odi m6i ctfchexac djnh tUvan dau tUxay diTng
Mechanism innovation in determination of construction investment consultant fees
Ngay nhan bai: 23/3/2017 Ngay sira b^i: 18/4/2017 Ngay chap nhan dang: 5/5/2017
TOM TAT
Trong linb vflc dau tfl xay dflng cong trinh, boat dpng tfl van dau tu xay dflng c6 vai tro het sflc quan trong va la bo phan khong the tach rcJi. ChSt lilOng cua ho^t dong tfl van dau tfl xay duiig anh hudng d i n ky, my thuat, tien do, chat IflOng va hieu qua cua cong trinh. De nang cao chat IflOng cfla hoat ddng tfl van dpi hoi chi phi tfl van cung can phai co nhflng doi mcii.
Mpt trong nhflng d6i m6i can phai hfldng tdi Ik sfl thay doi ve each thflc ti^p can va cd che xac dinh chi phi tU van phu hop vdi yeu cau quan ly boat dpng tfl van va quy dinh ciia phap luat hien hanh. Bai viet nay trinh bay mot so thay doi cua ca che xac dinh chi phi tfl vin dau tfl xay dflng d l kiem soat chi phi dSu tfl xay dflng theo hUdng dan mdi cua Bp Xay dUng.
TU khda: doi mdi cd che, chi phi tfl van dau tfl xay dflng, kiem soat chi phi dau tfl xay dflng
ABSTRACT
In construction investment field, construction consultant services play an important and integral role. The quality of construction investment consultant services affects the technology, art, performance schedule and effectiveness of the project To improve the quality of these services, consultant fees must be innovated. One of the tended innovations is the change of approach and mechanism to determine the consultant fees appropriate to the requirement of consultant services' management and current legislations. This article shows some changes in the determination of construction investment consultant fees in order to control the construction investment costs under the new guidelines of the Ministry of Construction.
Keywords: mechanism innovation, construction consultant fees, construction investment cost control.
NCS.ThS. Le Manh Cfldng, TS. Le Van CU, ThS. Hoang Xuan Hiep Vien Kinh te xay dflng
Le Manh Cu'dng, Le Van CU, Hoang Xuan Hiep
1. CIc y^u td I n h hfldng d^n chi phi t u viin dau t U x l y difng Hoat ddng tU van d l u t f l x l y dUng I I cdng vi§c ddi hdi ngudi thiA hi§n (chuyen gia tfl van) phai cd trinh do, ky nang, cd tinh chuyen nghiep, ludn c l p nhat vdi trinh dd phat tnen cfla the gidi (nhlt II d l i v6i cong t i c thiet ke) de dap flng d l y dfl c i c y§u cau khich hang ddng then p h l i tuan thu theo dung vdi c i c quy djnh cua phap l u l t lien quan. Dl k i l m soit chl phi t u v l n d l u tU x l y dUng can xem xet vi§c xac dmh chi phi cua hoat ddng t u van dau t u xay dung dUdI t i c ddng cua mdt s6yiu td:
- CIc y l u td cd lien quan d i n dac d i l m , d i l u k i l n cu the ciia cong trinh
-I- Loai, cap, quy md va mflc dp phflc tap cfla cong trinh la y l u td lit quan trong cd anh hfldng quyet dinh d i n chi phi can bd ra d l thi/c hi?n eie cdng vi&c tU van. Vdi cflng mdt loai cdng trinh, n l u cong trinh quy md Idn, yeu cau phflc tap se c i n chuyen gia t u van cd trinh dd cao, giau kmh nghiem hon so chuyen gia tUvan cua cdng trinh quy md nhd, yeu c l u ky thuat don g i l n .
•<- CIc yeu td v l d i l u kien tU nhien, dieu ki^n dia chat thuy van, dieu kien kmh te xa hdi d noi dau tU x l y dflng cdng trinh cd I n h hfldng den cic hap phi de hinh t h i n h s i n pham cfla boat dong t f l van Hay ndi each khac, boat dong t u van cd the thich hop ddi vdl mdt thuc the cu the, trong mdt bdi c i n h , tinh hudng va thdi gian n h l t dmh nhUng cd the 1^1 khdng thich hop cho mdt thUc the khlc, h o l n c i n h cung nhU thdi gian khac.
+ Yeu cau v l tien dd thflc hi§n cung I I n h i n t d t i c ddng Idn den chi phf thflc hien cdng vtic t u van. Khi cdng trinh cd yeu c l u thdi gian thu'c cdng vi^c t f l van nhanh, khan trflong thi hao phf cho cdng t i c tif van cung se ddi hdi cd su khlc bi&t so vdi y l u cau t i i n dd thdng thudng
- CIc yeu t d thudc ve ve trinh d p chuyin mdn cua chuy§n gia tU v l n . Do y l u c l u phflc tap cfla cdng vi§c, c i c chuyin gia t f l van thuftng cd trinh do t f l dai hoc trd len v l p h l i tham gia cac Idp dao tao de Stiac cap chflng cht h l n b n g h i ( q u i n ly d u I n , g i l m sat, ky sfl ^ n h gia) phii hop vdl cdng viec t f l vin thflc h i l n . Do v l y , khi xac Sinh chi phi tu vin can Iflu y chi phf tien luOng cua chuyin gia tU van khlc vdi tien lUcfng cfla iao ddng phd thdng thdng thudng. Ngoli ra, kinh nghiem cua chuyen gia t f l v l n ciing 1^ vande quan trong. Kinh nghilm du^c coi nhLf mdt trong nhOng y l u td I n h hudng den c i c ky nang cua chuyin gia khi dfla ra cic ldi khuyen hflu ich cho chfl dau tu, Thdng thudng chuyen gla tuvan cd thdi gian Um viec c&ng lau thi mflc t i l n Ifldng cang cao.
- Cic yeu td thudc v l mdi trudng, dieu kien l l m viec cua doanh nghiep tfl v l n . Mdi trfldng, d i l u kien l l m vi&c cfla tflng doanh nghiip tU v l n CO I n h hfldng n h l t dinh 3in chi phi tU v l n . Neu doanh nghiep dlu t u tru sd, may mdc t h i l t bi hien dai thi c i c chi phf n l y se duoc phan bi nhieu v i o s i n pham, chi phf t f l van se tang cao. Tuy nhien n l u cac cfing ty khdng dau t f l thi tai khdng bat kip sfl p h i t t n l n cfla n g l n h ngtrf, khdng cSp nhat dfloc dc tien bd trpng cdng t i c tfl van. Do vly, viec dSu t f l cho mdi trudng, dieu kien l l m viec cua c i c doanh nghiep t f l v l n s6 khlc nhau tfly thudc v i o muc t i l u p h i t t r i l n cua tflng dpanh nghiep cu the.
- CIc yeu td thu^c ve mdi trudng xa hdi. Tfl v l n dau tU x l y dflng cdng trinh ddi hdi chuyen gia p h l i cd "chat x i m " nhung ddng thdi cOng
168|f™if^»'3^ 05.2017
I I mdt nghe trong x l hdi. Do vly, cung c i n p h l i duoc 3it trong thUc trang chung tren co sd c i c yeu t d : Dac thU cua nganh nghe, tinh hinh cung cap lao ddng (chuy#n gia) tr&n thi trUdng, mflc thu nhap binh quan cfla xa hdi, mat b i n g gia sinh hoat... Cac y l u t d nay 1^ cac tong hda khdng tach rdi khi xac dinh chi phf tU v l n dau tU x l y dung,
2. Su can thiet p h l i thay doi co che xac djnh chi phi tU viin dau t u xay dung
Co che xac dinh chi phf t u v l n theo dinh mflc chi phf t u van cdng bd tai Quyet dinh sd 957/QD-BXD n g l y 29/9/2009 cfla Bo trudng Bd Xay dung (Quylt dmh 957/QD-BXD) v l cac van b i n quy pham p h i p luat cd l i l n quan dUpc d i n h g i l la tUOng ddi thuan loi, phfl hop vdi yeu cau q u i n 1;^ hpat ddng t u van dau tU xay dung trong giai doan vfla qua. Tuy nhien den nay, co c h l x i c dinh nay cung da boc Id mdt so tdn tai. bat cap ddi hdi c i n p h l i khlc phuc. Vile x i c dinh chi phi t u viii trong tdng mflc dau t u hoac trong dfl toan tren cd sd sfl dung djnh mflc chi phf theo ti I I phan tram [%) cua chl phi x l y dung, chi phi thiet bi trong tong mflc d l u t u d u d c duyet hoac chi phi x l y dflng trong d u t p l n duoc duyet la chUa hop ly (sfl dung dfl li&u cua bUdc sau d l d u tinh chi phi d thdi d i l m hi&n tai) Co che x i c dinh nay da d i n d i n vi&c van dung khdng phti hop khi xac dmh gia cfla mdt s6 loai hop ddng t u van, ddng thdi tao ra s u t h i l u n h l t q u i n doi vdi hoat ddng thanh t p i n , k i l m soat chi phf t u van. Mat khic, CO che xac dinh chl phi t h i l t k l theo dinh mflc t ( l e % cua chl phf xay dUng trpng d u t o l n 3oac duyet dfloc cho da tao ke hd d l nha thau t u van thiet ke cd tinh "day" chi phf x l y dUng cfla cong trinh thdng qua v i l e khdng Ifla chon phuong I n sfl dung vat tu, thiet bi cua cdng trinh tdi uu v l m i t chi phi d l n h l m "day" chi phf thiet ke len theo.
Hay ndi each khac, co che xac dmh chi phi t h i l t ke n l u tr&n da gSy ra hiln tflong lang phi trong d l u t f l x l y dung cdng trinh. Ngoii ra, do thieu hudng dan cich x i c dinh chi phi t f l v l n hinh thanh trong cac q u i trinh dau t u x l y dung (chi phf trong d u t p l n g i a i d p a n c h u l n bi dau t i i , tdng mflc dau tU, d u t o i n cdng trinh, d u t o i n gdi t h i u tu vln) nen da gay ra mdt sd khd khan khi xac dinh dinh chi phi cfla d u i n Do t h i l u c h l t i i d i k i l m s o i t chl phi t h u & t u van nudc ngoai, nhSt la ddi vdi cac dU an sfl dung ngudn vdn cfla nha nUdc nen da gSy ra bi&n tuong "dat dd" khi
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thue t u van nUdc n g o l i , tao ra sU bat binh dang vdi ddi ngu t u v l n trong nudc. Tn sd dinh mflc chi phi t u v l n theo cdng bd tai Quyet dmh 957/QD-BXD den thdi S e m hien tai da chUa theo kip toe dd trUpt g i l v l nhung yeu t d khaeh quan tac ddng d i n g i l dich vu tU van.
Cac bat cap tren ddi hdi phai cd nhCmg g i l i p h i p khlc phuc de dam b i o CO c h l x i c dinh chi phi tU van phu hop vdi ca che quan ly chi phf d l u t u x l y dung hien hanh, gdp phan k i l m soit chi phf dau t u xay dung va chdng lang phf, that thoat.
3.06i mdi CO che xac dinh chi phi tU van dau t U x l y dUng fle khac phuc nhutig b i t c3p tren, Bd X l y dUng da cdng bd dmh mflc chl phi t f l van tai Quyet dinh sd 79/QD-BXD ngay 15/02/2017 (Quylt dinh sd 79/QD-BXD) de thay the Quyet dinh so 957/QD-BXD. Co c h l xac dinh chi phf t u v l n thep hud^g dan tai Quyet dinh sd 79/Qfl- BXD la CO sd de xac dinh chi phf c i c cdng viec t u v l n trong t6ng mflc d l u t u x^y dung, d u toan xay dung va de x i c dinh gla gdi thau t u v l n phu hop vdl trinh tU dau tU xSy dUng, phap luat ve dau thau trong hoat ddng xay dung. Theo do, cO che xac dinh chi phi t u v l n da duoc chuyin tfl phuong thflc xac dmh "sau" (theo dfl lieu chi phi dUOc duy&t) sang phuong thflc x i c dinh "trUdc" (sfl dung dfl lieu chi phf du tinh trudc, dfl ll&u chi phf cua budc trUdc) phu hop vdi muc tieu x i c dinh chi phi "dau vao" cfla qua trinh quan ly chi phf dau t u xay dung cong trinh. Moi giai doan cfla q u i tnnh dau t f l xay dflng, chi phi t u van se duoc chuan xac dan theo quan d i l m k i l m soit va q u i n (y chi phf; cu the,
- Trong giai doan chuan bj dU an'
+ Sfldung diJIieu Ude tinh (suat vdn dau t u hoac dfl lieu chi phi cua c i c d u l n c d t i n h c h a t , quy md tuong t f l da hoac dang thflc hien) dexac dinh chf phf l i p , t h i m tra b i o c i o nghi&n cflu t i l n k h i thi.
+ Sfldung dfl lieu trong sobo tdng mu'c dau tucua b i o c i o nghi&n cflu tien kha thi dUOc duyet hoac ude tinh theo suat vdn dau tU, dfl lieu chl phf efla elc d u I n cd tinh ehat, quy md tflong tU da hoae dang thUc hi&n (trong trudng hop d u an khdng phai lap b i o c i o nghi&n cflu t i l n kha thi) de xac dinh chi phi lap, tham tra bao cao nghien cflu k h i thi, b i o d o kinh te - ky thuat.
Chl phi lap.
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- Trong giai doan thflc hl&n d u i n ;
+ Sfl dung dU lieu chi phi xay dUng, chi phi thiet bi cdng trinh trong tdng mflc dau t u d u d c d u y ^ de xae dmh ehi phi thiet ke, tham tra t h i l t k l , d u loan.
+ Sfl dung gia gdi thau xay dung, t h i l t bi trong k l hoach lua ehon nha t h i u dupc d u y l t (theo tong mflc d l u t u hoae dfl toan xay dflng cong trinh) d l xac djnh chi phf lUa chpn nha thau, chi phi giam s i t thi cdng x l y dung, g i i m sat lap dat t h i l t bi,
- Trong giai doan ket thfle dU I n : SU dung d f l lieu chi phi trong tdng mflc dau t f l dfloe duyet d l xac dinh ehi phf quy ddi vdn d l u tU xay dung.
- Chi phi thu& t u van nudc ngoai xac ^ n h khdng vuot qua "mflc t r l n " ehi phf d l thu& c i nhSn, t d chflc t u van nUdc ngoli thfle hien cdng VI&C q u i n ly dU an v l t f l van dau t f l x l y dflng ddi vdi d u i n sfl dung vdn ngan sIch n h i nfldc, vdn nha nfldc n g o l i n g i n sach, cic d u I n dau t f l theo hinh thflc ddi t i c cdng t u PPP.
So dd xac dmh chi phf t u van theo giai doan chuan bi d u i n , thUc hien d U i n dfloc tdng hop nhusau;
Co c h l x i c ^ n h chi phi t u v l n theo hudng dan tai Quyet dmh sd 79/QD-BXD ea ban da khlc phuc mot 56 bat cap cfla ea chi xac dinh trudc day. Theo dd, eac chi tieu nhU suat vdn dau tu, diJ li&u chi phi cfla eac d u an, cdng trinh tflong t f l da thfle hien la nhflng chi tieu chfl y l u sfl dung d l xac dmh ehi phf tU v l n . tMt khlc, ehi phi xay dUng, chi phi t h i l t bl cfla tdng mflc d l u tU dflpc duy&t, gia gdi thau duoc duyet cd vai trd rat quan trpng trong vi&c x i c dinh chl p h f t u v l n c f l a edng trinh. Chi phf t u v l n duoc xac djnh da d i p flng muc tieu 11 chi phf "dau V I P " trpng qua trinh q u i n ly chi phf d l u tU xSy dung, khdng sfl dung d l thanh tpan hpp ddng va da khSc phyc duoc hien tflpng "day g i i t h i n h cong ttlnh xay dUng° de tinh chi phi thiet ke theo ty le % do ddi tUOng x i c dinh chl phf t h i l t k l I I chi phi xay dflng trong t3ng mflc dau tU duoc duyet vdi boi c i n h tdng mflc d l u tU dU I n chiu sU rang budc cua ke hoach dau tU cdng (ddi vdi c i c d u an sfl dung vdn ngSn sach nha nfldc). Co c h l xac dinh nay ddi hdi nha t h i u t u v l n p h l i cd dfl ngudn thdng tin dfl li&u, kha nang ve chuyen mdn de x i c dinh cac chi phf cua du i n .
4. Ket l u i n
Viec ddi mdi co che xac djnh chi phf t u v l n dau t u xay dung la can t h i l t d l d i p fl^g yeu eau q u i n ly chi phi trong boi canh cua co ehe q u i n ly dau t u x i y dung cd nhieu thay ddi theo quy dmh efla L u l t Xay dung nam 2014 v i y&u c l u thUc tien dat ra. Co c h l x i c dinh chi phf t u van theo hudng dan mdi lam co sd k i l m s o i t chi phi d l u t u xay dung dap Ung y l u cau quan ly tiet kiem, hi&u q u i trong hoat dong dau tU xay dung.
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
1 Quochoi,LuStea'uthiu5o43/20l3/QHl3ngay26/1l/20l3;
2. Chinh phii, Nghi dinh J7/2015/NB-CP ngay 22/4/2D15 Quy flinh chi tiet v* hop dnng xay dung;
3. Chinh phu, Nghi iJinh 65/2013/Nfl-CP ngay 26/6/2013 Quy dinh chi (let Ihi hanh mot so dieu ciia Liiat{)!iu thau ve lua chon rha t h i u ;
4. B6 Xay dung. Thong t u so 07/2012/rT-BXD ngay 26/10/2012 ciii Bo Xay dUng huong dan Kac dinh va quan ly chl phf thue tuvan nudc ngoai trong hoat (long xay dutig tai Viet Nam;
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7. Bo Lao dong thuang bmh v i Xa hot, Thong t u 02/20IS/TT-BLeTBXH ngay 12/01/2015 Qoy dinh rni^c imtq floi VIH chuyen gia t</van trong nildc im co sir dU toan gdi thau cung d p dicli vu CU van apdung hinh thilc hop dong theo thcd gian sddung vdn nha nudc,
8. Le Van CU, Hoang XuSn Hifp, iJgo The Vinh, Pham Xuan TrUflng, i^gliien cdu danh gi^ ihi tru'dng tir van x^y dung cdng trinh dan dung trong nhiing nam gan day, Tap d i l K i n h te uy dung sS 04/2016.