd hpi hdp tde, ke't nd'i trong chudi cung flng cua ngdnh Cao su.
4.2. Kie'n nghi vdi cdc ccf quan Nhd nttdc Cdc chinh sdch va giai phdp quan ly cua Nhd nfldc ra'l can dfldc tang eu'dng de kip thdi tao khung phdp ly phu hdp cho viec tan dung cdc cdhdi cua CPTPP va cdc FTA, giup doanh nghiep dinh hfldng diing dan trong qud trinh hdi nhap qud'c le'. Kie'n nghi cac cd quan Nha nfldc nhiJng giai phdp sau:
- Hoan thien khung phap Iy cua he thd'ng qudn l)* cha't Ifldng cao su thien nhien va ,san pha'm cao su Viet Nam vdi cdc tieu chuan, quy chua'n quo'c gia dong bo tfl nguyen lieu dau vao den san pham dau ra.
- Xdy difng cbinh sach flu dai cu the di thu hiil vdn dau tif trong nfldc va vd'n nfldc ngodi nhdm plidt trien cdng nghiep che'bie'n sau san pha'm cao su va do go cao su cd gia tn gia tang cao; hd trd doanh nghiep doi mdi cdng nghe, nang cao chat lifdng san pha'm.
- Hoaeh dinh dai han cdc chfldng trinh xuc lien Ihifdng mai vd xay dflng thfldng hieu nganh hdng ^ CLing nhfl thfldng hieu cua doanh nghiep '*
5. Ke't iuan
Tdm lai. de' cdc gidi phap kie'n nghi tren dfldc \
>^c hien nhdm tan dung cd hdi cua CPTPP va cdc ^*
1A mang den. g.up ngdnh Cao su Viet Nam da^y ^i mZ " " " "'^^"S ""^'^ ^^^^ md rdng thi ^
„„ . „ : ' *" "-"'S "<> gia tri gia tang d a * ' ''"' "'-^ >''*'hop clialclie, hieu
K i p i l i ,
"^ "''en quan trong chu6i gii tri
^ " " * » " g * l „ h Siich plifi hop
„ •"•:'"';-.™ngnhKsifhStrO,h(Jp
"-•"i-'nganhhiing, '
KINH TE
TAI LIEL THA.M K H A O :
/. Hdp hdi Cao su Viet Nam (2019). Thong tin Chuyen de Cao su - Tap 03 nam 2019. Nha .\udt bdn Ndng nghiep.
2. Bg Cdng Thucmg (2019). Quye'l duih sd 456/QD-BCT ngdy 01/3/2019 cua Bg Cong Thifemg ve Ke hogch llnfc liii-n llirp dfnh Dcn ldc Todn dien vd Tien bg .xuyen Thdi Binh Difcfng (CPTPP) Trang dien td Bg Cdng Thifimg - cplpp.moil.genwn
3. Hifp dfnh Ddi tde Todn dien vd Tien bg .xuyen Thdi Binh DUctng (CPTPP). Trcing dien id Bg Ce'mg Thifemg - cpipp.inob.gov.vn
4 TTC (Internatiemal Trade Center) (2019). liltps//li-adc'map.cng
Nga> nhSnbai: 16/12/2019
Nga> phan bi?n danh gia va su'a chiia: 26/12/2019 Nga> ChS'p nhSn ddng bai: 6/1/2020
Ihdng tin ldc gia:
ThS. VO HOANG AN Hi^p h$i Cao su Vi^t Nam
COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP:
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR VIETNAM'S RUBBER INDUSTRY
• IVIaster. VO HOANG AN Vietnam Rubber Association
ABSTRACT:
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) brings not only advantages but also challenges lo Vietnam's rubber indu.stry. This paper analyzes the current opportunities and challenges of Vietnamese rubber industry and proposes some solutions to help the industry take advantage of opportunities and overcome challenges brought by the CPTPP.
Keywords: Vietnam's rubber industry, opportunity, challenge, solution. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).
So 1 -Thang 1/2020 83
