KHOA HbC CbNG N G H |
CUQIVIG LIJC VA SAlV LUQIVG KHAI THAC HAI SAIVI TAI BEIVI LACH HOI - TH| XA CLTA LO -
TIIVIH IMGHSAIM
Tdn Ntr My Nga\ Nguydn Thj Ly' T6MTAT
Dd gop phan x.'iy dimg co s(V thong tin nglic c;i, mot ciioc khao sat da dirm- thpc hien theo phuong ph^p dieu tra phong v:iii W iii.'iu tiiuoc 3 xA, i^hurmg trong fli<""ni Nghi XuAn, Phuc Thp. Nghi Hai tai ben Lach Hpi (thi xa Cira UV Nghe An). Kd qua cho tlifiy cirmig luc khai thac (E) khac nhau rat ldn giua cac dpi tau hoat (IdDK b.ing c^c loai nghd khai thac khac. cao nhat la 1.58 ngay <V doi tau vSy 90-150 CV va thap nhait la 9 ngay o doi tau chgp iiiin.' L'O T^O CV, Nghe vky (tau 150-250 CV) co s.in lupng khai th/ic Ion nha't (84.089 kg, chirm H.fU- tdng saii lirc,mg lo.iii l)rn) trong khi nghd re <20 CV co san lupng khai thac thap nhat (127 kg.
chidm 0.07%). San hroiig kliai thac trong mpt chuydn bidn cao nhftt ddi vdi ca (132.417 kg/chuydn) va thap nhcit ddi voi ghe (73.''>S kg/i liuyrn), cua (7.430 kg/chuydn) va torn (7.401 kg/chuydn). Nghd ludi keo doi CO chi phi san xual trong mot chuydn l)i('ii cao nhftt (44.6 trieu ddng) va doanh thu cung cao nhdt (190,385 iruu doii.c) NK'IIP IC irni m chl phi san xuat trong mpt chuydn birn th^p nhdt (3,8 trieu ddng) va doanh thu cung th.-ij) nh.Tt (ll,,'i{H) trieu dong).
Tir kh6a: i>cn Lach Hpi. ('ir.i Ld. ctrdjig !{jv khai thac hii san, Nghi An, san luong khai thac hai san.
L B AT VAN OE /,. yvp/ dung nghiin cuu
Hien nay, cdng Uie Uidng ke nghd cd thuimg Xac dinh cudng lire vd san lupng khai thdc hai mang tinh tuc tiidi, khdng lien tuc dan ddn ban chd san tai bdn Lach Hdi.
tiiong tin tdng hciii phuc vu cdng tiic du bao, quan li 3. Phuong phdp thu thdp sd lidu
va giai quydt bai toan tdng the. c x i . .fU-. -' < ^u ^u- ^- n\. ^n. • ' -^ ** So heu thu cap: dupe thu thap tu Chi cue Khai Do dd. mdt cudc khao sat boat ddng khai thdc thdc va Bao ve Ngudn lpi Thuy san Nghd An.
hai san tai bdn Lach Hdi (mdt tiong nhieu bdn cua sd lieu so cap: dupe tiiu tiidp bdng phuong phap till xd Cira Ld, tinh Nghe An) da dupe tiiuc hidn didu tia phdng van (qua phidu phdng van). Mau dupe nhdm tinh toan cudng luc khai tiiac va san lupng khai chpn ngau nhien, chidm 22% so vdi tdng sd mau voi thdc, danh gid mire dp bdn viing cua nghd cd, bao ve dp chinh xdc 94%.
vd phat ti-idn ngudn lpi tiiuy san. gdp phan xdy dung 4. Phuong phdp xir li sd lidu
CO sd thdng tin nghd ca cho tinh Nghe An ndi rieng c 1 1 K • tu • u »• J-- .< ^
, ^r . ^ ^ '^'<?^g ^ ^ ^3c cho moi doi tau tiong cung va cho Viet Nam ndi chung (dir hdu dau vdo cua ^^^ ^ghd dupe tinh tiieo cdng tinic (FAO, 2002.
Vnfishbase). Xrich tiieo [2]): CATCH = CPUE x EFFORT;
L BOI TUqiWG, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU EFFORT = Ax BAC x F
1. Ddi tirpng nghidn ciiu Trong dd: CATCH: San lupng khai tiidc (kg);
i^Ai fA 1V, • .u' u' ' ' U-' T 1 ti- EFFORT: Cudng lire khai tiidc (ngdy); CPUE: Ndng
Dpi tau khai tiiac bai san o ben Lach Hoi. . . 1 1 . , . . v s //. •&
suat khai thac trdn mdt don vi cirdng luc (san lupng 2. Phuong phdp nghidn ciiu khai tiidc tiimg binh ti-ong mdt ngdy cua mdt dpi tau a. Thdi gian vi dia dii'm nghiin cuu don vj: kg/tdu/ngay); A: tiidi gian tiling binh 1 TT,- • ,. • 01 no on,. ^-' - ^. chuydn bien (ngdy); F: Tongsd tau tiiuyen khai tilde Thoi gian: tu ngay 21 02 2011 den ngdy 04 - - ^u u- .u . - *-• ^ / == /.> \
BAC: La hd sd hoat ddng ciia dpi tau, bieu hien xac Dia didm: Xd Nghi Xudn, xd Phuc Thp, phudng sudt di mpt tau tiiuydn khai tiidc hai san bat ky co Nghi Hai. Ddy la nhiing xa, phudng cd nhidu tdu ^ ^ ^i '^i^n vao mpt ngay bat ky ti-ong thang.
tham gia khai tiiac va bdc dd san phdm khai thdc rn dupe tai ben Lach Hdi. BAC =
Trong dd: m: Sd tau mau di bidn vao ngay didu ' Khoa Nuoi trdng Thuy san, D^i hpc Nha Trang tra (tai bdn cd bode khi gpi didn cho chii tau); n: So
74 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2012
KHOA HOC CbNG N G H l
tau mau dupe chpn ngdu nhien vdo ngdy didu ti-a (tai 1. Cudng Ivrc khai tiidc hdi sdn tai bdn Lach Hdi bdn ca hoac khi gpi didn cho chii tdu). j ^ ^ ^ P ^ Q (2002) (trich tiieo [3]), cudng luc
- Chi phi san xuat vd doanh thu chuydn bidn dupe khai tiidc Id khd ndng huy ddng thuc td cac tdu tham tinh tiieo cong thiic sau (FAO, 2002. Trich tiieo [1]):
+ Chi phi san xuat: Chi phi san xuat = chi phi nhien lieu + luong thuc + dd + bao duong nhd.
+ Doanh thu chuydn bidn: Doanh thu chuydn bien = san pham x gid bdn.
- Cdc sd heu dupe xir li bdng phdn mdm Excel.
U. KET QUA NGHEN CUU VA T)iAO LUAN
gia boat ddng khai tiidc tiong mdt tiidi gian ndo dd.
Ddi vdi 1 tau Id tdng sd ngay tau dd di bidn tiong tiiang (don v} ngay/tdu), ddi vdi dpi tdu la tdng sd ngay di bidn ciia tdt ca cdc tdu tiong dpi. Don vi cudng lire khai tiiac la "ngay tau khai thac", la "gid tau danh ludi keo'. la "CV gid danh ludi"
Kdt qua didu tra vd cudng luc khai thac hai san tai bdn Lach Hdi dupe trinh bay dbang 1.
Cau 20-50 CV Chup muc 20-50 CV Ludi keo ddi 250-400 CV Ludi keo don 20-50 CV Re tioi <20 CV
Re tioi 90-150 CV Vdy 90-150 CV Vay 150-250 CV Vd/manh 20-50 CV V6/manh 50-90 CV
Bdng 1. Cudng li^c khai thdc He sd boat
ddng cua tau (BAC)
0,43 0,6 0,6 0,55
0,5 0,57 0,63 0,51 0,44 0,47
Tdng sd tau(F)
(tau) 29
7 10 32 20 4 25 12 21 9
bdn L?ich Hdi Sd ngdy boat ddng
trong chuydn (A) (ngay/chuydn)
5,5 2 10 4,5 1,5 4,2 10 15 3 3
Cudng luc khai thdc (E) (ngdy)
68,59 8.4
60 79.2
15 9,576
157,5 91,8 27,72 12,69 Bang 1 cho thay hd sd boat ddng ciia tau (BAC)
thay ddi khong nhieu giiia cdc nhdm tau (cd nghd khac nhau, cdng suat khde nhau), thap nhat la 0,43 d dpi tau cau 20-50 CV vd cao nhat la 0,63 d tdu vdy 90- 150 CV. Thdng thudng, nhimg nhdm tau nhd, hoat dpng sat bd va di ve trong ngdy ndn tan dung dupe thdi gian khai thdc nhidu hon. Trir nhiing ngdy sdng to, gid ldn phai nghi, dpi tau nay boat ddng dupe d tat ca cac ngay cdn lai trong thdng. Cdc dpi tdu cdng suat cao hon phai mat thdi gian nghi giira hai chuydn bien nen he sd boat ddng thap hon.
Tdng sd tau (F) cd su khde nhau ldn gitra cdc dpi tdu, cao nhat Id dpi tdu ludi kdo don 20-50 CV vdi 32 tau (chiem 18,9%), tiiap nhat Id dpi tau rd ti-di 90-150 CV vdi 4 tau (chidm 2,4%).
Sd ngay boat ddng trong chuydn (A) cd sir khac nhau rat ldn giua cdc dpi tau, cao nhat d dpi tdu vdy 150-250 CV vdi 15 ngay/chuydn, tiiap nhat d dpi tdu re tidi <20 CV vdi 1,5 ngay/chuydn.
Cudng luc khai thdc (E) cung cd su khde nhau rat ldn giira cac dpi tau, cao nhat la 157,5 ngdy d dpi
tdu vdy 90-150 CV vd thap nhat la 8,5 ngdy d dpi tdu chup muc 20-50 CV.
2. San lupng khai thdc trong mdt chuydn bidn tai bdn Lach Hdi
a. Sin lupng khai thic caa cic nginh nghe khai thic hii sin tai bin Lach Hdi
Kdt qua didu tra sdn lupng khai thdc tai ben Lach Hdi dupe trinh bdy d bang 2. Bang 2 cho tiiay ndng suat khai thdc ciia nghe vd/mdnh 50-90 CV Id ldn nhat (988,7 kg), nhd nhdt la nghd cdu 20-50 CV (31,26 kg). Ndng suat khai thdc dupe su dung nhu mdt chi sd rat quan trpng nhdm ddnh gid ngudn lpi cung nhu hidn trang ciia nghd cd. Do ndng suat khai tilde dupe tinh theo kg/ngdy/tdu ndn cdc dpi tdu d nhdm cdng suat cdng cao thi ndng suat khai thdc cdng cao. San lupng khai thdc todn ben Lach Hdi ti-ong tiiang 3/2011 Id khoang 183.000 kg. Trong dd, nghd vay 150-250 CV cd san lupng ldn nhat Id 84.088,8 kg (chiem 44,6% tdng san lupng todn ben) do nghd nay cd sd ngdy boat ddng trong chuyen, ndng suat khai tiidc cao. San lupng tiiap nhat Id nghe
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2012 75
KHOA HbC CbNG NGHfi
rd <20 CV vdi 126,9 kg (chidm 0,07%) do sd ngdy boat ddng trong chuydn, ndng sudt khai tiidc tiidp.
Bdnj Dpi tau
Cdu 20-50 CV Chup mue 20-50 CV Ludi keo ddi 250^00 CV Ludi keo don 20-50 CV Re < 20 CV
Re 90-150 CV Vdy 90-150 CV Vay 150-250 CV Vd/mdnh 20-50 CV V6/manh 50-90 CV
J 2. Sdn lupng khai Cudng lire khai
tilde E (ngdy) 68,585
8,4 60 79.2
15 9.6 157,5
91,8 27,72 12.69
tilde bdn L^ch Hdi thd Ndng sudt khai thdc
CPUE (kg/ngdy) 31.26
317,33 604,97 214,33 8,46 119,05
109 916 353,3 988,7
ng 3/2011
Sdn lupng khai thdc CATCH (kg)
2.144,2 2.665,6 36.298,5
16.975,2 126,9 1.140.0 17.167.5 84.088,8 9.793.5 12.546.2
Tyld%
1.2 L5 20 9,2 0,07
0,6 9,3 44,6
5,4 6,9 b. Sin lupng khai thic cie nhdm hii sin t^ l)dn
Lach Hdi
Kdt qua nghidn ciru san lupng khai thdc cac nhdm bai sdn tiong mpt chuydn bidn dupe trinh bay dbang 3.
Ddi tupng Cd Muc Tdm Cua Ghe Tdng
Bdng 3. Sdn luprng khai thdc cdc nhdm hdi sdn Cdu
1.513,57 630,66
2.144,23
Vd/mdnh 13.%2,33
8.377,33
22.339,66
Chup muc 680.59 2.098.47
2.779,06
Nghd khai 1 Ludi rd 1.151,74
43,2 72,00 1.266,94
trong 1 chuydn bidn (kg) thdc
Ludi kdo 16.482,48 14.716,50 7.358,26 7.358,26 7358.26 53.273.76
Ludi vdy 98.626.28 2.630.05
101.256,33
Tdng 132.416,99
28.453,01 7.401,46 7.430.26 7.358.26 183.000 Bang 3 cho thay san lupng khai thdc cao nhat d
nhdm cd (132.417 kg/chuydn), kd dd la muc (28.453 kg/chuydn) vd thap nhat Id gh? (7.358 kg/chuydn), cua (7.430 kg/chuydn) vd tdm (7.401 kg/chuydn).
Tdm, cua, ghe khai thdc it hon va chii ydu dupe khai thdc bdi nghd ludi keo. Su khde nhau vi ddi tupng khai thdc cua cdc nghd thd hidn rdt rd. Ludi kdo Id nghd khai thdc da ddi tupng, phong phu vd thdnh phan lodi ddnh bdt dupe. Nghd chup muc, nghd cdu la nhiing nghd cd chpn Ipc vi ddi tupng khai thdc.
Chup muc khai thdc chii ydu Id mue, nghd cdu chii ydu Id cdc lodi cd cd gid trj kmh td cao dd xudt khdu.
c. Dinh gii chi phi san xui't vi doanh thu chuydn bidn
Dinh gii chi phi sin xui't
Chi phi san xudt cho mdt chuydn bidn bao gdm chi phi siia chiia nho, luong, luong thuc, ddu, dd.
Trong dd, ddu la chi phi cao nhdt. Hidn nay, gid ddu tdng khidn cho ngu ddn khai thdc gdp nhidu khd khdn, chi phi san xuat cao hon truoc. Kdt qua nghidn Cliu chi phi san xudt dupe trinh bay trong hinh 1.
9CCI00 46000 J «000 i 36000
— 30000 -I
• 29om X 30000
\ 19000 I 10000 SXX)
0
±
OitfiiWC WadHinh 1. Chi phi sdn xudt cic nghd trong bdn L^chHdi
Hinh 1 cho thdy tdng chi phi san xudt tiong mot chuydn bidn cua nghd ludi kdo ddi cao nhat (44,6 hidu ddng), tidp dd la nghd chup muc (26,682 tiieu ddng) vd thap nhat Id nghd rd trdi (3,8 trieu ddng).
Nghd luoi kdo ddi Id nghd cd dau tu ldn, thdi gian di bidn kdo dai. Ngirpc lai, nghd rd trdi cd tiidi gian khai thdc n g ^ hon.
- Dinh gii doanh thu chuydn bidn
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu doanh thu chuydn bidn md>t sd nghd dupe trinh bay d hinh 2.
76 N 6 N G
NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2012
KHOA HbC CbNG NGHfi
I
Chyp nvc K*o iM K*o don nghA
Vty
Hinh 2. Doanh thu chuydn bidn cdc nghd trong bdn L?ich Hdi
Hinh 2 cho thay doanh tiiu ciia nghd ludi keo ddi cao nhat (190,385 tri$u ddng), tidp dd la nghd ludi vay (157,760 tridu ddng) vd thdp nhdt Id nghd rd tidi (11,509 trieu ddng). Do ddc didm ciia nghd, nghd ludi keo ddnh bdt viing khoi, ddu tir ldn, sdn lupng thu dupe Cling ldn, gid tri kinh te cao ndn doanh thu cung ldn; tiong khi dd, nghd rd trdi khai tiidc gan bd, dau tir it nhat, san lupng thap nhat, ddi tupng khai thac cd gid tri kinh td it ndn doanh thu mang l^i ciing thap nhat. Rieng nghd chup muc cd ddu tu khd cao (chi phi san xuat cho mdt chuyen bidn cao thii nhi, chi sau nghd ludi keo ddi) nhung doanh thu lai dirng diii tu (sau nghe ludi kdo ddi, nghd vdy, nghd cdu).
IV. KET LUAN VADE XUAT Y K E V
L Kdt ludn
Cudng luc khai thdc (E) cd su khac nhau rat Ion gitra cdc dpi tdu, cao nhat Id 158 ngdy d ddi tdu vay 90-150 CV vd tiiap nhat la 9 ngdy d dpi tdu chup muc 20-50 CV.
Nghe vdy 150-250 CV cd san lupng khai thdc ldn nhat 84.081 kg (chidm 44,6% tdng san lupng toan
bdn) ti-ong khi nghd rd <20 CV cd san lupng khai thdc tiiap nhdt 127 kg (chidm 0,07%).
- Sdn lupng khai tiidc ti-ong mdt chuydn bidn cao nhdt Id cd (132.417 kg/chuydn) vd tiiap nhat la ghe (7.358 kg/chuydn), cua (7.430 kg/chuydn) va tdm (7.401 kg/chuydn).
Nghd ludi kdo ddi cd chi phi sdn xuat tiong mdt chuydn bidn cao nhdt (44,6 tiidu ddng) vd doanh tiiu cung cao nhdt (190,385 ti-idu ddng). Nghd re ti-di cd chi phi san xudt ti-ong mdt chuydn bidn tiiap nhat (3,8 tiidu ddng)vd doanh tiiu cung tiiap nhat (11,509 tridu ddng).
2. Dd xudt
Can tidp tiic tidn hdnh didu tra, khao sdt tiidm vd cudng lire khai thdc vd san lupng khai thdc hai san d tdt cd cdc lach khde ciia Nghd An ndi rieng vd todn qudc ndi chung dd cd du hdu day dii nhdm quan h nghd cd d tdm vT md, phdt tridn bdn viing khai thdc thiiy sdn.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Cue Khai thdc vd Bao vd Ngudn lpi Thiiy san, 2009. Tdi lieu hudng dan thdng kd sd hdu khai thdc, Hd Ndi.
2. Du dn ddnh gid ngudn lpi smh vdt bidn Vidt Nam, 1996. Ddnh gid ngudn lpi sinh vdt bidn Viet Nam, Hdi Phdng.
3. Phdng Ngudn lpi vd Mdi trudng- Chi cue Khai thdc vd Bao vd Ngudn lpi Thiiy san, 2011. Bdo cdo quy I ndm 2011, Nghd An.
FISHING EFFORTS AND FISHING CATCH OF LACH HOI WHARF - CUA LO TOWN NGHE AN PROVINCE
Ton Nu My Nga, Nguyen Thi Ly Summary
In order to contribute to fishbase, a survey has been conducted by interview method with 69 samples at 3 key communes Nghi Xuan, Phuc Tho and Nghi Hai at Lach Hpi wharf. The result showed that fishing efforts had a great difference between the fleets, reaching the highest value of 158 days in 90-150 Hp purse seine fleet and the lowest value of 9 days in squid stick held falling net fleet 150-250 CV purse seine fleet had the highest fishing catch (84,089 kg, accounting for 44.6 96 of the total fishing catch of the whole wharf) whereas under 20 Hp gill net fleet had the lowest fishing catch (127 kg, accounting for 0.07%). Catch composition of a voyage was the highest fr fish (132,417 kg/voyage) and the lowest for swimming-crabs (7,358 kg/voyage), crabs (7,430 kg/voyage) and shrimps (7,401 kg/voyage). Pair tiawlers had the highest operating cost in a voyage (44.6 million VND) and also the highest income (190.385 million VND). Drift gill nets had the lowest operating cost in a voyage (3.8 million VND) and also the lowest income (11.509 million VND).
Key words: Cua Lo, Lach Hoi whari, Nghe An, tishing efforts, tishing catch.
Ngudi phan bidn: TS. Chu Tidn Vmh
