TINH C H D N G MUC
CUA THANH NIEN HUE HIEN NAY
Nghien ciru nay di/gc tai trg bdi Quy Phai trien Khoa hgc va Cong nghS Quoc gia (NAFOSTED) trong de tei: Tmti each thanh nien Hue; Ma sd VI1.1-2013.19; do PGS.TS. Phung Dinh Min lam chD nhiem.
PGS.TS. Phiing Binh Min
Trung tdm Bdo tgo ticxa, Dgi hgc Hue.
TS. Dau Minh Long ThS. Nguy§n Phudc Cat Titdng Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm, Dgi hgc Hue'.
* TOM T A T
Tinh chieng mgc dugc ddnh gid la mpt net tinh cdch dep, rdt dgc trung cua ngudi Hui. Kit qud nghien cieu cho thay dd khdng thuc su dam net, nhung thanh nien Hue hien nay co khuynh hudng chieng mue trong tdt cd cdc khia canh ca bdn ciia dai sdng, tie dn mac, di dung, ndi ndng cho den irng xd trong cdc mdi quan he. Kel qud nghien cieu con cho thay cd su khdc biet cd y nghta thdng ke ve tinh chieng mue giiea nam vd nie thanh nien Hue, giua thanh nien sdng ngogi thanh vd ndi thanh cUng nhu giiea nhieng thanh nien la sinh vien, hgc sinh vd cdng nhdn vien chuc.
Tie khoa: Tinh chieng mue; Thanh nien Hue.
Ngay nhdn bdi: 8/9/2015; Ngay duyet dang bdi: 25/9/2015.
1. Dat viin Se
Thda Thien Hue, mdt tinh thanh nam d vung D u y e n hai Bac mien Trung, mdt vung dat van Men cd b l day lich s d - v a n h d a lau ddi va dac sac.
Theo nhan xet cua nhieu nha nghien cdu, cung n h u van hda, tinh each cua ngudi Hue cd mgt net rat rieng (Vu Diing, 2009). Phan Hitu Dat (1992) khi ndi ve van hda Hue da the hien sy ddng cam cua minh vdi nhiing nhan dinh nay va dng cdn nhan manh: " H i e m cd mdt dan tdc nao d e n the gidi, hiem cd mdt viing cua dat n u d e nao tren dia cau cung nhu trong n u d e ta ma tinh each con ngudi dupe cam nhan ddc dao, phong phu, da dang den ky la n h u x d H u l . d day, chi can den thinh giac thdi, qua gigng ndi diu dang, nhd nhe cua cac cd gai, qua gigng hd mai nhi man mac, qua gipng ndi rieng biet day k i l u each ngd nghinh cua cac me tdn that v . v . . . ta cd the b i l l ngay la da d i n x u sd nay".
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Td trudc den nay, cd kha nhieu nghien cdu dudi nhieu gde dp khac nhau td lich su, viin hda cho den van hpc ve tinh each Hue. Td cac nghien cdu cua minh, cac tac gia da cho thay canh quan thien nhien, khi hau ciing nhu dac diem lich sd - van hda, kinh te - xa hdi, td bao ddi da tao nen nhung net tinh each dac trung cua ngudi Hue nhu rit chung myc, binh di, tham trim, kin dao, than trpng, hoai cd, hiiu hge, tdn su trpng dao, yeu thien nhien... (Phan Huu Dat, 1992; Hoang Phu Nggc Tudng, 1995); Bim Y, 2011; Phung Dinh Min, 2008; Vu Diing, 2009... Trong do, tinh chiing myc, nhe nhang thudng dugc nhieu nha Hue hgc danh gia la net tinh each riit dac trung cua ngudi Hul (Phan Huu Dat, 1992; Vu Dung, 2009; Phung Dinh Man, 2008). Su chdng mue cua ngudi Hue the Men d chd khdng thai qua va ciing khdng it qua. Dilu nay dudng nhu dugc the Men d trong nhilu khia canh cua cupc sdng. NIU nhu dong giao tiep, ngudi Nam Bd cdi md, thoai mai, khdng cin eac nghi thdc ciu ky; ngudi dan vung dong bing B5c Bg nhilu khi qua chd y din cac nghi thdc thi ngudi Hul trong dng xd liii khdng qua vdn va, vda phai, khdng lanh lung, nhung van dam tham va sau lang. Tham chi, khi cd mau thuin hg cung khdng to tieng, quat thao, hp hay sp lam mich long ngudi khac (Phiing Dinh Min, 2008). Ngudi Hue "thieu due tri tuc", biet vua du, khdng mo cao, tam ly con ngudi dn dinh, binh than, phong each td tdn, nhe nhang ma khdng phai noi dau ciing cd (Le Thi Lam, 2012). Nhieu nha nghien cdu khac cdn cho rang sy chdng myc trong tinh each cua ngudi Hue edn thi Men nhu ciu thim my, nhu cau am thyc eua ddi sdng.
Trong bdi canh hdi nhap van hda, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude, cung nhu viec trien khai cac nhiem vu kinh te - xa hpi mdi, lieu net tinh each rat dac trung tren cd cdn dugc gid nguyen trong tang Idp thanh nien tre tudi hay khdng, ed dap dng dugc cac mue tieu, nhiem vu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua tinh nha hay khdng la mdt van de cdn dang bd ngd. Mdt sd nha Hue hgc nhiin manh rang, can phai phan biet ngudi Hul trudc day (xua) va hien tai, vi ddi sdng xa hdi ddi thay qua mau chdng, quan diim va cac gia tri nhieu khi ciing dao ngugc. Ndi ve tinh each ndi bat la noi ve tinh each cua ngudi Hue each day it nhiit cOng gan 50 nam, thud ma xa hpi cdn chua cd.nhieu bien dpng vl kinh tl, chinh tri. Tuy nhien, kha nhilu y kien lai cho rang ngudi Hue qua bao thi he van the, vin ludn chdng mue, nhe nhang, van ludn can trpng. Do do, ngudi Hul "sdng cham" va sy phat triin cua nen kinh tl thi trudng dudng nhu khdng tac dpng nhieu din Hul. Vi the, can cd nhung nghien citu thuc nghiem (empirical research) md ta mdt each toan dien va khoa hgc ve net tinh each chdng mue d thi he tre cua Hul hito nay, ciing nhu sy thay ddi cua nd dudi biln ddng cua thdi cudc, dudi anh hudng cua cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, cua sy thay ddi dinh hudng gia tri sdng trong thdi dai mdi... de hudng den nang cao gia tri giao due, gia tri thyc tiln cua net tinh each nay trong ddi sdng hien dai.
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2. Phuang phdp nghien eiiu 2.1. Khach thi nghien cieu
Khach thi nghien eiiu la 1.600 thanh nien Hue td 18 den 25 tudi, gom hpc sinh, sinh vien va cdng nhan vien chdc. Thanh nien Hue trong nghien cdu nay dupe bilu la thanh nien gde Hul. Viec xac dinh thanh nien gde Hue dugc dya den hai tieu chi co ban sau: Vl mat dia ly: hien dang sinh sdng trong dia phan vung van hda Hul; Vl mat ly lich nhan than: sinh ra va Idn len trong gia dinh cd it nhit ba thi he la ngudi Hul, tinh td phia hg ngi.
2.2. Phu-ang phdp nghien ciiu
D I danh gia tinh ehimg myc cua thanh nien Hue hien nay, phuang phap dilu tra bing bang hdi dupe su dung chu yeu. Phin bang hdi gdm cd 10 items khao sat sy bilu hien cua tinh chdng myc d mpt sd khia eanh eg ban deng ddi sdng ca nhan, cd 5 mdc do d l khach thi lya ehgn, vdi ket qua djnh tinh dugc ehuyin sang dinh lupng nhu sau: 1 diim = hoan toan khdng ddng y; 2 diein = khdng ddng y; 3 diim = phan van; 4 diim = ddng y; 5 diem = hoan toan ddng y. Chi sd Cronbach's Alpha cua bang hdi kha cao (r = 0,84). Dieu nay cho thay cdng cu su dung trong nghien cdu cua chung tdi ed dp tin cay tdt, dam bae su chinh xae eho eac ket qua thu dugc.
3. Ket qua nghien ciru
3.1. Bdnh gid chung ve tinh clmng mue cua thanh nien Hu§
Ket qua khao sat ve van de nay the hien qua bang sd lieu sau:
Bdng 1: Tinh chieng miec cua thanh nien Hue
Cac nh6m khach the Giai tinh
Nai (j
Nghe nghiep
Nam (n = 538) Nii(n= 1.062) Thanh ph6 (n = 1.088) Ngoai thanh (n = 497) Hoc sinh ( n - 4 5 8 ) Sinh vien (n = 783) Cong nhan vien chuc (n = 333)
Chung (n = 1.600)
DTB 3,64 3.74 3,65 3,51 3,66 3,83 3,51 3,70
DLC 0,661 0,567 0,631 0,023 0,553 0,485 0,786 0,602 Ghi chu: DTB. Diem trung binh, DLC: Do lech chuan; 1< DTB < 5; Nghe nghiep: gid tri khuyet Id 26; Nai d: gid tri khuySt Id 15.
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Ket qua hien thi d bang 1 cung cho thiy d thanh nien Hue hien nay, net tinh each dac trung nay vin tilp tuc duge gid gin; tuy nhien, khdng thyc sy dam net bdi hiu hit DTB cac mat bilu hien eua tinh ehimg myc deu thip dudi 4,0.
Bdng 2: Cdc bieu hien ciia tinh chiing mue
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cac bieu hien ciia tinh chirng mirc Toi thich va thutrng chon trang phuc, do diing... c6 mau sSc dan gian, nhe nhang. tinh te
Toi khong qua trau chuot ve ngoai. nhirng chin chu, gcin gang, kin dao
Trong giao tiSp, toi chan thanh, sau sic, khong qua quan tam v6n va, nhirng cung khong tha a, l^nh nhat
Khi mau thuan vdi nguai khac, toi thircfng on hoa, binh tinh nhung cung kha cirng rkn
Tdi bieu hien cam xiic ni6t each chirng mue, khong thai qua:
khong buon, vui qua do
Toi chi tieu mot each vira phai, khong vung tay qua tran nhung ciing khong ha tien, bun xin
Toi CO y thuc ve viec n£n lam va khong nen lam, dieu nen noi va khong nen noi
Toi phe binh nguai khae mot each nhe nhang Toi di diing thong tha, khong voi vang, hap tap Toi noi nang nho nhe, on ton
DTB 4,02 3,95 3,84 3,49 3,51 3,89 3,90 3,58 3,49 3,39
DLC 1,042 0,976 0,898 0,969 1,000 0,910 0,882 0,886 0,944 0,942 Trong tat ea eac bieu hien, sy chung mue trong viee ehgn trang phuc, dd dung... duge thanh nien Hul "bao tdn" mdt each ro net nhat (DTB = 4.02). Xet mdt each ey thi, kit qua khao sat cho thiy den 80,7%i thanh men Hul danh gia cao va theo dudi sy gian di nhung tinh tl trong trang phuc, di) dung... va 78,6%
hudng din sy chin chu, ggn gang nhung khdng qua trau chudt ve nggai. Ngoai ra, dong mdt tinh hudng gia dmh dugc neu ra: "Ban lya ehpn dang phuc gi khi dugc mdi di dy mgt bua tiec (tiee cudi, hdi, mdng tdt nghiep)?", cd 40,9%
"Chgn cho minh mpt bp trang phuc tuai sdng han ngdy thuang mpt ti nhimg khong qud ndi bdt" va 43% "Chgn cho minh mpt bp trang phuc cd gam mdu nhe nhdng, tinh ti". Ty le "Chgn cho minh mpt bp trang phuc cd mau sdc tuai sdng, ndi bgt, phong cdch khdc vdi ngdy thuang" la kha thap. Day cd the la mdt diu hieu rat tich cue bdi khi nhilu trao lim phuang Tay du nhap nhu hien
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nay, lam thay ddi nhung dinh hudng gia di ve tham my trong dang phuc ciia gidi tre, thi viec bao tdn nhung net thanh tao, trang nha cua ngudi Hue trong an mac cin dugc de cao trong xa hdi hien dai.
Ben canh dd, su chung mue trong chi tieu, biet lo xa tuy khdng dugc thanh nien Hul bilu Men mgt each d£im net nhung cung rit dang de cao. d dp tudi td 18-25, chdng ta thudng it quan tam den viec tilt kiem dong thu chi vi tudi ddi cdn kha tre, phan Idn dang cdn "tudi an, tudi hgc", it phai lo toan va va cham din "cai an, cai mac" trong ddi sdng hang ngay. Vi the, ty le 75,7%
"hoan toan ddng y" va "ddng y" ve viec "Chi tieu mpt cdch viea phdi, khdng vung tay qud trdn nhung cUng khdng hd tien, bun xin" la mdt ty le kha cao.
Ngoai ra, trong giao tiep, dng xd thanh nien Hue van kha chdng mye, den 74,9% cho rang hp ludn "Y thuc ve nhieng viec nen Idm vd khong nen lam, nhieng dieu nen noi vd khdng nen ndi\ Day dugc xem la mgt net rat dac trung cua ngudi Hue; sy de dat, than trpng trong Idi ndi, thai dp, cd khi nhu thieu cdi md van dugc thanh nien Hue hien nay the hien mgt each tugng ddi rd net. Ben canh dd, net dep cua su dn hda, nhe nhang trong giai quyet mau thuan, phe binh ngudi khac cung dugc thanh nien Hue tiep tuc gid gin. Vdi tinh hudng
"Cd ngudi di tren dudng. Id dam vao ban, lam ban nga. Chiec xe may va ban khdng hi xay xat gi nang, ban se lam gi?", cd 50,3% chgn phuang an "Ban thdy minh khdng viec gi nen bgn chi nhac nhd nguai ta Idn sau dimg bdt can the" va 43% chgn phuang an "Bgn khdng doi co gi vdi ngudi ta, vdn dn hda nhieng bgn se xem xet ky ludng chiec xe vd thdn the minh vd neu cdn thiet ban diet khodtyeu cdu ngudi ta den bii". Nhu vay, cung vdi su nhe nhang, binh tinh trong phe binh ngudi khac, trong mSu thuan, sy than trpng trong Idi ndi. hanh ddng gdp phan giam thieu di nhung xung khac, xung dot trong quan he xa hdi.
Tuy nhien, theo danh gia cua eac nha nghien cdu khac, nhdng net tinh each nay khien ngudi Hue khdng dam vupt ra khdi khudn phep thdng thudng, ddi khi gan nhii "an phan thu thudng", khdng dam vugt ra khdi sy gd bd cua 18 giao dl vuon den nhdng gi hp thuc su mong mudn trong mdi quan he vdi nhimg ngudi xung quanh; vi the, ddi khi din den tinh dang "bing mat nhung khdng bang Idng".
Trong tat ca nhdng mat bieu hien, "ndi ndng dn tdn, nhd nhe", vdn dupe xem la nhdng phong thai "rit Hul", thi lai cd ve nhu khdng thuc sy diln hinh trong gidi tre cua Hul hien nay. Din 53,5% thanh nien Hul "hoan toan khdng ddng y", "khdng ddng y" va "phan van" vdi nhung md ta nay danh cho ca nhan minh. Nhu vay, d mpt ehung myc nao dd, dd duge xem nhd nhe so vdi gipng ndi phdng khoang cua eu dan Nam Bd, gigng ndi sic nggt cua ngudi miin Bic, gipng ndi ddng dae cua dit Quang Nam, kha nhilu thanh nien Hul hien nay cho rang minh da pha chut net nang ddng, manh me trong ndi nang, hanh vi va
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cu chi. Mdt bac cao nien d Hue chia se: "Lau lam rdi tdi con khong duac thdy hinh anh nhiing td do ddi thuat tha trong ndng nUa. Con hinh dnh nhieng td do vdn thong tha, ung dung dap xe dudi trai mua du chi con trong tha ca md thdi". Cd 18 thyc dang gay mot chut luyen tiec cho nhdng bac Idn tuoi d Hue ve nhdng net Hul xua, nhung xet d mdt goc do khac, khuynh hudng nang ddng, manh me, nhanh nhen dong hanh vi, cd ehi cua thanh nhien Hul it nhieu phu hop ban vdi tinh chit eua thanh nien trong thdi dai mdi, giup hp cd thi hda nhap tdt hon dong bdi canh Men dai.
Nhu vay, nhin tdng the, kit qua nghien edu cho thay du khdng thyc su dam net, nhtmg tinh ehimg myc rat dac tnmg eua ngudi Hue vin dugc thi hien tuong ddi rd rang d thanh nien Hue. Du ed khuynh hudng nang ddng hon, manh me va dirt khoat hon dong ndi nang va di ddng... nhung nhin chung, thanh nien Hue hudng den sy ehimg mue trong hiu hit cac khia eanh cua ddi sdng nhu cae the he di trudc. Cd le nhd the ma den nay, ngudi Hul vin song
"rat cham", rat em dem nhu ddng sdng Huong, la "mpt que huong cua hanh phuc" Thanh nien Hue cd le van kha hai Idng vdi cudc sdng cham nhu vay.
Ket qua khao sat cua chiing tdi cho thiy hon 50%o thanh nien Hue cho rang, hg se gan bd d nai day dd Hue khdng phai la noi phu hgp cho nbOng ngudi nang ddng. Hue khdng ed nhieu eg hgi viec lam cho tat ca mgi ngudi; ehi 23,8%
mong mudn di den nhdng vung dat sdi ddng, nhdn nhip. Tinh ehimg myc khien ngudi Hue khdng dam udc mo cao, chi hudng den sy dn dinh, an phan va chi bd hep ddi sdng cua minh dong ddi sdng gia dinh va hg tdc. Thyc te cho thay Hul vdn la mdt trong nhdng trung tam kinh te - van hda Idn so vdi nhieu vimg khac eua dat nude, nhung din nay khi ndi den Hiie ngudi ta khdng noi din sy phat diln kinh tl ma chi ndi den net van hda cd kinh cua dat "Thien kinh", ndi din sy yen binh. Du vay, den tat ca, mue tieu cua ddi ngudi, suy cho cung, chinh la sy hai long va binh an dong tam hdn. Trong y hudng dd, tinh ehimg myc cd le ludn la mgt net tinh each dep, cd y nghia quan dpng dong nhan each cua thanh men Hue.
3.2. Tinh chiing mue cua thanh nien Hui dudi nhu-ng Idt cdt khdc nhau Viec xem xet tinh each thanh nien Hul dudi nhung lat cat khac nhau cho chung ta mdt cai nhin tean dien hon, chi tilt ban vl net tinh each rit dac trung nay cua ngudi Hue d the he de.
Dudi lat cit gidi tinh, kit qua khao sat cho thiy mue dp bilu hien tinh ehimg mue cua nd thanh men Hul cao hon nam thanh nien Hue (t (isiis) = 3,03;
p < 0,01). Kit qua nay cd le khdng khd dl du doan. Vdi nhung net dac trung rit rieng vdn ed cua phai nu, dac biet la nO A Ddng nhu chiu thuang, chiu khd, diim dam, de dat, dim tinh hay nhudng nhin... nen cang de cd khuynh hudng chdng myc trong Idi an, tieng ndi, each an mac, chi tieu... so vdi nam gidi.
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Kit qua nghien citu cdn cho thay cd sy khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke vl tinh ehdng myc giua thanh nien sdng d ngoai thanh thanh phd Hul va thanh nien sdng ndi thanh thanh phd Hul. Theo dd, tinh chdng mue eua nhdng thanh nien sdng d ngoai thanh cao ban nhdng thanh nien sdng d khu vyc ndi thanh (t (1583) = 5,55; p < 0,001). Mdt lan nua, ket qua nay thyc sy cung khdng gay nhilu bit ngd. Ddi sdng cua nhdng thanh nien vung ngoai thanh thudng gan vdi lang qu6, thdn xdm, thudng gan vdi ndng nghiep, euge sdng cua hg thudng dung di, it chiu anh hudng cua ddi sdng cdng nghiep hien dai ban so vdi cu dan thudc npi thanh. Ngoai ra, ngudi dan ngoai thanh thudng ludn tdn trpng ne nip, gia phong, hg tdc... hon la ngudi dan ndi thanh (t (1583) = 8,34; p < 0,001).
Cd 16 vi the ma thanh nien sdng d ngoai thanh khd vugt qua ranh gidi cua su chung mue dl sdng het minh, hg nang long vdi cupc sdng xua cii, rieng tu, bd hep trong edng ddng nhd cua gia dinh, hp tdc, bing hiiu hgn la nhiing thanh nien ngi thanh thanh phd.
Dudi lat cat nghe nghiep, ket qua nghien cdu cho thay, sinh vien cd dnh chung myc cao nhit, tiep din la hgc sinh, cudi cung la cdng nhan vien chdc (Nha nude va tu nhan) (F (2,i57i) = 37,77; p < 0,001). Ket qua nay tuong ddi khd ly giai va dudng nhu khd dy doan dugc. Thdng thudng, khi trudng thanh hgn, chung ta tram tTnh ban, chin chan ban, biet suy tinh, xem xet trudc sau hon nen chung ta dl hudng din sy ehimg myc han trong mgi khia canh cua ddi sdng. Tuy nhien, ket qua khao sat trong nghien cim nay lai khdng phan anh dugc dieu tudng nhu la rat logic dd. Nghien cdu nay dudng nhu lai minh ehiing eho mdt dieu ngugc lai. Khi thanh nien Hue truting thanh hem, ban linh ban, hg cd the mudn diin thoat khdi sy giao due cda gia dinh, su rang huge cita truyen thdng hg toe, hg cho phep minh mao hiem hgn de trai nghiem vdi nhdng dieu minh thye su mong mudn va mo udc, nhdng dieu ma khi cdn d tudi hpc sinh, sinh vien ed thi hg chua kip thyc hien. Cd le vi thi ma tinh ehimg mue dong tinh each cua hg lai khdng dam net so vdi Ida tudi sinh vien va hgc sinh, nhihig thi he dang cdn phu thudc rit nhieu vao giao due eua gia dinh, cdn kha than trpng dong viec xac djnh eho minh Idi di rieng trong cudc sdng, dong nghe nghiep, trong phong each sdng.
Nhu vay, ket qua khao sat da chiing td cd sy khac biet ed y nghia thdng ke ve tinh ehimg mye gida nam thanh nien va nd thanh nien Hul, giua thanh nien sdng ngoai thanh va ndi thanh ciing nhu gida nhdng thanh men la sinh vien, hpc sinh hay cdng nhan vien chuc. Kit qua nay cho chung ta mdt eai nhin da dien ban ve tinh ehdng mue d thanh nien Hul dl thiy ring d mdi con ngudi khac nhau, mdc dp thS hien cua tinh ehimg mye khae nhau diy vae nhdng dai nghi$m rieng, nhdng boat dgng, giao luu cua con ngudi trong gia dinh va dong cdng ddng.
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3.3. Cdcyiu td dnh hudng din tinh ehimg mue cda thanh nien Hue NSu nhu tinh each ca nhan chiu anh hudng cua yeu td di truyin, mdi trudng va dae biSt la tinh tich eye trong hoat ddng cua ca nhan thi tinh each dan toe, vung miin chu yeu chju anh hudng eua cac yen td dia ly, van hda - xa hdi va tdn giao. Trong khudn khd nghien cdu nay, chung tdi chi xem xet su anh hudng cua yeu td tdn giao den tinh ehimg myc eua thanh nien Hul.
Kha nhieu tae gia trude day eho rang tinh chdng mye ciia ngudi Hul chju anh hudng rat Idn tu Phat giao. Chinh anh hudng tu tudng Phat giao ma ngudi Hue cam nhan bing tryc giac nhieu ban ly tinh, nen con ngudi Hul cd tinh Thien hon Nho, tram tinh, diem dam, sau lang - mdt bilu hien eua tinh ehimg mye (Le Thj Lam, 2012). Viee tham nhuan va dng dung Trung dao dong ddi sdng hien tai ed le da tae ddng rit Idn din viec hinh thanh tinh each nay d ngudi Hul. Qua giao phap nay, ngudi Hul hiiu ring mue dieh cua cudc sdng la khdng h?ii minh va hai ngudi, khdng lam khd minh va ngudi khac. Hg phai chgn mgt Idi sdng lanh manh biit du, dua minh din tam thanh tinh va tri thanh tinh, sdng hda hgp vdi mgi ngudi, biit tha thd va yeu thuong, nhin nhau vdi cap mit ai kinh (Le Thj Toan, 2012).
Bdng 3: He so tucmg quan gida tinh chieng mue vd niem tin, thuc hdnh Nho gido, Phdt gido cua thanh nien Hue
Mirc do niim tin va thirc h^nh Nho giao
Ph^t giao
He so tuong quan (r) voi tinh chirng mirc 0,33**
0,19**
Ghi chit: *:p<0,01
Du vay, kit qua khao sat hiin thi d bang 3 lai cho thiy he sd tuong quan ciia mdc dp niim tin va thyc hanh Phat giao vdi tinh chdng myc lai kha thap.
Dilu nay phin nao eho thiy anh hudng cua Phat giao ddi vdi tinh chdng myc la khdng thue sy manh mS nhu nhan dinh cua cac tac gia trudc day.
Bdng 4: Miec dp niim tin vd thiec hdnh tdn gido ciia thanh nien Hue
TT 1 2
Tdn giao Nho giao
Phat giao
DTB 3,40 3,27
DLC 0,570 0,587 Ghi chii: DTB: Diem Irung binh; DLC: Do lech chudn: l< BTB < 5.
TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, S6 10 (199), 10 - 2015 67
Cd le cin phai xac djnh mdt each rd rang rang anh hudng eua Phat giao ddi vdi tinh each tiianh nien Hue ndi chung va tinh ehdng myc ndi rieng phu thudc rit Idn vao niim tin ciing nhu thyc hanh Phat giao cua thanh nien Hul, dac biet la su thim nhuin giao ly vl Trung dao cua Dao Phat. Tuy nhien, khao sat cua chung tdi cho thtiy niem tin va thyc hanh Phat giao cua thanh nien Hue khdng thyc su cao (bang 4). Xet mgt each cy thi, gan 40%o thanh nien Hul cho ring hg khdng "thudng di chiia de le Phdt vd nghe gidng phdp"; gan 50%
khdng "thuang sii dgng thdi gian rdnh rdi de hgc tap hodc thuc hdnh Phdt Phdp"; 34,6% thd nhan ring hp chi la mpt Phat td danh nghia, hem la mpt Phat tu thuin thanh va 28,2% phan van khdng bill lieu minh ed phai la mdt Phat tu thuan thanh hay khdng.
Kit qua nghien cdu nay cd the da chdng minh nhan dinh cua nha nghien eiiu Trin Due Anh Son dong mdt cupc phdng van gan day cua chung tdi:
"Phdt gido - mpt tdn gido de cao mgnh me den tinh nhdn bdn - cdng cd dnh huang it nhieu den tinh cdch thanh nien Hue. Tuy nhien, cdn luu y rdng ddy Id su dnh hudng tie nhien, cd tinh thu dpng, nghia Id do sinh ra vd l&n len trong cdi ndi cita Phdt gido Viet Nam, nen thanh nien Hue thudng hien lanh, it hung hdng... chii khong cd nghia la do hdu het thanh nien am hieu vd thuc hdnh Phdt gido nhu mpt Phdt tie thuan thanh rdi xdy diing, hinh thdnh cho minh mpt cdch chil dpng vd tu gidc. Thuc su thi do Id mpt cdn tinh tu nhien do dugc sdng trong mpt mdi trudng tdt, nghia Id mdi tneang hun diic nen tinh cdch do chie khdng phdi tu tap md nen". Cd 18 vi thi ma anh hudng cua PhSt giao ddi vdi tinh ehimg myc d thanh men Hue khdng thyc sy manh me. Va dd cung chinh la ly do Men nay viec ehan hung Phat giao ddi vdi gidi tre, viec "de hda"
Phat giao dang dugc gidi tang ni va Phat td Hue rat quan tam trien khai thuc Men bdi viec tu t|ip va thyc hanh Phat giao mdt each thue thy mdi thyc su dem lai nhdng chuyen bien dang ke ve mat nhan each cho Phat td.
Ben eanh Phat giao, ket qua khao sat cho thay Nho giao vSn cd anh hudng kha manh me den tinh ehdng myc cua thanh nien Hue (bang 3). La cd do eu. Hue chiu nhieu anh hudng cua Nho giao. Phan Idn thanh nien Hue tiep thu mgt sd tu tudng va thye hanh Nho giao thdng qua sy truyin thu ty nhien eua dng ba, cha me, qua giao due va ne nep gia dinh. Kha nhieu thanh nien Hue khdng dam vugt qua le giao, khdng vugt qua ranh gidi cua sy chdng myc dl sdng hit minh, dae biet la nd gidi. Va ngay ca nam gidi cdng v$y, hg it khi dam hanh ddng vugt qua sy cho phep eua cac bac cha chu dong gia dinh. Dac biet, thanh nien Hul rit ngai mang lai dilu tilng eho giadinh nen hg y thdc rat rd vl nhiing viee nen lam va khdng nen lam, nhiing dieu nen ndi va khdng nen ndi. Kit qua khao sat cdn cho thay he sd Pearson giua nl nep gia dinh va giao due gia dinh theo Nho giao vdi tinh chtmg mue cua thanh nien Hul la tugng
68 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd' 10 (199), 10-2015
1 '^^° (r = 3,13 va r = 3,74). Viec mpi ngudi dong gia dinh rit eoi trpng viec giu gin tdn ti dat ty va le nghia; cha me thudng nhac nhd eon eai sdng gian di, Chung mye, khdng dn ao, phd truang; dng ba, cha me thudng day tdi each cu xu phai phep, ll do, nha nhjn vdi mpi ngudi; cha me ludn gid gin loi an tilng not cung nhu tac phong lam viec cua minh dl lam guong cho con cai... da gdp phan tao nen tinh ehimg mue cua thanh nien Hue td an mac, ndi nang, di ddng cho den each img xd vdi ding mdi quan he cu thi gida anh vdi em, cha me, dng ba, ngudi la...
Nhu vay, kit qua nghien cdu nay da chdng td ring niim tin va viee thyc hanh tdn giao cd mdt y nghia nhit dmh trong viec hinh thanh nen net tinh each chdng myc cua thanh nien Hul hien nay.
4. Kit lu^n
Tinh chdng myc la mdt net tinh each dep rit dae dung cua ngudi Hul.
Nhd tinh ehdng myc ma ngudi Hul cd tam ly dn djnh, mgt phong thai td tdn, binh than, nhp nhang khdng phai nai nao cung ed. Cung nhd tinh ehdng myc, ma ngudi Hul sdiig hda hgp vdi nhau, bill nhudng nhin, it mau tiiuln va xung dot. Trong xu the hgi nh|p, tinh chung myc la cin thilt dl giup eon ngudi khdng danh mat ban sic vdn ed cua minh, nhd do ma Hul bao tdn dugc cac gia di van hda. Vdi nhiing mat tich eye nhu vay, tinh ehimg myc la mdt net tinh each can dugc thanh nien Hue gid gin va phat huy. Kit qua nghien cdu cua chung tdi da dem lai nhdng tin hieu rit kha quan khi cho thiy, du khdng thuc sy dam net, nhung thanh nien Hul cd khuynh hudng ehimg myc trong tit ca cac khia canh eg ban cua ddi sdng, td an mac, di dung, ndi nang cho din dng xu trong cac mdi quan he.
Men minh, duge khuyin khieh ndi len tieng ndi cua minh, dugc dap dng cac nhu ciu va mong udc ehinh dang eua ban than.
T^i liSu tham khao
1. Phan Hiiu Dat, Mpt sd vdn di ddn ipc Viet Nam, NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi, 1992.
2. Vu Dung, Tdm ly hgc ddn tdc, NXB Tu diln Bach khoa. Ha Npi, 2009.
3. Le Thi Lam, Phdt gido vd tinh chieng mue trong Idi sdng ciia ngudi Hui, 2012, Truy cap ngay 22.10.2014 tai http://phathocdoisong.com/doi-song/hon-nhan-gia- dinh/phat-giao-va-tmh-chiing-muc-trong-loi-song-cua-nguoi-hue.html
4. Phung Dinh Min, Bude ddu tim hieu tinh cdch ngudi Hue, Tap chi Tam ly hpc. So 12(117), 1 -4,2008.
5. Le Thi Toan, TriSt ly nhdn sinh Phdt gido vd tinh cdch, Idi sdng Hue, Tgp chi Cong tac Ton giao, 2012, Truy cSp ngay 22.03.2014 td http://vinhnghiemvn.com/Print View.aspx?Language=vi&ID=76C61B
6. Hoang Phil Ngpc Tudng, Hui di tich vd con ngudi, NXB Thuan Hoa, 1995.
7. Biiu Y, Ngudi Hui - Anh Id ai? Ngdy thdng thenh thang,'i^XB Van hpc, 2011.
70 TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd' 10 (199), 10 - 2015
