\l Sir dung hdp Phat giao doi vdi tin ngi/eng thd cung to tien bieu hien
qua nghi le cua ngifdi Viet hien nay
(Qua Ichao sat mot so chua d Ha Noi)
PHAN NHAT TRINH (TWch Nguyen Hanh)*
Dat v a n d e
KM du n h a p vao Viet Nam dau Cdng ngioffin, Phfit giao dan d i n dOdc Viet hda vfi cd sffc so'ng mgnh me trong ddi song tinh t h i n d a nhan dan, tgo nen sff dung hdp vffi truyen thS'ng van hda dan tpc trfin mpi kMa canh: le hfi, tin ngOSng, phong tuc, tap quan... Cbinh vi vgy, m i i quan he giQa Phfit gifio vfi vfin hda ban dia Viet Nam tff ldu da trd thanh "manh dat mau md" dio cdc n h a khoa hpc tim Meu, ngMfin cflu. Tuy nMen, cfic chu d l trffdc dfiy chfl ylu de d p den anh hffdng d a Phgt gifio dli vffi ran ngodi Vifit Nam trfin linh vuc tU tudng, vfin hda ndi chung; thffi gian ngMfin cffu cua v ^ d l ptiln ldn tap trung vfio giai doan Ly - Tran (dinh cao d a phfit t r i l n Phfit giao) vfi sU dung hdp trong truyen thing.
Tff kM doi mdi (1986) de'n nay, Viet Nam bffdc vfio thffi ky cdng ngMep hda.
Men dai bda vfi hpi nhap. Dffdi anh hudng cua kinh te' tlii trudng, dfic biet lfi cfic chinh sfich v l tff do ton giao d a Dang vfi Nhfi nffdc, boat dfing cua cdc tdn gido diu
CO sU khdi sdc mgnh me, trong do cd Phdt gido. Sfi' Iffdng phat tff va ngffdi ffi chfla khong ngtftig gia tang.. Hoat dfng tdn giao, tin ngffdng cOng "ram rp", sfii noi va da dang dffdi riMlu Mnh thQc. S Q dung hdp giffa Phgt giao vffi tin ngudng truyen thong (cu the la tuc thd cung t l tien) dfi mang npi dung vd mfiu s i c mffi. Tren cd sd dd, Pbdt giao dfi gop p h i n ndng cao, Ifim phong phd, da dgng them kho tang van hda truyen thS'ng tot dep cua ngffdi Viet ndi rifing, dfin tpc ^^et Nam ndi chung.
Thffc tfi' tren dang dfit ra van de: Su dung hgp giibi Phdt gido ddi vdi tuc thd cung to tien hien nay bieu hiin nhu thi' ndo qua nghi H cda ngUbi Viet (d mpt s6 ngdi chiia Hd Npi)? D l tra lbi cfiu hdi dd, d n tMfi't phai cd nhiitig ngMen ctfu cu t b i duffi gdc dp tdn gifio hpc. Trong kM cbn tMfi'u cac cong trinh d l cap de'n van de nfiy, bfii vifi't sau day se gdp phan tra ldi cfiu hoi neu trfin.
NgMfin cflu nfiy dUdc tie'n hdnh thong qua khao sat d ba chua tai Hfi Npi, dd la chfla Tfio Sach (phudng Nhat Tan, qufin
* Phan Nhat Trinh (Thich Nguyen Hanh), Nhfi sU Tru tri Chfla Tao Sdch, Tay Hi, Ha Noi;
kifem Phfi ban Tri sU Giao hfii Phat giio VN, Quan Tfiy Ho
60 Nghien cdu Bdng Nam A, sd 11/2015 Tdy Ho), chua Bo D l (phudng B l D l , quan
Long Bifin) vfi chua Phap Van (phudng Hoang Lift, quan Hofing Mai). Trong dd, chfla Tfio Sach do tac gia cua bfii v i l t nfiy la iNhfi su try tri.
1. Mpt s o k h a i n i ^ m suT d u n g t r o n g b a i vi^t
- S^ dung hgp: Theo sfich Dai tO ffiln tieng ^^fit; Sff dung hpp lfi dung hda vffi ntiau trong mdt the thong nhat (Nguyin Nhu Y, Chu. biin, 1999, tr. 554).
- Tin ngddng thd cdng to tien: Tin ngudng thd cijng to tien cd the dUdc Meu theo tiai nghia sau: 1) Theo nghia hep, tin ngffdng thd cung t l tifin la sU thd cung cha me, 0 1 ^ ba, to tien, do lfi nhufr^ ngUffi da mat, cflng huylt t h i n g , da ed cfing sinh thanh vfi nuoi dUSng con chau. 2) Theo nghia rpng, tfn ngUdng thd cung to tien khSng cM md rfng huyfi't thfing tff gia ffinh dfi'n hp tfc mfi cdn md rfng r a d to tien lfing xa, dat nffdc: '^Dgo thd to tiin theo nghia rdng khdng chi thd nhdng ngudi co cdng sinh dudng da khudt, nghia Id nhdng ngudi CO cilng huyit thdng md thd cd nhiing ngUdi co cdng ven, cpng ddng, ldng xa vd ddt nUdc^^^K
Trong bai viet nay, chflng tSi sff dung khm mem tfn ngUEfng thd eiing to tifin theo ngMa hep. Dd la, thd ciing cha me, Sng ba, t l tien kM hp da mat (thd cung to tien trong pham vi gia ffinh).
- Nghi le: Theo Victor Turner: ngM lfi (ritual) lfi hanh vi dffdc quy dinh cd tinh chat ngM thffc danh cho nhfllig dip, khong Uln quan den cSng vific cd tinh chat hfing ngay, mfi cd quan hfi vffi c:ac mem tin vao dang toi cao hay sffc manh than bi (Victor Turner, 2006, tr. 242). Nhfi ngMen cffu
Bang Nghiim Vgn lai cho r i n g , ngM l l lfi hfinh vi tSn gifio; bat cQ tdn giio nfio muln ton tai d n cd nhiing hdnh vi thd cdng Uln quan d i n mem tdn, gifio Iy (nfi dung) tSn giao, dffdc thffc Men bffi cfic chffc sic, nhflhg ngudi Iam n g h i tfin gifio chuyln n ^ e p , hofic t u thUc Men, dffdc su clii dan d a mpt nguyfin ly vfi nfi dung nhait dinh.
6 t a t d cfic tSn gifio, cd liai phUcfng pliap d l cd t h i quan hf vffi cfic sifiu Unh d ben kia t h i giffi: thd nlidt, b i n g tU cfi nhan (tffdng mem, d u xin, fin chay, nhin doi mfit thffi gian n h l t dinh, hfinh xac, Mfing cff, dang cung vfit le, hanh hffcmg...). Cd nhan dd cd the dai ffifin cho ddn vi huylt t h i n g lfi gia dinh hay mpt nhdm xa hfi ; thd hai, dffdc tifi'n hfinh dffffi binh thffc cfng dong (dbng hp, lfing xdm, ddn tpc, cSng d i n g tSn giao (hpi hpp, ffiiu hanh, le hfi, hfinh hUdng, rao giang, kifi't hg, kifii^
cfl..). Nhflng hfinh vi tSn gido ndi tren duoc gpi la nghi le hay le thdto.
iNhu vfiy, nghi lfi lfi mSl quan hfi cua d c thUc the d thfi' gidi bfin kia vffi cufc sing tran gian d a rang d i n g va cfi nhfin, ldm cho npi dung giao ly ton gifio trd n i n sing dpng, p h i qufit qua thUc bfinh ton gifio [Dang NgMfim Vgn (2001, tr. 96 - 98].
2. Srf d u i ^ hcfp P h ^ t g i a o d^i vofi tin ngrfSng thcf c i i i ^ to t i e n c u a ngrfdi W^t, b i e u h i $ n t r o n g n g h i l l that ciing
Nhu d p h i n khai nifim da trinh bay, nghi li thd cdng lfi hfinh vi hofic he thS'ng hfinh vi d a cfi nhan hofic tap the, tuan theo mpt quy tfie nhat dinh, Ifip ffi Ifip lai, n h i m dgt tdi mot muc dfch tin ngodng ton thd mdt thfi' luc sifiu nMen nao dd. NgM l l thd cflng thffdng dffdc t b i che hda (cd t b i thfinh van ban, cd the khong). Nghi le thd
Phan Nhdt Trinh (Thich Nguyen Hgnh) - SU dung hap Phdt gido... 61 d n g tfin giao t h u d i ^ sff dyng cdc Mnh
thQc vdn hda nghfi thuat n h u mua, hdt, s i c p h u c l a r a tfing thfim tinb huyln bi vd cung kinh.
NgM 11 thd cflng trong cfic chua Vilt Nam Men nay rait phong phu vfi da dgng, dffdc the Men qua m f t so ngfiy l l cbinh nhu L l P h a t Ddn, L l Phat t h a n h dao, L l Vu Lan, v.v. Hfing ndm, cung nhff nMlu chfla trong ca nude, Chfla Phdp Van, Tfio Sfich va Bo D l diu t l chQc thuc Men d c ngM l l vfio cae ngay ndi trfin. Trong dd, l^
Vu Lan vffa lfi mpt ngM l l truyin thS'ng cua Phfit giao nhUtig cung vffa lfi ngM l l t h i Men ffiim tUdng d i n g gifla gifio Iy d a Phgt giao vffi y ngMa cua tin ngudng thd cung to tifin d a ngffdi ^fiifit. CMnh vi vfiy, sff dung hdp giffa Phfit gifio doi vffi tin ngffdng thd cung t l tifin (qua ffiln tach Phgt gifio) trong ngM le nay dffdc t b i Mfin r i t dgc slc*^*.
Tfl tich cua Phat giao, hfing nam cff dfi'n ngay R i m thfing Bay, ngffdi Viet d khap mpi nffi diu dfing cfic pham vfit d l cung chff tang vffi muc ffich d u xin cho vong b i n ngffdi thfin, t l tien cua minh dffdc thodt khoi ncri dia nguc. Cflng theo quan mem t r i n , Dffe Phgt cM cd t h i bay cho cdch thofit khdi dia nguc; nhffng muln thofit khdi dia i^uc can phai theo dflng ldi Phgt day, ngMa lfi, chinh vong nhfin d a t l tifin, nhflng ngffffi da khuat phai tU chuyln ngMep lay eho minh d l tim t h i y con dudng thofit khoi dia nguc. Le Vu Lan ddi bdi hang tfim cua tin chu, l l vfit d l dang cung chff Tfing, chff khong phai dang cflng Phgt. Theo gifio ly Phfit gifio, chff Tfing bao g i m Thfinh Tflng, Hien Tfing vfi Pham Tfing. Thdnh T&ng, lfi cdc vi Bo Tfit, de tff cfla Phat. nguyin d lgi trong dffi hda dp
chung sinh. Hiin Tdng, Ifi cfic vi da tu qua nMlu kiep vfi da luSn luSn trau doi dQc h a n h qua cac kifi'p. Phdm T&ng, Ifi d c vi su thy giffi ty Idiieu de trau doi dffe hanh, tu theo dung Iffi Phat day.
Ve pMa ngUffi dfin, dQc tin vd Ibi^
thfinh lfi nhiftig ylu to rat d n tMet d l d u xin cho Unh hon ong bfi, cha me, t l tifin dUdc sieu thang nhd pbap mdn Vu Lan.
Ngffdi dan phai tin d Phfip Phfit, tin d nhdn qua, tMfin - ac vfi tin d giao ly nha Phat.
Le Vu Lan d nffdc ta ngofii y nghia dung tff bi lam mpt phffdng tien pha nguc, cbn gpi la Tfi't Trung Nguyen. Day lfi ngfiy Tfi't theo truyin t h i n g d a tin ngUdng dfin gian, gan Uln vdi t^p tuc thd cung t l tifin.
Trong sfich Viet Nam phong tuc d a Phan K l Binh d l d P de'n van de nfiy nhff sau;
"R^m tiidng Bdy ggi la T^t Trung Nguyin.
Ta tin theo sdch Phdt, thudng cho hdm dy Id ngdy xd tpi vong nhdn, nghia Id ngudi dudi dm phu duac tha tpi mpt ngdy hom dy. Bdi vgy, nhiiu nhd mua vdng ma cung gia tiin, cdc nlid cd ngidti mdi mdt cUng hay ddt md, ldm chay vi hom dy^^\
Nhff vay, ngfiy iRim thang Bay khSng phai cM la ngfiy l l d a Phgt gido, tnfdc kM Phfit gifio du nhap, trong tin ngudng d a nguffi Vilt da cd tui ngOdng ngfiy nfiy roi.
iNhUng kM dgo Phat tmyen vfio tM nd dffdc dung hpp cflng vffi Phat gifio vfi nang tfn ngudng len mft mQc dp cao hdn. Ngay nay, ngay lfi nay dffdc ca nhfi ehfla vfi dan chflng rait rai trpng. iHif n nay, vao ngay l l Vu Lan phan ldn trong cac gia ffinh ngudi Viet deu thffc Mfin nhiitig ngM l l cung bai, dang l l chff Phgt, chff B l Tfit, cau nguyen de giai thofit cho vong Unh t l tifin, Sng ba, cha me. Hp coi dfiy chinh lfi ngay xa tfi vong nhdn. Ngofii y nghia bfio Mfi'u, Rfim
62 Nghien edit Bdng Nam A. sd 11/2015 thfing Bay cung lfi dip de n h a n gian cOng
chff tfing hanh thien, ngffffi t a Ifip dfin cung chflng sinh, tM thffc cQu giup nhflng vong hon khSng nffi nUdng tUa.
Bfin cgnh dd, sU dung hdp Phat giao vffi tin ngudng thd cung t l tifin trong ngM l l cbn bieu hien 6 l l vfit dfing cflng d chua.
Trong chua thffdng cd ea l l chay vfi l l mfin.
Tuy nhifin, kM l l Phat, ngffdi ta cM ddng luc cdng: hffdng, hoa, dfing (den nfi'n), tra (nffdc chfi), qua tbffc (xoi, oan). Lfi chay dflng de dfing d khu Phat ffien (cbinh ffifin), l l mfin d nhflng khu vUc chfla thd tU cac vi Thanh, Mau va ban thd DQc Ong. Lfi mfin thudng cung cM ddn gian gom gid, cha, ga, rUda.. Day cung cbinh lfi sU t h i Men nbiJng dung hdp Phfit giao dfi'i vffi tin ngudng thd cung t l tifin cua ngUdi Viet.
Trong nghi l l cung Phfit vfi t l tien, khfing t h i tMfi'u nghi thffc thap huong. Vi the, ngffdi Vift thffdng mua hUdng vao nhong dip ll Tfi't d l cung Phat va cflng t l tifin. Nen hUdng kM dffdc thap len se trd thfinh sdi ddy tMfing Ueng nfi'i k i t giffa thfi' gidi con ngUffi va thfi' giffi tfim linh. iNMlu ngudi cbn cd thdi quen trffdc kM lam mft vific gi quan trpng, diu cd nen hffdng thap t r i n bfin thd Phfit vfi bfin thd to tifin. KM tien hfinh ngM l l thd ciing Phat hoac to tifin, ngudi ta thffdng thfip hffdng theo s l le, cd t h i lfi 1, 3, 5, 7... vi so le thupc dUdng.
Theo luat "cd nglu" d a dich ly tM s l le duong tUdng t n m g cho phan vfi binh, cho trdi, cho sU trong sach, cho sU md d a van vdt., Tuy nMen, trfin thffc te', nguffi ta thffdng cM t h i p ba nen hffdng cho mfii bfit nhang. Sd di ngfldi Viet thap ba nfin vi theo quan mem xffa, kM thap hUcfng Ifin tbi Trdi - Dat - Ngffffi diu cd sff cam flng, Unh thSng. Cung theo triet ly cua phffdng
DSng, dd lfi nguyin ly pho quat vu try, van vgt tucttig flfng, tucmg d m la; TMdn - Dia - Nhfin. Do vfiy, ba ndn lfi tUong trUtig cho ba ngSi: Trdi - Da't - NgUffi. Cbn trong Pbdt gifio, kM t h i p hUdng l l Phat, ngffffi Vift quan nifm t h i p ba nen tffdng tntog cho Phfit - Phfip - Tfing
Theo kfi't qui ffieu tra tren thffc t l tai Viet Nam, 100% cfic gia dinh ngffdi Viet d ca khu vffc nSng thon va thfinh thi deu co bfin thd t l tiln. NhQng ngffdi theo tSn giao khdc nhu dgo Phgt vfi dao TMfin Chfla cflng Ifim cfic ngM thffc cflng gid to tifin, tuy nMfin theo quan mfm vfi each rieng d a hp. Ngofii ngfiy gio chfnh, tren mfit phan ba so hp gia ffinh dffdc khao sat cho biet, bp t b i p hffdng trfin bfin thd t l tifin hdng ngfiy, s l cbn lgi t h i p huong diu dan vdo ngfiy R i m va ngfiy mong Mpt**'.
Sff dung hdp giffa Phgt giao vfi tin ngffdng thd cflng to tifin cua ngffdi Viet con bilu hifin d nghi thflc tien dang. Trong cdc ngfiy l l Phfit dffpc to chQc d chfla hoac trong cfic l l ldn tai gia tien, deu cd nhfll^
ngM thQc tie'n dang, ffi dflng theo nhip ffieu vfi dffdc nang Ifin thfinh nghe thufit mua trang trpng. Dfic biet tai cfic chfla, trong nhflng ngfiy trpng l l , hai yeu to la /I nhgc va cdc thdy cung khfing t h i tMeu.
- Ve le nhgc: Nguon gfi'c cua l l nhac Phdt gifio cd t o thdi Dffe Phfit TMch Ca.
KM cbn sS'ng, cMnh Ngfii tOl^ lfi mot nhgc si tdi gidi. Tifi'ng dan cua Ngfii cbn hay hdn ca tMen nhac vfi nhd tifi'ng dan dd ma Ngfii da d m hda dffpc nhiJng ngudi khdc.
Thdi ky nfiy, am nhac cung budc diu tdc dung dfi'n sinh boat cua Phfit giao.
6 Viet Nam, chua cd mfit tfii Ueu ndo ndi cu t h i v l thffi gian hinh thaiih nhac ll Phfit gifio. Nhung cd the ndi r i n g , nhae l l
Phan Nhgt Trinh (Thich Nguyen Hgnh) - Su dung hap Phdt gido.. 63 da cd mfit d ^ ^ l t Nam k h a sdm, vi de'n
trieu dai Ly - Tran, nhac l l Phdt giao da dUdc sQ dung pho Men. Ngfiy nay, vile dpc tung dpc kinh ffiln, d e h tan tung d cfic chfla Vifit Nam cd sff thay dli, cd su khfic bifit ve t h a n h ffifu d mSi vung miln, do anh hudng cua fim nhac truyin thfi'ng dia phUdng, tgo n e n sff phong phu, da dang vfi nMlu mau sic.
Cac ntiae cu trong ngM l l (gpi chung lfi
"Phdp bad"), dUdc ffieu kMen bffi Phdp chd.
• thudng la try tri ngfii chOa, nffi t l chQc dan cung, hofic la vi sU cd vi tri chinh trong ngM l l , dffdc sff dung vdi t u each nhff lfi phffcmg tifin kfi't nS'i giQa ngoffi hfinh l l vffi t h i n Unh, Dffe Phgt. Trong phan nhac, d nMlu y l u t l chiu a n h hffdng nhgc l l cl truyin d a ngffdi Viet. Cu t h i , lfi nhac dffdc cMa lam hai phan Ifi t h a n h nhgc vfi cfic nhip trfi'ng.
Tai cfic chua d Hfi Npi (trong dd cd ba chfla Tfio Sach, B l D l , Pliap Van), cac le nhac dQdc chia theo hai nhdm la cac nhgc cu bdt bupc va cde nhgc cu dugc biin chi bd sung, tffc khSng b i t bupc. Sff khfic nhau trong cdc buoi l l (do cfic dpi ciing thffc Men) tgi cfic chua cM xay r a d nhdm nhgc cu bo sung. Cfic nhac cu dope bien che' d dinh gom: ChuSng, Mo, Thanh la, Nao bat, Tiu canh vfi hai loai trd'ng la trong Cfii vfi trong Ban. Cfic nhgc cu nfiy dfii kM dOdc bifin c h l theo nhdm, tbeo khoa cflng, nhffng p h i n nMlu dope sflr dung nhu mft dan nhac vfi hba tau trong cfic khSng gian hanh 11.
- Cdc dgi cdng: Su dung hdp gifla Phgt gifio vfi tin ngudng thd cflng to tifin cbn dUdc t h i Men qua sQ Uln k i t giiJa cac dpi cflng. Vfio cfic buli dai l l , cfic chfla Tfio Sach, B 6 De, Phfip Van, thudng mdi thfim
d c dpi cflng tff d c chua klific hofic cfic dfi cung dfin gian tO cae dia phffcmg khfic tham gia trd giflp. Nguyen nhfin la do nhfin luc d a nhfi chOa cd hgn. Ngffdc Iai, do xu the' phfit t r i l n chung d a ddi song vfin hda tfim Unh, v l pMa nhfi chfla ciing cd sff k i t hdp trong t l chffc ngM l l d cfic dia phffdng khac. Cac dpi ciing cua cfic chfla Ha Npi cflng da tham gia cac l l d u cung tai nMlu tinh thfinh khdc. Sd ffi cd sQ k i t hdp tren la do cfic dfin lfi ldn thffdng keo dfii nMlu ngfiy, s l Iffdng nhiJng ngQdi hfinh l l , cac t h i y cflng khong du hofic cd t h i do vfio ngay le dd, mpt s l thanh vien (vi ribOng Iy do khfic nhau) khfing tham gia dffdc. Da cd tnfdng hop, do ngM lfi dUdc t l chffe vffi quy mo Idn, ffiln ra trong mft khong gian rpng, d l tao khong kM trang ngMlm vfi hofinh trfii^, mft s l chua thffdng dflng ra t l chffc l l dfin l l cflng vfi mbi thfim cac thay cflng khfic d cfic dia phUdng hay dfi cflng d cac chua khac. Tuy nMen kM tham gia, cac ttiay cling dfin gian thffdng phai cung theo cfic nhd sU.
Nhu vay, sU phfin chia giffa nhac cu bat bupc vfi bifin che' bo sung nfiu trfin, chi mang tfnh chait tffdi^ dli, vi trfin thffc te, cd nhiJng tnfdng hdp cdc t b i y cflng ciia dfi nfiy dUdc mdi sang cflng giup cho dfii kia, vfi nhff v|iy se cd sff bo sung bifin c b l cho cfic nhac cu khfic nhau.
Sff k i t hdp, dung hda giOa Ph^t gifio vfi tin ngffdng thd cung t l tifin the Mfin d cho, dfi ngu cac t h i y cflng chuyfin ngMep, chuyfin chfim Io vifc cflng te trong cfic l l ngM thd cung cua ngUdi ^^f t, da k i t hop vffi d c nhfi sff, cflng tham gia thffc Men nhflng ngM l l thd d n g chung trong mft sff kien trpng dai d a dat nffdc, do cfic nha sff cua mSt so chua t l chffc; hodc cflng cham lo viec thuc hfinh ngM l l thd cflng trong
64 Nghien edu Bdng Nam A, sd 11/2015 tin ngOdi^ Phdt giao trong cfic buoi l l cho
ngffffi dan. Tuy nMfin, trong cac dfin cflng d u silu, tbay cung dan gian chuyen ngMfip dffpc d c t h i y ehfla mdi tham dff n h i m b l trd v l nhgc Iy la chii ye'u. CMnh sU k i t hpp trong viec thffc hanh nghi l l thd cung gifla nhfi sU vfi thay cung dfin gian da tgo khSng gian tMfii^ Ueng, trang trpng vfi Idm gifiu thfim sac thai vfin hda cho tin ngudng thd cung to tien va tfn ngudng thd cung trong dao Phat.
So dung hdp Phat gifio d l i vffi tin ngUdng thd cung to tifin, bilu Mfin qua ngM l l cbn t h i Mfn trong cupc song thffdng ngay. Dd la viec cac phat tff d a nha chua lufin chfim lo thUc Mfin cfic i ^ M l l cua dao. Ho thffdng len chua vao cac ngay chu nhat hang tuan, ngay 30, mong 1, 14, 15 hfing thang, vdi muc ffich t M i n dinh, gifl giffi vfi thOc h a n h thap tMfn.
Vific phfit tff chfim Ifin chua vfi lo thoe hifin d c ngM l l cfla dgo Phdt khfing cM vi "tO bi, by x l , b l tM" cua P h a t giao rat phu hdp vffi tdm nguyfn cua quin chflng nhan dan lfi "d Min gfip Ifinh, d ac gap ac", mfi cbn vi tin, hanh, nguyfn cua Phat giao cflng dfip ffng dffdc sy nguyen cau d a hp. Dd la, vific thyc tifinh ngM lfi nham giup cho t l tiln, fing ba, cha me chdng dUde sifiu thofit d the' gidi bfin kia vfi ban thfin, gia ffinh cua hp khdi o'm dau, bfinh tat.
Su dung hdp giQa Phat giao vfi tin ngfldng thd cung t l tifin cbn bilu Men qua viec mft s l ngUdi dan (la phdt tff d cfic chfla) da thffc Mfn fin chay mdt so ngfiy (14, 15, 30 vfi m i n g Mft) d l t h i Mfin sff
"giai thofit" trong triet l;y Phgt giao; dd lfi, ngffffi tu hdnh cM Ifim ffieu tMfin, khdng ldm ffiiu dc. An chay Id mot each de thffc Min quy dinh ciia nha Phat: khfing sfit
sinh I d c l lofii sau bp va cfin trung.
Tai ehOa Phfip Van, cac phat tff d a chfla thue Mfin fin ehay ra't da dang. Mpt s l ngudi dn chay mot s l ngay trong thfing, s l khfic fin chay tnfdng. Dfic bifit, ta't d cfic ph^t tff trong dao trang Qufin T h i Am tbffc Mfn dn chay theo cpng d i n g 01 ngfiy/thfing tgi chOa. Tuy riMfin, muc ffich cua ngay fin chay da dope md rpng nfii dung. ThSng qua dd, n h a ehOa, dQng dau Id sff tru tri cbn to chffc thuyfi't giang nMeu v l h d l thdi sff ndng bdng trong ddi song xd hfii Mfn nay, n h i m giao due cho cac phfit tff nhi^ sQc Idioe cfng ding, tam ly gia dinh, dao dQc xa hfi, vfi sinh mSi tnfdng.- Day Id nhflng van de dffdc xa hpi quan tam. Ngfiy fin chay cOng la cd hpi cho nhOtig ngoffi muS'n tim Mlu sfiu thfim vl dgo Phgt vfi y ngMa d a viec an chay dli vffi d c lofii vfi sQc khde cua ban thfin....
Song song vdi vific cham lo thffc hanh edc ngM Ie, sieng nfing thffc Men tMen dinh giff gidi, cac chOa %^fit Nam, dac bifit Ifi cfic chOa Tao sdeh, Phap Van, Bo De, sfin sdng thffc Men cac yeu cau tam linh khfic cua ngffdi dfin nhff giai oan, d u sieu..
eho Sng ba, to tien, nhOng ngffffi da mit.
Hifin nay, trong nMlu dam tang d Ha Npi van giff nep d u sieu sam hoi. Mpt mdt, ngffffi dfin c h i p nhfin ngoffi thfin da gia ttf cupc ddi ve vffi cdi tien, nhffng mat khfic ve phucmg ffifin tdm linh, ho ngM, ngffffi than, fing bfi, to v l n cbn q u ^ quanh dau day vdi hp. Qua le cau sifiu, ngffdi qua cfi' "Meu ring", day chinh lfi sff buong xa mpi sff bam viu, moi sff ffinh mac d l quay v l vdi chfin tfim, vffi phdt tinh, vffi nguon nang Iffpng trong Ifinh cua tinh thucfng yfiu va sfl Mlu bilt chfin thdt de thuc hfinh sU giai phdng minh ra mpi su k h i dau va dat d i n
Phan Nhdt Trinh (Thich Nguyen Hgnh) - SU dung hcfp Phgt gido... 65
sU gifii thodt an vui vinh cffu - ve vdi cdi Niet bfin. KM dffr^ trUdc d i c h i t d a ngudi than, nhflng ngffffi trong gia ffinh thudng hffdng vpng d i n ChU Phfit vfi Bo Tfit nhff k h i n d u mot cMic thuyen tilp dfi vong linh ngUffi qua eo ve nffi thfi' giffi cUe lac. Trong y nghi dd, hp k h i n d u Dflc Phfit A Di Dfi, DQc B l Tfit Dia Tang tie'p ddn vong Unh v l nffi tinh t h i . Wi t h i , dfl khong cbinh thffc quy y tai chOa, nhUhg hp vdn dp dung ngM thffc tang l l theo Phdt giao vffi nhQng ngM l l : quy y Iinh, thuylt Unh trong Ie tich ffifn tnfdc ngdy an tdng, cflng nhff dp dung ngM thQc cung tuan d l nguyfn d u eho vong linh thoat khdi 10 dgi dia nguc d eoi am, n h i m vfing sinh vao mpt coi an lac hff huyln nfio dd"*^'.
sff tham gia hffdng ffng cua b l u h i t ngffdi dan Hfi Nfi. Ngupc Igi, cac ngay gio, ngfiy Tfi't, dfim tang, ngfiy h d i , . d a ngffdi dan tM cung khSng cdn la vific d a dfin lfing, cua nlifi nffdc, ma nd dfi trd thfinh cua Ph4t gifio, fin sdu trong tilm thffc cua nha chOa, vfi dd cung lfi viec chfla. Do dd, each cff hfinh ngM l l mang tinh ton gifio trang trpng vffi cfic ngM thffc trang ngMfim, tuy cd phan d u ky nhung mang day tinh nhdn van vfi n i t van hda cua Phgt gido, tff y phuc, cd phudn, chuong md, tung mfm, da lfi nhflng thff khong t h i tMlu trong nhiJng ngfiy l l hfi d a ngffdi dan. (i!hflng ta can p h l i bifi't giff gin va tran trong nhffng n i t dep vfin hda dd./.
KET LUAN
Tff nhflng trtnh bfiy tren d t h i rflt ra nhan xet nhff sau: sff dung hdp giiJa Ph$t giao dS'i vffi thd cflng t l tifin d a ngffdi Vifit b i t nguon tO lau dffi trong Uch sQ, tff kM Phgt giao du nh§p vfio Viet Nam. Hien tffdng Phat gifio hba nhfip vffi tin ngffdng ban dia khfing cM the M i n d sQ cd mfit d a ngfii chfla, trd thfinh mft "mat xfch" khSng t h i tMfi'u trong hfi t h i n g ffi tich thd cung tgi cfic lfing xa, trong cfich bfii tri tffdng Phfit, cfic d l i tQpng dffdc thd eung tai chOa, mfi d trong cac nghi li thdc hdnh tin ngudng thd cflng to tiln cua ngffdi nhfi chua va r ^ d i -dan.
Kfi't qua ngMfin cQu sff dung hdp gifla Phfit giao vffi t m ngudng thd cung t l tien bieu Mfn qua ngM le da phat ffi mft thdng ffiep: tQ ifiu, nhiir^ ngay l l d a Phat giao d mpt s l chua Hd Nfi nhff Tao Sach, Phfip Vfin, B l De..ihong cbn lfi vific d a rieng giffi tu hfinh Phat gifio nfla, mfi nd dfi dffdc
CHU THICH
1. Dang N ^ e m Van (1996), Vl tdn giao tin ngudng Viit Nam hiSn nay, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hfii, Hfi Noi, tr.315.
2. Theo tich cfla Phdt gido, Muc Kien Lifin Id mft ngUdi con rat Meu thao. Tuy nliign, me cda fing - bfi Thanh Dl lfi ngUdi cd tdm dia tham lam, dfc dc. KM cha chet, fing bdo me minh (ba Thanh Dl), dflng mft phan tdi san d l cflng dUdng Trai Tdng. Bd khong dong tinh vdi f kiln cfla con, nhan lflc con khfing cfi nhd, bfi xui diy td dfinh duoi chu tdng rdi dflng tiln mua gfi, vit, trdu, bb vl gilt an thit. Vi gfiy nMlu ngMgp dc. ngn ssai kM chg't ffi, bfi phai ldm nga quy, doi khdt, khi sd. Trdi ngUtfc vdi me, ngdi Muc Kiln Lign r i t mo dgo Phgt.
6ng ffi tu, dac dao vfi luygn dUtfc phdp Luc thfing, cfi t h i nhin thau TMgn - Dia. Nlid din me, fing vdn Luc Thfing Thin Nhan soi khip coi u minh tim me. Thgt dang budn kM fing thiy me minh dang bi doa ddy dtfdi dia nguc, phai ldm ngg quy.
ThUtfng me, fing vgn dung ph^p thin thfing
66 Nghiin cihi Bdng Nam A, sd 11/2015
dua Ctfm xufi'ng cho me fin. Vi ddi, lgi stf bi cdc nga quy khfic cudp mat ctfm, me fing ldy tay che bfit cdm ffi. Bfit com bdn bic chdy bie'n thdnh tro tfin. Ong chdt Mlu ra n ^ g p chudng cfla me minh qud nfing, lflc sinh thdi bfi da giet hai nMlu sflc vfit. Muc Kiln lign bfen quay ve thUa vdi Phdt t l , mong Ngfii cM day cho cdch cflu giflp me.
Phdt cho hay, muln cflu me, mft minh fing khfing t h i nfio ldm dUdc mfi phdi htfp sffc bdi chu tfing d khip bin phudug. Vdo ngfiy Rim tiifing Bay, dd Id thdi gian cac chU tang da h i t mfla "an cU kilt ha", fing mdi cdc chu tang khdp b i n phuong din d l cflng tung nifm cflu me. Nhd sU Mgp lUc cda cdc chu tang vfi phfip phfit, me fing da thodt khfii chon nga quy vd dUpc diu thai ve chin an Ifinh.
3. Phan Ke Binh (2004), Vi^t Nam phong tuc, Nxb. TP. Ho CM Minh, tr. 59 4. Ddng NgMfim Van (2001), Ly ludn vi ton
gido vd tinh hinh tdn gido d Viit Nam, Nxb. Chinh tri quic gia, Hfi Nfi, ta-. 267.
5. Tran Dai Vinh (1995), 7Yn ngUSng ddn gian Hue, Nxb. Thudn Hoa, Hul, tr. 55-56.
TAI U E U THAM K H A O
1. Toan Anh (1996), Phong tuc thd cdng trong gia dinh Viit Nam, Nxb. Vfin hoa dan tpc, Hfi Nfii.
2. Phan K l Blnh (2004), Viit Nam phong tuc, Nxb. TP. HI CM Minh.
3. Cadiere, L. (1997, ban didi), Vi vdn hda vd tin ngudng truyin thdng ngudi Viit, Nxb.
van hoa Thfing tin.
4. Caffiere, L. (2010), Vdn hda, tin ngifng vd thuc hdnh tdn giao ngudi Viit, Nxb. Thufn Hoa, Hul.
5. Minh CM (2004): "Vdi suy nghi vi sU hdi nhdp cUa Phdt gido vdo nin vdn hod Viit Nam", Tap chi Nghien cffu Tfin gido, sfi' 4, tr. 58 -61.
6. Nguyin Hiep (2012), Nghi thudt vd cdc gid
tri c^ Phdt gido - thdm ddm tinh thdn nhdn vdn vd y nghia triit hgc; t^ng: Vdn hda Phdt gido vd lich sU cdc ngdi chda d Viit Nam, Nxb. Lao Dfing.
7. Nguyin Duy Hmh, Le Dffe Hanh (2011), Phdt gido trong vdn hoa Viit Nam, Nxb.
Van hda - Thfing tin vd ^^gn Vfin hda 8. Hfi khoa hpc lich sfl Vift Nam (2006),
NhUng vdn di nhdn hoc tdn gido, Nxb. Dd Ning.
9. Hofing Thu Huoi^ (2006), "Vi m6i quan M giUa nhu cdu cua ngUdi di li chda vd dich vu bdn dS li" (Qua khdo sdt thUe t l tai chfla Qudn Sff vd chfla Hfi d Hd Nfi), Tap cM NgM&n cflu Tfin gifio, so 2, tr. 51-55.
10. Kinh Vu Lan Bdo An, (PL2548- 2005), Njdi. Tfin gifio.
11. Nguyen TM Minh Ngpc (2008), "Phdt gido ddn gian: con dUdng nhdp thi cda Phdt gido Viit Nam", Tap dii NgMen cuU Ton gifio, s l 8, tr. 25-32.
12. TrUdng Thin (2010), Nghi li thd cung to tiin, din chda miiu phd, Nxb. Thdi dai.
13. Ngfi Bffc Thjnh (2001, chfl bifin). Tin ngudng vd vdn hda tin ngUdng d Viit Nam, Nxb. KHXH, Hfi Nfi.
14. TMch Thanh Tff (1966): Phdt gido trong mgch sdng ddn tpc, Nxb La Bli, Sai Gfin, 1972.
15. Trung tdm tff ffiln hoc (2007), TU diin tiing Viit, Nxb. Da Nfing.
16. Dang Nghigm Van (1996), Vi tdn gido tin ngudng Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb. KHXH, HdNdi.
17. Dang NgMgm Van (2001), L i ludn vi tdn gido vd tinh hlnh tdn gido d Viet Nam, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia, Hd Nfi.
18. Victor Turner (2006), BUu tmng trong nghi li cua ngUdi Ndemhu, trong: NhSng vdn di Nhdn hpc Tdn gido. Tap cM Xiia &
Nay vfi Nxb Dfi Niing.
19. Tran Dai Vinh (1995), Tin ngU&ng ddn gian Hui, Nxb. Thu^n Hda, Hue.
20. N^ygn Nhu ^ (Chfl bign, 1999), Dai tii diin tiing ViSt, Nxb. Van hda - Thong tin.