D A Y H O C V A N BAN H6N TRVONG BA, DA HANG THIT
CUA LUU QUANG VC DUdi GOC NHIN KET NOI vdl Ddi SONG
Phgm Thi Giao Lien Khoa Ngu vdn - Dia ly Email. benptg@dhhp edu.vn Ngdy nhdn bdi: 26/09/2017
NgdyPB ddnh gid: 21/11/2017 Ngdy duyel dang: 28/11/2017 TOM TAT
Ket ndi van hgc vdi ddi sdng Id mdt nguyen tae, mgt quan niem day bgc cd y nghTa quan trgng trong day hgc dgc hieu tac phdra vdn chuong. Nguyen tac nay chu trgng den tinh ung dung thyc tien nhdra myc dich phat huy tdi da chuc ndng gido due ctia van hgc. Thdng qua cac each thftc, phuang phap day hgc (day hgc ngoai khda, day hgc ddi thoai va day hge ndu vdn de), gid day hgc van ban "Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" cua Luu Quang Vu se giup hinh thdnh cho hgc sinh nhftng ndng lyc cdn cd nhu nang lye tiep nhan van ban van hgc, ndng lyc lam viec nhdm, ndng lyc phat hien va giai quydt vdn de, nang lyc dien kich; ddng thdi hgc sinh se nhdn thftc dugc sdng thd nao la dung, la dep khdng chi trong xa hdi xua ma cdn dp dung vdo trong ldi sdng cua cdc em ngay nay.
Tu khda: phuong phap day hgc, nguyen tdc day bgc, day hgc van ket ndi vdi ddi sdng.
T E A C H I N G T H E T E X T TRUONG BA'S SOUL, BUTCHER'S SKIN B Y L U U Q U A N G V U F R O M T H E L I F E P E R S P E C T I V E ABSTRACT
Conecting literature to life is a principle, a teaching concept that is important in teaching literary reading. This principle focuses on the practical application in order to maximize the educational function of literature. Through various pedagogical methods (extra eurricular teaching, dialogue teaching and problem teaching), teaching the text
"Truong Ba's soul, butcher's skin" by Luu Quang Vu will help to shape the necessary capacities for students such as literary competence, teamwork capacity, problem discovering and solving abilities, drama. Concurrently, students will be able to recognize good lifestyle in both the ancient and modern society.
Keywords: teachmg raethods, teaching principle, teaching literacy bridging life TAP CHI KHOA HpC, So 27, thang 3/2018 | 83
l . D ^ T V A N D E
Van bgc Id bftc ttanh phan anh hien thyc ddi sdng mudn mau. Tdc phdra vdn chuong chi tdn tai duge khi nd gdn vdi cugc sdng, gdn vdi con ngudi. Vdng ddi cua radt tae phdra van bgc la "mot vdng khep kin dan kit nhiiu qud trinh vd nhieu quan he: cugc sdng - nhd van - tdc phdm - bgn dgc - cugc sdng. Trong qud trinh di lie cugc song, tr& ve v&i cupc sdng, tdc phdm cd nhitng mdi quan he mdu thil vd tdc dgng qua lgi v&i bdn thdn cugc song, v&i nhd vdn, v&i bgn dgc" [3, 177]. Cd thd ndi, ddi sdng la didm xudt phdt va cung Id dich ddn cua van hgc. Ngugc Iai, tde phdm van hgc sau khi ra ddi, qua sy tiep nhan cua ngudi dgc lai tdc ddng tid lai ddi sdng, gdp phdn "cdi tgo vd sdng tgo thi gi&i theo chieu hu&ng liin len" [4, 96]. Dd Id mdi quan he khdng kbit, tac ddng hai chidu gifta van hgc vdi cugc sdng.
Trong day hgc vdn, ket ndi van hgc vdi ddi sdng la mdt nguyen tde, mgt quan niem day hgc khdng phdi hodn toan mdi me. Ngay tu dgt eai each gido dye ldn thft hai cua Bg Giao due va Dao tao (ndra 1956) nd da tid thanh nguyen tac co bdn chi phdi boat dgng day hgc van trong cdc nhd trudng. Trong cudn "Chuang trinh mdn van" do Bd Gido Dye va Dao tao xuat ban nam 1963 da khang dinh: "Mudn phdt huy ehiec ndng cua vdn hgc, gido viin cdn gdn liin viic gidng dgy vdn hgc v&i d&i song" [1]. Hon nfta, rauc dich cudi cung cua qua trinh day hgc Ngu vdn Id nham hinh thanh, phdt trien nang lye va phdm chdt cho hgc sinh. Dd dat duge rauc dich nay, vide day hgc van khdng the tach rdi ddi sdng xa hgi, ddi sdng tinh than cua hgc sinh. Gido vien phdi Id ngudi kdt ndi gifta hgc sinh vdi tac phdm, giup hgc sinh lien h?
nhftng ngi dung tu tudng md tac gid de cap
den tiong tdc phdm vdi ddi sdng cua cdc em, lay do Idm bdi hge va rauc dich sdng cua minh. Cd nhu vdy thi chftc ndng giao dye cda van bgc mdi thye bi^n dugc.
"Hdn Trucmg Ba, da hang thit" cua Luu Quang Vu Id van bdn vdn hgc khdng chi phdn anh hien thyc xa bdi vdi ldi sdng cua con ngudi sau 1975 ma cdn cd chftc ndng giao due khi tdc gia mudn canh tinh con ngudi phdi sdng sao cho dung vdi ban chdt, sdng sao cho tdm thanh thdn. Tuy nhien, ddy cung Id mgt tac pham khd ndn d l khien hge sinh khdng cd hung thu tim hidu. Mudn giup hgc sinh den gan vdi tae pham va dd tac phdm phat huy dugc hdt vai tid cua nd thi gido vidn can gan nhijng ndi dung cua tdc phdm vdi chinh thyc te cugc sdng cua hge sinh, dd cac em thdy rang vide tira bieu tae phdra nay Id cdn thidt. Trong pham vi bai bao, tdc gid xin dua ra mOt sd phuong phap van dung ttong gid day hgc vdn ban "Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" cua Luu Quang Vu nhdra dap ung dugc nguydn tac day hgc vdn gan vdi ddi sdng.
2. NOI DUNG NGHIEN ClTU Cdc nha bien soan sdch gido khoa THPT da lya chgn phdn cudi tiong vd kich
"Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" cua Luu Quang Vu dua vao chuang trinh Ngft van ldp 12. Ddy Id phdn ddn nen radu thudn phat tridn tdi dinh didm nhftng xung dot bdn tiong va ben ngodi theo nguyen tae cua thd loai kjch vd Cling la phdn chfta dyng nhidu bdi hgc cude sdng ma tdc gia mudn gfti gam.
Nghien cftu van dd nay, chung ta cung cdn xem xet dac diem tdm sinh ly cua hgc sinh THPT, cy thd la hgc sinh ldp 12 dd hidu vd cd thd dua ra nhftng each day hgc va giao due tdi uu nhdt. CS tudi 17 - 18, ede era ed khd ndng tu duy ly ludn, tu duy trftu tugng 84 I TRlTOfNG DAI H p c HAI PHONG
mdt cdch doe lap, chat che, cd can eft va mang tinh nhat quan; cae em khdng chi nhdn tiiftc dugc vd cai tdi cua minh tiong hien tai ma cdn nhdn thuc vi tri eua minh ttong xa hgi nrong lai; cd khd nang ddnh gid nbftng eft chi, hanh vi rieng Ie, timg thudc tinh rieng biet, bidt ddnh gid nhdn each cua minh ndi chung ttong todn bd nhftng thugc tinh nhan each. Thanh nien thudng ttdn ttd vdi eac cau hdi ve y nghTa va mue dich cugc sdng, ve each xay dyng mgt kd hoach sdng cd hidu qud. Thdng qua gid dgy hge vdn ban "Hdn Traong Ba, da bdng thit" cua Luu Quang Vu, giao vidn khdng chi giiip hgc sinh phat trien mdt sd nang lye nhu ndng lyc giai quyet van dd, ndng lyc sang tao, nang luc giao tiep, nang luc hgp tac ma cdn ren luyen dugc pham chat trung thyc, ty ttgng, cd tidch nhiem vdi bdn thdn, vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh; tu do dinh hinh duge each sdng dung vdi ban chdt eiia minh.
2.1. Cdc hu&ng ket ndi vd.th&i Mem to chuc kit noi van ban "Hon Trucrng Ba, da hang thit" cua Luu Quang Vu v&i d&i song.
2.1.1. Cdc huang kit noi
Khi day hgc dgc hidu tdc phdm vdn chuong ndi chung, van bdn kich "Hdn Tmong Ba, da hang thit" ndi ridng, giao vien can hudng dan hgc sinh tao ra dugc nhftng ket ndi gifta tac pham vdi ddi sdng (ddi sdng xd hgi, ddi sdng tinh thdn cua radi ca nhdn) nhung phai ddra bdo kdt ndi dung luc, dung chd, linh boat, sdng tao, khdng duge tuy tien vd phdi tuan thu nhung dac trung ca ban cua tac phdm van hgc. Vd co ban cd thd xem xet nhftng hudng ket ndi sau:
- Kdt ndi tae pham vdi bdi cdnh thdi dai tac phdm ra ddi (hoan cdnh lich sft, xd hOi, van hda,... cua dat nudc nhiing nam 80 cua thd ki XX). Tftc la, tidp can tac
phdm tft gdc do lich sft phat sinh, van dyng nhftng hieu bidt ngoai vdn bdn dd cat nghTa tdc phdm, giup ngudi hgc bidu rd bon vd tdc phdra.
- Kdt ndi tac phdm vdi ddi sdng cua ngudi hgc (ddi sdng cd nhan, rieng tu cua hg vdi nhung ttdi nghiera sdng, nhung mdi quan tdm, suy nghT, cam xuc ridng cua hg,...).
Hudng tidp can ddp ftng hge sinh nay se tao eho tdc phdm cd sftc sdng trong tdm tri ngudi bgc, de hg hda minh vdo tdc phdm, cat nghia, li giai, hidu duge sdu sdc ndi dung, y nghTa tae phdm.
- Kdt ndi nhftng vdn de dugc dat ra trong tdc phdm vdi nhftng hidn tugng, nhiing vdn dd eua eudc sdng hien nay (each nhin nhdn cugc sdng va con ngudi, sdng sao cho dung vdi ban chat con ngudi minh...); qua do thay dugc y nghTa thdi sy, y nghTa nhdn sinh thiet thyc cua tac phdm.
- Ket ndi tae phdm vdi nhiing van bdn khdc (vdn bdn vdn hge, phim anh, bdi hga,...) dd thdy duge ro ban, sau sac ban nhiing thdng diep cugc sdng, thdng diep nghe thudt tac gid gfti gdm ttong dd.
2.1.2. Th&i diem ket noi
Thdng thudng, tft trudc den nay, khi day hgc van bdn "Hdn Truang Ba, da bang thit" ndi rieng va nhung tac phdm van hgc ndi chung, giao vien thudng ehua chu tigng dung muc ddn vide hudng dan hgc sinh tao ra nhiing kdt ndi giua tdc phdra vdi ddi sdng nen thudng ddy y ket ndi xudng eudi mdi phdn bode sau khi kdt thuc bai hge dudi dang nhftng cau hdi lien he thyc td. Nhung thyc ra dd chi Id viec ldm lay le, cho du quy trinh, ehu chua tao ra hieu qua ket ndi.
Theo ehung tdi, khi dgc hieu "Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" cua Luu Quang Vu, giao vidn cd the td chftc cho hgc sinh tao ra TAP CHI KHOA H p c , So 27, thang 3/2018 85
nbftng kdt ndi ca trude, trong va sau khi dgc hidu van bdn bdng nhiing hinh thftc, bidn phap phu hgp.
2.2. Cdc hinh thirc, bienphdp to chitc kit ndi vdn bdn "Hon Truang Ba, da hdng thit" cua Luu Quang Vu v&i d&i song
Cd rdt nhidu binh thuc, phuong phap, bien phap khdc nhau dugc gido vien van dung khi day bgc van ban kich "Hdn Truang Ba, da hdng thjt". Tuy nhien, dya tien nhiing van de can ket ndi vd ddc diem, hieu qua ciia cac phuong phdp, bidn phap day hgc, chung tdi dd xudt radt sd binh thftc, bien phdp kdt ndi cu the sau:
2.2.1. Td chiec cdc hogt dgng ngogi khoa Myc dich td chftc boat dgng ngoai khda: Ddy la hinh thftc bd tig cho boat ddng day hgc ttdn Idp cua gido vidn nhdm giup hgc sinh hieu hon vd nhiing vdn dd cua ddi sdng dugc phan anh ttong tac phdm; bdy td nhiing suy nghT, quan diem cua minh trude nhiing van de ay.
Thdi diem td chue hoat dgng ngoai khda: Cd the td chftc trudc hoae sau khi dgc hieu tac pham.
Hinh thftc td chuc boat dgng ngoai khda: Tuy vao didu kien cu thd cua hgc sinh, didu kidn thdi gian..., gido vien sft dung hinh thftc cho phu hgp:
- Td chftc cho hgc smh xem vd kich dd nam dugc ndi dung ttgn ven va giup eac era hinh dung sdu sac ban cam xuc cua nhdn vdt, hieu duge bi kich raa nhan vdt phdi ganh chiu.
- Cd thd cho hgc sinh ty phdn vai va dien lai ca vd kich hoac chgn radt cdnh ddc sac de diln.
- Td chftc cdc cugc ndi ehuyen, trao ddi vd nhirng van de dugc dat ra trong vd kjch, ap nd vao vdi thyc td cugc sdng hang ngay cua cae em.
2.2.2. Sie dimg hinh thiec dgy hge ddi thoai Ddi thoai Id hbih thftc day hgc nhdm phat huy tinh chft ddng, sang tao, tich eye cua hgc sinh. Hinh thftc day bgc nay dugc thye bien bdng he hdng nhftng eau hdi chu yeu thude bdn Ioai: tdi hien kidn thftc, suy nghT va tim kiem, sang tao, ty bgc Id. De tao ra dugc su kdt ndi gifta van bdn "Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" vdi ddi sdng, giao vidn nen su dung linh boat cdc Ioai cau bdi.
Cdu hoi dm hieu tdc gid, hodn cdnh ra d&i cua tdc pham
Muc dieh: Nhdm tao ra nhiing ket ndi giua nha van, bdi cdnh xa hdi duong thdi vdi tac phdra, giua tidi nghiera eua ngudi dgc vdi tdc phdm.
Thdi didm sft dyng: Trude khi dgc hieu tac pham.
Hinh thftc: Giao vien ed thd td chuc cho hge sinh tim hidu chung ve tae gid, tac phara bdng eac cdu hdi tai hien, suy nghT va tim kidm nhdra huy dgng nhiing tiai nghiem, nhftng hieu biet cua cdc em ve cugc ddi, su nghiep van hge cua tac gid Luu Quang Vu;
hoan canh lich su, xa hgi ma tac pham ra ddi.
Day la nhung tri thftc nen giup cac em dgc hieu van ban tdt hon, cdt nghia diing ngi dung, y nghia cua tdc phdm. Cac cau hdi ed the sft dyng nhu:
Anh/ chi da hgc, dd dgc nhihig tdc phdm ndo cua Luu Quang VU? Hiiu biit cua anh/ ehi vi tdc gid ndy?
Hge sinh cd the ke ra nhftng tac phdm da hgc, da dgc nhu: 'Tdi va chung ta", "Sdng mai tudi 17", "Hen ngdy ttd Iai"... tft nhftng nguon tai lieu khae nhau (SGK Ngu vdn 9, tai lieu tham khdo,...). Sau dd, cac em dya vao phdn Tieu ddn trinh bay nhftng hidu bidt vd eudc ddi, sy nghiep cua nha van Luu Quang Vu. Gido vien nhdn manh, chdt nhftng 86 TRlTPNG D^I HpC HAI PHONG
y chinh cdn ndm (Luu Quang Vu Id ragt nghe sT da tai: lam tho, ve ttanh, vidt tiuydn, vidt tidu Iuan,... nhung thanh edng Id kich. Ong Id mdt tiong nhftng nha soan kich tai nang cua ndn van hge nghe thudt Viet Nam hien dai.
Dd tdi chinh cua kich Luu Quang Vii la phe phdn nhftng hien tugng tieu cyc ttong xa hgi va sd phdn con ngudi. Ong dugc tdng giai thudng Hd Chi Minh vd vdn hgc nghd thuat nam 2000).
"Hdn Truang Ba, da hdng Ihil" la mgt va kich xudt sdc cua Ltru Quang Vii vd ciing Id mgt trong nhitng sdng tdc tieu biiu cua vdn hgc Viet Nam sau ndm 1975. Tdc phdm ra d&i trong boi cdnh lich su, xd hgi cd diem gi ddng chii y? Hodn cdnh dy da chi phdi ngi dung cita v& kich ndy nhu thi ndo? Vi sao dogn cuoi va kich lgi dugc chgn dua vdo sdch gido khoa?
Dua vao phan Tieu ddn va hieu biet cua minh, hgc sinh cd the dua ra hodn cdnh ra ddi cua vd kich: "Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" la mgt cau chuyen dan gian Viet Nam ke ve mdt ngudi ddnh cd rat gidi ten la Tmong Ba, phdi chdt sdra, thuong tinh dng cd tdi, Dd Thich la mgt tidn cd vd cung Id ngudi thudng xuyen ddnh cd vdi Truang Ba dd cho dng sdng Iai ttong thdn xac cua mdt ngudi hang thit. Sy tich nay la ngudn cam hftng dd Luu Quang Vu dung nen vd kich ndi tieng cimg ten. Tuy nhien, dng da viet them cai kdt cho vd kich cua rainh, radt bi kich. Vd kich ciia dng mang ddn mdt tiidng diep: "Mgi thu nen tuan theo quy luat cua ty nhidn, mgi sy khdng cu vdi quy ludt ddu trd nen keeh com". "Hdn Truong Ba, da hang thit" la mgt ttong nhiing vd kich gdy duge nhieu tidng vang nhdt eua Luu Quang Vu. Vd kich dugc vidt tijr ndm 1981, nhung ddn ndm 1984 mdi ldn ddu ra mdt cdng chung va nhanh chdng
tao dugc nhidu thien cam vdi ngudi xem.
"Hdn Truang Ba, da hang thit" da dugc cdng diln nhidu lan tten cac san khdu ttong va ngoai nudc.
Giao vien cdn ndi them ve bftc ttanh toan cdnh xa hgi Vidt Nam nhiing nam 80 cua thd ki XX de hgc sinh ed the hieu dugc sdu sac ngi dung tdc phdm li gidi duge vi sao nd Iai thdnh cdng. Vd kich ra ddi ttong bdi canh xa hdi Viet Nara vua bude vdo tidn ttinh eai cdch xa bdi nen khd khan chdng chdt khd khdn ddn den khung hoang kinh td - xd hgi ndng nd. Thyc te cugc sdng nhu vay khien con ngudi ndy sinh nhieu thara vgng va cai tdi ca nhan ich ki xudt hidn ngdy cdng nhieu ttong xd hdi. Chinh vi vay raa con ngudi dd dang bi tha hda, dd ddng vi Igi ieh ea nhan ma ban re luong tam. The ndn, khi "Hdn Truong Ba, da hdng thit" duge cdng chieu, nhieu ngudi thay hinh anh rainh, nhiing ngudi khae thi thdy hinh dnh ciia mdt sd ngudi xung quanh minh ttong ay. Va tinh thdi su ciia vd kich van cdn den tan ngdy nay.
Doan dugc hgc trich tu canh VII vd doan ket cua vd kich, diln ta su dau khd, ddn vdt vd quyet dinh cudi cimg vd cimg cao thugng cua Hdn Truang Ba. Doan ndy do Luu Quang Vu sang tac them vd la doan eao tido khi mdu thudn dugc dua len dinh diem ddn ddn viec Hdn Truang Ba phdi dua ra cdch gidi quydt cudi cung Id tim den cai chet. Day cung la tbdng diep cua tdc gid: "ndu khdng the sdng dung vdi minh tbi tdra se khdng bao gid dugc thanh thdn".
Cdu hdi gidp HS lien hf nhitng vdn de tdc gid di cap trong tdc pham v&i thuc te d&i sdng
Muc dich: Nhdm tao ra nhiing kdt ndi gifta nhftng vdn de dugc tdc gid dd cap den ttong tac phdm vdi nhftng hien tugng, van de ciia ddi T^P CHI KHOA H p c , So 27, thang 3/2018 | 87
sdng xa hdi hien nay, hi do tiiay dugc y nghTa ttidi sy, y nghia nhdn sinh sdu sdc ciia tde phdm.
Thdi didm sft dyng; Trong va sau khi dgc hidu tac phdm.
Hinh thftc: Chu ydu Id loai cau hdi suy nghT, tim kidm va cdu hdi sang tao. Cdc cau hdi cd thd xoay quanh nhung ndi dung lidn quan mat thiet den nhung van dd cua ddi sdng hien nay nhu:
Cach nhin nhdn eudc sdng:
- Moi quan he gifta Hnh hdn va the xae Id mdi quan he hftu ca, tac ddng ldn nhau:
Sau khi hudng ddn hgc sinh tun bidu vd cugc ddi thoai gifta xac anh hang thit vd hdn Trucmg Ba, giao vien ed the ndu cdu hdi tdng ket, ndng cao:
Theo em, thuc chdt cua cugc doi thogi giita hdn Truang Ba v&i xde imh hdng thit la gi?
Thye chdt cua cugc ddi thoai chinh la cugc giao tranh gifta hai Iinh hdn trong mdt than xac; la cugc giao tranh gifta dao dftc vd tdi ldi, khat vgng va dye vgng, phan ngudi va phan con trong mdi con ngudi. Ta thay su tdn tai dgc lap cua than xac ddi vdi Iinh hdn, sy chi phdi cua thdn xac ddi vdi linh hdn cung nhung phidn todi do sy khdng hda hgp, khdng thdng nhat giua linh hdn va thdn xdc.
- Phe phan cae hidn tugng tieu cyc tiong xa hgi duang tbdi:
Qua cugc doi thogi giira hon Truang Ba v&i xdc anh hdng thit, tdc gid mudn phdn dnh vd phi phdn nhitng hien tugng ndo trong xd hgi?
Qua qua trinh phan tich cugc ddi thoai giua phdn hdn vd phan xac, eiing vdi nhirng y da tira hieu ttong phdn tieu dan, hgc sinh cd the dua ra vdi y kidn tdng ket:
Dinh cao cua tu tudng tridt ly trong vd kich la cugc ddi thoai giua Iinh hdn va
than xdc. Cugc ddi thoai nay cho thdy eon ngudi ta cd bai phdn la linh hdn vd the xac. Hai phdn do cd quan be huu co vdi nbau. Linh bdn ed co sd vdt chdt Id thd xac, cung nhu nhdn thftc ly rinh phdi bdt ddu tft cam tinh; tinh cam binh thanh tu nhftng quan he cu thd trong ddi thudng;
cara xuc thdm my phai dya trdn cdc cam quan tbi gidc, thinh gidc... Thd xdc cung cd tinh ddc lap tuong ddi, cd tieng ndi ridng, ed nhu cdu tu nhidn hgp ly, khdng thd bd qua. Ddng tbdi, qua day, tac gid Luu Quang Vu raudn phd phdn mdt sd bieu hien tieu cyc trong ddi sdng xa hgi luc bay gid:
Thft nhdt, con ngudi dang cd nguy ca ch^y theo nhihig ham mudn tdm thudng ve vat chat, chi thich hudng thy den ndi ttd ndn phdra phu, thd thidn. Thu hai, lay cd tdm hdn Id quy, ddi sdng tmh thdn Id ddng tigng md chua chdm lo thich dang den sinh boat vat chdt, khdng phdn ddu vi hanh phuc toan ven.
Ca bai quan nidm, each sdng tidn ddu eye doan, dang phe phdn.
Ngodi ra, vd kich cdn dd cap den mdt van de cung khdng kem phdn buc xuc dd Id tinh trang con ngudi phdi sdng gid, khdng dam va ciing khdng dugc sdng la chinh minh.
Ddy chinh la nguy co ddy con ngudi den chd tha hda do danh vd lgi.
(2) Cach nhin nhdn, danh gia con ngudi:
Khi hudng ddn hgc sinh tim hidu cugc ddi thoai gifta hdn Truang Ba vdi ngudi thdn, gido vien cd the dat cau hdi:
S{e lr& lgi tie coi chet cua Truang Ba da khiin cho ngu&i thdn cua ong cd nhitng cdm nhdn gi? Anh/ chi hay hodn thdnh phiiu hgc tap sau vd tie do binh lugn viy nghta cua vdn de ndy?
88 I TRirpNGD^I H p c HAI PHONG
Hon Trucmg Ba
Vg Tnroiig Ba Chi con dau Cai Gai Hgc sinh hoan thanh phidu hgc tdp sau dd binh Iuan ve y nghia cua vdn de.
Mau phidu bgc tap hoan thdnh nhu sau:
Vgr Tru-OTig Ba: budn ba va eu nhat quydt ddi bd di. Vdi ba, "di dau cung dugc... cdn ban la the nay", "dng dau cdn la dng, dau cdn la dng Truong Ba lam vudn ngay xua"
H o n TriroTig B a
"'
Cai Gai: ragt myc khudc tu tinh than: toi khdng phai la chau ong... Ong ngi tdi chdt rdi. Ndi gian du cua cai Gai da bien thanh su xua duoi quydt liet: "Ong xau lara, ac lira! Cut di!
L a o d o te, cutdi!".
Chj con ddu: cam thay thuong bd chdng ttong tinh canh ttd tteu. Chi bidt dng Idid ldm, "khd hon xua nhidu ldm". Nhung ndi budn dau trudc tmh canh gia dinh "nhu sap tan hoang ra ca" khien chi khdng thd bam bung ma dau, chi da thdt thdnh ldi cai ndi dau do: "Thdy bao con: Cai ben ngoai Id khdng ddng kd, chi cd cai ben ttong, nhung thdy oi, con sg lam, bdi con cam thdy, dau ddn thdy... mdi ngay thdy mgt ddi khac din, mat mat dan, tat ca eft nhu lech lac, nhda md ddn di, ddn ndi cd luc chinh con ciing khdng nhan rathdv nua..."
Y kien cua h o c s i n h : Tat ca nhung ngudi than yeu eua dng Truong Ba ddu nhan ra cdi nghich canh trd treu. Neu luc ddu, hg vui mftng khdn xidt kbi chdng, cha, ong tu cdi chdt trd vd thi cang ngay hg cang that vgng va nhan ra rdng chap nhan cai chdt cd khi edn hanh phiic ban la viec sdng cung mgt ngudi khdng phai la ngudi thdn cua minh thyc sy.
Vi the, chung ta khdng the nhin nhan va chap nhan eon ngudi ehi d hinh thuc, raa cai quan trgng bon chinh la nhirng banh ddng, nhiing cu chi, nbftng vide hg lara hang ngay, chinh la bdn chat bdn tiong con ngudi.
T<iP CHi KHOA H p c , So 27, thang 3/2018
(3) Quan niem sdng dep:
Trudc khi kdt thue vd kich, tdc gid edn dua nhdn vat vao eudc thft thach cudi cung, ddt nhdn vat trudc mdt sy lua chgn:
chdp nhdn cai chdt hoac nhap vao xdc cu Ty (mdt em be hdng xdm vua chet).
Truang Ba khdng thd tdi dien bi kich sdng trong than xdc mugn cua ngudi khdc:
"Khdng the ben trong mgt ddng, bin ngodi mgt neo dugc. Toi mudn dugc la ldi todn ven " Vi the, dng da xin cho cu Ty dugc sdng lai, cdn minh thi xin dugc chet.
Khi hudng ddn hgc sinh tim hidu doan ket vd kich, giao vien ed the dat cdu hdi vd y nghia eai kdt vd kich:
Quyit dinh chil di vTnh viin de anh hdng thit vd cu Ti dugc song lgi cua Truang Ba ndi len dieu gi?
Hgc sinh dua ra quan niem va danh gia cua minh vd each lya chgn cua hdn Truang Ba: Hdnh ddng chap nhan cdi chet, tra lai xac eho anh hang thit cua Truong Ba la mdt hanh ddng diing dan, radt hanh ddng.dflng cam va dao due. Tu sy ly gidi lai mdt each bien chftng ve quan he gifta the xdc va linh hdn ttdn tiidt ly nhdn sinh cua thdi dai, Lim Quang Vu da di den mdt quan nidm sdng dep: sdng chdn that, minh phai ehinh la minh, ca linh hon vd thd xac, sdng vi mgi ngudi, vi hanh phuc va sy tdt dep eua con ngudi. Truang Ba chet, nhung hdn Truong Ba van sdng, sdng ttong tinh cdm cua mgi ngudi, sdng ma khdng can raugn den thdn xdc cua ai het.
Thue chdt, do la ldi tai khdng djnh cua tac gia ddi vdi quan niem sdng dep raa ta nbdc ddn d tten. Bi kich xung dot gifta Iinh
hdn vd thd xae khdng thd dugc gidi quyet theo dung cai cdch da tao ra bi kich. Den day, eai "chdt hdn" cua Truong Ba Iai thd bien mdt chidn thdng thuydt phyc cua "tdn tai - ngudi", cua nhdn each vd khdt vgng hoan thidn nhan each cua con ngudi.
Cau hdi dm hiiu suy nghi, thdi dg, tinh cdm cua hgc sinh.
Mue dich: Nhdm kdt ndi tac phdra vdi nhftng ttai nghiem sdng, vdi suy nghT cua ngudi hgc, tu dd thdy duge sy tdc ddng ciia van ban ddi vdi sy hinh thanh nhftng kT nang sdng, thai do, phara chat cdn cd cua hgc smb.
Thdi didra sft dyng: Trong vd sau khi dgc hieu vdn bdn.
Hinh thftc: Gido vidn ehu ydu sft dyng Ioai edu hdi ty bdc Id gidp hge sinh cd the bdy td nhftng suy nghT, thdi do, cdch ddnh gia cua minh vd cac nhdn vdt ttong tmyen, ve nhiing thdng diep raa tac pham dem den cho ngudi dgc. Gido vien can khuyen khich nhung thai do, suy nghT dung ddn, udn ndn nbftng bidu hidn sai lech.
Giao vien ed the su dung phuong phap ttd choi: Chia bdng ldm hai phdn nen vd khong nen, chia lap thdnh hai nhdm. Hgc sinh moi nhdm thay nhau len bdng ghi ra nhitng bdi hgc nin hay khdng nen Pong cugc sdng md minh nit ra tie dogn trieh "Hdn Truang Ba da hdng thit". Thdi gian quy dinh la 3 phut. Sau do, hge sinh cua nhdm nay nhan xet, danh gid mftc do dung sai, phu hgp cua eac bdi hgc nhan sinh cua nhdm kia. Gido vien Id ttgng tai danh gia didra sd cua mdi nhdm dd phdn dinh thang, thua.
Nhung bai hge cdc em ed thd vidt ra- 90 TRITPNG DAI H p c HAI PHONG
KHONG NEN
- Khdng ndn bidn thanh nd Ie cua nhung ham mudn ban nang, tdm thudng dd ttd thdnh ke phdm tuc, thd thidn.
- Khdng ndn qud coi ttgng ddi sdng tinh than md bd bd thdn xac khd sd, nhdch nhdc.
- Khi vudng vao nhiing hanh ddng bdn thiu, khdng nen ehi dd Ioi cho thdn xdc dd ru ngu minh trong gidc mdng tinh than eao quy.
sieu hinh.
- Khdng ndn sdng gia ddi, "ben trong ragt dang, bdn ngodi mdt neo".
- Khdng ndn sdng bang mgi gia.
- Khdng nen sdng nhd, sdng ddu, sdng tdra gfti. Id thude vao ngudi khdc de rdi danh mat minh.
- Khdng nen sdng vd traeh nhidra nhu Nam Tao, Bdc Ddu.
- Khdng ndn sua cai sai nay bang cdi sai khdc de gay ra bao rdc rdi, khd dau cho con ngudi.
NEN
- Sdng hai hda thdng nhdt giua hdn vd xae.
giua nhu cdu vat chat va tinh than.
- Sdng cd y thuc, bidt kiem che "phdn con"
ban ndng sinh vat tiong chinh minh de vucm ldn hodn thien nhan each.
- Chiu traeh nhidm trudc nhung vide Idra tdi Idi, dung tue cua chinh rainh.
- Sdng trung thyc, thang than, la chinh rainh.
- Sdng cd y nghTa, nhan hau, giau due hi sinh.
- Chap nhan eai chet khi sy sdng khdng cdn y nghTa, nhdt Id khi sy sdng cua minh gdy khd dau cho ngudi khae.
Qua hoat ddng ttd choi nay, giao vien se giup hgc sinh xac dinh dugc nhftng gia tri cugc sdng, ty nhdn thftc eho minh nhimg bdi hgc nhdn sinh bd ich.
2.2.3. Sudung cdc tinh hudng dgy hgc Tinh huong niu vd gidi quyet vdn de Muc dich: Giao vien ddt ra cho hge sinh nhftng tinh hudng cd vdn de ddi hdi hge sinh phai nd luc giai quyet (dudi sy hudng ddn cua giao vien). Nhd do, hgc sinh se khdc sau dugc kidn thuc, ddng thdi hinh thanh cho minh nhiing chinh kien, quan diem trudc nhung vdn dd, bidn tugng cua cugc sdng.
Thdi didm sft dung: Trong vd sau gid dgc hidu.
Hinh thue: Giao vien dua ra nhftng tinh hudng ed van dd. Chang ban:
Trong thuc le, nhiiu khi song that Ihd qud lgi bi thiit. Niu vdy ihi theo anh/
ehi quan niem ciia tdc gid Luu Quang Vii cd hodn todn dung dan khi dp dung Irong cugc song?
Hgc sinh thao luan, dua ra y kien ciia rainh: Theo quan niem cua Luu Quang Vu, sdng rat cdn su thanh than. Thanh than d day la tiong tdm. Diing la ttong thyc td, that thd, thdng thdn thudng thua thidt nhung khdng phdi vi thd md sdng gja tao, sdng khdng that vdi minh ma su linh hoat d ddy ehinh la kheo leo trong mgi hoan canh va ludn de tam minh thanh than.
Tinh hudng gid dinh
Muc dich: Giao vidn dat ra nhiing tinh hudng gia dinh de hgc sinh nhdp vai vdo eac nhdn vat, hda minh vao tae pham, dugc bdc TAP CHI KHOA H p c , S6 27, thang 3/2018 | 91
Id suy nghi, cam xuc bode neu ra nhftng each gidi quydt cua rainh qua dd ren luydn kT ndng.
sdng cho cac em.
Thdi didra sft dyng: Trong va sau gid dgc hieu tac phdm.
Hinh tiiftc: Giao vien neu cae tinh budng gia dinh, hge sinh neu nhftng suy nghT, cdch giai quydt cua minh ttong nhftng tinh hudng dd.
Sau khi kdt thuc cdu chuydn, giao vidn cd thd dua ra cdc tinh hudng:
Gid dinh Di Thich cho Truang Ba dugc quyen sdng Pong xde cu Ti vd Truong Ba ddng y. Theo anh/ chi, cugc sdng cua Truang Ba sau do se nhu ihi ndo? Trinh bdy nhitng y tu&ng cua anh/ ehi ve nhirng rdc roi se xdy ra vd viit mot ldp kich ngdn ve diiu do?
Niu anh/ chi la ngu&i nhd cua Truang Ba, lieu anh/ chi co thdng cdm dugc cho Trucmg Ba khong? Vi sao?
Gido vidn ehia ldp thdnh 2 nhdm dd hge smh trao ddi, tiido Iuan (ttong khodng 3 phut).
Cac em cd tiid dua ra nhiing suy nghi khac nhau. Gido vidn cdn Idng nghe, khuyen khich nhung y kien, nhftng suy nghi dung dan; dieu chinh nhftng suy nghT chua phu hgp.
3. KET LUAN
Kdt ndi vdn hgc vdi ddi sdng la mdt quan didra, radt hudng di dung dan, mgt nguyen tdc cd tinh chdt bdt budc trong day bgc van hidn dai. Tuy nhien, quan diem nay can duge van dung mdt each linh boat, kheo leo, dftng lue, dung chd, khdng dugc tuy tien, khdng dugc Idm lu md di vdn dd trung tdra eua bai hgc. Hon nua, nd can dugc ey thd hda bdng cdc phuang phdp, bidn phap, hinh thftc phu hgp, sang tao. Dd day hgc kdt ndi vdn bgc vdi ddi sdng, giao vidn phdi ed vdn hieu bidt sdu rgng, cd trinh do chuydn mdn nghidp vu viing vdng dd giup hgc sinh cd hftng thu tira hieu nhftng vdn dd trong tae phdm vd xa hdi quanh minh. Tft dd, hinh thanh bieu biet, kT nang, thai do sdng dung ddn cho cdc em.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bd Giao due vd Dao tao (1963), Chuang trinh mon vdn, Nxb Giao dye.
2. Bg Gido dye va Dao tao (2006), Sdch gido khoa Ngie vdn 12, tap hai, NXB Giao dye.
3. Phan Trgng Ludn (2013), Phuang phdp dgy hgc vdn, tap 1, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham.
4. Phuong Lyu (ehu bidn) (2002), Li lugn vdn hgc, tap I, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham.
5. Dd Nggc Thdng (2007), Chuang trinh vd sdch gido khoa THPT, Nxb Gido dye.
92 1 TRirdNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG